FISICOQUÍMICA I

ESTUDIANTES:
- De Hoyos Cordero Linda Rosa
- Enamorado Estévez Oscar Daniel
- Fuentes Ceballos Norelys
- Fuentes Ramírez Edi Manuel
- Fuentes Urango Valentina
- Gazabon Pastrana Jhon Erik
- Germán Ortega Martín Elías
- Galván López Katty Melissa

DOCENTE
Manuel Silvestre Páez Meza

UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA
Facultad de ciencias básicas
Departamento de química

AÑO
2021
 UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBA.
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BASICAS
PROGRAMA DE QUIMICA.
TALLER N°2 DE FISICOQUIMICA I.
Profesor: Manuel Páez.

1. A 0.5 mole of gas at temperature 300 K expands isothermally from an initial volume of 2
L to 6 L
(a) What is the work done by the gas?
(b) Estimate the heat added to the gas?
(c) What is the final pressure of the gas? (The value of gas constant, R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1)

b) From the first law of thermodynamics, in an isothermal process the supplied heat is
expended to do the work. Therefore, Q = W = 1.369 kJ. Therefore, Q is also positive, which
implies that heat flows into the system.
c) PyoVyo = PfVf = µRT

2. The following PV curve shows two isothermal processes for two different temperatures
and. Identify the higher temperature of these two.
ANSWER:

As they are isothermal processes, it is possible to speak of changes in pressure or volume,

without presenting changes in temperature, therefore speed in the information provided by
the question, it is not possible to speak of a higher temperature, however, to speak of the heat
supplied in the system, so that its temperature has not dropped, it is emphasized that since
there is no change in temperature, the kinetic energy will not present changes, therefore the
internal energy of the system will not show variations either, then by not If there are changes
in the internal energy, this would be equal to zero, keeping in mind the equation (∆U = Q -
W) Q will be equal to W, in this case the heat supplied in the system is due to the work done
by the system, which is given by the following integral:

3. We often have the experience of pumping air into bicycle tyre using hand pump. Consider
the air inside the pump as a thermodynamic system having volume V at atmospheric pressure
and room temperature, 27°C. Assume that the nozzle of the tyre is blocked and you push the
pump to a volume ¼ of V. Calculate the final temperature of air in the pump? (For air , since
the nozzle is blocked air will not flow into tyre and it can be treated as an adiabatic
compression).

ANSWER:
Here, the process is adiabatic compression. The volume is given and temperature is to be
found. We can use the equation.
This temperature is higher than the boiling point of water. So it is very dangerous to touch
the nozzle of blocked pump when you pump air.

4. The following graph shows a V-T graph for isobaric processes at two different pressures.
Identify which one occurs at higher pressure.

ANSWER:
In the graph we can observe two situations at different pressures, as the process is isobaric,
the pressure in both cases remains constant throughout the process, which leads to say that
the process at P1 occurs at higher pressure based on Charles's Law and that at higher
temperature and lower volume the pressure is higher than in P2, where the volume is higher
and the temperature lower with respect to P1, then the higher the volume and the lower the
temperature, the lower the pressure exerted by the gas.

5. One mole of an ideal gas initially kept in a cylinder at pressure 1 MPa and temperature
27°C is made to expand until its volume is doubled.

(a) How much work is done if the expansion is (i) adiabatic (ii) isobaric (iii) isothermal?
(b) Identify the processes in which change in internal energy is least and is maximum.
(c) Show each process on a PV diagram.
(d) Name the processes in which the heat
(Take γ = 5/3 and R=8.3 J mol-1 K-1)

ANSWER:
(a) (i) In an adiabatic process, the work done by the system is

To find the final temperature T f, we can use the adiabatic equation of state.
ii) In an isobaric process, the work done by the system W = P ∆V = P (V f - V i) y V f = 2 V
i So W = 2 PV i To find Vi , we can use the ideal gas law for the initial state. P yo V yo =
RT yo

The work done during the isobaric process, W = 2 × 106 × 24,9 × 10−4 = 4,9 kJ
(iii) In an isothermal process, the work done by the system,

In an isothermal process, the initial ambient temperature is constant. W = 1 × 8,3 × 300 × ln

(2) = 1,7 kJ
(b) Comparing the three processes, we see that the work done in the isobaric process is the
greatest and the work done in the adiabatic process is the least.
(c) The PV diagram is shown in Figure.

The area under the curve AB = Work done during the isobaric process
The area under the curve AC = Work done during the isothermal process
The area under the curve AD = Work done during the adiabatic process
In the PV diagram, the area under the AB curve is greater, which implies that the work done
in the isobaric process is greater and the work done in the adiabatic process is less.
(d) In an adiabatic process, no heat enters the system or leaves the system. In an isobaric
process, the work done is more, so the heat supplied should be more compared to an
isothermal process.

6. 500 g of water is heated from 30°C to 60°C. Ignoring the slight expansion of water,
calculate the change in internal energy of the water? (specific heat of water 4184 J/kg.K)
ANSWER:

7. The PV diagrams for a thermodynamical system is given in the figure below. Calculate
the total work done in each of the cyclic processes shown.

ANSWER:
In case (a) the closed curve is counterclockwise. Therefore, the net work done is negative,
which implies that the work done in the system is greater than the work done by the system.
The area under the BC curve will give the work done on the gas (isobaric compression) and
the area under the DA curve (work done by the system) will give the total work done by the
system.

Area under the curve BC = Area of the rectangle BC12 = 1 × 4 = - 4J Area under the curve
DA = 1 × 2 = + 2J Net work done in cyclical process = −4 + 2 = −2J

Algunas aplicaciones de la primera ley de la termodinámica

8. Un mol de un gas ideal realiza 3000 J de trabajo sobre su entor- cuando se expande de
manera isotérmica a una presión final 1.00 atril y volumen de 25.0 L. Determine (a) el
volumen ini- y (b) la temperatura del gas.
SOLUCIÓN:

9. Un bloque de 1 kg de aluminio se caliente a presión atmosférica de modo que su

temperatura aumenta de 22°C a 40°C. Encuentre (a) el trabajo realizado sobre el aluminio,
(b) la energía agregada a él por calor, y (c) el cambio en su energía interna.

SOLUCIÓN:
a) 𝑊 = −𝑃∆𝑉 = −𝑃[3𝑎𝑉∆𝑇]

103 𝑁 1𝐾𝑔
= − (1.013 × ) [3(24.0 × 10−6 ℃−1 ) ( ) (18.0℃)]
𝑚2 103 𝐾𝑔
2.70 ×
𝑚3
𝑊 = −48.6𝑚𝐽

900𝐽
b) 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑚∆𝑇 = ( 𝐾𝑔 ℃) (1𝐾𝑔)(18.0℃) = 16.2𝐾𝐽
c) ∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝑄 + 𝑊 = 16.2𝐾𝐽 − 48.6𝑚𝐽 = 16.2𝐾𝐽

10. Un gas ideal inicialmente a P;. Vi y Ti se lleva por un ciclo como \se ve en la figura
P20.38. (a) Encuentre el trabajo neto realizado sobre el gas por ciclo. (b) ¿Cuál es la
energía neta agregada por calor al sistema por ciclo? (c) Obtenga un valor numérico para
el trabajo neto realizado por ciclo para 1 mol de gas inicialmente a 0°C
SOLUCIÓN:
a) El trabajo realizado durante cada paso del ciclo es igual al negativo del área bajo ese
segmento de la curva PV.
𝑊 = 𝑊𝐷𝐴 + 𝑊𝐴𝐵 + 𝑊𝐵𝐶 + 𝑊𝐶𝐷
𝑊 = −𝑃𝑖 (𝑉𝑖 − 3𝑉𝑖 ) + 0 − 3𝑃𝑖 (3𝑉𝑖 − 𝑉𝑖 ) + 0 = −4𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖
b) Por tanto, los valores inicial y final de T para el sistema son iguales
∆𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 0 𝑦 𝑄 = −𝑊 = 4𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖

c) 𝑊 = −4𝑃𝑖 𝑉𝑖 = −4𝑛𝑅𝑇𝑖 = −4(1)(8.314)(273) = −9.08𝐾𝐽