Department of Electrical Engineering

Electrical Machines
4 ( 3 +
Credit & +
48 48 Course Code: EE02349
Contact Hours: 1 )
Course Level:  UG  PG Prerequisite(s): EE01104 Linear Circuit Analysis
 Humanities  Computing
and Social
 Foundation
Sciences
Course  Non-  Core
 Management  Engineering
Category: Engineering
Sciences  Elective
 Natural  Interdisciplinary Engineering
Sciences Elective
Semester Specific Information:
Semester: Winter 2020 Lab Instructor: M. Umer Arshad
Instructor: Engr. M. Umer Arshad Instructor Email: [email protected]
Mon: 11:00 – 13:00, EE-103 Instructor Office: EE-409
Mon: 14:00 – 15:00, EE-103
Schedule:
Tue: 08:00 – 10:00, EE-103
Visiting Hours: Mon – Fri: 09:00 – 11:00 AM
Fri: 11:00 – 12:00, EE-204
Textbook(s):
1. Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 5th Edition, Stephen J. Chapman, McGraw-Hill International
Reference Book(s):
1. Electric Machinery, 6th Edition, A.E. Fitzgerald, McGraw-Hill International Edition
2. Electric Machines Theory, Operation, Application, Adjustment and Control, 2nd Edition, Charles I. Hubert
Grading Policy:
Grade A A– B+ B C+ C D+ D F
50%–
% Marks ≥85% 80%–84% 75%–79% 70%–74% 65%–69% 60%–64% 55%–59% <50%
54%
Assessment Tools:
Assessment Tool Weightage Comments
Assignments 10%
Quizzes 10%
Lab 20%
Mid–Term Exam 20%
Final Exam 40%
Course Description:
This course is intended to provide a basic introduction to the theory of magnetic circuits linked with operation and
characteristics of the transformers and rotating electrical machines. In depth analysis of DC machines’
characteristics and related problem solving will be carried out. The principles of electromechanical energy
conversion will be discussed in the context of three-phase induction motors, synchronous and DC machines along
with their in-depth analysis and characteristics. The analysis of Induction Motors will be carried out for different
characteristics. Introduction of MATLAB will also be done to represent different loading capability curves of
different machines.

Main Topics to be Covered:

 Magnetic Circuits
 Linear DC Machines
 DC Machinery Fundamentals and design of armature windings.
 Commutation, Problems in commutation and Power Losses:
 Separately excited and shunt DC motors and their speed control
 Series and compound DC motors and their speed control
 DC generators
 Transformers: Construction, operation and types.

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 Equivalent circuit and voltage regulation of transformers

 Auto and three phase transformers
 AC fundamentals and synchronous generators
 Equivalent circuit and Power/Torque in synchronous generators
 Governor/Field Excitation Control & Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators.
 Synchronous motors and their starting problems
 Induction motor and its Power & Torque characteristics
Course Learning Outcomes:
After successful completion of the course, a student should be able to:
Taxonomy Mapped
CLO # CLO Description Domain
Level PLO
Apply the concepts of magnetic fields to understand the
mechanism by which energy is converted from one form to
CLO1 Cognitive 3 PLO1
another in Linear DC Machine, operation of magnetic
circuits and operation fundamentals of DC & AC Machines.
Employ the understanding of construction, induced voltages
& torque characteristics, speed & terminal voltage control,
construction topologies (1-phase & 3-phase), specialized
CLO2 operational requirements (commutation, self-start), of DC Cognitive 3 PLO1
(Separately-Excited, Shunt, Series, Permanent Magnet,
Compounded) & AC (Transformers, Synchronous &
Induction) machines
Determine various electrical, mechanical and performance
parameters, and operational states of DC (Separately-Excited,
CLO3 Shunt, Series, Permanent Magnet, Compounded) & AC Cognitive 3 PLO1
(Transformers, Synchronous & Induction) machines using
mathematical calculations
Evaluate the certain behaviour(s) of electric machines using
CLO4 Cognitive 5 PLO4
the experimental setup / MATLab simulation.
Build an experimental setup to demonstrate certain
behavior(s) of electrical machines while making appropriate
CLO5 Psychomotor 4 PLO5
adjustments in the setup to produce desired results and fixing
any problems during execution.
Assess the relevant EHS rules to comply with during the
CLO6 Affective 4 PLO6
conduct of particular lab experiment.

Mapping of Course and Program Learning Outcomes:

Design/Development of Solutions

Environment and Sustainability

Individual and Teamwork

Engineering Knowledge

Communication Skills
Engineer and Society

Project Management
Modern Tool Usage

Lifelong Learning
Problem Analysis

Investigation

Ethics

PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO PLO

PLO5 PLO6 PLO7 PLO 9
1 2 3 4 8 10 11 12
CLO1            
CLO2            

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CLO3            
CLO4            
CLO5            
CLO6 
Lecture Plan:
Session Course Topics Book Reference Mapped
# CLO(s)
1 Fundamental Concepts: Rotational Laws and power
Ch. 1 (Chapman) CLO 1
relationship, basic principles of magnetic field
2 Magnetic Circuits: Magnetic circuits, magnetic behavior of
Ch. 1 (Chapman) CLO 1
ferromagnetic materials and energy losses in ferromagnetic core.
3 Linear DC Machines: Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic
Ch. 1 (Chapman) CLO 1
induction, force and voltage induction on a loop,
4 Linear DC Machines: Starting of linear dc machine, operation
as motor and generator and effect of load and flux change in Ch. 1 (Chapman) CLO 1
linear dc machine.
5 DC Machine Fundamentals: Construction and operation of
real DC machine as motor and generator Commutation in real CLO 1
Ch. 7 (Chapman)
machines.
6 Design of Armature Winding: Pitch factor, pole pitch,
commutator pitch, multiplex of the winding, progressive and
retrogressive winding, full pitch and fractional pitch winding, Ch. 7 (Chapman) CLO 1
design and characteristics lap and wave winding, derivation of
induce voltage equation.
7 Problems in Commutation Process: Concept of magnetic
neutral plane, placement of carbon brushes, armature reactions Ch. 7 (Chapman) CLO 1
and its causes, effect and solution.
8 Power Flow and Losses in Read DC Machines: Power flow
diagram of dc motor and generator, efficiency and losses Ch. 7 (Chapman) CLO 1
calculation at different load conditions.
9 DC Motors: Construction and operation, types and terminal
Ch. 8 (Chapman) CLO 2
characteristics of separately and dc shunt motor.
10 Speed Control: Base speed, speed control through armature
voltage and field current control, effect of open field and Ch. 8 (Chapman) CLO 2
permanent magnetic motor.
11 DC Motors: Construction and operation, types and terminal
characteristics and speed control of DC series and compound Ch. 8 (Chapman) CLO 2
motor.
12 DC Generators: Construction and operation, types and terminal
Ch. 8 (Chapman) CLO 2
characteristics of Separately and Shunt DC motor.
13 DC Generators: Voltage build-up process, Causes of voltage
build-up failure, construction and operation, types and terminal Ch. 8 (Chapman) CLO 2
characteristics of dc shunt, series and compound generator.
14 Transformers: Construction and basic operation of transformer,
ideal and real transformer, types of transformer with respect to
construction, types of transformer according to application. Ideal Ch. 2 (Chapman) CLO 3
Transformer. Dot convention and impedance transformation,
Current ratio of real transformer and dot convention.
15 Equivalent Circuit: Exact and approximate equivalent circuit
of transformer referred to low and high voltage sides, open and
Ch. 2 (Chapman) CLO 3
short circuit tests to determine the equivalent circuits
parameters.
16 Mid Term Exam
17 Voltage Regulation: Voltage regulation for different load Ch. 2 (Chapman) CLO 3
condition (unity, lagging and leading power factor) using phasor

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diagrams. Determination of losses and efficiency under various

load conditions
18 Auto-Transformer: Construction and basic operation, current
and voltage relationship, apparent power ratting advantage of Ch. 2 (Chapman) CLO 3
auto transformer.
19 Three phase transformer: Construction and operation,
Ch. 2 (Chapman) CLO 3
different types of connection along with their characteristics.
20 AC fundamentals: Power factor. Single loop rotating in
magnetic field. Concept of rotating magnetic field and flux Ch. 1, 3 (Chapman) CLO 1
distribution in real AC machine.
21 Behaviour of Read AC Machines: Induced voltages in real AC
Ch. 3 (Chapman) CLO 1
Machines, Power losses in real AC Machines
22 Synchronous Generator: Basic construction and operation,
type of prime movers, brushless excitation techniques.
Ch. 4 (Chapman)
Equivalent circuit of synchronous generator. Phasor Diagrams. CLO 4
Variation in terminal voltages due load changes with the help of
phasor diagram.
23 Synchronous Generator Test & Power and Torque: Test to
determine the equivalent circuit parameters. Power and torque at Ch. 4 (Chapman)
CLO 4
different power factor using phasor diagram. Derivation of
power expression with and without armature resistance.
24 Governor and Field Excitation Control: Effect of load change
on synchronous generator with the help of phasor diagram, Ch. 4 (Chapman)
CLO 4
working of synchronous generator alone, parallel with same SG
and parallel to large power system.
25 Synchronous Generator Characteristics: Active power-
Ch. 4 (Chapman)
frequency, reactive power-voltage characteristics. Effect of load
CLO 4
change keeping field excitation constant, and effect of flux
control keeping throttle constant.
26 Parallel Operation of Synchronous Generators with Same
Ch. 4 (Chapman)
Size: Parallel operation without affecting power sharing, system CLO 4
frequency, terminal voltage and reactive power.
27 Synchronous Motors: Construction and operation of
synchronous motor, equivalent circuit of synchronous motor, Ch. 5 (Chapman)
torque and speed characteristics of synchronous motor. Effect of CLO 4
load and flux change on synchronous motor. Application in
power factor correction.
28 Synchronous Motors: Problem of pulsating torque and starting
issues. Starting with external prim over, reduce stator frequency, Ch. 5 (Chapman)
CLO 4
with damper winding. Comparison of synchronous motor with
induction motor.
29 Induction Motor: Construction and operation of induction
motor, types of rotors (wound and squirrel cage). Concept of Ch. 6 (Chapman) CLO 4
slip, slip speed and rotor frequency..
30 Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor: Equivalent circuit of
induction motor, effect of slip in rotor circuit, and final
Ch. 6 (Chapman) CLO 4
equivalent circuit. Power flow diagram and power loss
calculation in induction motor.
31 Induced Torque of Induction Motor: Induction of induce
torque by considering the physical standpoint. Determination of
Ch. 6 (Chapman) CLO 4
thevenin voltage and impedance to find rotor current for induce
torque derivation.
32 Induction Motor Characteristics: Control in torque-speed
characteristics with rotor resistance control. Design of cage rotor Ch. 6 (Chapman) CLO 4
to control of torque-speed characteristics.

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List of Lab Experiments:

Lab # Lab Title Mapped CLO(s)
1 To Calculate the Power consumed in an Inductive Load by using one Voltmeter & CLO 4, 5, 6
Ammeter method
2 To Study the Essential Parts of a DC Machine and their Function CLO 4
3 To Control the Speed of Shunt DC Motor CLO 4, 5, 6
4 To Control the Speed of Series DC Motor CLO 4, 5, 6
5 To Study the Load Characteristics of a DC Series Generator CLO 4, 5, 6

6 To Study the Load Characteristics of a Separately-Excited D.C. Generator CLO 4, 5, 6

7 Determine the Magnetic Characteristics of a Separately-Excited DC Generator CLO 4, 5, 6

8 To find the Voltage Regulation of a Single-Phase Transformer CLO 4, 5, 6
9 To make various Three-Phase Transformer Connections CLO 4, 5, 6
10 Open Circuit Test to determine the values of Excitation Branch of Transformer CLO 4, 5, 6
11 Short Circuit Test to determine the values of Series Branch of Transformer CLO 4, 5, 6
12 Determination of the Phase Resistance, Mechanical & Core Losses of an Alternator CLO 4, 5, 6
13 Determination of the Open-Circuit Magnetization Characteristics of an Alternator CLO 4, 5, 6
14 Determination of the Short-Circuit Magnetization Characteristics of an Alternator CLO 4, 5, 6
15 Simulation of AC Power in AC Circuits CLO 4, 5

16 Simulation of DC Shunt Motor CLO 4, 5

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