Scribd
Upload
62 views

Ce 321BX - Fluid - Statics

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given: Oil with specific gravity S = 0.86 is being transported. U-tube manometer reads 19.7 cm Hg and oil is depressed 10 cm below pipe centerline. 2) Use the manometer equation: p - patm = γoil(zoil - zHg) + γHg(zHg - zair) Where zoil = -10 cm, zHg = 19.7 cm, γoil = 0.86*γwater, γHg = γHg 3) Solve for p, the pressure in the pipe. p - patm = 0.86*(9,790)*(−10 - 19

Uploaded by

Teddie B. Yap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views

Ce 321BX - Fluid - Statics

Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given: Oil with specific gravity S = 0.86 is being transported. U-tube manometer reads 19.7 cm Hg and oil is depressed 10 cm below pipe centerline. 2) Use the manometer equation: p - patm = γoil(zoil - zHg) + γHg(zHg - zair) Where zoil = -10 cm, zHg = 19.7 cm, γoil = 0.86*γwater, γHg = γHg 3) Solve for p, the pressure in the pipe. p - patm = 0.86*(9,790)*(−10 - 19

Uploaded by

Teddie B. Yap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

FLUID

STATICS
CE 321BX

Engr. Andre-Paul
C. Ampong
Introduction
• Fluid statics is the study of fluids in which
there is no relative motion between fluid
particles.
• If there is no relative motion, no shearing
stress exists, since velocity gradients are
required for such shearing stresses to be
present.
• The only stress that exists is a normal
stress, the pressure, so it is the pressure
that is of primary interest in fluid statics.
• Fluids at rest
• For example, water
pushing against a
dam
• Fluids that undergo
linear acceleration
• Fluids in rotating
 cylinders
• Manometers
• Buoyancy
• Stability of floating bodies
Dam
Floating wavebreaker
Pressure at a point in a fluid
ΣFx = max: pxΔy - pΔs sinθ = ρ (½ Δx Δy) ax
ΣFy = may: pyΔx - ρg(½ ΔxΔy) - pΔs cosθ = ρ(½ ΔxΔy)ay
Δs sinθ = Δy ; Δs cosθ = Δx
px - p = ½ ρ ax Δx
py - p = ½ ρ (ay + g) Δy
p p p
dp  dx  dy  dz
x y z
 dx  p dx
p x  , y, z   px, y, z 
 2  dx 2

 F  ma
p
 dxdydz  a x dxdydz
x
p
 dxdydz  a y dxdydz
y
p
 dxdydz   a z  g dxdydz
z
p
  a x
x
p
  a y
y
p
   a z  g 
z
dp   a x dx  a y dy   a z  g dz
Fluids at rest

dp   gdz
dp
 
dz
If the density is constant, integration yields :
p
p  z  constant or  z  constant

Example
Calculate the pressure at a depth of 10 m in
liquid with specific gravity of:
a) 1.0
b) 0.8
c) 13.6
d) 1.59
e) 0.68
Example
How many meters of water are equivalent
to:
a) 760 mm Hg?
b) 75 cm Hg?
c) 10 cm Hg?
Example
Determine the pressure at the bottom of an
open tank if it contains layers of:
a) 20 cm of water and 2 cm of mercury (γ =
132,800 N/m3)
b) 52 mm of water and 26 mm of carbon
tetrachloride (γ = 15,629 N/m3)
c) 3 m of oil (γ = 9,016 N/m3), 2 m of water
and 10 cm of mercury
Manometers
• Manometers are instruments that use
columns of liquids to measure pressures
p + γz = constant
p1 + γz1 = p2 + γz2

z2 - z1 = h
p2 = 0

p1 = γh
p1 - p2 = γ1 (z2 - z1)
p2 - p3 = γ2 (z3 - z2)

Since p3 = 0

p1 = γ1(z2 - z1)+γ2(z3 - z2)


p1 = -γ1h + γ2H
p1 - p2 = γ1 (z2 - z1)
p2 - p3 = γ2 (z3 - z2)
p3 - p4 = γ3 (z4 - z3)
p4 - p5 = γ2 (z5 - z4)
Since p5 = 0
p1 = γ1 (z2 - z1) + γ2 (z3 - z2)
+ γ3 (z4 - z3) + γ2 (z5 - z4)
p1 = γ1 (z2 - z1) + γ2 (z5 - z2)
+ (γ3 - γ2)(z4 - z3)
p1 = γ1 (z2 - z1) + γ2 h
+ (γ3 - γ2)H
Sample problem
If the pressure of air in a
pipe is 450 kPa, what will a
U-tube manometer with
mercury read? Use h =
1.5cm.
a. Neglect weight of air
column.
b. Include the weight of air
column, assuming Tair =
20oC, and calculate the
percent error of part a. (Use
R = 287 J/kgK)
Sample problem
A U-tube manometer is attached to a
pipe transporting a liquid. It is known
that the pressure in the pipe at the
location of the manometer is 2.4 kPa.
Select the liquid from the
accompanying table that is most likely
being transported if the manometer
indicates the following height of liquid
above the pipe.
a. 36.0 cm
b. 27.2 cm
c. 24.5 cm
d. 15.4 cm
Sample problem
Liquid Specific weight, γ (N/m3)
Alcohol, ethyl 7,744
Benzene 8,828
Carbon tetrachloride 15,629
Gasoline 6,660
Glycerin 12,346
Kerosene 7,933
Mercury 132,800
SAE 10 oil 9,016
SAE 30 oil 9,016
Turpentine 8,529
Water 9,790
Sample problem
Calculate the pressure in a pipe transporting
air if a U-tube manometer measures 25 cm
Hg.
Sample problem
Oil with S = 0.86 is being transported in a
pipe. Calculate the pressure if a U-tube
manometer reads 19.7 cm Hg. The oil in the
manometer is depressed 10 cm below the
pipe centerline.
Sample problem

You might also like