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Solution-ME F314

(1) The document presents a tutorial problem to find the safe diameter of a shaft subjected to axial, bending, and torsional loads according to the maximum shear stress criterion. (2) By calculating the normal and shear stresses, an iterative method is used to find the safe diameter as 27.78 mm. (3) The next purchasable diameter from standard sizes is 28 mm, which is recommended as the solution while also satisfying the maximum shear stress criterion for all principal stress pairs.

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52 views

Solution-ME F314

(1) The document presents a tutorial problem to find the safe diameter of a shaft subjected to axial, bending, and torsional loads according to the maximum shear stress criterion. (2) By calculating the normal and shear stresses, an iterative method is used to find the safe diameter as 27.78 mm. (3) The next purchasable diameter from standard sizes is 28 mm, which is recommended as the solution while also satisfying the maximum shear stress criterion for all principal stress pairs.

Uploaded by

sai ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE PILANI, HYDERABAD CAMPUS

ME F314: DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS, SEM-I, 2021-22


TUTORIAL/ASSIGNMENT-2: Sept 13, 2021
Note: (1) This is individual evaluated open-book exercise. Solve the assignment problem neatly on
A4 sheet(s), scan and upload to Google Classroom. Write your name, ID No and page number at
the top right corner of each page. (2) Only the textbook, reference book, class notebook and
calculator are allowed. (3) Mobile phone email/chat communications are not allowed. For any
doubt, the instructor can be consulted.

Tutorial Problem:
On the shaft made of AISI-1015 CD Steel shown in the figure, a load P = 1.2i+1.6j+1.5k kN is
acting at the free end. In addition, there is a torque of 10 kN-mm acting at the free end. The shaft
has a length of 0.2 m. The uncertainty in the mechanical properties is 24% and that in the loading
measurement is 15%. Find the safe diameter of the shaft according the Maximum Shear Stress
criterion. Is your recommended diameter purchasable in the market? If not provide a corrected the
diameter that is purchasable. Use the Appendix-A of the textbook for mechanical properties.

Fig-1: Tutorial problem


Solution:
Neglect transverse shear stresses.
The x-component of P is an axial load Px = 1.2 kN.
The uniform axial stress equal on all cross-sections is = (xx)P = Px/(D^2/4)
= (1.2)(1000)/(D^2/4) = 1528/(D^2) MPa.
Py causes a maximum bending moment component of Mz and Pz causes a maximum bending
moment component of My, respectively, at their maximum values at the fixed end.
Mz = Py*(L) = (1.6)(1000)*(0.2)(1000) = 0.32*10^6 N-mm.
My = Pz*(L) = (1.5)(1000)* (0.2)(1000) = 0.3*10^6 N-mm.
Resultant bending moment M = sqrt(Mz^2+My^2) = sqrt((0.32*10^6)^2+(0.3*10^6)^2)
= 0.44*10^6 N-mm.
The maximum bending stress due to M is = (xx)M = M*c/I = (0.44*10^6)*(D/2)/(D^4/64)
= 4.5*10^6/D^3 MPa.
The torsional shear stress = x’y’ = Tr/J = (10)(1000)*(D/2)/(D^4/32) = 5.1*10^4/D^3 N-mm.
Here the x’-axis is parallel to the x-axis. See the directions of stresses on the critical element “A”
below.

Resultant normal stress on the critical stress = x’x’ = (xx)P +(xx)M


= 1528/(D^2)+ 4.5*10^6/D^3 MPa
Unordered principal Stresses: This is a plane state of stress, therefore (“^” implies exponentiation):
(A, B) = x’x’/2sqrt[(x’x’/2)^2+(x’y’)^2]
C =0
Since the diameter value is not known, we do not know apriori the relative values of the unordered
principal stresses hence cannot order them. Therefore, we need to consider all the three pairs of
principal stresses to calculate the maximum shear stress values and the largest of the diameters
found using MSS must be used.
For AISI-1015 CD Steel, the Syt = 320 MPa from Table A-21.
Estimation of the design factor, nd: x = 0.24, y = 0.15.
nd = (1+y)/(1-x) = (1+0.15)/(1-0.24) = 1.51
First Pair: A and B.
|(A-B)| = Syt/nd
2*sqrt[(x’x’/2)^2+x’y’^2] = 320/1.51
2*sqrt[{(1528/D^2+ 4.5*10^6/D^3)/2}^2+{5.1*10^4/D^3}^2] = 320/1.51
Send the “2” and “sqrt” on to the RHS.
{(1528/D^2+ 4.5*10^6/D^3)/2}^2+{5.1*10^4/D^3}^2 = 11227.6
Expand the first curly bracketed term as (a+b)^2.
(1/4)*{2.3*10^6/D^4+20.25*10^12//D^6+13752*10^6/D^5}+{26.01*10^8/ D^6} = 11227.6
Send the (1/4) to RHS.
{2.3*10^6/D^4+20.25*10^12//D^6+13752*10^6/D^5}+{104.01*10^8/ D^6} = 44909.2
Multiply throughout the equation by D^6.
2.3*10^6*D^2 + 20.25*10^12 + 13752*10^6*D + 104.01*10^8 = 44909.2*D^6
Rearrange the polynomial from the highest exponent to the lowest on the LHS and constant terms
on the RHS.

44909.2*D^6 - 2.3*10^6*D^2 - 13752*10^6*D = 20.26*10^12

Solve it for D iteratively.


First iteration: Say D = 20 mm. Substitute in the second and third terms on the LHS. Then solve for
D from the first term of LHS. We get D1=27.76 mm.
Second iteration: Use now D = D1 =27.76 mm.
We get D2 = 27.78 mm.
Use now D = D2 = 27.78 mm.
We get D3 = 27.78 mm.
Since D3 = D2, we conclude that D = 27.78 mm.
Table A-17: Preferred Numbers for millimeters series gives the next higher diameter to be 28 mm,
which is purchasable.

Similarly try the other two pairs of principal stresses A & C, and B & C.
Second Pair: A & C.
|(A-C)| = Syt/nd
x’x’/2+sqrt[(x’x’/2)^2+(x’y’)^2] = 320/1.51
(1528/D^2+4.5*10^6/D^3)/2+sqrt[{(1528/D^2+4.5*10^6/D^3)/2}^2+{5.1*10^4/D^3}^2]
= 320/1.51 = 212.
Substitute the D = 28 mm in the LHS. We get 207 MPa which is < 212 MPa. Therefore D = 28 mm
upholds.

Third Pair: B & C.


|(B-C)| = Syt/nd
x’x’/2-sqrt[(x’x’/2)^2+(x’y’)^2] = 320/1.51
(1528/D^2+4.5*10^6/D^3)/2-sqrt[{(1528/D^2+4.5*10^6/D^3)/2}^2+{5.1*10^4/D^3}^2]
= 320/1.51 = 212.
Substitute the D = 28 mm in the LHS. We get 0.0261 MPa which is << 212 MPa. Therefore, D =
28 mm upholds.
Thus the final recommended is D = 28 mm.

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