SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject : Mathematics Grade : 9 Quarter : 2 Week : 1

MELC : The learner illustrates situations that involve the Competency Code: M9AL- IIa-1
following variations : ( a ) direct ( b ) inverse ( c ) joint and combined.

Name : ____________________________________________ Section :_____________ Date: _________

School : ____________________________________________ District: ____________________________

I. Readings/Discussions

This topic deals with specific types of relationships between variables. When two variables vary directly, one
increases when the other increases and decreases when the other decreases. The amount you pay in T-shirts
depends upon the number of pieces. As the number of t-shits increases , the amount to be paid is also increases.
The volume increases as the size of the container increases. To describe these relationships among variables we
use a language known as variation.

A. Direct Variation
A direct variation is a function which occurs between two quantities where one increases as the other
increases in value, conversely, one quantity decreases as the other decreases. It can also be defined as a function
in which the ratio between a number y of the range and the corresponding number x of the domain is constant;
that is , y / x = k or y = kx for x ≠ 0. k is the constant of proportionality or the constant of variation.
“ y varies directly as x”
“ y is directly proportional to x”
“ y is proportional to x “
Examples :
1. The cost C of mangoes varies directly as its weight w in kilogram.
Answer: C = kw
2. The weight w of an object is directly proportional to its mass m.
Answer: w = km
3. The distance D travelled by a car varies directly as its speed s.
Answer: D = ks

B. Inverse Variation
Jose drives his motorcycle at an average speed of 40 km/hr. from his home to the office where he works. Due
to traffic , he drives at an average speed of 30 km/hr from the office which is 50 km. away from the office.
The distance from the office to his home and the distance from home to his office is constant. The time he
travels depends upon his rate.
An inverse variation is a relationship which occurs between two variables which occurs between two variables
x and y when y decreases as x increases or when y increases as x decreases. It takes the form y = k/x or xy =k,
k≠0
Examples:
1. The length ( l ) of rectangles of fixed area is inversely proportional to the width ( w ).
Answer : lw = k or l = k / w
2. The number of workers (n) needed to do a job varies inversely as the number of days (d ) to finish the
job. Answer: nd = k or n = k/d
3. The rate ( r ) at which a person types a certain manuscript varies inversely as the time ( t ) spent in
typing. Answer: rt = k or r = k/t

C. Joint Variation
One variable depends on several other variables. The distance d covered by a moving object is given by the
formula d = rt, where r is the rate and t is the time. The relation between distance, rate and time is known as joint
variation . We say distance varies jointly as rate and time.

1
 A joint variation occurs when a variable z varies directly as the product of the variables x and y. We say z
varies jointly as x and y if x = kxy where k, the constant of variation , is not zero.
Examples:
1. The area ( A ) of a triangle varies jointly as its base ( b ) and altitude ( h ). Answer : A = kbh
2. The temperature ( T ) of a gas varies jointly as the volume ( v ) and the pressure ( p ).
Answer: T = kvp
3. The force F applied to an object varies jointly as the mass m and the acceleration a.
Answer : F = kma

D. Combined Variation
This variation describes a situation where a variable depends on two or more other variables. A kind of
variation that involves both the direct and inverse variation.
The statement “ z varies directly as x and inversely as y “ means

z = kx/y or k = zy/ x , where k is the constant of variation.

Examples:
1. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as its volume V.
Answer: P = kt/V
2. B varies directly as the square of c and inversely as d.
Answer: B = kc²/d
3. N varies jointly as g and the square of h and inversely as m.
Answer: N = kgh²/m
These are the following laws of variation:
y = kx y varies directly as x.
y = k/x or k = xy y varies inversely as x.
y = kxz y varies jointly as x and z.
y = kx/z y varies diectly as x and inversely as z .

II. Exercises
Exercise1
Directions: Write an equation for the following statements.
1. The volume V of a cylinder varies directly as its height h.
2. The weight W of an object is directly proportional to its mass m.
3. The rate r at which a person types a certain manuscript varies inversely as the time t spent in typing.
4. The area A of a triangle varies jointly as the base b and the altitude h.
5. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as its volume V.

Exercise 2
Directions: The table below shows the distance the driver has travelled at a particular length of time.

Time ( hr. ) 1 2 3 4 5

Distance ( km. ) 60 120 180 240 300

2
 Questions:
1. What happens to the distance as the length of time increases?
2. Using this pattern, how many kilometers would he have travelled in 10½ hours ?
3. How will you able to find the distance ( without the aid of the table)? Write a mathematical statement to
represent the relation.
4. What mathematical operation did you apply in this case? Is there a constant number involved? Explain
the process that you have discovered.

III. Assessment/Application /Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)
A. Directions: Read and analyze each problem carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer
from the choices.
1. Which of the following mathematical statements is an example of combined variation, where k is the constant
of variation?

A. Y = kab² B. Y = kab²/c C.Y = kb² D. k = a/b

2. If x varies directly as y and inversely as r, then which of the following equations describes the relation among
the three variables x, y and r?
A. x = ky /r B. r = ky/x C. x = kr /y D. x = y /r
3. What is the constant of variation in the equation n = 8x?
A. x B. n C.8 D. 8x

4. The electric power P varies jointly as the resistance R and the square of the current I can be written as

A. P = RI² B. P = RI C. P = I/R D. P = kRI²

5. What happen to D when R is doubled in the equation D = 10R?

A. D is tripled B. D is doubled C. D becomes zero D. D is halved

6. The number of cake slices c varies inversely as the number of persons n sharing the a whole cake, can be
written as
A. c = kn B. k = c/n C. c= k/n D. n = kc
7. Z varies directly as the square of w and inversely as h can be translated as

A. Z = w/h B. z = kw²/h C.Z = kwh D. z = kwh²

8. The area A of a parallelogram varies jointly as the base b and altitude h.

A. A = kbh B. B = kh/A C.A = bh D. A = kh/b

9. The income ( I ) of a dressmaker earning k pesos per hour varies directly as the number of hours ( h ) she
works.

A. H = k I B. I = h/k C.I = kh D. I = k/h

10. The bus travels a distance of d km in t hours. The formula that relates d to t is d = kt. What kind of variation
is it?

A. Joint B. Direct C. Inverse D. Combined

3
 B. Translate each statement into mathematical sentence. Use k as the constant of variation.
1. A varies directly as b.
2. P varies jointly as s and t.
3. The electrical voltage V varies jointly as the current I and the resistance R.
4. The mass m of an object varies inversely as the acceleration due to gravity g.
5. The pressure P of a gas varies directly as its temperature t and inversely as its volume V.

IV. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

A. In each of the following, y varies directly as x. Find the values as indicated.
1. If y = -18, when x = 9, find y when x = 7.
2. If y = 12 when x = 4, find y when x = 12.
3. If y = 20, when x = 4, find x when y = 80.
B . Write an equation where y varies directly as x.
1. y = 28 when x = 7
2. y = 48 when x = 6

References:
1. “Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 9”. pp. 187-218.
2. “ Intermedite Algebra “ by Dillao, Soledad Jose. pp. 100 - 115.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

PATRICIA P. SITON PAMELA A. RODEMIO

Teacher III EPS in Mathematics
Mantalongon National High School Division of Cebu Province

---------------------------------------------------------
GUIDE

For the Teacher: Advise the students to read the reading and discussion portion before they attempt to
answer the practice exercises. Going through the parts sequentially will help them understand easily the topic.

For the Learner: Read through the self-learning home task from the first part to the last part. Doing so, will
help you understand better the topic.

For the Parent/Home Tutor: Assist your child and make sure that he/she reads the self-learning home task
from beginning to end to ensure proper understanding of the concepts.