Brokenshire College

Madapo Hills, Davao City

Title: Purified Solar Water

STEM 9 Work Immersion

Submitted by: Abegail P. Mier

Submitted to: Mr. Kim Gerald Silva

January 2021
 CHAPTER 1: Introduction

Rationale
Water is considered one of the basic needs of the people. It is in everyone's daily life and routine.
But there are many instances where water, particularly clean drinking water is not sufficiently
sufficient for specific individuals living in a community. The Philippines is a country where
many parts or places here experience a shortage of water supply and clean drinking water. As
such, lack of water supply is considered one of the problems in the country. But, such problems
also have another nut related and that is water pollution. Water pollution is a big deal in some
countries that are experiencing it. And one of these countries, is again, the Philippines.
Water pollution is rampant in the country making people especially the poor unable to get clean
drinking water for their daily needs. Knowing this, the researchers decided to conduct a study on
Purified Solar Water where contaminated water is filtered by the use of the sun or exposure to
the sun.

Objectives

This study aims to provide clean and portable water to residents of areas experiencing water
pollution. It is also fast because the materials that researchers will use in the performance of the
study are only recyclable and easy to provide.
The following are the aims of this study:

• It aims to contribute to the solutions for clean water.

• Must hold at least 1,000 liters.
• Must last two years of continued use.
Review of Related Literature

According to Treacy M. (2015), the remote jungle village of La Mancalona on the Yucatan
peninsula of Mexico has gone from a place where clean water was scarce, bottled water
expensive and soda much cheaper to a place where they have a reliable source of purified water
and a profitable business in just two years. This positive change is thanks to an MIT-designed
solar-powered water purification system that the village was the first to take for a test drive.

A research work by Service R. (2017), stills need to be about 6 square meters in size to produce
enough water for a single person for a day. In recent years, researchers have improved stills
using two approaches. First, they design their stills so that only the very top layer of water in the
vessel is heated and evaporated, which means less energy is lost. Second, they’ve turned to
nanomaterials to absorb more of the sun’s rays. But efficient light-absorbing nanomaterials can
cost hundreds of dollars per gram, making them unrealistic for widespread use in developing
countries where the technology is needed most.

According to Quismondo T. (2012), where water just recently brought death and destruction,
water is now restoring life. Displaced families in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, cities hardest hit by
killer floods spawned by Tropical Storm “Sendong,” were among the recipients of a new locally
developed green technology that could derive clean drinking water from rainwater and other
non-portable sources. The Ateneo de Manila University’s Innovation Center has brought its
solar-powered clean water system to storm-ravaged areas in Northern Mindanao, serving as a
critical source of potable water for affected families. Earlier tested in communities in Palawan,
Batangas and Bulacan, the water- sourcing technology’s launch in Northern Mindanao marks the
first time it was used in disaster response efforts.

One work by Evangelista P. (2013), in one of the major hospitals in Loon, Bohol, patients are
being medicated outside the building and admitted inside tents or in the nearby covered court
after the killer 7.2 magnitude earthquake destroyed the hospital building. With no food to buy,
they only rely on relief goods to eat and donated bottled water to drink. The Ateneo Innovation
Center thus responded immediately to this scenario by installing the Solar-powered Clean Water
System that helped clean tap water for the patients of Cong. Natalio P. Castillo Sr. Memorial
Hospital and the residents of Loon, Bohol. Existing water systems in Loon were infected with
microbes because of the recent quake. “There is existing tap water but it’s not portable because it
might have been contaminated by the earthquake,” said Paul Cabacungan, Ateneo Innovation
Center’s Head of Operations.

Pasha S. (2016). There is an important need for clean, pure drinking water in many developing
countries. Often water sources are brackish and/or contain harmful bacteria and therefore cannot
be used for drinking. In addition, there are many coastal locations where seawater is abundant
but portable water, is not available. Pure water is also useful for batteries and in hospitals or
schools. Distillation is one of many process that can be used for water purification. This requires
an energy input, as heat, solar radiation can be the source of energy. In this process, water is
evaporated, thus condensed as pure water. Solar water distillation is a solar technology with a
very long history and installations were built over 2000 years ago, although to produce salt rather
than drinking water. Documented use of solar stills began in the sixteenth century. An early
large-scale solar still was built in 1872 to supply a mining community in Chile with drinking
water. Mass production occurred for the first time during the Second World War when 200,000
inflatable plastic stills were made to be kept in life-crafts for the US Navy. There are a number of
other approaches to water purification and desalination, such as photovoltaic powered reverse-
osmosis, for which small- scale commercially available equipment is available. These are not
considered here. In addition, if treatment of polluted water is required rather than desalination,
slow sand filtration is a good option. The purpose of this technical brief is to provide basic
information and direct the reader to other, more detailed sources.

A research study by Shaikh et al., (2017), solar water Purifier is used to purify water. This
equipment is based on the renewable energy source. Solar is a clean energy system which can cut
down the pollution problems and gives the opportunity to generate reliable source of potable
water. In the absence of solar energy, we are using electricity supply from electric company. This
system is specially designed to meet the need of peoples in various regions. Also this system is
designed mainly for those regions where electricity rate is high and electricity is rarely available.

The article of Cabacungan P. (2009), the solar- powered atmospheric water generation and
purification (SAWGAP) system is a hybrid system, coupling rainwater collection with water
from air condensation. It has built-in ceramic filter and ultraviolet irradiation for water
purification. It can be powered by solar energy stored in battery banks coupled with a variable
frequency DC-AC inverter, which can operate at higher voltages. Its engineering design
emphasized the use of readily available automotive and refrigeration components and non-
specialty solid state circuits for adoption and adaptation by remote communities far from grid
power facilities.

One work by Treacy (2015), said the bottled water became expensive and the soda became
cheaper than the one that people needs. The place where they have a reliable source of purified
water is unknown. But this change because of the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT),
MIT-designed a solar powered water purification system and that place was the first to take for a
test drive of this newly invented solar powered device. This invention gave hope to the people in
La mancola village in Mexico to have a clean portable source of water. In all the parts of the
world there are many different groups and organization that use solar water filtration to help
places that lack of access of clean water using recyclable materials that makes it easy to use in
any areas of the world. Solar water filtration have different versions it is either solar water
distillation or solar water purifier, but all of this three have two common characteristics and is
that to use solar energy as a main source of power , use that heat that coming from the sun to
clean the water. These three also have one common goal to give a safe, portable, clean water to
everyone anywhere in the world through the use of renewable energy.

Conceptual Framework
The researchers used recycled materials to make this project cost-effective and for other people
to see that this project is easy to build. Also the researchers states the process, the things needed
to happen to make the project work successful. The output the researchers states what will be the
outcome after the process and also to give the researchers a hindsight on what will happen after
the experiment.

ISSUE SOLUTION

Give clean and safe water

 Unclean Water source and suffice the
 Water shortage problem of clean water
resources

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will be conducted at the place where it is an open area and have a direct sunlight to the
sun. The researchers will use a water samples that came from stagnant water or dirty water from
canal or faucet that release uncleaned water. The results of this experiment will be thoroughly
examined by the researchers using the litmus paper to its acidity and bacteria reaction. The
researchers use only recycled bottles and PVC pipe to promote upcycling and cheap making of
the solar water purification and solar energy is as a power source.

Significance of the Study

The beneficiaries of this study are the following:
Families. The less fortunate families will surely benefit from this study because water filters will
be provided. They will be able to have clean water for drinking because of this water filter.
Community. This study will be very useful in the community. Having water filtration system will
effectively increase the health and well-being of an entire community. This study will also
contribute on the safety of the community by lessening diseases that comes from unfiltered
water.
Country. Although it is said that water pollution is one of the major problems in the Philippines,
simple ways like the implication of this study will help a lot. This study will contribute on
ensuring the safety of the netizens even that is the case. Industry. This study has also to do with
the industrialization. This is because building water purification systems in a different and rare
way is somehow amazing not only on how it works but also its contribution in the industry. This
will gain attention and interest especially to those organization which are really willing to
volunteer on helping less fortunate families and individuals.

Definition of Terms

Solar. Produced or operated by the action of the sun’s light or heat. Utilizing the sun’s rays
especially to produce heat or electricity.

Filtration. Any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids
from fluids liquids or gases by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass.

Alternative. Different from the usual or conventional such as existing or functioning outside the
established cultural, social, or economic system. Renewable sources. A resource which can be
used repeatedly and replaced naturally Purifying. To clear from material defilement or
imperfection. To free from guilt or moral or ceremonial blemish. To free from undesirable
elements.

Upcycling. Also known as creative reuse, is the process of transforming by products, waste
materials, useless, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality or for
better environmental value.

Turbidity. The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles
that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air. The measurement of
turbidity is a key test of water quality. Contaminant. Something that contaminates a substance
such as water or food.

CHAPTER 2: Materials and Method

Project Design

Key Requirements

To ensure the success of this project, each requirement must be authorized in a strict and orderly
manner. The following requirements must be met: provide fine and complete material; must be
able to test the effectiveness of sunlight to filter water; must allow solar UV radiation to reach
the filtering media; must last up to 2-3 years; must not cost less than 60 thousand pesos each
prototype of the project.

Design Development

An ideal product is perfectly planned. Therefore, a design development is carried out and it is
divided into three phases which are brainstorming, initial concept development and final design
selection. The first phase is brainstorming, is always managed as a group; however, the
researcher of this project managed by her own. Hence, this indicates a self-brainstorming of
ideas, concepts, equipment and procedures being carried out by the researcher. The second phase
is the initial development of the concept, in which the study comes up with a number of
completely different designs that will be offered and used as an option in the third phase of
design development. In the third phase, which is the selection of the final design, the researcher
will select, analyze and evaluate different options and know their characteristics.

Design Selection

It is crucial in making decisions about which design and materials to use. It is best to choose the
most suitable and standard made design that will explain the effectiveness of the product. This
proposed that the Purified Solar Water ultimate goal is to provide a clean and portable water for
the people in Barangay 23-C, Davao City. The final select should be able to achieve the lack of
water in the community of Barangay 23-C.

Implementation and Testing

The product of this project will be evaluated by testing its capabilities to see how it will work. It
will also be tested by the water district of the city of Davao and the sewage system should carry
out further tests to validate that water purified using solar energy is safe for use as drinking water
at home.

Project Locale
This project will be carried out in the community of Barangay 23-C with more than 16,489
population in 2015 according to the Census. Barangay 23-C is one of 182 barangays and a total
population of 1,825,450 residents of the city of Davao, it is also the largest city in the
Philippines, with an area of 2,444 km2. divided into 3 electoral districts and 11 administrative
districts. In addition, the main focus of this project is to determine the acidity and salinity level
of the water to test whether the water is safe to drink.

Figur
e 2. Map of Barangay 23-C, Davao City

Materials used in making the product

 Solar panel - collect energy to keep the reefer
unit’s battery fully charged and take away the need
to use the engine for recharging.

Solar charge controller - manages the power going into the

battery bank from the solar array.

Submersible pump - is a supply of underground water to

waterworks.

Water tank - is a container for storing water.

Water tanks are used to provide storage of water
for use in many applications, drinking water, fire
suppression, etc.
Pre-Filter - sediments particles such as dust, hair, insects, pollen, fibers, etc.

Surface pumps - are designed to pump water from surface

sources like springs, ponds, tanks, or shallow wells.

Pressure tank - have a diaphragm, also called a bladder, that

separates a chamber of air from the water.

Post filter - have antimicrobial coating while

UV water purifier treats micro-biologically
unsafe water with germicidal ultraviolet
light.

Blueprint of the project/product

 Figure 3. Purified Solar Water

CHAPTER 2: Procedural Description to Ethical Consideration

Procedural Description

The following are the step by step process of building the Purified Solar Water

Step1. Choose the right Solar Panel fitting for the Solar charge controller.

Step2. Once the Solar Panel is chosen, set up the wirings and circuit boards needed.

Step3. Next, connect the Solar Panel to the Solar charge controller.

Step4. Then, connect the Solar charge controller to Submersible pump, Surface pump and Post
filter
and UV.

Step5. Next, connect the submersible pump to Water tank.

Step6. Next is to connect the Water tank to Pre filter.

Step7. And then, connect the Pre filter to Surface pump.

Step8. Next, connect the Surface pump to Pressure tank.

Step9. Lastly, connect the Pressure tank to Post filter and UV. To connect it all, it must be sure
that the equipment plugged properly.

Ethical Consideration

In partial compliance with the subject STEM9 Work Immersion, this capstone study is
being carried out on the premises of Brokenshire College. Thus, all information, ideas
and knowledge in this capstone study are guaranteed to come from all relevant
resources and be credited, respectively. In addition, if there are cases in which the
researcher will be asked to seek information from research participants, there will be
ethical issues that must be considered. First, it is to ensure that they participate
voluntarily and that no force is imposed to anyone. Then, make sure that survey
participants have informed consent that the survey is required to explain in detail all
necessary information or provide participants with a letter of informed consent. Hence,
to ensure that the data that will be collected from participants are strictly confidential
and that they are marked as anonymous for their own safety against possible risks or
damage. However, this capstone study is not intended to harm anyone, but rather to
propose an innovative solution for water purification, being the main focus of the study.

Informed-ConsentLatter
 PurifiedSolarWater(January2021-April2021)

I, the research participants understood all the necessary information provided and
explained by the researcher and, I confirm the following:

__I voluntarily participate in this research study and I am not forcing or threatening to
participate.

__I was informed of all the necessary information and details about the capstone
project and its purpose to carry it out.

__I asked all the questions that concern me about the capstone project and that the
researcher answer clear and satisfactory way.

__I received a guarantee from the researcher that will label me anonymous and all
information collected will be kept confidential.

__I understand that participation in the research study will require interviews, audio
recording, video recording and written reports.

__I understand that no personal information will be disclosed outside this capstone
project to protect confidentiality.

__I agree that my words are quoted by the researcher in the capstone project,
publications, reports and the university's website.

__I was clearly informed that I have the right to withdraw from the final project at any
time.

__I had enough time to decide whether or not to participate in the final project.

NAME OF THE PARTICIPANT:__________________

DATE:______________________
SIGNATURE OF THE PARTICIPANT:___________________
SIGNATURE OF THE RESEARCHER:___________________

References
Cabacungan, P. (2009, March). Solar-Powered Atmospheric Water Generation and Purification
System. Retrieved from Research Gate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263618666_Solar-
Powered_Atmospheric_Water_Generation_and_Purification_System

Evangelista, P. (2013, November 7). Ateneo installs solar- powered clean water system in Bohol
town. Retrieved from Pressreader.com: https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/the-philippine-
star/20131107/282205123647165

Mcharity, T. (2011, october 19). Chapter 1-3. Retrieved from SCRIBD:

https://www.scribd.com/doc/69431465/Chapter-1-3

Pasha, S. (2016, March 12). Solar-distillation-water- purification. Retrieved from Academia.edu:

https://www.academia.edu/18179184/Solar-distillation-water- purification

Quismundo, T. (2012, January 12). Solar-powered portable water system for CDO, Iligan.
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system-for-cdo-iligan 45. 38

Service, R. F. (2017, February 2). Sunlight-powered purifier could clean water for the
impoverished. Retrieved from Sciencemag.org:
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/02/sunlight-powered- purifier-could-clean-water-
impoverished

Shaikh, S. K., Bhagwati, P. B., Mali, R. S., Gaikwad, S. C., Jadhav, P. B., & Bongarde, S. J.
(2017, March 3). Mobile Solar water purifier. Retrieved from Irjet.net:
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i3/IRJET-V4I3216.pdf

Treacy, M. (2015, October 15). Solar-powered water purification system a huge success in
Mexican village. Retrieved from treehugger.com: https://www.treehugger.com/clean-
technology/solar-powered-water-purification-system-huge- success-mexican-village.html