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Electrical Circuits For Engineers (EC1000) : Lecture-4 Network Theorems

The document discusses the superposition theorem for electrical circuits. The superposition theorem states that the voltage or current across any element in a linear circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages or currents across that element due to each independent source acting alone. The document provides examples of using the superposition theorem to calculate currents and voltages in circuits containing multiple independent sources. It also lists several practical problems involving determining currents and voltages using the superposition theorem.

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nithish
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203 views

Electrical Circuits For Engineers (EC1000) : Lecture-4 Network Theorems

The document discusses the superposition theorem for electrical circuits. The superposition theorem states that the voltage or current across any element in a linear circuit is equal to the sum of the voltages or currents across that element due to each independent source acting alone. The document provides examples of using the superposition theorem to calculate currents and voltages in circuits containing multiple independent sources. It also lists several practical problems involving determining currents and voltages using the superposition theorem.

Uploaded by

nithish
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Circuits for Engineers

(EC1000)

Lecture-4
Network Theorems

Dr. B. Chitti Babu


Room No: 119-B, First Floor, Lab Complex
Email: [email protected]
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Electric Ckts for Engineers


4. Superposition Theorem

Statement:
The superposition principle states that the voltage across (or
current through) an element in a linear circuit is the algebraic
sum of the voltages across (or currents through) that element due
to each independent source acting alone.

• Superposition theorem is applicable to linear circuits having


two or more independent sources.

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4. Superposition Theorem
Example 1 Calculate the current through the 1 Ω resistor in the circuit shown below.

2Ω

2V 2Ω 1Ω 5A

Solution: First calculate current I1 due to voltage source alone. The current source is
open circuited. The resulting circuit is shown below.
A

2Ω
I1
2V 2Ω 1Ω

B
2
Total circuit resistance RT = 2.6667 Ω. Circuit current IT =  0.75 A
2.6667
2
Current I1 = x 0.75  0.5 A from B to A
3
Electric Ckts for Engineers
Contd.,

2Ω

2V 2Ω 1Ω 5A

Now calculate current I2 due to current source alone. The voltage source is short
circuited as shown in Fig.
A

2Ω

2Ω 1Ω 5A
I2

B
Fig. Circuit - Example 1

Noting that two 2 Ω resistors are in parallel, current I2 = 2.5 A from A to B.


When both the sources are simultaneously present:
Current through 1 Ω resistor = 2.5 - 0.5 = 2 A from A to B.
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Example 2 In the circuit shown, find the voltage drop, V0 across the 2 Ω resistor using
Superposition theorem.
10 Ω 2Ω

+ V0 -

+
3Ω 5Ω
20 V 20 Ω +
- 4A 40 V
-

Solution: 20 V source alone present: The circuit will be as shown below.


10 Ω 2Ω

+ V1 -

+
3Ω 5Ω
20 V 20 Ω
- I1
I2

 30  20   I 1  20 
Mesh current equations :     = 0 On solving, I2 = 0.9756 A
 20 27   I 2   

Thus voltage V1 = 2 x 0.9756 = 1.9512 V


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Contd.,

4 A source alone present:


The circuit will be as shown below.

10 Ω 2Ω IX

+ V2 -

3Ω 5Ω
20 Ω
4A

2 + 10 ││20 = 8.6667 Ω

5
Therefore current IX = x 4  1.4634 A
13.6667

Thus voltage V2 = - 2 x 1.4634 = - 2.9268 V


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Contd.,

40 V source alone present:


Resulting circuit is shown below.

10 Ω 2Ω IY

+ V3 -

3Ω 5Ω
20 Ω +
40 V
-

Circuit resistance RT = 5 + 2 + (10││20) = 13.6667 Ω

Current IY = 40 / 13.6667 = 2.9268 A; Thus voltage V3 = - 2 x 2.9268 = - 5.8537 V

When all the three sources are simultaneously present,

voltage across 2 Ω, i.e. V0 = V1 + V2 + V3 = 1.9512 - 2.9268 - 5.8537 = - 6.8293 V


Electric Ckts for Engineers
Practical Problems
1. Using superposition, find V0 in the circuit of below Figure.

2. Using superposition, find i in the circuit of below Figure.

Electric Ckts for Engineers


Practical Problems
3. Using superposition principle determine the current through 2 Ohm resistor
connected between A and B shown in the circuit here. (Ans: 0.82 Amps)

4. Using Norton’s & Thevenine’s theorem determine the current through 2 .Q


resistor connected between A and B shown in the circuit here.

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Practical Problems
5. Determine the current through 10 Ohm resistance of the circuit shown in
Figure using Thevenins theorem. (Ans: 95.6 mA)

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Thank You

Electric Ckts for Engineers

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