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Circuit Construction Kit Lab: Experiment 6: KVL and KCL

This document describes four experiments using a circuit construction kit simulation to explore electrical concepts: 1) Ohm's Law - Students measure voltage and current for circuits with increasing numbers of batteries to discover the direct relationship. 2) Kirchhoff's Current Law - Students measure currents through wires branching from a light bulb to verify the law that total current in equals total current out. 3) Kirchhoff's Voltage Law - Students measure voltages around loops to verify that the algebraic sum of voltages is always zero. 4) Resistors in series and parallel - Students measure voltages and currents to calculate resistances and understand how total resistance is determined by circuit configuration.

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Kienth Matibag
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
93 views9 pages

Circuit Construction Kit Lab: Experiment 6: KVL and KCL

This document describes four experiments using a circuit construction kit simulation to explore electrical concepts: 1) Ohm's Law - Students measure voltage and current for circuits with increasing numbers of batteries to discover the direct relationship. 2) Kirchhoff's Current Law - Students measure currents through wires branching from a light bulb to verify the law that total current in equals total current out. 3) Kirchhoff's Voltage Law - Students measure voltages around loops to verify that the algebraic sum of voltages is always zero. 4) Resistors in series and parallel - Students measure voltages and currents to calculate resistances and understand how total resistance is determined by circuit configuration.

Uploaded by

Kienth Matibag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 6: KVL and KCL

Circuit Construction Kit Lab


An  exploration  lab  to  discover  Ohm’s  Law,  Kirchoff’s  two  laws,  resistors,  and  capacitors!  

Go  to  ​https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/circuit-­construction-­kit-­ac​  (or  type  in  “Circuit  


Construction  Kit  (AC+DC)”  on  Google).  Open  the  software  and  try  these  four  experiments.  

Part 1: Ohm’s Law  


Aim:​ ​Discover  Ohm’s  Law  and  find  the  relationship  between  voltage,  current,  and  resistance.  

Procedure:
1. Create  a  circuit  by  connecting  one  battery  and  one  light  bulb  using  wires.  An  example  is
shown  below.

2. Click  the  voltmeter  tool  on  the  right  side  of  the  screen,  and  measure  the  voltage  across
the  battery  (put  the  red  tip  on  the  black  side  of  the  battery,  and  the  black  tip  on  the  silver
side  of  the  battery)
3. Using  the  non-­contact  ammeter  tool,  measure  the  current  on  any  section  of  the  wire.
4. Record  the  voltage  and  current.
5. Next,  add  another  battery.  Measure  and  record  the  voltage  and  current  again.
6. Repeat  and  continue  adding  batteries  one  at  a  time.  Collect  data  until  you  have  at  least
7  batteries.
7. Graph  the  results  below.  Your  x  axis  should  be  the  current,  and  the  y  axis  should  be  the
voltage.  Insert  a  best-­fit  line.

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


Questions:
1. What  is  the  relationship  between  the  variables  (voltage  and  current)?  
 
 
2. What  is  the  slope  of  the  graph?    
 
 
3. Ohm’s  Law  states  that  V=IR,  or  voltage=current  x  resistance.  Voltage  is  measured  in  
volts  (V),  current  in  amperes  (A),  and  resistance  in  ohms​  (Ω)​.  Using  this  knowledge,  
state  what  the  slope  of  the  graph  represents.    
 
 
 
4. What  is  the  resistance  of  the  light  bulb  you  used  in  your  circuit?    

Part 2: Kirchhoff's Two Laws


Aim: ​To  understand  Kirchoff’s  current  law  and  Kirchoff’s  voltage  law.  
 
Kirchoff’s Current Law

Procedure:
1. Create  a  circuit  with  one  battery  and  one  light  bulb.  However,  unlike  the  previous  circuit  
you  created,  add  two  different  wire  paths  from  the  light  bulb  to  the  rest  of  the  circuit.  An  
example  is  shown  below.  

 
2. Using  the  non-­contact  ammeter  tool,  measure  the  current  through  all  of  the  wires  that  
connect  to  the  light  bulb.    
3. Record  this  in  the  table  below.    
4. Keep  adding  wires  to  each  side  of  the  light  bulb,  and  record  the  current  results  in  the  
table  below.    
 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  
 
Results:
 
    Current  through  each  wire   Current  through  each  wire   Total   Total  
going  into  the  light  bulb   going  out  of  the  light  bulb  (in   current   current  
(in  amps)   amps)   going   going  
        in   out  
       

Trial  1                      
(1  wire  in,  2  
wires  out)  
   

Trial  2  (2                          
wires  in,  2  
wires  out)  
   

Trial  3  (2                              
wires  in,  3  
wires  out)  
   

Trial  4  (3                                  
wires  in,  3  
wires  out  
   
 
Questions:
1. What  do  you  notice  about  the  sum  of  the  current  going  into  the  light  bulb  and  the  sum  of  
the  current  going  out  of  the  light  bulb?    
 
 
 
2. Kirchoff’s  current  law  states  that  “the  sum  of  the  currents  in  a  node  is  0”.  (positive  current  
means  that  it  is  going  into  the  node,  and  negative  current  means  that  it  is  going  out  of  
the  node.)  What  is  the  “node”  in  the  circuit  you  made?    
 
 
 
 

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Procedure:
1. Create  a  circuit  with  one  battery  and  one  resistor.  An  example  is  shown  below.  

                     
2. Using  the  voltmeter  tool,  measure  the  voltage  across  the  battery.  Record  this  number  in  
the  table  below.  
3. Measure  the  voltage  across  the  resistor.  Make  sure  that  the  black  pointer  is  placed  in  
front  of  the  red  pointer  in  relation  to  the  electron  flow.  Record  the  voltage  in  the  table.    
4. Find  the  sum  of  the  voltages.  
5. Repeat  this  process,  adding  one  resistor  each  time  up  to  5  resistors  (you  can  do  more  if  
you  have  time)    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  
Results:
 
  Voltage  (V)  across….     Sum  of  
Voltages  
  battery   resistor  1   resistor  2   resistor  3   resistor  4   resistor  5  

example:   9   -­9   -­   -­   -­   -­   0  
(1  
resistor)  

Trial  2  (2                
resistors)  

Trial  3  (3                
resistors)  

Trial  4  (4                
resistors)  

Trial  5  (5                
resistors)  
 
Questions:
1. What  do  you  notice  about  the  sum  of  the  voltages  in  each  trial?  
 
 
 
2. Kirchoff’s  Law  states  that  ∆V=0  (the  sum  of  all  voltages  in  a  loop  must  equal  0).  How  
does  this  relate  to  your  results?    
 
 
 
3. Would  the  sum  of  the  voltages  be  the  same  in  a  parallel  circuit?  Test  it  out!  Remember:  
the  sum  of  all  voltages  in  a  ​loop  ​ must  equal  zero.    
 

 
 
 
 

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


Part 3: Resistors in Parallel and Series
Aim: ​To  understand  how  the  magnitude  of  the  total  resistance  is  calculated  in  a  parallel  and  
series  circuit.  
 
Resistors in Series

Procedure:
1. Create  a  circuit  with  one  battery  and  2  resistors  in  series.    
2. Using  the  voltmeter  tool,  measure  the  voltage  across  each  resistor,  and  then  the  whole  
circuit.  Record  results  in  table  below.  
3. Using  the  non-­contact  ammeter  tool,  measure  the  current  through  the  wire  near  each  
resistor  and  the  battery.  Record  the  results.    
4. Calculate  the  resistance  for  each  resistor  and  the  whole  circuit  using  the  equation  R=V/I  
(Ohm’s  Law).  
5. Repeat  these  steps,  but  add  another  resistor  each  time.  Go  up  to  4  resistors.    
 
Results:

2  Resistors  
  Voltage  across   Current  through   Calculated  
resistor  (do  not   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
include  negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  the  
battery)    
 
3  Resistors  
  Voltage  across   Current  through   Calculated  
resistor  (do  not   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
include  negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Resistor  3        

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  the  
battery)    
 
4  Resistors  
  Voltage  across   Current  through   Calculated  
resistor  (do  not   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
include  negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Resistor  3        

Resistor  4        

Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  the  
battery)    
 
Questions:
1. What  do  you  notice  about  the  calculated  resistance  for  the  whole  circuit?    
 
 
2. Total  resistance  in  a  series  circuit  is  calculated  by  adding  up  the  resistance  of  each  
resistor.  R​T​=  R​1​  +  R​2​  +  R​3​  +  ...Does  this  concept  match  with  your  results?  
 
 
3. Show  an  example  calculation  for  R​T.  
 

 
4. What  other  observations  can  you  make  about  the  current  or  voltage?  
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


Resistors in Parallel

Procedure:
1. Create  a  circuit  with  one  battery  and  2  resistors  in  parallel.  Here  is  an  example.  

 
2. Using  the  voltmeter  tool,  measure  the  voltage  across  each  resistor,  and  then  the  whole  
circuit.  Record  results  in  table  below.  
3. Using  the  non-­contact  ammeter  tool,  measure  the  current  through  the  wire  near  each  
resistor  and  the  battery.  Record  the  results.    
4. Calculate  the  resistance  for  each  resistor  and  the  whole  circuit  using  the  equation  R=V/I  
(Ohm’s  Law).  
5. Repeat  these  steps,  but  add  another  resistor  each  time.  Go  up  to  4  resistors.    
 
Results:
 
2  Resistors  
  Voltage  across   Current  through   Calculated  
resistor  (do  not   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
include  negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  the  
battery)    
 
 
 
 
 
 

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  


3  Resistors  
  Voltage  across  resistor   Current  through   Calculated  
(do  not  include   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Resistor  3        

Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  
the  battery)    
 
4  Resistors  
  Voltage  across  resistor   Current  through   Calculated  
(do  not  include   resistor     Resistance  (R=V/I)    
negatives)  

Resistor  1          

Resistor  2        

Resistor  3        

Resistor  4        

Whole  circuit        
(measure  across  
the  battery)    
 
Questions:
1. What  do  you  notice  about  the  calculated  resistance  for  the  whole  circuit?  
 
 
2. Total  resistance  in  a  parallel  circuit  is  calculated  by  adding  up  the  reciprocals  of  the  
resistance  of  each  resistor,  and  then  taking  the  reciprocal  of  the  total  sum.    
1  /  R​T​  =  1  /  R​1​  +  1  /  R​2​  +  1  /  R​3​  +...    
Does  this  concept  match  with  your  results?  
 
 
3. Show  an  example  calculation  for  R​T.  
 
4. What  other  observations  can  you  make  about  the  current  or  voltage?  

 Lab  by  M.Shin  2016  

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