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Lesson 1: Factoring Polynomials With Common Monomial Factor

1) This module teaches how to factor polynomials completely by finding the greatest common factor (GCF) and expressing differences and sums of squares and cubes as products. 2) Factoring polynomials involves rewriting them as a product of simpler polynomials. The GCF is found by determining the greatest numerical factor and lowest exponent that divides all terms. 3) The difference of two squares (x2 - y2) and the sum/difference of two cubes (x3 ± y3) can be factored into the product of their sums and differences.

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1K views

Lesson 1: Factoring Polynomials With Common Monomial Factor

1) This module teaches how to factor polynomials completely by finding the greatest common factor (GCF) and expressing differences and sums of squares and cubes as products. 2) Factoring polynomials involves rewriting them as a product of simpler polynomials. The GCF is found by determining the greatest numerical factor and lowest exponent that divides all terms. 3) The difference of two squares (x2 - y2) and the sum/difference of two cubes (x3 ± y3) can be factored into the product of their sums and differences.

Uploaded by

Ja Neen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: _________________________________________________ Grade: _____________

Module 1
In this module, you will able to:
• factor completely polynomials; and
• solve problems involving factors of polynomials.

Lesson 1: Factoring Polynomials with Common Monomial Factor


Factoring of polynomial is rewriting a polynomial as a product of polynomials of smaller degree.

Example:
Standard Form Factored Form
x 2 + 2x x(x + 2)
4 x 2 + 6x 2x(2x + 3)
3 x 2 + 6x 3x(x + 2)

Factoring is finding two or more factors of a number or a polynomial.

Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of two or more monomials is the common factorhaving the greatest
numerical factor and with variables having the least degree. Thus, the term a x n is the GCF of a polynomial if:
1. a is the greatest integer that divides each of the coefficients of the polynomials; and
2. n is the smallest exponent of x in all the terms of the polynomial.

Examples:
Polynomial GCF Factored Form
x 2 + 2x x x(x + 2)
4 x 2 + 6x 2x 2x(2x + 3)
3 x 2 + 6x 3x 3x(x + 2)
5x + 10 x 2 5x 5x(1 + 2x)
6 x 4 - 14 x 2 2x2 2 x 2(3 x 2 - 7)

Example 1
GCF

Find the greatest common factor of each pair of monomials.


a. 6a and 18ab
Solution:
Write the factors of 6a-------------(2 ∙ 3)(a)
Write the factors of 18ab ---------(2 ∙ 32)(a)(b)
The GCF of 6a and 18ab is -------(2 ∙ 3)(a) or 6a

b. 10a and 12a 2b


Solution:
Write the factors of 10a--------------(2 ∙ 5)(a)
Write the factors of 12a 2b ----------(22 ∙ 3)(a 2)(b)

1
The GCF of 10a and 12a 2b is ------(2 )(a) or 2a

c. -8 x 2y and 16xy
Solution:
Write the factors of -8 x 2y -----------(-1)(23)( x 2)(y)
Write the factors of 16xy ------------(24 )(x)(y)
The GCF of -8 x 2y and 16xy is -----(23)(x)(y) or 8xy

Try it 1
Find the greatest common factor of each pair of polynomials
a. 12a and 36ab b. 6a and 20a 2b

Example 2
Common Monomial Factor

Factor completely.
a. 3x + 6 ---------Find the GCF of each term.
3x ---- (3)(x)
6 -----(3)(2)
The GCF is 3. Use GCF to rewrite polynomial.
3x + 6 = 3(x) + 3(2)
=3(x + 2) (Use the distributive property)
So, 3x + 6 = 3(x +2).

b. 12a 2 b 4 - 16a 3 b 2 + 20a 5 b 3


Find the GCF of the term.
12a 2 b 4 = (22)(3)(a 2)(b 4)
16a 3 b 2= (24 )(a 3)(b 2)
20a 5 b 3 = (22)(5)(a 5)(b 3)
The GCF is 22(a 2)(b 2) or 4a 2 b2
So, 12a 2 b 4 - 16a 3 b 2 + 20a 5 b 3 = 4a 2 b2 (3b 2 - 4a + 5a 3b)

Try it 2
Factor completely.
a. 5x + 10 b. 3 x 2 + 3x

2
Lesson 2: Difference of Two Squares
Difference of two squares

If x and y are real numbers, variables, or algebraic expression, then


x 2 - y 2 = (x + y)(x-y).
In words: The difference of the squares of two terms is the product of the sum and difference of those
terms.

Note: For a variable to be a perfect square, it must be raised to an even power.

Example 1
Factoring the Difference of Two Squares

Factor each completely.


a. 4a 2 – 49 = (2a ¿ ¿2 - (7¿2 = (2a + 7)(2a – 7)

x 2 - y 2 = (x + y) (x-y)

b. 9 x 2 - 25 y 4 = (3 x ¿ ¿ 2 - (5 y 2 ¿ ¿2 = (3x + 5 y 2)( 3x - 5 y 2 ¿

x2 - y2 = (x + y) (x-y)

Try it 1
Factor each completely.

a. 9a 2 – 49 b. 64 x 2−25

Example 2
Factoring the Difference of Two Squares

Factor each completely.


a. 20 x 3 - 5x = 5x( 4 x 2−1 ¿ Factor out 5x, the GCF.
= 5x[(2 x ¿ ¿ 2 - 12 ¿ Express the second factor as the difference of two squares.
= 5x(2x + 1)(2x – 1) The factors are the sum and difference of the squared terms.

b. 112 - 175m 4 = 7(16 - 25m 4 ) Factor out 7, the GCF.


= 7[4 2 – (5m 2 ¿ 2] Express the second factor as the difference of two squares.
2 2
= 7(4 + 5m )(4 - 5m ) The factors are the sum and difference of the squared terms.

Note: To factor completely means to factor until factoring is no longer possible.

Try it 2
Factor each completely.

a. 28 x 3 – 7x b. 128 – 200m 4

3
Lesson 3: Sum and Difference of Two Cubes
Sum and Difference of Two Cubes
Let x and y be a real numbers, variables, or algebraic expressions.

Factoring Sum of Two Cubes


x 3+ y 3 = (x + y)( x 2−¿ xy + y 2)

Factoring Difference of Two Cubes


x 3− y 3 = (x −¿ y)( x 2 + xy + y 2)

Note: Refer to the E-Math book , page 19,for more examples and explanations.

Example 1
Factoring the Sum/Difference of Two Cubes

Factor each completely.


a. a 3 + 64 = can be written as: a 3 + 4 3= (a + 4) (a 2 - 4a + 4 2)
= (a + 4) (a 2 - 4a + 16)

x 3+ y 3 = (x + y)( x 2 - xy + y 2)

Check: (a + 4) (a 2 - 4a + 16) = (a + 4)(a 2) - (a + 4)(4a) + (a + 4)(16)


= a 3 + 4a 2 - 4a 2 - 16a + 16a + 64
= a 3 + 64

b. 27c 3 - d 3 = can be written as: (3c¿3 - d 3= (3c – d)[(3c¿2 + (3c)d + d 2


= (3c – d)(9c 2 + 3cd + d 2)

x 3− y 3 = (x −¿ y) ( x 2 + xy + y 2)

Try it 1
Factor each completely.

a. a 3 + 27 b. 64e 3 - d 3

Assignment: Answer your book on page 21, Practice and Application test I B (10-14).

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