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Experiment 5 Equilibrium

This document discusses an experiment on chemical equilibrium. The experiment studied the effect of temperature, concentration, and pressure on the equilibrium between carbon dioxide gas and carbonated drinks. Students observed the amount of bubbles in drinks after changing the temperature by placing bottles in hot and cold water. They also observed more bubbles forming after adding an acid to increase the concentration. Opening the bottles or transferring drinks to a glass decreased pressure and increased bubbles. The results supported Le Chatelier's principle that systems at equilibrium will respond in ways to counteract disturbances.

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46 views

Experiment 5 Equilibrium

This document discusses an experiment on chemical equilibrium. The experiment studied the effect of temperature, concentration, and pressure on the equilibrium between carbon dioxide gas and carbonated drinks. Students observed the amount of bubbles in drinks after changing the temperature by placing bottles in hot and cold water. They also observed more bubbles forming after adding an acid to increase the concentration. Opening the bottles or transferring drinks to a glass decreased pressure and increased bubbles. The results supported Le Chatelier's principle that systems at equilibrium will respond in ways to counteract disturbances.

Uploaded by

U2103536 STUDENT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Title: Chemical Equilibrium

Objectives:

1. To study the effect of concentration, temperature and pressure on chemical


equilibrium.

Introduction:

Carbonated drinks are made by forcing carbon dioxide gas into the drink under

high pressure. This process is called carbonation and causes CO2 (g) to dissolve in the

drink to form CO2 (aq). Carbonated drinks ‘taste’ fizzy because of this dissolved carbon

dioxide.

In an unopened bottle of carbonated drinks, the majority of the carbon dioxide

molecules will be dissolved in the solution for example in the aqueous form. When

carbon dioxide dissolves, the following equilibria are established.

CO2 (g) ⇌ CO2 (aq) + Heat

CO2 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H2CO3 (aq)

CO2 (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + HCO3- (aq)

Change in one of the factors on a system that is already at equilibrium, will

cause the reaction to move to the direction that minimizes the effect of change. The

direction of the change can be determined by applying Le Chatelier’s Principle.

Le Chatelier’s Principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a

change in temperature, pressure or concentration of one or more components, the

system will shift its equilibrium position in such a way so as to counteract the effect of

the disturbance.
Procedure:

A: The effect of temperature

1. Two carbonated drinks were labelled as A and B.

2. The bottles were shaken and the formed bubbles was observed.

3. Bottle A was placed into the container filled with ice and bottle B was placed

into the container filled with boiling water for 5 minutes.

4. The bubbles formed in bottle A and B was observed.

5. The observation was recorded in table 2.4.

B: The effect of concentration

1. Carbonated drink bottle A was shaken gently and the formed bubbles were

observed.

2. The bottle cap was opened slightly.

3. 2.5 mL of vinegar was added into the bottle.

4. The bottle cap was closed immediately and the formed bubbles were

observed.

5. The observation was recorded in table 2.4.

C: The effect of pressure (volume)

1. The carbonated drinks in bottle B were shaken gently and the formed bubbles

was observed.

2. The bottle cap was opened.

3. The carbonated drinks were filled into a clear drinking glass up to the brim.

4. The formed bubbles in the clear drinking glass were observed.

5. The observation was recorded in Table 2.4.


Results:

Observation

Before After
Experiment
Bottle A (cold) Bottle B (hot) Bottle A (cold) Bottle B (hot)

a) The effect of Same amount of Same amount of Less bubble More bubbles
temperature bubbles formed bubbles formed evolved Evolved

b) the effect of
concentration Less bubbles formed More bubbles formed

c) the effect of
pressure (volume) Less bubbles formed More bubbles formed

Discussion:

In this experiment, two carbonated drinks were used to study the effect of

concentration, temperature and pressure on chemical equilibrium. First, the

experiment was held by changing the temperature by putting in hot and cold water.

Then, adding acid to it such as vinegar or lemon. Finally, changing the volume by

transfer it to another clear glass.


A: The effect of temperature

Two carbonated drinks were labelled as A and B. Both of the bottles were

placed at the room temperature. The bottles were shaken and the formed bubbles was

observed. Bottle A was placed into the container filled with ice and bottle B was placed

into the container filled with boiling water for 5 minutes. The bubbles formed in bottle

A and B was observed without shaking the bottles. The observation was recorded in

table 2.4.

B: The effect of concentration

Carbonated drink bottle A was shaken gently and the formed bubbles were

observed. Bottle A was at room temperature. The bottle cap was opened slightly. 2.5

mL of vinegar was added into the bottle. The bottle cap was closed immediately and

the formed bubbles were observed. The observation was recorded in table 2.4.

C: The effect of pressure (volume)

The carbonated drinks in bottle B were shaken gently and the formed bubbles

was observed. Bottle B was placed at room temperature. The bottle cap was opened.

The carbonated drinks were filled into a clear drinking glass up to the brim. The formed

bubbles in the clear drinking glass were observed. The observation was recorded in

Table 2.4.

Conclusion:

In this experiment, more bubbles formed in carbonated drink bottles when put in hot

water compared to cool water. After that, more bubbles formed when vinegar added

to the carbonated drink. When the bottle cap is opened, there is a sudden decrease

in pressure. More bubble gas evolved.

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