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Definition:: Dba 102: Principles of Management Session 1: Intoroduction To Management

The document provides an introduction to the principles of management. It defines management as achieving organizational goals through planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It outlines the fundamental features of management and discusses management's objectives at the organizational, personal, and social levels. The document also examines whether management is an art, a science, or both. Finally, it provides an overview of the key aspects of the management process, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

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Nilufar Rustam
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160 views

Definition:: Dba 102: Principles of Management Session 1: Intoroduction To Management

The document provides an introduction to the principles of management. It defines management as achieving organizational goals through planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. It outlines the fundamental features of management and discusses management's objectives at the organizational, personal, and social levels. The document also examines whether management is an art, a science, or both. Finally, it provides an overview of the key aspects of the management process, including planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.

Uploaded by

Nilufar Rustam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBA 102: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

SESSION 1: INTORODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT

Definition:
Management is the process of achieving organization goals through co-coordinated
performance of five specific functions: planning, organization, staffing, directing and
controlling.

The fundamental features of management are: -


(i) Management is universal – principals of management can be applied universally.
(ii) Management applies to all levels of organization
(iii) Management is purposeful – it aims to achieve a specific objective
(iv) Management is concerned with productivity – this implies effectiveness and
efficiency
(v) Management is an integrative process; the essence of management lies in the co-
ordination of individual effort into a team.
(vi) As managers, people carry out the managerial process of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing and controlling
(vii) Management involves the allocation and control of resources, human, money and
other physical resources.
(viii) Management is a social process – management is done by people, through people and
for people
(ix) Management is multi-disciplinary – it depends upon wide knowledge derived from
several disciplines
(x) Management is a continuous process – it is dynamic and an ongoing process.
Management is an art as well as a science.

Objectives of management
● Organizational objectives include:
1. Reasonable profits so as to give a fair return on the capital invested in the
business.
2. Survival and solvency of the business; continuity
3. Growth and expansion of the enterprise.
4. Improving the goodwill or reputation of the business.
● Personal objectives: an organization consists of several persons who have their own
objectives. These objectives are as follows:
1. Fair remuneration for work performed.
2. Reasonable working conditions
3. Opportunities for training and development
4. Participation in management and prosperity of the enterprise
5. Reasonable security of service.
● Social objectives: management is also expected to be responsible to various groups
outside the organization. It is expected to fulfil the objectives of society which include:
1. Quality of goods and services at fair prices to consumers
2. Honest and prompt payment of taxes to the government
3. Conservation of the environment and natural resources
4. Fair dealings with suppliers, dealers and competitors.
5. Preservation of ethical values of the society.

Importance of management
● Achievement of group goals.
● Optimum utilization of resources.
● Minimization of costs.
● Survival and growth.
● Generation of employment.
● Development of the nation.

Management a science or an art


As an art
Management is essentially an art because: -
● The process of management involves the use of know how – knowledge and skill
● Management seeks to achieve concrete practical results – profit and growth
● Management involves creativity. It involves moulding and welding the attitudes and
behaviour of people at work
● Management as any other art is a personalized process – each manager has his own style
● Good management is efficient and the success of a manager is measured by the effective
realization of organizational goals.

As a science
Management is a science because:
● There is a systematized body of knowledge in management. Principles are available
which help guide management
● The principles of management have been developed through continuous observation and
empirical verification
● The principles of management are capable of universal application.
● Management theory helps to examine and evaluate alternative courses of action to resolve
a given problem.

Overview of the management process

Planning this the process by which the organization determines what is to be done. It involves
the following processes:
● Forecasting-analyzing known information within and external to the organization in order
to predict future conditions;
● Goal setting-determining, in light of forecasts and other imperatives, of what the
organization wishes to achieve in the relevant time span;
● Decision making-making choices between different goals and courses of action,
including the identification and resolution of problems, conflicts and priorities
One of the key to this process is an understanding of where the organization is coming from and
what the future may be like.
Organizing is the management process which arranges for work to be done.
● It is concerned with the allocation of resources-both staff and others-and their
arrangements into working units and relationships, such that the agreed plans may be
carried out and achieved.
● It involves both the division of work into logical tasks and its allocation to staff and the
structural arrangement of staff into groups and organizational relationships.
Staffing is concerned with the acquisition, development, and maintenance of an efficient and
satisfied workforce in the organization. It involves
●
● recruitment,
● training,
● development and appraisal of the workforce
Directing arises out of organizing, being about ensuring that employees are appropriately
engaged in working on activities to meet goals and plans. This involves motivating and
supervising staff towards the concerted efforts needed for effective performance.
Controlling is the process of monitoring and regulating performance to ensure that it conforms to
plans and goals of the organization. Controls starts from the time plans are put into actions. It
involves continues monitoring and review of the way in which goals are being met through
performance of the designated activities.
Control also involves the taking of appropriate corrective action to ensure that what is actually
happening is in accordance with the expectations of the planning process.

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