LEARNING MODULE

Prepared by:

MR. RUEL B. PAPIO

Professor

INTRODUCTION

1
Networks are everywhere—or so it seems. You can hardly do anything with data that
does not involve a network. Like the human networks that we are all part of, computer
networks let us share information and resources. In business, the reliance on networks
is even more pervasive than in homes or schools. Networks help individuals and
businesses alike save money, but they also help create income. Without a doubt,
networking within the home will catch on over the next few years as it has in business.
Soon, nearly all individuals in even moderately developed nations will have networked
components throughout their homes. Those that don’t will be netologically
disadvantaged because they will not be able to learn or to function at the same level as
those who are networked.

In this chapter, you’ll begin by relating networks to situations and concepts you already
know. Once you have a basic understanding of what networks are and what they can
do, it helps if you can actually begin working with them. In fact, it is so helpful to learn
the ropes of networking through hands-on guided practice that that’s what is planned for
you here. You will play the role of an employee in a fictional company, and you’ll have to
learn on the job. The more you become the person, the more you will learn about the
need for and operation of computer networks.

2
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Module Title Page

1 NETWORK POWER CYCLE DEVICES 4

2 STATIC IP/SUBNET ADDRESSING 48

3 CROSSOVER AND STRAIGHT-THROUGH CABLE 58

4 BUILDING DHCP SERVER 70

5 SWITCH TO SWITCH AND ROUTERS 80

6 WIRELESS ROUTER CONFIGURATIONS 98

7 BUILDING DNS AND WEB SERVER 127

8 BUILDING EMAIL AND FTP SERVER 139

3
Module 1: NETWORK POWER CYCLE DEVICES

A. Introduction:

Network standards improve the interoperability of different network-enabled devices and

provide backward compatibility between product revisions and differing vendors. Official
bodies that publish regulated standards are the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

It would be impossible to build networks and connect network-enabled devices reliably

without network standards.

B. Objectives:

At the end of this module, the student should be able to:

1. be able to describe the common networking;

2. devices and their functionality;
3. including: Repeaters Hubs Switches Bridges Routers;

C. Learning Content:

● The active device and functionality

D. Pre-test:

1. What is a router? Write the internet function of the router in the network?
2. What do you think are the steps of configuration of a router?

E. Learning Activities:

Most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity

and functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and
identifying the functions they perform are essential skills for any network
administrator and requirements for a Network+ candidate.

This module introduces commonly used networking devices, and, although

it is true that you are not likely to encounter all of the devices mentioned in
This module on the exam, you can be assured of working with at least some
of them.

4
Repeater

Physical View

Logical View

A repeater is a two-port device that repeats network signals. Repeaters are used when
network devices are some distance from each other. The repeater doesn't modify or
interpret data packets before it resends them, and it doesn't amplify the signal. Instead,
it regenerates the data packet at the original strength, bit by bit.

Bridge

Physical View

Logical View

5
A bridge divides a network into network segments and can filter and forward data
packets between these segments. Bridges use the network device's MAC address to
decide the data package's destination. Typically, a bridge is used to improve network
performance by reducing unnecessary network traffic on network segments.

Hub

Physical View

Logical View

A hub acts as a multiport repeater on a network. Hubs are used to connect more than
one device and structure the layout of a network. For example, you can cascade hubs
to create network branches or as an endpoint to create a star layout with multiple user
type devices. Hubs contain multiple ports that act as an input/output Ethernet
connection between the hub and a network device. A hub can operate at only one
speed, which is the speed of the slowest network device on the network. It doesn't
interpret or filter data packets and sends copies of each data packet to all attached
devices.

Types of hubs

6
 ● Fast Ethernet: This hub is used for 100-Mbps networks and comes as Class I
and Class II type hubs. The primary difference between the two is the amount of
delay in data transmission. A Class I hub introduces a signal delay of up to
140-bit times. A Class II hub has a delay of up to 96-bit times. The delay allows
for the transcoding of data between different base types. Only two Class II hubs
can be used in a hub-based network. Class II hubs increase the likelihood of
packet collisions because of their higher speeds.
● Dual speed: With a traditional hub network, the speed of the network was
governed by the slowest network device attached. For example, if you had
10-Mbps and 100-Mbps devices connected to a network, the speed of the whole
network was only 10 Mbps. Dual-speed hubs solve the problem by acting as a
bridge between the two different-speed devices.

Hubs are used for small ad-hoc networks of a few devices, but they're rarely used at an
enterprise level.

Switch

Physical View

Logical View

A switch combines the functionality of a bridge and a hub. It segments networks and
can interpret and filter packet data to send it directly to an attached network device.
Switches use the network device's MAC address to decide the data package's
destination. A switch operates in full-duplex mode, which means it can send and receive
data to and from network devices at the same time.

Router

Physical view

7
Logical View

Routers link networks with different ranged addresses together. They can interpret and
filter data packets, and then forward them to the correct network. Routers use the
network device's IP address information to route the data package to its destination.
Most routers can now detect issues with data traffic that flows to any attached network
and route or reroute it around the issue. A router is also called a gateway. When you
configure network devices, you'll usually configure it with a default gateway IP address.

Interconnectivity

Routers in an interconnected network maintain a routing table that lists the preferred
route between each of the networks. The router acts as the start of authority for all the
network devices on its network. Routing information is shared between routers by using
a routing protocol like the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).

Types

The majority of routers use the BGP to share routing information. The type of
information shared depends on the usage of the router and the functions they use.

There are several distinct classifications or types of routers available to service different
network needs.

● Access routers: Typically used in a home or small satellite offices, these routers
tend to be low-cost devices with a simple routing need.
● Distribution routers: These routers compile traffic routing data from multiple
routers. Distribution routers come with more significant memory and processing
power. This type of router is designed to hold vast quantities of routing

8
 information. It's often used to manage and control the quality of service across a
WAN.
● Edge routers: An edge router operates at the boundary between your network
and other networks, for example, your local network and the internet. They act as
gateways to filter traffic and route it internally or forward it based on the packet
header. An edge router often comes with access control or firewalls to improve
the security. It might also handle DHCP and DNS services.
● Core routers: Sometimes called enterprise routers, these routers are designed
for higher bandwidths. They're used to connect different buildings or geographic
locations together. Core routers tend to have fewer features than edge routers
because their primary focus is on minimizing packet loss and preventing
congestion. They tend to do packet forwarding to edge routers.

Wireless router

Physical View

Logical View

This network device provides all the routing capabilities of a regular access router, but it
also offers wireless access point functions. A wireless router or wireless access point is
designed to provide a non-wired connection to your network. Any provision to access
the internet or other networks is handled by an edge router associated with your
network. A wireless router lets you build a different type of network called a wireless
local area network.

A wireless router shouldn't be confused with a wireless modem. A wireless modem is

what you receive from your ISP for your home or office and is the device that converts
the signal from the ISP into one that's usable on a computer network. Wireless modems

9
are typically combined with routers to allow you to create a private home or office
network.

Cisco Packet Tracer Power Cycle Network Device

Cisco Routers

Cisco Switch

Cisco Connections

Cisco End Device

Cisco Wireless Device

Configuring PCs, Laptops, Tablet PCs, and PDAs

You can configure the global settings and interface settings on the PC, laptop, tablet
PC, and PDA end devices with the Config tab. Additionally, the Desktop tab provides
tools to configure IP settings, configure dial-up settings, use a terminal window, open a
host command line interface, open a web browser, configure Linksys wireless settings,
establish a VPN connection, generate PDUs, and issue SNMP requests.

10
Global Settings
In the global settings, you can change the Display Name of the end device. You may set
the end device to either automatically obtain IPv4 or IPv6 configurations with DHCP or
manually set the Gateway and DNS Server with Static. For IPv6, Auto Config will
automatically configure the Gateway and DNS Server IP addresses.

Algorithm Settings
In the Algorithm Settings, you can override the global Algorithm Settings by removing
the checkmark from Global Settings and then setting your own values for the Maximum
Number of Connections, Maximum Number of Opened Sessions, and Maximum
Retransmission Timeout in Milliseconds.

11
Interface Configuration
PCs and laptops support Ethernet (copper or fiber), modem, and wireless interfaces. On
the tablet PC and PDA, only the wireless interface is supported. In general, you can set
the interface Port Status, Bandwidth, Duplex, MAC Address, SSID, IP Address, Subnet
Mask, Link Local Address, and IPv6 Address. These options vary slightly for each
interface type.

IP Configuration Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the IP Configuration icon to bring up the configuration utility. If
the end device is connected to a DHCP configured router or server, you can use DHCP
to automatically obtain the IP configuration by clicking on the DHCP button. Otherwise,
you may use the Static button to manually set the IP configuration.

12
Modem Dial-up Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Dial-up icon to bring up the Dial-up utility. Before you can
access the dial-up utility, the end device must have the modem interface installed. As a
result, only the PC and laptop devices are supported. You can establish a modem
connection by connecting a PC or laptop to a cloud that is connected to a router. The
cloud acts like a phone company between the PC or laptop and the router. Several
conditions must be met before the connection can be successful:

● The router has a modem, and you have established user name
authentication on the router (using the Cisco IOS global configuration mode
command username WORD password LINE).
● The modem ports on the cloud have valid phone numbers.
● You entered the correct user name, password, and number to dial on the
modem utility of the PC or laptop.

13
If all the requirements are met, click the Dial button to make the call. The status line (as
well as link lights) will tell you if the connection is successful. Note that you still must
configure all relevant IP settings manually if you want to ping between the router and
the PC or laptop. Use the Disconnect button to terminate the connection at any time.

Terminal Utility
If the end device is connected to a router or a switch by a console connection (using the
RS 232 port on the PC), use the Terminal application to gain access to the Command
Line Interface (CLI) of the device. In the Desktop tab, click the Terminal icon to bring up
this utility. Choose the appropriate port configuration parameters for the console
session, and then click on the OK button. The Terminal window appears with the CLI of
the device.

14
15
Command Prompt Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Command Prompt button to bring up the command line
utility. At the prompt, you can issue the following commands:

● ?
● arp
● delete
● dir
● ftp
● help
● ipconfig
● netstat
● nslookup
● ping
● snmpget
● snmpgetbulk
● snmpset
● ssh
● telnet
● tracert

16
Web Browser Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Web Browser button to bring up the web browser. The
web browser allows you to access a web server or the Linksys Web Configuration
interface. If the end device is directly or indirectly connected to a server with HTTP
service enabled, you can type in the IP address of the server to access the website on
the server. If the end device is connected to a properly configured DNS server, covered
in another help topic, you can type in the domain name of the server. If the end device is
connected to a Linksys WRT300N wireless router, you can type in the IP address of the
Linksys WRT300N wireless router to access the Linksys Web Configuration. A prompt
will appear asking for user name and password. The default is admin for both user
name and password.

17
PC Wireless Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the PC Wireless button to bring up the wireless client
software. Note that the Linksys-WMP300N wireless hardware module is required for
access so only PCs and laptops are supported. In the Linksys wireless client software,
you can check Link Information to view wireless network status and statistics, Connect
to any available Linksys wireless networks within range, and add/edit/delete Profiles to
connect to wireless routers not broadcasting their SSID.

18
VPN Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the VPN button to bring up the VPN client utility that allows
you to create a VPN connection to a VPN server. To create a VPN connection, enter the
GroupName, Group Key, Host IP (Server IP), Username, Password, and then click
on the Connect button. To disconnect the VPN connection, click on the Disconnect
button.

19
Traffic Generator Utility
The Traffic Generator utility is similar in functionality to the Add Simple PDU and Add
Complex PDU tool in the Common Tools Bar, but with some key differences. First of all,
when you load a save file, packets are not sent automatically by a Traffic Generator.
The Traffic Generator utility must be open to generate traffic, although it can be
minimized. Another key difference is that the Traffic Generator is unable to send
multiple PDUs simultaneously.

Visually, the Traffic Generator is similar to the Add Complex PDU dialog with some
exceptions. Instead of a One Shot parameter, the Traffic Generator has a Single Shot
option. There is no field to enter a time value to send the PDU as the PDU will be sent
the moment you click on the Send button. With the Periodic option, when you click on
the Send button, the Send button will become a Stop button and the dialog will become
gray. The Traffic Generator will then send a PDU at the interval that you entered. If you
want to stop sending PDUs, click on the Stop button or close the utility.

20
PDUs generated by the Traffic Generator are not added to the User Created PDU Window. As
such, if you want to see if the PDUs failed or were successful, you will need to view the PDU's
status in Simulation Mode.

MIB Browser Utility

On the Desktop tab, click the MIB Browser button to issue SNMP requests. This
allows you to retrieve router and switch data or make changes to the devices. To set up
the MIB Browser for SNMP requests, click on the Advanced button and set the
Address, Port, Read Community, and Write Community that is configured on the
router or switch. Then, select the desired SNMP Version and click the OK button. The
next step is to browse through the SNMP MIB tree and select the desired object
instance (OID) for the router or switch. If you want to retrieve data, set Operations to
either Get or Get Bulk and then click on the Go button. The data for the OID will be
shown in the Result Table. If you want to change a writable OID, select Set in the
Operations menu to reveal the SNMP Set dialog. In the SNMP Set dialog, select the

21
appropriate Data Type for the OID, enter a Value, and then click the OK button. Finally,
click on the Go button in the main MIB Browser dialog to set the OID value.

Cisco IP Communicator Utility

On the Desktop tab, click the Cisco IP Communicator button to place or answer a
call. To place a phone call, enter the number of the recipient phone using the keypad
and then click the Dial button. Alternatively, you may click the NewCall button or
Speakerphone button first and then enter the recipient's number. If you accidently enter
an incorrect number, you may click the Cancel button to clear. Once the call has been
placed, a message will indicate that the phone is ringing on the recipient's phone. To
answer a call with the Cisco IP Communicator, click the Answer button. Once the
recipient has answered the call, the status message will indicate that the Cisco IP
Communicator is connected and a green light will show. While the call is still active, click
on the Do, Re, or Mi buttons to send the respective sounds to the recipient. A message
stating that the sound is playing will be displayed in case sound is disabled. To end the

22
call, click the EndCall button. For the best possible experience while making calls, be
sure that Sound is enabled in Preferences.

If you want configure the Cisco IP Communicator to use a different TFTP server from
the default TFTP server, follow these steps. On the upper right-hand corner of the Cisco
IP Communicator GUI, there are four buttons above the words "Cisco IP Phone." Click
on the first button from the left to open a context menu and then select Preferences.
Select the option Use these TFTP Servers: and then enter the IP address of the TFTP
server that you wish to use.

Email Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Email button to bring up the email client. On the first
launch of the email client, you will need to configure the parameters Your Name, Email
Address, Incoming Mail Server, Outgoing Mail Server, User Name, and Password
in order to send and receive email. Once the email client has been configured, you may
Compose, Receive, view, and Delete emails. If you need to change configuration, click
on the Configure Mail button to open the email configuration dialog.

23
PPPoE Dialer Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the PPPoE Dialer button to bring up the PPPoE Dialer utility.
This utility allows you to establish a point-to-point connection to a PPPoE server. To
establish a PPPoE connection, enter the User Name and Password and then click on
the Connect button. To disconnect the PPPoE connection, click on the Disconnect
button.

24
Text Editor Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Text Editor icon to bring up the text editor. You can
create New text files, Open existing text files, and Save text files through the File menu
in the text editor. There are no formatting choices available in the text editor.

25
Configuring Servers

The Config tab offers three general levels of configuration: global, services, and
interface. To configure at the global level, click the GLOBAL button to expand the
Settings button (if it has not already been expanded). To configure services, click the
SERVICES button to expand the list of services, and then choose the service. To
configure an interface, click the INTERFACE button to expand the interface, and then
choose the interface. Additionally, the Desktop tab provides tools to configure IP
settings, open a host command line interface, and generate PDUs.

26
Global Settings
In the global settings, you can change the Display Name of the server. You may set the
server to either automatically obtain IPv4 or IPv6 configurations by selecting the DHCP
button or manually set the Gateway and DNS Server using the Static button. For IPv6,
Auto Config will automatically configure the Gateway and DNS Server IP addresses
and Static allows the data to be manually supplied.

Algorithm Settings
In the Algorithm Settings, you can override the global Algorithm Settings by removing
the checkmark from Global Settings and then setting your own values for the
Maximum Number of Connections, Maximum Number of Opened Sessions, and
Maximum Retransmission Timeout in Milliseconds.

27
HTTP Service Configuration
In the HTTP service configuration, you can edit the included HTML pages such as
index.html, helloworld.html, and image.html using the following supported HTML
tags:

28
● a
● address
● b
● big
● blockquote
● body
● br
● center
● cite
● code
● dd
● dfn
● div
● dl
● dt
● em
● font
● h1
● h2
● h3

● h4
● h5
● h6
● head
● hr
● html
● i
● img
● kbd
● meta
● li
● nobr
● ol
● p
● pre

29
 ● qt
● s
● samp
● small
● span
● strong
● sub
● sup
● table
● tbody
● td
● tfoot
● th
● thead
● title
● tr
● tt
● u
● ul
● var

Additionally, you can also add or remove HTML files from the server. When a PC
accesses an HTML page on the server using the Web Browser, the HTML page will
load in the Web Browser.

30
DHCP Service Configuration
In the DHCP service configuration, you can set up a DHCP server with many different IP
address pools. To add a DHCP pool, enter the Pool Name, Default Gateway, DNS
Server address, Starting IP address to lease, Subnet Mask, and the Maximum
number of Users, then click Add. If you want to make changes to an existing DHCP
pool, select the pool from the list and edit the fields you want to make changes to, and
then click Save. If you want to remove a DHCP IP address pool from the server, select
the pool from the list and click Remove.

The default DHCP pool serverPool cannot be modified or edited.

TFTP Service Configuration

In the TFTP service configuration, there are no parameters to set. The TFTP service
contains a selection of IOS images that can be used to flash routers and switches. If

31
you want to remove an IOS image from the server, select the IOS image from the list
and click Remove.

DNS Service Configuration

In the DNS service configuration, you can set up a DNS server to translate domain
names with different types of resource records, which are basic data elements in the
Domain Name System. Packet Tracer currently supports four different types of resource
records: Address (A), Canonical Name (CNAME), SOA (Start of Authority), and NS
(Name Server). An Address (A) record is the most common type of resource record
where its core functionality is to map a hostname to an IPv4 address. A CNAME record
is used to specify that a domain name is an alias of another, canonical domain name.
An SOA record is used to specify authoritative information about a DNS zone, including
the primary name server, the email of the domain administrator, and several timers
relating to refreshing the zone. An NS record is used to delegate a DNS zone to use a
given authoritative name server.

32
To add a resource record, enter the Name of the resource record, select a Type of
resource record, and then enter all required fields pertaining to the resource record such
as Address for A Record, Host Name for CNAME, or Server Name for NS Record and
then click Add. To modify an existing resource record, select the resource record from
the list, edit the fields you want to change, and then click Save when you are done. If
you want to remove a resource record, just select the resource record from the list and
click Remove.

When you click on the DNS Cache button, you can view all of the queries cached by the
DNS server. The cached queries will be retained on the DNS server for a period of time
(TTL) set on the record stored on the SOA DNS server.

33
SYSLOG Service Configuration
In the SYSLOG service configuration, there are no parameters to set. The SYSLOG
service logs messages from routers and switches in the network. For each entry, the
Time, HostName, and the actual Message are logged in the server.

34
AAA Service Configuration
In the AAA service configuration, you can set up the server to be a RADIUS or TACACS
server. To add a RADIUS or TACACS server, enter the Client Name, Client IP, Secret
key, select either Radius or Tacacs as the Type of AAA server, and then click on the +
button. To remove a AAA server, select the AAA server entry in the list and click on the -
button. In addition to configuring the AAA server, you also need to add authorized users.
To add authorized users, enter the UserName and Password for the user and click on
the + button. If you want to remove a user, select the user from the list and click on the -
button.

35
NTP Service Configuration
In the NTP service configuration, you can set up the server to be an NTP server so that
the date and time on the configured routers and switches are synchronized. By default,
the date and time on the server is synchronized with your local machine. If you wish,
you can manually set the time and date by selecting the date on the calendar display
and incrementing or decrementing the time display. You can also set up Authentication
by clicking on Enable and then entering a Key and Password.

36
Email Service Configuration
In the Email service configuration, you can set up the server to use the SMTP and/or
POP3 protocol(s). To configure an email server, first enter a Domain Name and then
click the Set button. Next, enter a User name and Password then click the Add button
to create an email account. To change a password on an email account, select the
desired email account from the list and click Change Password button. A dialog will
appear allowing you to enter the new password. To delete an email account, select the
desired email account from the list and click the Delete button.

37
FTP Service Configuration
In the FTP service configuration, you can add and remove FTP accounts, modify FTP
account permissions, and remove files from the FTP service. To add an FTP account,
enter a UserName and Password. Then, select which permissions you would like the
user to have such as Write, Read, Delete, Rename, and List. Finally, click the Add
button to create the FTP account. To remove an FTP account, select the desired FTP
account from the list and click on the Delete button. If you want to remove files from the
FTP service, select the desired file from the file list and click on the Remove button.

38
Interface Configuration
Servers can support two interfaces. You can choose from Ethernet (copper or fiber),
modem, or wireless interfaces. In general, you can set the Port Status, Bandwidth,
Duplex, MAC Address, IP Address, Subnet Mask, Link Local Address, and IPv6
Address. These options vary slightly for each interface type.

IP Configuration Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the IP Configuration icon to bring up the configuration utility.
If the end device is connected to a DHCP configured router or server, you can use
DHCP to automatically obtain the IP configuration by clicking on the DHCP button.
Otherwise, you may use the Static button to manually set the IP configuration.

39
Command Prompt Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the Command Prompt button to bring up the command line
utility. At the command prompt, you can issue the following commands:

● ?
● arp
● delete
● dir
● ftp
● help
● ipconfig
● ipv6config
● netstat
● nslookup
● ping
● snmpget
● snmpgetbulk
● snmpset
● ssh
● telnet
● tracert

Traffic Generator Utility

The Traffic Generator utility is similar in functionality to the Add Simple PDU and Add
Complex PDU tool in the Common Tools Bar, but with some key differences. The Traffic
Generator utility is explained in detail in Configuring PCs, Laptops, Tablet PCs, and
PDAs.

Text Editor Utility

On the Desktop tab, click the Text Editor icon to bring up the text editor. You can
create New text files, Open existing text files, and Save text files through the File menu
in the text editor. There are no formatting choices available in the text editor.

Web Browser Utility

40
On the Desktop tab, click the Web Browser button to bring up the web browser. The
web browser allows you to access a web server or the Linksys Web Configuration
interface. If the end device is directly or indirectly connected to a server with HTTP
service enabled, you can type in the IP address of the server to access the website on
the server. If the end device is connected to a properly configured DNS server, covered
in another help topic, you can type in the domain name of the server. If the end device is
connected to a Linksys WRT300N wireless router, you can type in the IP address of the
Linksys WRT300N wireless router to access the Linksys Web Configuration. A prompt
will appear asking for user name and password. The default is admin for both user
name and password.

PPPoE Dialer Utility

On the Desktop tab, click the PPPoE Dialer button to bring up the PPPoE Dialer utility.
This utility allows you to establish a point-to-point connection to a PPPoE server. To
establish a PPPoE connection, enter the User Name and Password and then click on
the Connect button. To disconnect the PPPoE connection, click on the Disconnect
button.

VPN Utility
On the Desktop tab, click the VPN button to bring up the VPN client utility that allows
you to create a VPN connection to a VPN server. To create a VPN connection, enter the
GroupName, Group Key, Host IP (Server IP), Username, Password, and then click
on the Connect button. To disconnect the VPN connection, click on the Disconnect
button.

Connections / Links

Packet Tracer supports a wide range of network connections. Each cable type can only
be connected to certain interface types.

Cable Type Description

41
 Console connections can be made between PCs and routers or
Console switches. Certain conditions must be met for the console session
from the PC to work: the speed on both sides of the connection
must be the same, the data bits must be 7 for both or 8 for both, the
parity must be the same, the stop bits must be 1 or 2 (but they do
not have to be the same), and the flow control can be anything for
either side.
This cable type is the standard Ethernet media for connecting
Copper between devices that operate at different OSI layers (such as hub
Straight-through to router, switch to PC, and router to hub). It can be connected to
the following port types: 10 Mbps Copper (Ethernet), 100 Mbps
Copper (Fast Ethernet), and 1000 Mbps Copper (Gigabit Ethernet).
This cable type is the Ethernet media for connecting between
Copper devices that operate at the same OSI layer (such as hub to hub, PC
Cross-over to PC, PC to printer). It can be connected to the following port
types: 10 Mbps Copper (Ethernet), 100 Mbps Copper (Fast
Ethernet), and 1000 Mbps Copper (Gigabit Ethernet).
Fiber media is used to make connections between fiber ports (100
Fiber Mbps or 1000 Mbps).
Phone line connections can only be made between devices with
Phone modem ports. The standard application for modem connections is
an end device (such as a PC) dialing into a network cloud.
Coaxial media is used to make connections between coaxial ports
Coaxial such as a cable modem connected to a Packet Tracer Cloud.

Serial connections, often used for WAN links, must be connected

Serial between serial ports. Note that you must enable clocking on the
DCE and DTE DCE side to bring up the line protocol. The DTE clocking is
optional. You can tell which end of the connection is the DCE side
by the small “clock” icon next to the port. If you choose the Serial
DCE connection type and then connect two devices, the first device
will be the DCE side and the second device will be automatically set
to the DTE side. The reverse is true if you choose the Serial DTE
connection type.
The 8-port asynchronous cable provides the high-density connector
Octal on one end and eight RJ-45 plugs on the other.

42
Devices and Modules

Packet Tracer supports a wide array of modules for networking devices. To change a module in
any device, you must first turn off the power for that device. There is a power switch available
on the Physical page of any device that can change modules. If the module slot is filled you must
drag the existing module out of the device and over to the modules list and then release it. If you
are not in the correct place the module will return to the slot. After removing the original module
select and drag the new module from the list of modules to directly over the open slot. When the
module appears in the open slot, turn the power back on. Note, when you turn off switches or
routers and then turn them back on, they will load their startup configuration files. If you do not
save the running configuration, it will be lost.

When the network contains routers or switches, develop a habit of saving their running
configurations to the startup configuration before you press their power buttons (or the Power
Cycle Devices button).

Physical Configuration and Module List

When you click on a device in the workspace, you are first presented with the Physical Device
View of the selected device. You will see an interactive photo on the main panel and a list of
compatible modules on the left. You can interact with the device by pressing its power button,
adding a module by dragging it from the list into a compatible bay, or removing a module by
dragging it from the bay back to the list. You can also zoom in and out of the photo with the
zoom controls. The pages in this section show all of the Packet Tracer devices and their
supported modules. On these pages, you can click on the thumbnail image of each device or
module to view a larger image.

43
Configuring Other Devices

The configuration options for all other devices are relatively simple. In general, you can
change their display names in their global settings sub-panel and make changes to
basic settings on each interface.

Bridges
A bridge is basically a simplified two-port switch. It does not have VLAN or trunking
functions. The available settings for its two Ethernet ports are Port Status, Bandwidth,
and Duplex.

Repeaters

44
A repeater is a simple two-port device that regenerates the signal it receives on one port
and forwards it out the other port. Its port settings cannot be modified.

Hubs
A hub is a multiport repeater that regenerates the signal it receives on one port and
forwards it out all other ports except the incoming port. Its port settings cannot be
modified.

Access Points
An access point is modeled as a repeater with one wireless port and one Ethernet port.
In the settings for the wireless port, you can toggle the Port Status, set the SSID,
Channel, and Authentication. You may set the authentication to WEP, WPA-PSK, or
WPA2-PSK. For WEP, you need to set the Key to a 10-digit hexadecimal value. For
WPA-PSK and WPA2-PSK, the PassPhrase needs to be 8-63 ASCII characters long
and the Encryption Type can be set to AES or TKIP. The available settings for an
access point's Ethernet port are Port Status, Bandwidth, and Duplex.

Wireless End Device

The wireless end device has the same configuration options as a wireless PC excluding
the Desktop tab utilities. However, the Wireless End Device has a GUI tab which
includes an IP Config and Traffic Generator utility that works equivalently to the PC's
Desktop variant. The Wireless End Device also has an HTML tab that allows you to
manually edit the GUI tab using HTML and it also allows you to optionally lock the
HTML with a password.

Wired End Device

The wired end device features the same configuration options as the wireless end
device except that it has a FastEthernet interface.

Basic and common CLI command of Cisco router and switch using packet tracer.

CLI - Command Line Interface

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no

45
 > - user only and read only access mode in the router and switch information.
# - full admin access to the router and switch.
>enable
#show version
#show running-config
#show VLAN
press q - to quit the current task.

Other CLI command will be available on the other module to practice and learn all CLI
commands on router and switch.

Note: Make a youtube channel to save your videos regarding IT6 Networking 2 for
demo and submission of your video clip when submitting your projects, experiment and
activity. Then send to my tatayphinks fb account and email to [email protected].

E. Assessment

Multiple choice: 5 points each. Answer in google form link here: bit.ly/3nmfh0A

1. You are the new IT admin, and you need to find the network configuration. What
should you use?
a. ipconfig
b. netchange
c. cmd
d. newnet

2. Data is converted into light and transferred at high speeds.

a. Fibre Optic Cable
b. modem
c. hub
d. router

3. A device used in a wired network that connects multiple computers and devices to
share data.
a. hub
b. router
c. modem
d. Server

46
4. What is the primary purpose of a hub?
a. A hub allows one Ethernet network device to send data packets to a specific
Ethernet device.
b. A hub allows the connection of multiple Ethernet devices to make them act as
a single network segment.
c. A hub allows multiple Ethernet network devices access to the internet.
d. A hub is an endpoint to access the web server.

5. What is the principal difference between hub routing and switch routing?
a. Hub routing sends all packets to all connected devices. Switch routing sends
packets to specific devices.
b. Hub routing sends packets to specific locations. Switch routing is only used to
route traffic between switches.
c. Hub routing sends all packets to all connected devices. Switch routing is only
used to route traffic between switches.
d. Hub is a type of switching mechanism of a packets to router.

F. Reference

https://managementmania.com/en/active-networking-hardware
https://blog.netwrix.com/2019/01/08/network-devices-explained/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/network-devices-hub-repeater-bridge-switch-router-gate
ways/

47