0% found this document useful (0 votes)

8K views

HSC ICT Lecture Sheet

Uploaded by

Noveed Tahsin Amin

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

0% found this document useful (0 votes)

8K views

HSC ICT Lecture Sheet

Uploaded by

Noveed Tahsin Amin

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 86

ICT

Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT

Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-01 (ICT: World & Bangladesh Perspective)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-01 (ICT: World & Bangladesh Perspective)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 2

BKiv wemwgKvjøvRx LvjvK- co †Zvgvi cÖf~i bv‡g, whwb †Zvgv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb \
1. Z_¨ cÖhyw³(Information Technology) Kv‡K e‡j? 5. Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Dcv`vb mg~‡ni bvg ‡jL|
Dt Kw¤úDUvi Ges †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi gva¨‡g hveZxq Dt K) Kw¤úDUvi I Avbymw½K hš¿cvwZ|
Z_¨ msMÖn, GKÎxKiY, msiÿb, cÖwµqvKiY Ges wewbgq L) Kw¤úDwUs|
ev cwi‡ek‡bi eë¯’v‡K Z_¨ cÖhyw³ e‡j ev ms‡ÿ‡c GB M) †iwWI, ‡Uwjwfkb, d¨v·,|
cÖhyw³‡K IT ejv nq| N) AwWI wfwWI|
2. ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³(Communication Technology) Kv‡K e‡j? O) m¨v‡UjvBU|
Dt †h cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Z_¨ GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b P) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©|
wKsev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍi wKsev Q) B›Uvi‡bU|
GKR‡bi †WUv A‡bï wbKU ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv‡K †hvMv‡hvM R) AvaywbK †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM |
cÖhyw³ e‡j| S) g‡Wg BZ¨vw`|
3. ICT Kx? 6. Kw¤úDUvi Kv‡K e‡j?
Dt ICT Gi c~b©iƒc n‡jv Dt Computer kãwU wMÖK kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q| Kw¤úDU
Information & Communication Technology| ‡h (Compute) kã †_‡K Computer kãwU DrcwË|
cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn, mZ¨Zv I ‣eaZvhvPvB, Computer k‡ãi A_© MYbvKvix| A_©¨vr Kw¤úDUvi
msiÿb, cÖwµqvKib, AvaywbKib I eë¯’vcbvKiv nq Ges k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© MYbvKvix hš¿| ïiæ‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii
Z_¨ GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ ¯’v‡b wKsev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K cwiPq wQj MYbv h‡š¿i| wKšÍy GLb Avi Kw¤úDUvi‡K
Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍi wKsev GKR‡bi †WUv A‡bï wbKU MYbv hš¿ ejv hvq bv| Kw¤úDUvi Ggb GKwU hš¿ hv Z_¨
¯’vbvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv‡K Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e‡j| MÖnb K‡i Ges wewfbœ cÖwµqvi ga¨‡g Zv we‡kølb Ges
A_ev, Dc¯’vcb K‡i|
†h cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv †WUv‡K GK ¯’vb n‡Z Ab¨ A_ev,
¯’v‡b wKsev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍi GwU Ggb GKwU hš¿ hv Z_¨ MÖnb K‡i Ges wewfbœ
wKsev GKR‡bi †WUv A‡bï wbKU ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv‡K cÖwµqvi ga¨‡g Zv we‡kølb K‡i MvwbwZK I hyw³g~jK KvR
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e‡j| mwVK fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Kw¤úDUvi e‡j|
4. Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Ae`vb mg~n ‡jL| Kw¤úDUvi Avwe¯‹viK t 1930 mv‡j gvK©-1 Wt nvIqvW©
Dt K) AcPq †ivaK‡i| GBP AvB‡Kb (Howard H. Aiken)|
L) mgq mvkÖqx nq| 7. Kw¤úDUv‡ii •ewkó¨ mg~n †jL|
M) Z‡_ï cÖvc¨Zv mnR nq| Dt K) `ªæZMwZ|
N) ZvrÿwbK †hvMv‡hvM m¤¢e nq| †hgbt †dvb, d¨v·, L) wbf~©jZv|
B›Uvi‡bU, B-‡gBj, GmGgGm, GgGgGm cÖf…wZ| M) m~ÿZv|
O) me©‡ÿ‡Î `ÿZve„w× cvq| N) wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv|
P) eëmvq-evwb‡R¨ jvfRbK cÖwµqvm„wóK‡i| O) K¬vwšÍnxbZv|
Q) gvbe m¤ú‡ì Dbœqb NUvq| P) ¯§„wZkw³|
R) wkÿv_x©iv N‡i e‡mB AbjvB‡b we‡k¦i wewfbœ bvgx-`vgx Q) ¯^qswµqZv|
wkÿv cÖwZóv‡b wkÿv MÖnb Ki‡Z cvi‡e| R) hyw³msMZ wm×všÍ|
S) N‡i e‡mB we`y¨r,cvwb, M¨vm, †gvevBj †dv‡bi wej mn S) eûgywLZv|
mKj KvR Z_¨ cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kiv n‡”Q| T) Amxg Rxebxkw³|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 31

8. Kw¤úDUv‡ii KvR Kivi MwZ wK wn‡m‡e wbY©q K‡i? 12. B›Uvi‡bU Kx?
Dt Kw¤úDUvi KvR K‡i Òb¨v‡bv †m‡K‡ÛÓ hv 1 †m‡K‡Ûi Dt B›Uvi‡bU n‡jv c„w_exRy‡o we¯Í…Z AmsL¨ †bUIqv‡K©i
100 †KvwU fv‡Mi GK fvM (10-9 †m‡KÛ)| mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU e„nr †bUIqvK© eë¯’v|
9. ‡iwWI Kx? A_ev,
GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡iKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii
Dt †iwWI GKwU MÖvnKhš¿| wiwmfv‡ii gva¨‡g †eZvi Zi½
†hvMv‡hvM‡K †bUIqvK© e‡j| Avi GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_
avib K‡i Zv‡K GgwcødvB K‡i evwR‡q †iwWI‡Z ‡kvbv
GK ev GKvwaK †bUIqv‡K©i ms‡hvM n‡q wek¦e¨vcx we¯Í…Z
hvq| `~ieZx© ¯’v‡b †eZvi Zi½ cvwV‡q kã ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Kiv
†hvMv‡hvM‡K B›Uvi‡bU e‡j|
nq| eZ©gv‡b eûj RbwcÖq n‡jv FM (Frequency
Avwe¯‹viKt 1969 mv‡j wfbUb wR Kvd© (Vinton G.Cerf)
Modulation) †iwWI|
13. B-‡gBj(E-Mail) Kx?
‡iwWI Avwe¯‹viK t 1894 mv‡j ¸MwjgI gviKwb
Dt B-‡gBj nj B‡jKUªwbK †gBj (Electronic Mail) Gi
(Guglielmo Marconi) |
mswÿß iæc| B-‡gBj n‡jv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© eënvi
10. ‡Uwjwfkb Kx? K‡i GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨ Av`vb-
Dt ‡Uwjwfkb n‡jv Qwe I kã †cÖiKhš¿| GwU GKwU cÖ`vb Kivi cÖwµqv|
GKg~Lx †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v| G‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó m¤úªPvi †K›`ª A_ev,
†_‡K †iKW©K…Z A_ev wfwWI K¨v‡giv w`‡q avibK…Z Electronic Mail †K ms‡ÿ‡c E-Mail ejv nq| GwU
B‡jKwUªK wmMb¨vj cvVv‡bv nq Ges D³ m¤úªPvi †K‡›`ªi GKwU DbœZ I `ªæZ •e`y¨wZK WvK eë¯’v| GwU Ggb GK
P¨v‡b‡j ms‡hvMK…Z ‡Uwjwfkb †m‡U Z_¨ Qwe, kã Ges †bUIqvK© eë¯’v hvi gva¨‡g ¯^í e¨‡q ZvrÿwbKfv‡e
jvBf ‡cÖvMÖvg BZ¨vw` †`Lv hvq| we‡k¦i ‡h‡Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍ msev` Av`vb- cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1926 mv‡j Rb †jvwM ‡eqvW© (John Logie K‡qKwU Mail Address n‡”Q gmail, yahoo,
Baird)| hotmail, outlook, zoho, yandex, proton,
11. m¨v‡UjvBU Kx I GwU KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q? icloud,BZ¨vw`|
Dt m¨v‡UjvBU n‡jv GKwU K…wÎg DcMÖn hv c„w_exi Pviw`‡K
Avwe¯‹viK t 1971 mv‡j ‡i Ugwjbmb (Ray Tomlinson)
cÖ`wÿY K‡i Ggb ¯’v‡b ¯’vwcZ we‡kl ai‡bi ZviwenxbArpanet Gi gva¨‡g E-mail ‡cÖib K‡ib Ges @ wPü
wiwmfvi/UªvÝwgUvi n‡jv m¨v‡UjvBU| cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1957 mv‡j (Verner E.Suomi) fvibvi B
14. wiRv‡f©kb wm‡÷g (Reservation System)Kv‡K e‡j?
mIwg| Dt †hvMv‡hvM †ÿ‡Î wiRv‡f©kb wm‡÷g eZ©gv‡b eûj
m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui Kv‡Ri Dci wfwË K‡i K‡qK fv‡M fvM KivcÖPwjZ| B‡jKUªwbK Dcv‡q Avmb web¨¯Í Kiv‡K wiRv‡f©kb
n‡q‡Q| wm‡÷g e‡j|
h_vt K) I‡q`vi m¨v‡UjvBU| ‡hgb t wegvb, †ijI‡q, `~icvjøvi evm, †nv‡U‡ji mxU
L) KwgDwb‡Kkvb m¨v‡UjvBU| AwMÖg eywKs BZ¨vw`|
M) b¨vwf‡Mkvb m¨v‡UjvBU| 15. ‡gvevBj †dvb Kv‡K e‡j?
N) Av_© AeR©v‡fkb m¨v‡UjvBU| Dt ‡gvevBj †dvb n‡jv GKwU B‡jKUªwbK wWfvBm hv †em
O) wgwjUvix m¨v‡UjvBU| ‡÷k‡bi GKwU †mjyjvi †bUIqv‡K©i gva¨‡g dzj Wz‡cø·
wØgyLx †iwWI †UwjKwgDwb‡KkÝ‡K eënvi K‡i _v‡K|
wet`ªt m¨v‡UjvBU Gi BwZnvm mn mKj wel‡q Rb‡Z G †dvb‡K †gvevBj, †mjyjvi †dvb, †mj‡dvb bv‡gI WvKv
Avgv‡ì FB MÖæc‡c‡R R‡qb Ki A_ev Avgv‡ì I‡qe nq|
mvB‡U wfwRU Ki|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1973 mv‡j gvwU©b Kzcvi (Martin Cooper)|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 42

16. ‡UwjKbdv‡iwÝs (Teleconferencing) Kv‡K e‡j? Global Village k‡ãi A_© wek¦MÖvg | Global
Dt ‡Uwj‡dvb ms‡hvM eënvi K‡i Kw¤úDUvi AwWI- Village n‡jv Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³wbf©i Ggb GKwU
g‡Wg-wfwWI h‡š¿i mvnv‡h¨ †`k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’vb cwi‡ek, †hLv‡b `~ieZx© ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vb K‡iI c„w_exi mKj
‡_‡K †Kvb mfvq AskMÖnb Kivi c×wZ n‡”Q gvbylB GKwU GKK mgv‡R emevm Kivi myweav cvq Ges
†UwjKbdv‡iwÝs| G‡K Aci‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
‡UwjKbdv‡iwÝs 3 cÖKvi Avwe¯‹viK t 1962 mv‡j Zvi cÖKvwkZ eB `¨v ¸‡UbevM©
h_vt K) cvewjK Kbdv‡iÝ| M¨vjvw·(The Gutenberg Galaxy) wek¦MÖvg kãwU Zz‡j
L) †K¬vRW Kbdv‡iÝ| a‡ib| KvbvwWqvb `vk©wbK I †jLK nvievU© gvk©vj
M) ixW Abwj Kbdv‡iÝ| g¨vKjynvb(Herbert Marshall McLuhan) |
Avwe¯‹viK t 1975 mv‡j gwij Uvid (Morrill Tariff)| 20. wek¦MÖv‡gi myweav I Amyweav mg~n †jL|
17. wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs Kv‡K e‡j? Dt wek¦MÖv‡gi myweav mg~nt
Dt wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs n‡jv GK mvwi B›UviA¨vKwUf 1) ‡gvevBj †dvb, B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Kvi‡Y wek¦MÖvg nIqvq wek¦
†Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ †h¸‡jv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Ae¯’vb AvR gvby‡li nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq|
n‡Z wbiwew”Qbœ wØgyLx AwWI Ges wfwWI m¤úªPv‡ii 2) wewfbœ †`k Ges Zv‡ì mvs¯‥…wZ m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq|
gva¨‡g GK‡Î †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM †`q Zv‡K wfwWI 3) wK¬K K‡i gyn~‡Z©B †h †Kvb †`‡ki Z_¨ Rvbv hvq|
Kbdv‡iwÝs e‡j| 4) gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ we‡k¦i †h †Kvb ¯’v‡bi †Kvb e¨vw³i mv‡_
18. B›Uvi‡bU‡K wek¦MÖv‡gi †giæ`Û ejv nq †Kb? †hvMv‡hvM Kiv hvq|
Dt B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡gB gvbyl we‡k¦i wewfbœ cÖv‡šÍ Ae¯’vb 5) gvby‡li Kv‡Ri `ÿZv Ges MwZ e„w× cv‡”Q|
K‡i G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ mn‡R †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges 6) mn‡RB wewfbœ M‡elbvi djvdj Rvbv hv‡”Q|
wewfbœ ai‡bi Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| GBRb¨B 7) N‡i e‡mB wewfbœ †`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKv cov mn mKj KvR
B›Uvi‡bU n‡”Q wek¦MÖvg mshy³Zvi †giæ`Û| Kiv hvq|
A_ev, 8) c„w_exi †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b e‡m wPwKrmv †mev cvIqv hvq|
wek¦MÖvg n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‥…wZK 9) B-e¨vwKs, B-jvwb©s, B-‡gBj, B-eyK, B-msev` BZ¨vw`
msMVb ‡hLv‡b KgyDwbwUi mKj m`m¨ B›Uvi‡bU Z_v Z_¨ †mev mn‡RB cvIqv hvq|
†hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g mshy³| Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM 10) N‡i e‡mB B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g AvDU‡mvwms K‡i
cÖhyw³i µgea©gvb DbœwZi d‡j emevm‡hvM¨ c„w_ex µgk DcvR©b Kiv hvq|
†QvU n‡q Avm‡Q, †hb GKwU MÖv‡g cwibZ n‡”Q| Avi Gi wek¦MÖv‡gi Amyweav mg~nt
cÖavb mnvqK kw³ n‡”Q Z_¨ B›Uvi‡bU| 1) B›Uv‡bU n¨vwKs K‡i Z_¨ Pzwi nIqv|
myZivs ejv hvq, wek¦MÖvg n‡”Q B›Uvi‡bU eë¯’v| 2) AmZ¨ Z_¨ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g wek„„Ljv m„w÷ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AZGe ejv hvq ‡h B›Uvi‡bUB wek¦MÖv‡gi ‡giæ`Û| 3) e¨vsK I Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Z_¨ Pzwi Kiv| †WweU I
19. wek¦MÖvg(Global Village) Kv‡K e‡j? †µwWU KvW© RvwjqvwZ|
Dt wek¦MÖvg n‡”Q Ggb GKwU mvgvwRK ev mvs¯‥…wZK 4) mvBevi Avµgb msNwUZ nIqv|
eë¯’v, †hLv‡b c„w_exi mKj cÖv‡šÍi gvbylB GKwU GKK 5) mn‡R mvs¯‥…wZK wewbg‡qi d‡j †Kvb †`‡ki wbR¯^
mgv‡R emevm K‡i Ges B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv I Z_¨ cÖhyw³ ms¯‥…wZi wejwß NUv|
eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Zviv mn‡RB Zv‡ì wPšÍv-‡PZbv, 6) cÖhyw³i †ewk eënv‡ii d‡j kvixwiK mgm¨v m„wó nIqv|
AwfÁZv, ms¯‥…wZ-K…wó BZ¨vw` wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i I G‡K 7) RbMb †Kvb wKQz c‡o Gi my‡Î hvPvB bv K‡i mZ¨ e‡j
Aci‡K †mev cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
A_ev,

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 53

21. wek¦MÖvg cÖwZôvi Dcv`vbmg~n eb©Yv `vI| 4) wPwKrmv (Care And Treatment)|
Dt wb‡P wek¦MÖvg cÖwZôvi cÖavb cÖavb Dcv`vbmg~n D‡jøL 5) M‡elbv (Research)|
Kivi n‡jvt 6) Awdm (Office)|
1) nvW©Iq¨vi (Hardware)| 7) evm¯’vb (Residence)|
2) mdUIq¨vi (Software)| 8) eëmvq-evwbR¨ (Business)|
3) Kv‡bKwUwfwU (Connectivity)| 9) msev` (News)|
4) ‡WUv (Data)| 10) we‡bv`b I mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM (Entertainment
5) gvby‡li Ávb ev mÿgZv (Capacity)| and Social Communication)|
nvW©Iq¨vi(Hardware) t †h mKj hš¿cvwZ ¯úk© Kiv 11) mvs¯‥…wZK wewbgq (Cultural Exchange)|
hvq I Abyfe Kiv hvq Zv‡K nvW©Iq¨vi e‡j| nvW©Iq¨vi 23. Z_¨ cÖhyw³ wbf©i wek¦MÖvg-e¨vL¨v Ki|
ej‡Z GLv‡b Kw¤úDUvi Avi GK mv‡_ hš¿cvwZ, †gvevBj Dt wek¦MÖvg Ggb GKwU cwi‡ek †hLv‡b c„w_exi mKj
†dvb, ¯§vU© †dvb, AwWI-wfwWI †iKW©vi, m¨v‡UjvBU, gvbyl GKK mgv‡R emevm K‡i Ges B‡jKUªwbK wgwWqv I
†iwWI, ‡Uwjwfkb Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i mv‡_ Z_¨ cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g G‡K Aci‡K †mev cÖ`vb
m¤ú„³ wWfvBm mg~n|
K‡i| Z_¨ I ‡hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i we¯Í…Z eënvi Z_v Z_¨
mdUIq¨vi(Software) t mdUIq¨vi n‡jv Ggb GKwU Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Bbdi‡gkb mycvi nvBI‡qi mv‡_
myÿ wRwbm hv ïaygvÎ Abyfe Kiv hvq wKšÍy ¯úk© Kiv hvq ms‡hvM Qvov wek¦MÖv‡gi aviYv Am¤¢e|
bv Zv‡K mdUIq¨vi e‡j| mdUIq¨v‡ii g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
24. BBS Kv‡K e‡j?
wewfbœ ai‡bi Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g, eªvDwRs mdUIq¨vi,
KwgDwb‡KwUs mdUIq¨vi Ges †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv| Dt BBS Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Bulletin Board System
GwU GKwU kw³kvjx †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUv‡ii A_©¨vr
Kv‡bKwUwfwU(Connectivity) t wek¦MÖv‡gi MÖv‡gi
†giæ`Û n‡jv wbivc`fv‡e wi‡mvm© †kqvi Kivi B›Uvi‡bU †gBb‡d«g ev wgwb ev mycvi gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_
mshy³Zv ev Kv‡bKwUwfwU hvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ DcvË I Z_¨ †Uwj‡dvb jvBb ev B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKk‡bi gva¨‡g mshy³
cÖwZwU gvby‡li wbKU †c․uQv‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î n‡q Kg ÿgZvm¤úbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb
†UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb, eªWKvwós Ges B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i Kivi eë¯’v‡K ey‡jwUb †evW© e‡j|
B›Uvi‡bU Kv‡bKkb †Ìqvi eë¯’v Kiv n‡q _v‡K| 25. AvDU‡mvwms(Outsourcing) Kv‡K e‡j?
‡WUv(Data) t †WUv n‡”Q A‡MvQv‡jv ev G‡jv‡g‡jv fv‡e Dt Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g AbjvBb gv‡K©U‡cø‡m
Qwo‡q wQwU‡q _vKv wKQz Z_¨ ev Information| ‡WUv‡K †`‡k-we‡`‡ki wewfbœ e¨w³ ev cÖwZóv‡bi KvQ n‡Z AW©vi
cÖwµqvKib ev cÖ‡mwms K‡i eënvi‡hvM¨ Bbdi‡gkb ev wb‡q nvRvi nvRvi KvR A‡_©i wewbg‡q m¤úv`b Kiv‡K
Z‡_¨ cwibZ Kviv nq|
AvDU‡mvwms e‡j|
gvby‡li Ávb ev mÿgZv(Capacity) t wek¦MÖv‡gi AvDUv‡mvwms †K wd«j¨vwÝs ev Db¥y³ †ckv ejv nq|
Dcv`vb¸‡jv g‡a¨ gvby‡li Ávb ev mÿgZv Ab¨Zg| Z_¨ ‡hgb t Odesk.com,Freelance.com BZ¨vw` mvBU n‡Z
I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i AeKvVv‡gv eënvi Kivi Ávb bv
KvR wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq|
_vK‡j Gi mydj cvIqv m¤¢e bq| myZivs ejv hvq- †h
†Kv‡bv wel‡q Ávb AvniY ev weZi‡bi Rb¨ GB cÖhyw³‡Z 26. wWwRUvj K¬vm iæg ev gvwëwgwWqv iæg Kx?
gvby‡li Ávb ev mÿgZv AZ¨vek¨K| Dt wWwRUvj K¬vm iæg n‡”Q Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU I
gvwëwgwWqv mg„×| †kÖwbK‡ÿ cÖ‡Z¨K wkÿv_x©i †W‡¯‥
22. wek¦MÖv‡gi avibv mswkøó cÖavb Dcv`vbmg~n ¸‡jv wK wK?
Kw¤úDUvi ev j¨vcUc ev †bvU c¨vW eënvi Kivi eë¯’v
Dt cÖavb cÖavb Dcv`vb¸‡jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jvt
_vK‡e| wkÿK KZ…©K gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g
1) ‡hvMv‡hvM(Communication) |
Kw¤úDUvi Øviv we‡kl mdUIq¨vi eënvi K‡i cvV`v‡bi
2) Kg©ms¯’vb (Employment)|
Dc‡hvMx K¬vm‡K wWwRUvj K¬vm iæg e‡j|
3) wkÿv (Education )|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 64
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-01 (ICT: World & Bangladesh Perspective)

27. fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU(Virtual Reality) Kv‡K e‡j? cÖ‡qvM K‡i Z¡‡Ki A¯^vfvweK Ges †ivMvµvšÍ wUmy¨ aŸsm
Dt cÖK…Z A‡_© ev¯Íe bq wKšÍy ev¯Í‡ei †PZbv D‡`ªKKvix, Kiv nq Zv‡K µv‡qvmvR©vwi e‡j|
weÁvbwbf©i Kíbv‡K fvPz©qvj wi‡qwjwU e‡j| fvPz©qvj Avwe¯‹viK t 1920 mv‡j W. Biwfs Kzcvi (Irving
wi‡qwjwU n‡jv mdUIq¨vi wbwg©Z GKwU KvíwbK cwi‡ek, Cooper) I Avb©ì wj (Arnold Lee) |
hv eënviKvixi Kv‡Q ev¯Íe RMr wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| 34. µv‡qvce(Cryoprobe) Kx?
28. Smart Home Kx? Dt µv‡qvmvR©vwi c×wZ‡Z †ivMvµvšÍ wUmyï Dci GK
cÖKvi †MvjvKvi bj w`‡q cÖ‡jc †`qv nq| GB †MvjvKvi
Dt Smart Home n‡jv Ggb GKwU evm¯’vb †hLv‡b
bj‡K µv‡qvcÖe e‡j|
wi‡gvU K‡›Uªvwjs ev †cÖvMÖvwgs wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ evwoi 35. gnvKvk Awfhvb Kx?
wnwUs wm‡÷g, Kzwjs wm‡÷g, jvBwUs wm‡÷g I Dt c„w_exi evB‡i gnvk~‡bï inm¨ Avwe¯‥v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
wmwKDwiwU K‡›Uªvj wm‡÷g BZ¨vw` wbqš¿b Kiv hvq| PvwjZ AbymÜvb ev Awfhvb‡K gnvKvk Awfhvb ejv nq|
29. ‣bwZKZv Kx? 36. ev‡qv‡gwUª· Kv‡K e‡j?
Dt •bwZKZv n‡jv gvby‡li KvR Kg©, AvPvi eënv‡ii Dt “Biometrics” wMÖK kã| “Bio” A_© Rxeb I
†mB g~jbxwZ hvi Ici wfwË K‡i gvbyl GKwU Kv‡Ri “metric” A_© cwigvc| ev‡qv‡gwUª· n‡jv Ggb GKwU
fv‡jv ev g›` w`K wePvi we‡kølb Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖhyw³ †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv e¨w³i †`‡ni MVb I •ewk‡óï
30. K…wÎg eyw×gËv(Artificial Intelligent) Kx? Dci wfwË K‡i Zv‡K Unique ev AwØZxqfv‡e wPwüZ
Dt K…wÎg eyw×gËv n‡jv gvby‡li wPšÍvfvebv ¸‡jv‡K K…wÎg Kiv nq Zv‡K ev‡qv‡gwUª· e‡j|
Dcv‡q Kw¤úDUvi ev Kw¤úDUvi cÖhyw³wbf©i h‡š¿i g‡a¨ Avwe¯‹viK t 1978 mv‡j cvIwjb nhI‡qM (Paulien
iæc †Ìqvi eë¯’v Kiv| Hogeweg)|
Avwe¯‹viKt 1956 mv‡j wgU (MIT) I Rb g¨vKv_x© 37. ev‡qv‡gwUª· Gi eënvi mg~n †jL|
(John McCarthy)| Dt ev‡qv‡gwUª· Gi eënvi mg~n-
31. G·cvU© wm‡÷g Kv‡K e‡j? 1) cvm‡cvU© •Zwi|
Dt G·cvU© wm‡÷g n‡jv GK ai‡bi wm×všÍ mg_©b c×wZ 2) AvBwW KvW©|
hv wbw`©ó wel‡q gvby‡li b¨vq K…wÎg `ÿZv wb‡q •Zwi| 3) WªvBwfs jvB‡mÝ|
D”P ÿgZvm¤úbœ A‡bK¸‡jv gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi I wPc 4) ‡Wvi K‡›Uªvj|
eënvi K‡i †cÖvMÖvwgs‡qi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi K…wÎg 5) GwUGg KvW©|
eyw×gËvi m„wó Kiv nq| G wm‡÷g †_‡K cÖkœ K‡i DËi 6) AvBbk„„Ljvq|
Rvb‡Z cv‡i| 7) Kw¤úDUvi K‡›Uªvj wmwKDwiwU|
32. ‡iv‡evwU·(Robotics) Kx? 8) ‡mjvwi g¨v‡bR‡g›U BZ¨vw`|
Dt Robot kãwU G‡m‡Q ¯øvwfK kã Robota n‡Z hvi 38. ‡R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis Kv‡K e‡j?
A_© ÔkÖwgKÕ| cÖhyw³i †h kvLvq †ive‡Ui bKkv, MVb I Dt †Kvb Rxe †_‡K GKwU wbw`©ó wRb (Gene) enbKvix
KvR m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq †mB kvLv‡K Robotics DNA(Deoxyribonucleic acid) c„_K K‡i wfbœ GKwU
e‡j| Rx‡e ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii †K․kj‡K †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis e‡j|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1920 mv‡j ‡Rv‡md Gd G‡ÄjevR©vi A_ev,
(Joseph F.Engelberger)| eskMwZ msµvšÍ wel‡q AvnwiZ Ávb‡K gvby‡li
33. µv‡qvmvR©vwi(Cryosurgery) Kv‡K e‡j? g„M‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ Kv‡R jvMv‡bv cÖwµqv‡K †R‡bwUK
Dt µv‡qvmvR©vwi n‡”Q GK cÖKvi wPwKrmv c×wZ| wMÖK BwÄwbqvwis e‡j|
kã ÔCryoÕ A_© ei‡di g‡Zv VvÛv Ges ÔSurgeryÕ A_© Avwe¯‹viK t 1951 mv‡j R¨vK DBwjqvgmb (Jack
nv‡Zi KvR| †h c×wZ‡Z AZ¨waK kxZj ZvcgvÎv Williamson)|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 75

39. b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR Kv‡K e‡j? K‡i wb‡Ri bv‡g Pvwj‡q †`qv BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg‡K
Dt b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR †K ms‡ÿ‡c b¨v‡bv‡UK e‡j| mdUIq¨vi cvB‡iwm e‡j|
b¨v‡bvcÖhyw³ c`v_©‡K AvbweK ch©v‡q cwieZ©b I wbqš¿b 45. ‡cøwRqvwiRg(Plagiarism) Kx?
Kivi we`¨v| b¨v‡bv‡UK‡bvjwR n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ Dt †h †Kvb Dr‡mi †jLv ms‡hvRb Kiv ‡nvK bv †Kb
†hLv‡b b¨v‡bv †¯‥‡j GKwU e¯Íy‡K wbcybfv‡e eënvi Kiv
Zv‡Z g~j †jLK ev g~j K‡g©i ¯ªóvi bvg Aek¨B
hvq A_©¨vr Gi cwieZ©b, cwiea©b, aŸsm ev m„wó Kiv
hvq| ms‡hvRb Kiv bv n‡j Zv Aciva wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
A_ev, G ai‡bi Aciva‡K ‡cøwRqvwiRg e‡j|
b¨v‡bv cÖhyw³ n‡jv cvigvbweK ev AvbweK †¯‥‡j 46. B-Kgvm© Kx?
AwZÿz`ª wWfvBm ‣Zwi Kivi Rb¨ avZe I e¯Íy‡K Dt B‡jKUªwbK Kgvm©‡KB mvavib A‡_© B-Kgvm© e‡j|
mywbcybfv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi weÁvb| A_©¨vr B›Uvi‡bU ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i
Avwe¯‹viK t 1959 mv‡j wiPvW© dvBbg¨vb (Richard gva¨‡g B‡jKUªwbK c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv cb¨ ev ‡mev µq-
Feynman)| weµ‡qi KvRwU‡KB B-Kgvm© e‡j|
40. n¨vwKs(Hacking) Kx? 47. B-Kgv‡m©i myweav mg~n †jL|
Dt ‡cÖvMÖvg iPbv I cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g †Kvb Kw¤úDUvi Dt B-Kgv‡m©i myweav mg~n-
wm‡÷g ev †bUIqv‡K©i ÿwZmvab Kiv‡K n¨vwKs e‡j| 1) `ªæZ µq-weµq c×wZ, mn‡R cb¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq|
A_ev, 2) eëmv cwiPvjbv LiP Kgvq|
n¨vwKs n‡”Q AbvwaKvi cÖ‡ek Ges A‣bwZK 3) ‡f․‡MvwjK mxgve×Zv AwZµg K‡i mn‡RB †µZvi
Kg©KvÛ| hv Kw¤úDUv‡i ev I‡qemvB‡U Xz‡K A‡bï Kv‡Q ‡c․uQv hvq|
Z‡_ï ÿwZ mvab Kiv‡K n¨vwKs e‡j| 4) c‡bï ¸bMZ gvb Dbœqb K‡i|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1995 mv‡j K¨vwfb †WwfW wgUwbK (Kevin 5) Kg Li‡P DbœZ †mev cÖ`vb K‡i|
David Mitnick)| 6) evwn¨K †mUAvc QvovB eëmv Kiv hvq|
41. ¯úywds I w¯œwds (Spoofing & Sniffing) Kx? 7) mn‡RB eëmv ïiæ Kiv hvq Ges eë¯’vcbv Kiv hvq|
Dt ¯úywds t f~qv I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Avw_©K Z_¨vw` 8) ‡µZv ‣`wnKfv‡e bv wM‡q wewfbœ †cÖvfvBWvi‡ì †cÖvWv±
nvwZ‡q †bqvi GKwU mvavib c×wZ‡K ¯úywds e‡j| wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
w¯œwds t ‡h †Kv‡bv Z_¨ UªvÝwgkb jvBb w`‡q Z_¨ hvevi 48. ¯ú¨vwgs(Spamming) Kx?
mgq Z_¨‡K Zz‡j ‡bqvi c×wZ‡K w¯œwds e‡j| Dt A‡bK mgq AcÖ‡qvRbxq †gBj Av‡m, hv LyeB
42. mvBevi-Avµgb (Cyber-attack) ev mvBevi Iqvi‡d- weiw³Ki, GB †gBj¸‡jv‡K ¯úvwgs †gBj e‡j| G
qvi Kv‡K e‡j? ai‡bi †gBj I‡qe mvfv©i e¨¯Í iv‡L, †g‡gvwi RvqMv
Dt †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbqš¿b AR©‡bi cÖ‡Póv Ges `Lj K‡i|
†Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev MÖæ‡ci AbygwZ QvovB Zv‡ì mgMÖ 49. mgv‡R Z_¨ cÖhyw³i mydj I Kzdj mg~n wK wK?
MwZwewa‡K Uª¨vK Kiv‡K mvBevi Avµgb e‡j| Dt mgv‡R Z_¨ cÖhyw³i mydj mg~n-
43. mvBevi ‡_dU(Cyber theft) Kx? 1) mgq evPvq|
Dt Amr D‡Ïk¨ eënv‡ii Rb¨ wKsev Ab¨vb¨ A‣ea 2) AcPq Kgvq|
eënv‡ii Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i eëmvwqK A_ev 3) `ÿZv e„w×|
e¨w³MZ Z_¨vw` Pzwi KivB n‡jv mvBevi ‡_dU| 4) Z‡_ï cÖvPzh©|
44. mdUIq¨vi cvB‡iwm(Software Piracy) Kx? 5) `ªæZ †hvMv‡hvM|
6) wfwWI Kbdv‡iwÝs|
Dt ‡h †Kv‡bv mdUIq¨vi cÖ¯ÍyZKvixi webv AbygwZ‡Z
7) eëmv-ewb‡R¨|
†Kvb mdUIq¨vi Kwc Kiv, weZib Kiv, AvswkK cwieZ©b 8) wkÿ‡ÿ‡Î|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 86

9) B-Mf‡b©Ý| 52. ‡Uwj‡gwWwmb Kv‡K e‡j?

10) ‡hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vq| Dt B›Ui‡bU, †Uwj Kbdv‡iÝ ev wfwWI Kbdv‡i‡Ýi
11) wPwKrmvq| gva¨‡g c„w_exi †h‡Kv‡bv †`‡k Ae¯’vb K‡iI GKRb
12) Kg©ms¯’vb|
Wv³vi Ab¨ ‡h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bi †Kv‡bv †ivMxi wPwKrmv
13) we‡bv`b‡ÿ‡Î|
14) cÖwZiÿv eë¯’v| †mev w`‡q _v‡Kb, Zv‡K B-Wv³vi ev †Uwj‡gwWmb e‡j|
53. AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡R›U Kx? Gi RbK †K?
mgv‡R Z_¨ cÖhyw³i Kzdj mg~n- Dt gvby‡li wPšÍv fvebv A_ev eyw×gËvi c×wZ‡K K…wÎg
Dcv‡q cÖhyw³ wbf©i hš¿ ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb
1) AcivacÖebZv| Kiv‡K AvwU©wdwmqvj Bb‡Uwj‡R›U e‡j|
2) AkøxjZv|
Avwe¯‹viK t 1940 mv‡j A¨vjvb Uzwis (Alan turing)|
3) Z‡_ï †MvcbxqZv cÖKvk|
4) ‡eKviZ¡ m„wó|
5) kvixwiK mgm¨v|
6) eyw×gËvi ÿwZMÖ¯ÍZv| “ nvwm I Kvbœv Ê
7) wg_¨v cÖPviYv|
8) wWwRUvj wWfvBW| এক চা঱াক ব্যক্তি কয়েকজন ল঱ায়কর উয়েয়লয
50. ICT Gi A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb mg~n wK wK? একটি মজার লজাক঴ ব্঱য়঱ন।এটি শুয়ন ঴ব্াআ পাগয়঱র
Dt ICT Gi A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb mg~n- ময়ো ঵া঴য়ে ঱াগয়঱া।
1) wewb‡qvM|
ক্তকছু ক্ষন পর ল঱াকটি ঴ব্ার উয়েয়লয অব্ার ল঴আ
2) Kg©ms¯’vb| একআ লজাক঴টি ব্঱য়঱ন।এব্ারও োয়ের ময়যয কয়েকজন
3) AvDU‡mvwms| ল঱াক ঵া঴য়঱ন ও ব্াকীয়ের অর ঵াক্ত঴ অ঴য়঱া না।
4) eëmvq D‡`¨vM|
5) Drcv`bkxjZv e„w×| এরপর ল঴আ চা঱াক ব্যক্তি একআ লজাক঴ ব্ার ব্ার
6) ÿz`ª eëmvq| ব্঱য়ে ঱াগয়঱ন। ললয়঳ এমন ঄ব্স্থা ঵য়঱া ল঴ ব্ার ব্ার
একআ লজাক঴ শুয়ন ঵া঴ার ময়ো অর লকউ থাকয়঱া না।
7) ‡hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vq Dbœqb|
8) wkÿv we¯Ívi| এব্ার ক্তেক্তন মুচক্তক ঵া঴য়঱ন এব্ং ঴ব্ার উয়েয়লয ব্঱য়঱নঃ
9) B-Mf‡b©Ý|
10) B-e¨vswKs| লেয় া। লোমরা একআ লজাক঴ শুয়ন ব্ার ব্ার
11) ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs BZ¨vw`| ঵া঴য়ে পায়রা না। ো঵য়঱ লকন লোমরা জীব্য়ন পাওো
লকান একটা কয়ের জয়নয ক্তেয়নর পর ক্তেন কাাঁেয়ে থায়কা?
51. fvBivm(VIRUS) Kx?
Dt VIRUS Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Vital Information গল্প লথয়ক ক্তলক্ষাঃ
Resources Under Seize| GwU n‡jv GK ai‡bi
ARvbv ÿwZKviK ‡cÖvMÖvg hv ¯^qswµqfv‡e wbe©vn, অমরা লযমন ঵াক্ত঴র কারণ থাকা ঴য়েও ঴ব্঴মে
msµgY I esk e„w× K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡i iwÿZ Ab¨vb¨ ঵াক্ত঴ না...
†cÖvMÖvg‡K bó K‡i †`q Zv‡K fvBivm e‡j| লেমন কয়র কান্নার কারণ থাকয়঱ও কাাঁেয়ব্া না।
঴ব্ ক্তকছু ভু য়঱; ঴াময়ন এক্তগয়ে যাওোআ জীব্ন।
K‡qKwU fvBiv‡mi bvgt Trojon horse, Abraxas,
Melissa, The Anna Kournikova Etc.

Avwe¯‹viK t 1986 mv‡j ‡d«W †Kv‡nb (Fred Cohen)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 97

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

1. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kv‡K e‡j? M) I‡qf KwgDwb‡Kkb t mKj ai‡bi KwgDwb‡Kkb hv

Dt wewfbœ Kw¤úDUvi †Kvb †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vi Øviv GKm‡½ †g‡mR‡K GKwU kw³i Drm Øviv enb K‡i cÖKvk Kiv‡K
hy³ _vK‡j Zv‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© e‡j| I‡qf KwgDwb‡Kkb e‡j|
2. B›Uv‡bU Kv‡K e‡j? ‡hgbt evqy, cvwb, gnvk~b¨ BZ¨vw`|
Dt ÿz`ª ÿz`ª †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU e„nr N) †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb t `~ieZx© ¯’v‡b †hvMv‡hv‡Mi c×wZ‡K
†bUIqv©K‡K B›Uvi‡bU e‡j| †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb e‡j|
3. ‡WUv Kx? ‡hgbt †Uwj‡dvb, †gvevBj †dvb, †Uwjwfkb, †iwWI
Dt Data kãwU j¨vwUb kã Datum -Gi eûePb| Datum BZ¨vw`|
A_© n‡”Q Z‡_ï Dcv`vb| Z‡_ï AšÍf©~³ ÿz`ªZg Askmg~n 8. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi Dcv`vb mg~‡ni eY©bv Ki|
n‡”Q †WUv ev DcvË| Dt †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g 5wU Dcv`vb wb‡q MwVZ|
A_©¨vr, †h ‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ ev DcvË‡KB †WUv e‡j| h_vt K) Drm
4. KwgDwb‡Kkb Kx? L) †cÖiK
Dt KwgDwb‡Kkb kãwU j¨vwUb kã “Communicare” M) gva¨g
‡_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi A_© “to Share”(Av`vb-cÖ`vb) Kiv| N) MÖvnK
KwgDwb‡Kkb kãwUi A_© nj †hvMv‡hvM| O) MšÍe¨|
K) Drm t ‡h wWfvBm n‡Z †WUv cvVv‡bv nq Zv‡K Drm
5. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Kv‡K e‡j?
e‡j|
Dt ‡Kvb †WUv‡K GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b A_ev GK
‡hgb t Kw¤úDUvi, †Uwj‡dvb BZ¨vw`|
wWfvBm †_‡K Ab¨ wWfvB‡m A_ev GKR‡bi †WUv
Ab¨R‡bi wbKU evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kvivi c×wZ L) ‡cÖiKt Drm †_‡K cÖvc‡Ki wbKU †WUv cvVv‡bvi Rb¨
n‡jv †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb| †h hš¿ eëüZ nq Zv‡K †cÖiK e‡j|
‡hgbt Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K ‡cbWªvBf, ‡gvevBj,g‡Wg BZ¨vw`| ‡hgb t g‡Wg|
6. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi †g․wjK Dcv`vb KqwU I Kx Kx? M) gva¨gt hvi gva¨‡g †WUvmg~n GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b
Dt ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi †g․wjK Dcv`vb 3wU ev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq
Zv‡K gva¨g e‡j|
h_vt K) ‡cÖiK|
‡hgb t †iwWI I‡qe, K¨vej, gvB‡µvI‡qf, m¨v‡UjvBU
L) gva¨g|
BZ¨vw`|
M) MÖvnK|
N) MÖvnKt †h hš¿ †WUv MÖnb K‡i Zv‡K MÖvnK e‡j|
7. KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv Ki?
‡hgbt g‡Wg, ‡gvevB‡ji wmg BZ¨vw`|
Dt KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g 4 cÖKvi
O) MšÍe¨t me©‡kl MšÍe¨ wn‡m‡e mvf©vi ev Kw¤úDUvi
h_vt K) ev‡qvjwRK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb|
eëüZ nq|
L) MÖvwdK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb|
‡hgbt Kw¤úDUvi|
M) I‡qf KwgDwb‡Kkb|
9. Bps, weU I K¨v‡i±vi ev Word Kx?
N) †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb|
Dt bps t cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û weU †WUv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nIqvi
K) ev‡qvjwRK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb t mKj ai‡bi
nvi‡K bps ev Bit Per Second e‡j|
KwgDwb‡Kkb †hLv‡b kix‡ii wewfbœ Ask Øviv Kiv nq
Zv‡K ev‡qvjwRK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb e‡j| weUt Z‡_ï ÿz`ªZg GKK n‡jv weU (Bit)| Bit Gi
‡hgb t gw¯Í¯‥, ¯îhš¿, Kvb, evû, Ges nvZ BZ¨vw`| cy‡iv bvg Binary Digit|
L) MÖvwdK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb t mKj ai‡bi KwgDwb‡Kkb GK weU mgvb evBbvwi Z_¨ 0 ev 1|
†hLv‡b Qwe I wP‡üi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K K¨v‡i±vit 8 we‡U 1(GK) evBU (Byte)| 1 evBU mgvb
MÖvwdK¨vj KwgDwb‡Kkb e‡j| GK K¨v‡i±vi ev Word |
‡hgb t Qwe, G¨vwb‡gkb, wfwWI BZ¨vw`|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 28
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

10. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb (Data Transmission) ¯úxW Kx? 18. Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps Gi c~b©iæc wjL|
Dt †gvevBj n‡Z A_ev GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Dt
Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K †WUv UªvÝwgkb ¯úxW  Bps = Bit per Second (1 bit= 0 or 1)
e‡j|  Kbps = Kilobits per Second (1024 bit= 1Kb)
11. wmMb¨vj Kx?  Mbps = Megabits per Second (1024 kb= 1Mb)
Dt mg‡qi mv‡_ †fv‡ë‡Ri cwieZ©b‡K A_©¨vr DVvbvgv‡K  Gbps = Gigabits per second (1024mb= 1Gb)
wmMb¨vj e‡j|
 Tbps = Terabits per second (1024gb= 1Tb)
wmMb¨vj `yB cÖKvi
GQvov AviI Av‡Q- Peta,Exa,Zetta,Yotta.
h_vt K) GbvjM wmMb¨vj |
19. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb ¯úxW KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv `vI?
L) wWwRUvj wmMb¨vj |
Dt ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡bi MwZ‡Z 3 fv‡M wef³|
12. I‡qfdg© Kx?
h_vt K) b¨v‡iv e¨vÛ (Narrow Band)
Dt †WUv KwgDwb‡Kk‡b ev †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU
L) f‡qm e¨vÛ (Voice Band)
nq †fv‡ë‡Ri DVvbvgvi gva¨‡g, GB DVvbvgv cÖvKv‡ki
aib‡K ejv nq I‡qfdg©| M) eªW e¨vÛ (Broad Band)
13. ¯‥qvi I‡qf I mvBb I‡qf Kv‡K e‡j? K) b¨v‡iv e¨vÛt mvavibZ 45bps †_‡K 300bps ch©šÍ
n‡q _v‡K| GB e¨vÛ axiMwZ m¤úbœ †WUv UªvÝwgkb- Gi
Dt ¯‥qvi I‡qft
†ÿ‡Î eënvi Kiv nq|
wWwRUvj wmMbv‡ji I‡qedg©‡K ¯‥qvi I‡qf e‡j|
‡hgbt †UwjMÖvd|
mvBb I‡qft
L) f‡qm e¨vÛt f‡qm e¨v‡Ûi MwZ mvavibZ 1200 bps
GbvjM wmMbv‡ji I‡qedg©‡K mvBb I‡qf e‡j| †_‡K 9600 bps ev 9.6 Kbps ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| GwU
14. GgwcøPz¨W(Amplitude) Kx? mvavibZ †Uwj‡dv‡b †ewk eëüZ nq|
Dt GKwU I‡q‡fi m‡ev©”P I me©wb¤œ c‡q‡›Ui `yiZ¡‡K ‡hgbt †Uwj‡dvb, wcÖ›Uvi, KvW©-wiWvi BZ¨vw`|
GgwcøPz¨W e‡j| M) eªW e¨vÛt D”P MwZm¤úbœ †WUv ¯’vbvšÍi cÖwµqvq eªW
GB GgwcøPz¨W hZ †ewk n‡e †mB wmMb¨vj ZZ kw³kvjx e¨vÛ eënvi Kiv nq| G e¨v‡Ûi MwZ 1Mbps Gi †P‡q
n‡e| GB kw³‡K gvcv nq Gw¤úqvi(Ampere) wn‡m‡e| ‡ewk n‡q _v‡K| GwU m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf
15. wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ(Frequency) Kx? KwgDwb‡Kk‡b eëüZ nq|
Dt cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †Kv‡bv wmMb¨vj hZ¸wj I‡qe ‣Zwi K‡i ‡hgbt Wi-MAX, m¨v‡UjvBU, gvB‡µvI‡qf, ‡Kv-
Zv‡K wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ e‡j| GwK&ªqvj K¨vej, AcwUK¨vj dvBevi BZ¨vw`|
GB wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ gvcv nq nvR©(Hz) wn‡m‡e| 20. UªvÝwgkb †g_W Kv‡K e‡j?
16. e¨vÛ DBW&_(Band Width) Kx? Dt GKwU Kw¤úDUvi n‡Z Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb
Dt GKwU gva¨g n‡Z Ab¨ gva¨‡g cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û †h cwigvY nIqvi cÖwµqvi c×wZ ev wm‡÷g‡K UªvÝwgkb †g_W e‡j|
weU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq Zv‡K e¨vÛ DBW&_ e‡j| 21. weU wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb Kv‡K e‡j?
‡hgbt Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps BZ¨vw`| Dt †h †Kv‡bv †WUv cvVv‡bvi mgq wmMb¨vj weU I †WUv
17. 325Kbps ej‡Z Kx eySvq? weU¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgš^‡qi Rb¨ eëüZ c×wZ‡K weU
wmb‡µvbvB‡Rkb e‡j|
Dt GKK mg‡q GK Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi ev
GK wWfvBm †_‡K Ab¨ wWfvB‡m †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi‡K
‡WUv UªvÝwgkb w¯úW e‡j| ‡kLv‡Z †M‡jB †kLv nq \
325Kbps ej‡Z †evSvq cÖwZ †m‡K‡Û 325 wK‡jvevBU --- Rvcvbx cÖev`
†WUv GK wWfvBm †_‡K Ab¨ wWfvB‡m ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 39

22. ‡WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx eb©Yv `vI? M) ci ci `ywU eøK UªvÝwgU nIqvi ga¨eZx© mgq mgvb nq|
Dt wmb‡µvbvB‡Rk‡bi wfwË‡Z N) cÖwZ eø‡Ki ïiæ‡Z GKwU †nWvi Ges †k‡l GKwU
†WUv UªvÝwgkb †g_W 3 cÖKvi, †UªBjvi Bbdi‡gkb wmMb¨vj cVv‡bv nq|
h_vt K) A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb 24. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm I wmb‡µvbv‡mi myweav I Amyweav wjL|
Dt A¨vwmb‡µvbvm Gi myweav t
(Asynchronous Transmission)| K) Aí K‡i †WUv cwien‡bi cwi‡e‡k †hgb B›Uvi‡b‡U
L) wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb GB c×wZ †ewk Dc‡hvMx|
L) †cÖiK ‡h‡Kv‡bv mgq †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i Ges MÖvnK Zv
(Synchronous Transmission) | MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
M) AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb M) †cÖi‡Ki †Kv‡bv cÖvBgvwi †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi cÖ‡qvRb
(Isochronous Transmission) | nq bv|
K) A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt †h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †WUv N) Bb÷‡jkb LiP AZ¨šÍ Kg|
†cÖi‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †WUv cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q K¨v‡i±vi evB A¨vwmb‡µvbvm Gi Amyweavt
K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nq Zv‡K A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j|
K) wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi Zzjbvq Gi `ÿZv Kg|
‡hgbt cÖwZ K¨v‡i±v‡i 10 ev 11 we‡Ui †WUvq iæcvšÍwiZ
L) †WUv UªvÝwgk‡b MwZ A‡cÿvK…Z Kg|
n‡q ‡WUv UªvÝwgU nq|
M) gvB‡µvI‡qf ev m¨v‡UjvBU gva¨‡gi †ÿÎ AZ¨šÍ
L) wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt †h UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷‡g †WUv
e¨qeûj|
mg~n‡K eøK AvKv‡i fvM K‡i cÖwZ evi 1wU K‡i eøK UªvÝwgU
Kiv nq Zv‡K wmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkb e‡j| N) cÖwZ e‡Y©i mv‡_ ÷vU© weU I ÷c weU cvVv‡bv nq|
‡hgbt cÖwZ eøK 80 †_‡K 132wU K¨v‡i±vi wb‡q MwVZ nq| wmb‡µvbvm Gi myweavt
M) AvB‡mv‡µvbvm UªvÝwgkbt ‡h UªvÝwgk‡b †cÖiK I cÖvcK K) ÷vU© ev ÷vc weU bv _vKvq Ges AbieZ Pj‡Z _vKvq
†÷k‡bi g‡a¨ †WUv UªvÝwgkb wW‡j me©wb¤œ ivLv nq A_©¨vr, Gi MwZ A‡bK `ªæZ nq|
ci ci `ywU eø‡Ki †WUv UªvÝdv‡ii mgq cÖvq 0(ïb¨) GKK L) cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ I †kl ÷vU© Ges ÷c we‡Ui
mgq e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K AvB‡mv‡µvbvm e‡j| cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
‡hgbt wcÖ›Uv‡ii Rb¨ GK ai‡bi †g_W, Mv‡bi Rb¨ GK M) K¨v‡i±v‡ii ci UvBg B›Uvi‡f‡jiI cÖ‡qvRb nqbv|
ai‡bi †g_W| N) Gi `ÿZv A¨vwmb‡µvbvm UªvÝwgk‡bi †P‡q ‡ewk| mgq
23. A¨vwmb‡µvbvm I wmb‡µvbv‡mi ‣ewkó¨ wjL| Zzjbvg~jK Kg jv‡M|
Dt A¨vwmb‡µvbvm Gi •ewkó¨t wmb‡µvbvm Gi Amyweavt
K) †cÖiK †h‡Kv‡bv mgq †WUv UªvÝwgU Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges K) GwU Zzjbvg~jK e¨qeûj|
MÖvnK Zv MÖnb Ki‡Z cv‡i| L) Gi mvwK©U RwUj|
L) cÖwZ K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ‡Z GKwU ÷vU© weU I †k‡l GKwU
ev `ywU ÷c weU UªvÝwgU Kiv nq|
M) GKwU K¨v‡i±vi ci Av‡iKwU K¨v‡i±vi UªvÝwgU nevi
♠♠♠ ¯^cœ †mUv bq,
mgq gvSLv‡b weiwZ mgvb nq bv|
N) BÝU‡jkb LiP AZ¨šÍ Kg Ges RwUj mvwK©U QvovB ‡hUv gvbyl Nywg‡q Nywg‡q †`‡L,
ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq| ¯^cœ †mUvB †hUv c~i‡bi
wmb‡µvbvm Gi ‣ewkó¨t cÖZ¨vkv gvbyl‡K Nygv‡Z ‡`q bv|
K) ‡WUv‡K eøK AvKv‡i UªvÝwgU Kiv nq| -- Wt G.wc.‡R. Avãyj Kvjvg|
L) cÖwZwU K¨v‡i±v‡ii ïiæ I †k‡l ÷vU© Ges ÷c we‡Ui
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 4
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

যে হ িংসা করে যস সবাে আরে হিরেে ক্ষহি করে।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 5
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 11
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

31. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g Kv‡K e‡j? GwU Iqvì IqvBW †WUv ‡cÖib Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi †WUv
Dt ‡cÖi‡Ki Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ cÖvc‡Ki Kw¤úDUv‡ii UªvÝdvi †iU 1Gbps ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
†hvMv‡hvM Kivi Rb¨ †h UªvÝwgkb gva¨g eënvi Kiv nq M) dvBevi AcwUK K¨vejt dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej n‡jv
Zv‡K KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g ev Channel ev Media e‡j| Av‡jvKiwk¥ cwievnx ¯^”Q Zvi hv wmwjKv I
32. ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? gvwëK‡¤úv‡b›U KvP w`‡q •Zwi| GB K¨ve‡j me‡P‡q
Dt ‡WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb gva¨g 2 cÖKvi ¸iZ¡c~b© •ewkó¨ n‡jv jvBU wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU Kiv|
h_v t K) Zvi gva¨g(Wire Media)| GwU 1Gbps Gi PvB‡Z †ewk ‡i‡U †WUv cvVv‡Z cv‡i|
L) Zviwenxb ev †eZvi gva¨g(Wireless Media) | 34. †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
K) Zvi gva¨gt †h mKj Zv‡ii gva¨‡g GKvwaK Dt †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej 2 cÖKvi
wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Z_v †hvMv‡hvM Kivi h_vt K) w_b ‡bU (Thin net)
c×wZ‡K Zvi gva¨g ev Iq¨vi KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g L) w_K ‡bU (Thick net)
e‡j| 35. UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
‡hgbt †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej, UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej, Dt UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej 2 cÖKvi
dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| h_vt K) AveibnxY UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej
L) Zviwenxb gva¨gt †h mKj †WUv ‡Kvb cÖKvi Zvi (UTP - Unshielded twisted pair) |
eënvi bv K‡i GKvwaK wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb- L) Aveibhy³ UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej
cÖ`vb Z_v †hvMv‡hvM Kivi c×wZ‡K Zviwenxb ev (STP-Shielded twisted pair) |
Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g e‡j|
36. w_Kb‡U I w_b‡bU Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
‡hgbt †eZvi Zi½, gvB‡µvI‡qf, Bbd«v‡iW, IqvB-
dvB, IqvB-‡g· BZ¨vw`| w_K b‡U w_b ‡bU
33. K¨vej gva¨g ev Wire Media KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? 1| w_b †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej 1| w_K †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej
eënvi K‡i †h †bUIqvK© eënvi K‡i †h †bUIqvK©
Dt K¨vej gva¨g †bUIqvK© 3 cÖKvi
M‡o D‡V Zv‡K w_K‡bU M‡o D‡V Zv‡K w_b‡bU
h_vt K) †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej| e‡j| e‡j|
L) UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vej| 2| w_b †Kv-Gw·qvj 2| w_K †Kv-Gw·qvj
M) dvBevi AcwUK K¨vej| K¨ve‡ji e¨vm 0.25 BwÂ| K¨ve‡ji e¨vm 0.5 BwÂ|
K) †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vejt GwU GK ai‡bi Zvgvi •Zwi 3| ‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi wiwcUvi 3| ‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi wiwcUvi
Zvi| GwU Acwievnx c`v‡_©i Avei‡b XvKv `ywU mycwievnx Qvov GwU 185 wgUvi ch©šÍ Qvov GwU 500 wgUvi ch©šÍ
c`v_© w`‡q •Zwi Kiv nq| G K¨ve‡ji †K›`ª w`‡q _v‡K eënvi Kiv hvq| eënvi Kiv hvq|
GKwU mwjW Kcvi Zvi Ges Zvi‡K wN‡i Rov‡bv _v‡K 4| G ai‡bi †bUIqvK©‡K 4| G ai‡bi †bUIqvK©‡K
cøvw÷K †dv‡gi Bbmy¨‡jkb| Bbmy¨‡jkb †dv‡g Pvicvk 10 †eR 2 ‡bUIqvK©I ejv 10 †eR 5 ‡bUIqvK©I ejv
Rvj ev †bU AvK…wZi Zvi Øviv Rov‡bv _v‡K Ges evB‡i nq| nq|
cøvw÷‡Ki R¨v‡KU w`‡q XvKv _v‡K|
GwU 1 wK.wg. ch©šÍ `~i‡Z¡i wWwRUvj †WUv ‡cÖib K‡i|Gi
†WUv UªvÝdvi †iU 200Mbps ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i| me‡P‡q KwVb KvR n‡”Q wb‡R‡K †Pbv,
L) UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vejt G K¨ve‡j `yBwU Kcvi Zvi Avi me‡P‡q mnR KvR n‡”Q Ab¨‡ì
_v‡K Ges Zvi `yBwU‡K c„_K ivLvi Rb¨ ga¨Lv‡b Dc‡`k †Ìqv \
Acwievnx c`v_© eënvi Kiv nq| A_©¨vr GK‡Rvov
cwievnx Zvi‡K ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ ‡cuwP‡q GB K¨vej •Zwi
-‡_wjm \
Kiv nq|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 6
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 12
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

37. UTP I STP Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| M) A¨vbvjM I wWwRUvj Dfq †WUv †cÖib K‡i|
UTP STP N) G‡Z wiwcUv‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nq|
1| UTP K¨vej †Kv‡bv 1| STP K¨ve‡ji cÖwZwU O) b‡qR wmMb¨vj Øviv cÖfvweZ nq|
AwZwi³ wkwìs ev Aveib cu¨vPv‡bv †Rvov Zvi GKwU dvBevi AcwUK K¨vejt
_v‡K bv| K‡i k³ wkì ev Avei‡bi
K) GwU Av‡jvK iwk¥ Øviv wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU K‡i|
†fZ‡i _v‡K|
L) †bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb wn‡m‡e dvBevi K¨vej eëüZ
2| UTP ‡Zgb myiwÿZ 2| STP k³ I A‡bK nq|
bv| myiwÿZ|
M) G‡Z Gbps †iÄ ev Zvi †ewk MwZ‡Z †WUv PjvPj
3| UTP K¨ve‡ji e¨vÛ 3| STP K¨ve‡ji e¨vÛ
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
DBW_ mvavibZ DBW_ mvavibZ 16Mbps|
10Mbps| N) ‡WUv msiÿ‡bi wbivcËv I †MvcbxqZv A‡bK †ewk|
4|G‡Z B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK 4| Gi eo myweav n‡jv O) kw³ Kg ÿq nq|
B›Uvidv‡iÝ cÖfve Lye B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK 42. †iwWI I‡qf Kx I Gi Avwe¯‥viK †K ?
‡ewk| B›Uvidv‡iÝ cÖfve n«vm cvq| Dt 10 KHz †_‡K 1 GHz g‡a¨ mxwgZ Zwor Pz¤K ^ xq
Zi½ †K †iwWI I‡qf e‡j|GwU n‡jv GK ai‡bi
38. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej †K KZ mv‡j Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib? Iq¨vi‡jm UªvÝwgkb wgwWqv, hv †iwWI wd«Kz‡qwÝ
Dt 1940 mv‡j c`v_©we` Daniel Collodon I wmMb¨v‡ji gva¨‡g †WUv UªvÝwgU K‡i|
Jacones Babinet dvBev‡i wfZ‡i Av‡jvi c~b© Gi e¨vÛ DB_ 24 Kbps | GwU 1867 mv‡j ¯‥wUm
Af¨šÍixY nq Zv Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib| MwbZwe` James Clerk Maxwell cÖ_g GwU Avwe¯‥vi
39. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej KqwU Ask? K‡ib|
Dt AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej 3wU Ask 43. gvB‡µvI‡qf Kx?
h_vt K) †Kvi (Core) | Dt gvB‡µvI‡qf n‡jv nvB-wd«Kz‡qwÝ †iwWI I‡qf| 1
L) K¬¨vwWs (Cladding) | GHz ev Zvi †ewk wd«Kz‡qwÝ‡Z cvVv‡bv we`y¨r Pz¤K
^ xq
Zi½‡K ejv nq gvB‡µvI‡qf|
M) R¨v‡KU (Jacket) |
gvB‡µvI‡qf wm‡÷g gyjZ 2 cÖKvi
40. AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
Dt AcwUK¨vj dvBevi K¨vej 3 cÖKvi h_v t K) wmMb¨vj UªvÝwgU|
L) wiwmf UªvÝwgU|
h_vt K) ‡÷c B‡Û· (Step Index) |
44. Bbd«v‡iW (Infrared) Kx?
L) ‡MÖ‡WW B‡Û· (Graded Index) |
Dt Bbd«v‡iW n‡jv GK ai‡bi B‡jK‡Uªvg¨vM‡bwUK I‡qf
M) g‡bv‡gvW dvBevi (Monomode Fiber) |
hvi wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ mxgv †UivnvR©(THz) n‡q _v‡K| LyeB
41. cÖ‡Z¨KwU K¨ve‡ji ‣ewkó¨ wjL| KvQvKvwQ wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ †WUv KwgDwb‡Kkb Bbd«v‡iW
Dt †Kv-Gw·qvj K¨vej t eënvi Kiv nq| 300 wMMvnvR© n‡Z 400 †UivnvR© ch©šÍ
K) mn‡R ¯’vcb Kiv hvq| wd«‡Kv‡qwÝ‡K ejv nq Bbd«v‡iW|
L) AwaK wbivc`| Avwe¯‥vi t 1800 kZvãx‡Z Infrared Z¡i½ Avwe¯‥vi
M) `v‡g Kg| K‡ib DBwjqvg nv‡k©j (William Hershel)|
N) AwaK `~i‡Z¡ †WUv †cÖib|
O) AwaK MwZ‡Z †WUv †cÖib| hw` Zzwg cÖwZw`b 5 N›Uv
UzB‡÷W ‡cqvi K¨vejt c‡ov Z‡e,
Zzwg Ávbx n‡e|
K) Kg `~i‡Z¡ †hvMv‡hvM K¨vej ¯’vc‡b eëüZ nq|
L) mn‡R ¯’vcb Kiv hvq|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 7
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 13
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

45. m¨v‡UjvBU I †Uwi‡÷wiqvj gvB‡µvI‡q‡fi cv_©K¨ wjL| Zviwenxb Dcv‡q B›Uvi‡b‡U mshy³ Kivi GKwU cÖhyw³
m¨v‡UjvBU gvB‡µvI‡qf †Uwi‡÷wiqvj gvB‡µvI‡qf n‡jv IqvB-dvB|
1| G c×wZ‡Z DcMÖ‡gi 1| G c×wZ‡Z f~-c„‡ôB Avwe¯‥viKt WvP Kw¤úDUvi weÁvbx wf±i wfK †n‡qm|
mvnv‡h¨ c„w_ex †_‡K cÖvq UªvÝwgUvi Ges wiwmfvi 50. eøyUz_ I IqvBdvB Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
22,230 gvBj Dc‡i ¯’vwcZ| eøyUz_ IqvBdvB
wRIwmb‡µvbvm Aiwe‡U 1| ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ wewfbœ 1| g~jZt B›Uvi‡bU wfwËK
UªvÝwgUvi Ges wiwmfvi wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Zviwenxb Zviwenxb †bUIqv‡K©i
¯’vwcZ| ms‡hv‡Mi cÖhyw³| cÖhyw³|
2| GK m‡½ GKvwaK 2| GB c×wZ‡Z ïaygvÎ 2|Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4 GHz 2|Gi wd«Kz‡qwÝ 2.4,3.6,5
†`‡k Kvfv‡iR cÖ`vb Kiv GKwU †`‡kB Kvfv‡iR GHz
hvq| cÖ`vb Kiv m¤¢e|
3|3Mbps-25Mbps ‡i‡U 3|1Mbps-250Mbps
3| GB c×wZ‡Z 3| GB UªvÝwgUvi Ges †WUv UªvÝdvi K‡i| ‡i‡U †WUv UªvÝdvi K‡i|
UªvÝwgUvi Ges wiwmfvi wiwmfvi Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb
4| Gi wbivcËv Kg| 4| Gi wbivcËv †ewk|
Gi g‡a¨ evav •Zwi nIqv evavi •Zwi n‡j wmMb¨vj
m¤¢e bq e‡j wmMb¨vj evavcÖvß nq| 5|GwU †gvevBj, gvDm, 5|GwU Kw¤úDUvi, mvf©vi,
evavcÖvß nq bv| Kx‡evW© BZ¨vw` ms‡hvM Kiv wUwf, ¯§vU© †gvevBj BZ¨vw`
hvq| ms‡hvM Kiv hvq|
46. Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷‡gi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx|
51. IqvB-g¨v·(Wi-Max) Kx?
Dt Iq¨vi‡jm KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷‡gi 4 cÖKvi
Dt Wi-Max Gi c~b©iæc Worldwide
h_vt
Interoperability for Microwave Access| Wi-
K) WPAN-Wireless Personal Area Network
Max n‡jv Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ hvi gva¨‡g D”PMwZi
L) WLAN-Wireless Local Area Network eªWe¨vÛ †mev, Zviwenxb we¯Í…Z GjvKvRy‡o B›Uvi‡bU
M)WMAN-Wireless Metropolitan Area Network A¨vK‡mm Kiv hvq| cÖhyw³MZfv‡e IEEE 802.11 bv‡g
N) WWAN-Wireless Wide Area Network cwiwPZ|
47. eøyUz_ (Bluetooth) Kx? 52. Wi-Fi I Wi-Max Gi g‡a¨ ‣ewkó¨ wjL|
Dt ¯^í `~i‡Z¡ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ e¨eüZ GKwU Dt Wi-Fi Gi •ewkó¨t
I‡cb Iq¨vi‡jm cÖ‡UvKj n‡”Q eøyUz_| GwU 1-10 wgUvi K) 2.4GHz-5GHz wd«Kz‡qwÝ‡Z Wi-Fi KvR K‡i|
`~i‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Iq¨vi‡jm †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GKwU c×wZ| L) Wi-Fi Gi Kfv‡iR Gwiqv 50-200 wgUvi ch©šÍ n‡q
Avwe¯‥vi t ‡UwjKg †fÛi ‡Kv¤úvwb GwiKmb 1994 _v‡K|
mv‡j GwU D™¢veb K‡i| ‡Wbgv‡K©i ivRv n¨v‡ivì eøyUz_ M) Wi-Fi Gi GKvwaK Standard i‡q‡Q|†hgbt
(Harold Bluetooth) Gi bvgvbymv‡i Kiv n‡q‡Q| 802.a, 802.b, 802.11g Ges 802.11n BZ¨vw`|
48. nU¯úU Kx? N) Wi-Fi Gi e¨vÛDB_ 10-50Mbps|
Dt nU¯úU n‡”Q GKwU wbw`ó Iqvi‡jm Kfv‡iR Gwiqv| O) ‡h ‡Kvb gv‡bi we‡k¦i †h †Kvb RvqMvq KvR Ki‡e|
A_©¨vr, †hLvb †_‡K mswkøó wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Lye P) GwU AvB‡dvb, A¨vbWª‡qW, U¨ve, ev`v Ges wmw¤^qvb
mn‡RB B›Uvi‡bU G‡·m Kiv hvq| G ai‡bi †bUIqvK©B Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g PvwjZ †dvb¸‡jv Iq¨vi‡jm ms‡hvM
n‡”Q nU¯úU| •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
49. IqvB-dvB (Wi-Fi) Kx? Q) K¬v‡q›U-Uz-K¬v‡q›U ms‡hvM¸‡jvi Rb¨ ivDUvi QvovI
Dt Wi-Fi k‡ãi c~b© A_© n‡jv Wireless Fidelity | GW nK †gv‡W Wi-Fi wWfvBm¸‡jv‡K mshy³ Kiv hvq|
Kw¤úDUvi ev wWwRUvj ‣e`y¨wZK hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv‡K R) Wireless LAN (WLAN) ‣Zwi‡Z GwU e¨eüZ
nq|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 8
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 14
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

Wi-Max Gi •ewkó¨t ‡gvevBj †dv‡b GK ai‡bi gvB‡µvwPc ev KvW©(SIM

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 9
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 15
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

60. wmg KvW© (SIM Card) Kx ? O) ‡WUv †iU 2 Mbps Gi AwaK|

Dt SIM kãwUi c~b©iæc n‡”Q Subscriber Identity P) wfwWI K‡ji eënvi ïiæ nj|
Module| GSM ‡gvevBj¸‡jvi Rb¨ GKwU ÿz`ª Q) e¨vcK AvšÍR©vwZK ‡ivwgs myweav|
gvB‡µvwP‡ci cÖ‡qvRb nq| GB wPc‡K SIM Card 4_© cÖRb¥t K) mvwK©U myB‡Pi cwie‡Z© Gi eënvi n‡”Q|
e‡j|
L) cÖK…Z †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU m‡ev©”P 20 Mbps Gi
61. cÖRb¥ Kv‡K e‡j? AwaK|
Dt †gvevBj †dv‡bi µgea©gvb eënvi I cÖhyw³MZ M) 4G MwZ 3G Zzjbvq 50 ¸b †ewk|
Dbœq‡bi GK GKwU ch©vq ev avc‡K †gvevBj †dv‡bi
cÖRb¥ e‡j| N) wÎgvwÎK (3D) Qwe cÖ`©k‡bi eë¯’v _vK‡e|
62. ‡gvevB‡ji †dv‡bi cÖR‡b¥i KZ fv‡M Kiv hvq| O) D”P MwZm¤úbœ wd«Kz‡qwÝ|
Dt ‡gvevB‡ji †dv‡bi cÖRb¥‡K 5wU †kÖwb‡Z fvM Kiv P) `ªæZ Pjbkxj wWfvB‡m 100 Mbps Ges w¯’i
n‡q‡Q| wWfvB‡m 1 Gbps †WUv MwZ †iU|
h_vt a. 1st Generation-1G (1979-1990) 5g cÖRb¥ t K) Kg Li‡P ‡WUv µq K‡i B‡”Q Abyhvqx
B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Kiv hvq|
b. 2nd Generation-2G (1991-2000)
L) B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_© mve©ÿwbK hy³ _vKv hvq|
c. 3rd Generation-3G (2001-2008)
M) eø-y Uz_ ev †WUv K¨ve‡ji mvnv‡h¨ †gvevBj †dvb‡K
d. 4th Generation-4G (2009-eZ©gvb)
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ nIqv hvq|
e. 5th Generation-5G (2015- fwel¨r)
N) †gvevBj †dv‡b ‡Møvevj cwRkwbs wm‡÷g (GPS)
63. ‡gvevB‡ji †dv‡bi cÖR‡b¥i ‣ewkó¨ wjL| eënvi Kiv hvq|
Dt 1g cÖRb¥t O) B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g wewfbœ A¨vcm eënvi K‡i
K) G cÖR‡b¥i †gvevB‡j †Kv‡bv †g‡mR cvVv‡bv †hZ bv| †Uwjwfkb †`Lv hvq|
L) AvK…wZ eo wQj| P) mvgvwRK †bUIqvwK©s I wfwWI †kqvwis mvBU
M) IRb fvix wQj| †hgb-†dmeyK,UzBUvi, BDwUDe BZ¨vw` eënvi Kiv hvq|
N) †iwWI wmMb¨vj wn‡m‡e c×wZi eënvi n‡Zv| Q) Wi-Fi nU¯úU¸‡jv‡Z B›Uvi‡bU A¨vK‡mm Kiv hvq|
O) †WUv UªvÝdvi †iU wQj 300 wewcGm| 64. wRwcAviGm (GPRS) Kx?
P) GB cÖR‡b¥i †dvb w`‡q ïay K_v ejv †hZ| Dt GPRS Gi c~b© iæc n‡jv General Packet Radio
2q cÖRb¥ t K) cÖ_g wcÖ-‡cBW wm‡÷g Pvjy nq| Service| GKwU †Rbv‡ij c¨v‡KU Iwi‡q‡›UW †gvevBj
L) GB cÖR‡b¥i UªvÝwgkb wm‡÷g wWwRUvj c×wZi| †WUv mvwf©m| GwU 2G †mjyjvi †gvevBj KwgDwb‡Kkb
wm‡÷g|
M) †gvevBj †dv‡bi †c‡g›U wm‡÷g cÖeZ©b N‡U|
GPRS Gi gva¨‡g †gvevBj †bUIqv‡K© A‡bK †ewk e¨vÛ
N) D”P MwZm¤úbœ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v Pvjy nq&
DBW&_ (Band Width) cvIqv hvq|
O) GmGgGm I GgGgGm Pvjy nq|
65. BwWwRB(EDGA) Kx?
P) AvšÍR©vwZK †ivwgs myweav cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
Dt GPRS -Gi PvB‡Z 4 ¸b ‡ewk UªvwdK enb Ki‡Z
3q cÖRb¥ t K) †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v D”P †i‡U Pvjy cv‡i| EDGA Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Enhanced Data
n‡q‡Q| Rates for GSM Evolution| GwU 3G †mjyjvi
L) G cÖR‡b¥ †WUv UªvÝwgk‡bi Rb¨ mvwK©U my¨BwPs‡qi †gvevBj KwgDwb‡Kkb wm‡÷g| GwU 2003 mv‡ji
cwie‡Z© c¨v‡KU my¨BwPs‡qi cÖeZ©b N‡U‡Q| ïiæ‡Z GSM †bUIqv‡K© EDGA-†K Pvjy Kiv nq|
M) ‡bUIqv‡K© EDGE, GPRS Gi AwaK eënvi nq|
N) G cÖR‡b¥ eëüZ ‡bUIqvK©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ‡h Áv‡bi mÜv‡b †ei nq,
HSDPA 900, HSDPA 1700 HSDPA 2100| †m Avjøvni c‡_ †ei nq| -- wZiwghx

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10

16
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

66. ‡ivwgs Kv‡K e‡j? 72. ‡bUIqvK© KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?

Dt hLb †Kv‡bv †gvevBj eënvi Kiv nq ZLb GKwU Dt Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©‡K cÖavbZ 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv
‡bUIqvK© Kfv‡i‡Ri g‡a¨ †_‡KB †gvevBjwU‡K †WUv hvq|
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM ‡Ìqv nq| †bUIqvK© Kfv‡i‡Ri h_vt 1) PAN (Personal Area Network)
evB‡i wM‡qI AbieZ †WUv mvwf©m cvIqv‡K †ivwgs ejv 2) LAN (Local Area Network)
nq| 3) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
67. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvwK©s Kv‡K e‡j? 4) WAN (Wide Area Network)
Dt `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Kw¤úDUvi AvšÍtmshy³ nIqv‡K 73. ‡bUIqv‡K©i •ewkó¨ ¸‡jv ‡jL|
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© e‡j|
Dt 1) PAN Gi •ewkó¨ t
A_©¨vr, Kw¤úDUv‡ii g‡a¨ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
ms‡hvM eë¯’v‡K Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© ejv n‡q _v‡K| K) cv‡m©vbvj Kw¤úDUvi wWfvBmmg~‡ni g‡a¨
†hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ eëüZ nq|
68. wgwWqv Kv‡K e‡j?
L) LiP Zzjbvg~jK Kg|
Dt Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡Z
n‡j †Kv‡bv wKQzi mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb nq, hv‡ì‡K wgwWqv M) `ªæZ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
e‡j| N) G ai‡bi †bUIqvK© †h †Kvb RvqMvq •Zwi Kiv hvq|
‡hgbt LAN, PAN BZ¨vw`| O) e¨vwß mvaviYZ 10 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K|
69. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i eënvi/ D‡Ïk¨ Kx? P) Iq¨vi‡jm †bUIqvK© cÖhyw³ Øviv GKwU Iq¨vi‡jm
cv‡m©vbvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ev WPAN •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e|
Dt K) Z_¨ wewbgq|
2) LAN Gi •ewkó¨ t
L) nvW©Iq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis|
K) mxwgZ `yi‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Gi Kvh©µg mxgve×|
M) mdUIq¨vi wi‡mvm© †kqvwis|
L) †kÖwb ms‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv mshy³ nq|
N) Z_¨ msiÿY|
M) †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi mvavibZ 10Mb ‡_‡K
O) `~ieZx© ¯’vb †_‡K eënvi|
1000Mb |
P) †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U|
N) GB †bUIqvK© ¯’vcb I iÿbv‡eÿb c×wZ mnR I
Q) Awdm A‡Uv‡gkb| LiP Kg|
R) wbivcËv| O) GB †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvimg~n Zvi ev Zviwenxb
70. ‡nv÷ Kx Ges ‡bvW Kv‡K e‡j? ms‡hvM cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
Dt †nv÷t †h Kw¤úDUvi mvf©vi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K 3) MAN Gi •ewkó¨ t
†nv÷ e‡j| K) Gi we¯Í…wZ 10 †_‡K 30 wK.wg. ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
‡bvWt †h Kw¤úDUv‡i e‡m KvR Kiv nq Zv‡K ‡bvW ev L) LAN Gi PvB‡Z `ªæZ MwZi|
IqvK©‡÷kb ejv nq| M) LiP Zzjbvg~jK fv‡e Kg|
71. Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqv‡K©i cÖKvi‡f`‡K PvU© AvKv‡i cÖKvk N) †ewk cwigvb Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
Ki| Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© O) MAN Gi gvwjKvbv mvavibZ †Kv‡bv
AM©vbvB‡Rk‡bi n‡q _v‡K|
gvwjKvbv Abymv‡i wbqš¿b KvVv‡gv Abymv‡i ‡f․‡MvwjK we¯Í…wZ Abymv‡i P) †WUv ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii nvi mvavibZ 10Mbps ‡_‡K
cÖvB‡fU †bUIqvK© ‡m›UªvjvBRW †bUIqvK© 10Gbps |
PAN MAN 4) WAN Gi •ewkó¨ t
cvevwjK †bUIqvK© wWw÷ªweD‡UW †bUIqvK© LAN WAN K) wewfbœ Z_¨, cÎ-cwÎKv, eB, Pjw”PÎ cÖf…wZ msMÖn I
eënvi Kiv hvq|
K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi †bUIqvK© wcqvi Uz wcqvi nvBweªW †bUIqvK©
L) we‡k¦i ‡h ‡Kvb ¯’vb †_‡K B‡gBj †cÖib Kiv hvq|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 11
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 17
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 12

18
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

80. wiwcUvi (Repeater) Kx Gi cÖKvi‡f` †jL? K) †jvKvj weªR| (GwU mivmwi LAN Gi mv‡_ hy³
Dt †bUIqv‡K© K¨ve‡ji ms‡KZ‡K B‡jKwUªK¨vj _v‡K|)
A¨vgwcødvB K‡i Ges cybivq †bUIqv‡K© †cÖib Kivi L) wi‡gvU weªR | (‡f․‡MvwjKfv‡e wew”Qbœ Ae¯’v‡bi
cÖwµqv‡K wiwcUvi e‡j| GKvwaK †bUIqvK©‡K hy³ K‡i|)
hv ‡bUIqvK© K¨ve‡ji wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡i AwZµg Kivi ci M) Iq¨vi‡jm weªR| (GKwaK WLAN †K hy³ K‡i|)
ms‡KZ `~e©j n‡q c‡o Zv‡K mej Kiv Ges MšÍe¨ ¯’v‡bi 84. ‡bUIqv‡K©i KvR mg~n †jL|
w`‡K †cÖib Kivi Rb¨ wiwcUvi eënvi Kiv nq| Dt
wiwcUvi 2 cÖKvi K) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Gi mv‡_ mshy³ wWfvBm¸‡jvi
h_v t K) Ggwcødvqvi I g‡a¨ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
L) wmMb¨vj wi‡Rbv‡iwUs | L) †bUIqvK©f³ z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv‡K †Kv‡bv `vwg
81. ‡MUI‡q(Gateway) Kv‡K e‡j? hš¿cvwZ eënv‡ii my‡hvM cÖ`vb K‡i|
Dt hw` GKvwaK †bUIqv‡K©i cÖ‡UvKj wfbœ nq Zvn‡j M) †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv ev md&UIq¨vi bv
Zv‡ì mshy³ Ki‡Z ivDUv‡ii †P‡q eyw×gvb GKwU _vK‡j Ab¨ Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K †m¸‡jv eënv‡ii my‡hvM
wWfvBm cÖ‡qvRb nq, Avi GB eyw×gvb wWfvBm‡K K‡i ‡`q|
†MUI‡q e‡j| N) †bUIqvK© we‡k¦i †h †Kv‡bv cÖv‡šÍi Ae¯’vbiZ
A_ev, eÜzevÜ‡ei mv‡_ AZ¨šÍ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hv‡M
†h †bUIqvK© eë¯’vq GKwU †bUIqvK©‡K GK ev mnvqZv K‡i|
GKvwaK †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ hy³ Kiv nq Z‡K †MUI‡q O) ¯‥zj, K‡jR, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi fwZ©i Av‡e`b, cixÿvi
e‡j| GwU wewfbœ cÖ‡UvKj‡K GKwÎZ K‡i wewfbœ djvdj mn K¬vm Kivi cÖwµqv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z mnvqZv
A¨vwcø‡Kk‡bi g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i| K‡i|
82. ivDUvi(Router) Kv‡K e‡j? P) N‡i e‡mB PvKwi, wPwKrmv, eëmv-evwbR¨, cb¨ µq-
Dt GK †bUIqvK© †_‡K Av‡iK †bUIqv‡K© †WUv cvVv‡bvi weµq BZ¨vw` †mev cvIqv hvq|
c×wZ‡K e‡j ivDwUs| †h wWfvBm ivDwUs Gi Kv‡R 85. ‡bUIqv‡K©i e¨vK‡evb wn‡m‡e AcwUK¨vj dvBevi
eëüZ nq Zv‡K ivDUvi e‡j| GwU †WUv‡K MšÍe¨ †c․u‡Q myweavRbK †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
†Ìqvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q Kg `~i‡Z¡i cv_(Path) eënvi
K‡i| Dt dvBevi AcwUK¨vj K¨vej n‡”Q Kv‡Pi ZšÍyi •Zwi
A_ev, GK ai‡bi K¨vej Ges Av‡jvKiwk¥ cwievnx| Gi ga¨
ivDUvi GKB cÖ‡UvKjwewkó `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK ¯^Zš¿ w`‡q Av‡jvi MwZ‡Z †WUv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq| Bnvi e¨vÛDB_
†bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i †bUIqvK© m¤úªmvib D”P Ges •e`y¨wZK I Pz¤K^ cÖevn n‡Z gy³| ZvQvov †WUv
Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K ivDUvi e‡j| UªvÝdv‡i AwaK wbivcËv cÖ`vb K‡i| A_©¨vr cwi‡e‡ki
A_ev, Pvc Zvc Øviv †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b evavMÖ¯’ nq bv| GRb¨
dvBevi AcwUK¨vj †bUIqv©‡Ki e¨vK‡evb wn‡m‡e KvR
ivDUvi GKwU eyw×gvb B›Uvi‡bU IqvK© Kv‡bKwUwfwU K‡i|
wWfvBm hv jwRK¨vj Ges wdwRK¨vj A¨v‡Wªm eënvi
K‡i `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †bUIqvK© †mM‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨ †WUv 86. ‡bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR Kv‡K e‡j?
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi eë¯’v K‡i| Dt GKwU †bUIqv‡K© Kw¤úDUvi Ges Avbylw½K G‡K
83. weªR(Bridge) Kx Gi cÖKvi‡f` †jL? Ac‡ii mv‡_ mshy³ _vKvi c×wZ‡Z ‡bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR
e‡j|
Dt GKvwaK †bUIqvK©‡K mshy³ K‡i GKwU e„nr
†bUIqvK© MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î eëüZ we‡kl ai‡bi wWfvBm‡K A_ev, †bUIqvK©fy³ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi †f․Z ms‡hvM
weªR ejv nq| web¨vm Ges wbwe©‡Nœ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi hyw³wbf©i
mywbqwš¿Z c‡_i cwiKíbv, G `y‡qi mgwš^Z aviYv‡K ejv
weªR 3 cÖKvi h_v t nq †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 13
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 19
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

87. ‡bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR (Network Topology) eY©bv Ki| M) ÷vi U‡cvjwRt GKwU †K›`ªxq wbqš¿bKvix Kw¤úDUvi
Dt Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR 6 ai‡bi ev †nv÷ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨ Kw¤úDUvi nve ev
h_vt K) evm U‡cvjwR (Bus Topology)| myB‡Pi gva¨‡g mshy³ K‡i †h †bUIqvK© Mov nq Zv‡K
÷vi U‡cvjwR e‡j|
L) wis U‡cvjwR (Ring Topology)| G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †K›`ªxq Kw¤úDUv‡ii
M) ÷vi U‡cvjwR (Star Topology)| (mvf©‡ii) gva¨‡g Av`vb-cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|
N) wUª U‡cvjwR (Tree Topology)|
O) †gk U‡cvjwR (Mesh Topology)|
P) nvBweªW U‡cvjwR (Hybrid Topology)|
K) evm U‡cvjwRt GKwU K¨ve‡ji mv‡_ hw` meKwU
Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© Kiv _v‡K Zv‡K evm U‡cvjwR e‡j|
evm U‡cvjwRi K¨vejwU‡K cÖavb †giæ`Û(Backbone)
ejv nq| wmMb¨vj hLb e¨vK‡ev‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Pjv‡div wPÎt ÷vi U‡cvjwR|
K‡i ZLb ïay cÖvcK Kw¤úDUvi wmMb¨vj MÖnb K‡i, evwK
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv MÖnb K‡i bv| GB msMV‡b †Kv‡bv N) wUª U‡cvjwRt †h U‡cvjwR‡Z Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv
Kw¤úDUvi bó n‡q †M‡j m¤ú~b© wm‡÷g bó n‡q hvq bv| ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ hy³ n‡q Mv‡Qi kvLv-cÖkvLvi g‡Zv
web¨¯Í _v‡K Zv‡K wUª U‡cvjwR e‡j|
G msMV‡b GK ev GKvwaK ¯Í‡ii †bvW †nv÷
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| A_©¨vr cÖ_g ¯Í‡ii
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi †nv÷ nq|
GKBfv‡e wØZxq ¯Í‡ii Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv Z…Zxq ¯Í‡ii
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi †nv÷ nq|
wPÎt evm U‡cvjwR|
L) wis U‡cvjwRt GKvwaK Kw¤úDUvi e„ËvKvi c‡_
ci¯úi mshy³ n‡q †bUIqvK©fz³ nIqv‡K wis U‡cvjwR
e‡j|
G U‡cvjwR‡Z wis‡qi me©‡k‡l Kw¤úDUviwU cÖ_gwUi
mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| G U‡cvjwR‡Z †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †WUv
cvVv‡bv Zv e„ËvKvi c‡_ Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jv g‡a¨ ci ci wPÎt wUª U‡cvjwR|
Nyi‡Z _v‡K, hZÿb wbw`©ó Kw¤úDUvi †WUv cÖ`vb bv K‡i O) †gk U‡cvjwRt ‡gk U‡cvjwR‡Z GKwU Kw¤úDUvi
ZZÿb cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z †Kv‡bv †Kw›`ªq †bUIqvK©fz³ Ab¨ cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi hy³
Kw¤úDUvi _v‡K bv| G‡Z cÖwZwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¸iZ¡ _v‡K| d‡j †h‡Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK©fy³ Ab¨ ‡h
mgvb| †Kv‡bv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ mivmwi `ªæZ †WUv Av`vb-cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ai‡bi msMV‡b †bUIqvK©fz³
Kw¤úDUvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM‡K c‡q›U-Uz-
c‡q›U wjsK bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

wPÎt wis U‡cvjwR|

wPÎt †gk U‡cvjwR|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 14

20
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

P) nvBweªW U‡cvjwRt wewfbœ U‡cvjwR A_©¨vr ÷vi, wis, L) Platform-as-a-Service (Paas)

evm BZ¨vw` †bUIqv‡K©i mgš^‡q †h †bUIqvK© MwVZ nq ev cø¨vUdg©wfwËK †mev|
Zv‡K nvBweªW U‡cvjwR e‡j| M) Software-as-a- Service (SaaS)
B›Uvi‡bU GKwU nvBweªW †bUIqvK©, †Kbbv G‡Z cÖvq ev mdUIq¨vi †mev|
me ai‡bi †bUIqvK© mshy³ Av‡Q| †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri GKwU
‡bUIqvK© U‡cvjwR ¯^qsm¤ú~b© bvI n‡Z cv‡i| G Rb¨ 91. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweav I Amyweav †jL|
Gme †ÿ‡Î nvBweªW U‡cvjwR eënvi Kiv nq| Dt K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi myweavt
1) G c×wZ‡Z ¯^qswµqfv‡e mdUIq¨vi Avc‡WU Kiv
hvq|
2) Kw¤úDUvi †bUIqvK© ‣Zwi I iÿbv‡eÿb LiP A‡bK
Kg|
3) GZ Kg nvW©Iq¨vi eënvi K‡i †ewk AvDUcyU cvIqv
hvq|
4) `ªæZMwZ‡Z †mev †Ìqv hvq|
5) eënvi Abyhvqx LiP Kg|
6) we‡k¦i ‡h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b `ªæZ B›Uvi‡bU G‡·m Kivi
my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q|
7) bZzb mdUIq¨vi jvB‡mÝ Ki‡Z nq bv|
8) Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g LiP Kg|
88. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Kv‡K e‡j? K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi Amyweavt
Dt K¬vDW gw¤úDwUs n‡jv Ggb GK cÖKvi mvew¯…ckb 1) me©`v eënviKvix‡K wbqš¿b Kiv hvq bv|
wfwËK cwi‡mev ev mvwf©m, hv †bUIqvK© †÷v‡iR †¯úm 2) A‡bK mgq eënviKvixi †Mvcbxq Z‡_ï wbivcËv
Ges Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ hš¿vs‡ki `ªæZ I myweavRbK _v‡K bv|
eënvi wbwðZ K‡i| 3) G‡Z A‡bK mgq fzj ev wg_¨v Z_¨ w`‡q weåvšÍ
A_ev, Qov‡bv nq|
GwU Ggb GKwU cÖhyw³ hv mnRZifv‡e Kg mg‡q
4) G‡Z †fÛi‡ì cÖwZ wbf©iZv e„w× cvq, hv Vendor
AwaK ÿgZvm¤úbœ AbjvBb Kw¤úDwUs †mev cÖ`vb K‡i
Lock bv‡g cwiwPZ|
_v‡K| Kw¤úDUvi I †WUv †÷v‡iR mn‡R, †µZvi
myweavgZ PvwnevgvÎ Ges eënvi Abyhvqx fvov †Ìqvi 5) ‡gBb‡Ub¨vÝ ev n¨vwKs ev Ab¨ Kvi‡b mvf©vi WvDb
wm‡÷g n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs e‡j| n‡j KvR eÜ n‡q hvq|
89. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ? 6) wba©vwiZ mgq AšÍi wba©vwiZ wd w`‡q nq, bv w`‡j
Dt K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs 4 cÖKvi mvwf©m eÜ †n‡q hvq|
h_v t K) cvewjK K¬vDW| 92. wiswMs Kx?
L) KwgDwbwU K¬vDW| Dt K¨ve‡ji GK cÖvšÍ †_‡K wmMb¨vj cvVv‡j Ges Ab¨
cÖv‡šÍ Uvwg©‡bUi bv _vK‡j Zv K¨ve‡ji Ab¨ cÖv‡šÍ av°v
M) cÖvB‡fU K¬vDW|
†L‡q Avevi †diZ Av‡m| G wmMb¨vj †diZ Avmv‡K
N) nvBweªW K¬vDW| wiswMs e‡j|
90. K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs Gi g‡Wj KZ fv‡M wef³?
93. cÖ‡UvKj Kx?
Dt K¬vDW Kx ‡mev w`‡”Q, Zvi wfwË‡Z K¬vDW‡K 3 fv‡M
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Dt Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi †h wbqg Kvbyb Av‡Q, Zv Avm‡j
h_vt K) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) mdUIq¨vi AvKv‡i _v‡K Zv‡K cÖ‡UvKj e‡j|
ev AeKvVv‡gvMZ †mev|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 15
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 21
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-02 (Data Communication & Networking)

K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs gv‡b mvwf©m ev nvW©Iqvi তাল র ম঴লেি ব্ল঴ থাকলছনা অ঱঴ভালব্ কখলনাই।
fvov †bqv / AvDU‡mvwm©s| এই দয “এখালন ঴ু঱লভ ঴াভড ার ভাড়া দ ো ঵ে”, এই
আইমডোটাই ক্লাউড কমিউটিিং এর িূ঱িন্ত্র।
আমি যখন স্কু ল঱ পড়তাি, তখন একটা ব্যব্঴া খুব্ চা঱ু
মছল঱া। নানা দ াকালন ঴াইনলব্াডড টাঙালনা থাকলতা, “এখালন K¬vDU Kw¤úDwUs †evSvi Rb¨ GB MíwU cwo|
িা঴ু রানা ঑ মতন দগালেন্দার ব্ই ভাড়া দ ো ঵ে”। িাল঴ িাল঴ দিলের মব্লে মনলে গমি ঴াল঵ব্ দব্ল মচন্তাে পলড়লছন।
ব্ই মকলন পড়ার ঴ািথড না থাকল঱ ঴ি঴যা মছল঱ানা আিার িলতা দচৌিুরী পমরব্ালরর দর঑োজ ঵ল঱া মনলজর ব্ামড়লতই পযালে঱
ব্ইলপাকাল র, ২ টাকা কলর ভাড়াে ব্ই মনলে পলড় আব্ার দেরত খাটিলে, দছাটখালটা একটা া঱ান ব্ামনলে দ঴খালন আপযােি করা
ম লে নতু ন ব্ই মনলত পারতাি, ঵ে ব্রযাত্রীল র।
মকিংব্া ঵ালত টাকা দব্মল থাকল঱ একামিক ব্ই মনলত পারতাি এক মকন্তু দচৌিুরী পমরব্ালরর দ঴ই লান ল঑কত আর নাই।
঴ালথ। ঑ম লক আব্ার দিলের মব্লে ঠিক ঵লেলছ র঵িত খাাঁ এর দছল঱র
঴ালথ, র঵িত খাাঁর ামব্ তার গ্রালির যত পালর দ঱াক ব্রযাত্রী
ক্লাউলডর িূ঱ আইমডোটা঑ তাই। িরুন, আপনার জটি঱
ম঵঴ালব্ মনলে আ঴লব্, দ঴টার ঴িংখযা ২০০ ঵লত ২০০০ পযডন্ত ঵লত
একটা মভমড঑ ব্া েলটা প্রল঴ম঴িং এর কাজ ঱াগলব্। ঘলর আপনার
পালর, ঴ব্াইলক পাকা া঱ালন ভাল঱া ডাইমনিং দটমব্ল঱ দখলত ম লত
পুরালনা দিমলন, তালত দ঴ই কাজ করা যালব্ না। আব্ার ঑োন-
঵লব্।
টাইি এই কাজ করার জনয মব্লা঱ অিংলকর টাকা ম লে কমিউটার
২০০০ দ঱াক আ঴ার কথা না, মকন্তু যম এল঴ পলড় আর
দকনার঑ িালন ঵ে না। ঴িািান তা঵ল঱ কী? ভাল঱া কমিউটার
খাব্ার না পাে, তা঵ল঱ দতা দব্ইজ্জমত। আব্ার ২০০০ দ঱ালকর
আলছ, এিন কালরা কাছ দথলক ঘণ্টা ম঵঴ালব্ কমিউটার ভাড়া
খানা পামকলে ব্ল঴ দথলক যম তারা না আল঴, তলব্ দতা পুরা
দনে।
পে঴াটাই পামনলত পড়লব্।
এলত কলর ঴ব্ারই ঱াভ – আপনার দকব্঱ যত ঘণ্টা
দচৌিুরী ঴াল঵ব্লক ব্াাঁমচলে ম ল঱া পাড়ার কযাটামরিং
঱াগলছ, তত ঘণ্টারই পে঴া দ ো ঱াগলব্, আর যার ঐ কমিউটার
ব্যব্঴ােী আক্কা঴ ব্াব্ুমচড। মব্লে, খতনা এ঴লব্র কযাটামরিং কলর
আলছ, দ঴঑ ম লনর অমিকািংল ঴িে কমিউটারটা অব্যব্হৃত
কাাঁচা পে঴া ব্ামনলে এখন দ঴ একটা পাটিড দ঴ন্টার খুল঱লছ।
অব্স্থাে দেল঱ না দরলখ ভাড়াে খাটিলে মকছু টাকা কািাল঱া।
দ঴খালন নামক ১০,০০০ দ঱াক ব্঴ার঑ দচোর দটমব্঱
এইব্ার ব্যাপারটা ব্ড় আকালর মচন্তা কলরন। িলরন, আলছ, আর দ্রুত রান্না করার ঴ব্ ম঴লেি঑ আলছ।
আপনার দকািামনর ঑লেব্঴াইট ব্ানালেন, তালত একটা ব্লগ আক্কা঴ এক গা঱ দ঵ল঴ ব্঱ল঱া, দচৌিুরী ঴াল঵ব্,
চা঱ালব্ন। ব্ললগর অমিকািংল ব্লগার ঑ পাঠক ব্ািং঱াল লল। েল঱ এলকব্ালরই মচন্তা করলব্ন না, আিার দ঴ন্টার ভাড়া দনন,
ব্ািং঱াল ল ঴িে ঴কা঱ ৯টা ঵লত রাত ১২টা পযডন্ত ব্ললগ দ঱াকজন া঱ান/দটমব্঱ দচোর ঴ব্ আমি ম লব্া, খাব্ার঑, যত দেট ম লব্া
থালক, তার িিয ঴ন্ধ্যা ৮টা ঵লত ১১টা পযডন্ত খুব্ দব্মল দ঱াক, আপমন দকব্঱ তারই পে঴া ম লব্ন।আক্কাল঴র এই ব্ুমিটা দল঳লিল
এলতাই দব্মল মভমজটর দয আপনার ঴াভড ালর খুব্ চাপ পলড়, দ঱াড খুব্ কাজ ম ল঱া দচৌিুরী঴াল঵লব্র।
কিালত ৩টা ঴াভড ার এক঴ালথ চা঱ালত ঵ে দ঴঴িে। মকন্তু রাত অলনক ঵মি তমি করল঱঑ র঵িত খাাঁ আনলত দপলরমছল঱া
১২টা ঵লত ঴কা঱ ৯টা পযডন্ত দ঱াড এলকব্ালরই কি।তখন ১টা িাত্র ৪০০ জন ব্রযাত্রী, কালজই দকব্঱ তাল র খাব্ার টাকাটাই
঴াভড ালরই কাজ ঵লে যাে। ম লত ঵লেলছ আক্কা঴ ব্াব্ুমচডলক। আক্কাল঴র঑ দকালনা ঱঴ ঵েমন,
আপমন তা঵ল঱ কী করলব্ন? ইু টা অপলন একই ম লন আলরা ইু টা মব্লে মছল঱া, ব্ামক দচোর দটমব্঱, আর
(১) ৩টা ঴াভড ার ভাড়া কলরন ম নরাত ২৪ ঘণ্টার জনয, অথব্া খাব্ার দ঴খালন দগলছ, তার পুরা ১০ ঵াজার দচোলরর ঴ব্গু঱াই
(২) যখন মভমজটর দব্মল, তখন ৩টা ভাড়া দনন, যখন ইউজার ভাড়া ঵লেমছল঱া দ঴ম ন।
কি, তখন ১টা ঴াভড ার চা঱ু রালখন। এভালব্ই গমন মিো তাাঁর দিলের মব্লে মনমিলন্ত
করলত পারল঱ন এব্িং তাাঁর দচৌিুরী পমরব্ালরর দর঑োজটা঑
এইভালব্ ভাড়া মনলত পারল঱ মকন্তু আপনার খরচ দব্ল
পা঱ন করা দ঵া঱ ।
কলি যালে, যখন আপনার রকার নাই, তখন খালিাখা পে঴া
দকলনা ম লব্ন? কালজই আপনার ঱ালভ ঱াভ! M‡íi n‡Z wkÿv t Mwb mv‡n‡ei mKj wPšÍv-fvebv `yin‡jv
‡iw÷z‡i›U fvov K‡i mv‡_ Zvi mKj KvR mn‡R n‡q‡Mj AíwKQz
উল্টা ম লক ঴াভড ার ভাড়া দ ো দকািামনর঑ ঴ুমব্িা আলছ।
UvKv w`‡q|
আপমন দয ঴িে ১টা ঴াভড ার ব্যব্঵ার করলছন, ঐ ঴িলে ব্ামক GB fvov †bIqv I †`qvi cÖwKqvUv n‡jv K¬vDW Kw¤úDwUs|
঴াভড ারগু঱া অনয কাউলক ভাড়া ম লত পারলছ।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD 16
|Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 22
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

3 Aa¨vq Gi 1g Ask 9. ‡em(Base) ev wfwË Kx?

1. msL¨v (Number) wK ? Dt msL¨v c×wZ‡Z eëüZ †g․wjK msL¨v wb‡`©kKvix
Dt msL¨v n‡”Q GKwU Dcv`vb hv MYbv, cwigvb Ges †Kv‡bv wPü, A‡¼i †gvU msL¨v‡K H msL¨v c×wZi †em ev
cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ nq| MYbv Kivi gva¨‡gB wfwË ejv nq|
n‡”Q msL¨v| A_©¨vr, †Kv‡bv wKQzi cwigvY eySv‡bvi Rb¨ ‡hgbt `kwgK: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 ‡gvU †g․wjK
hv eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K msL¨v ev Number e‡j| msL¨v 10wU ZvB GB 10 n‡”Q `kwgK msL¨vi †em|
‡hgb t 7wU gnv‡`k Av‡Q; GLv‡b 7 GKwU msL¨v| †Zgwb 10. msL¨v c×wZ KZ cÖKvi I wK wK ?
10 UvKv, GLv‡b 10 GKwU msL¨v| Dt msL¨v c×wZ cÖavbZ `yB cÖKvi|
2. msL¨v c×wZ (Number System) Kv‡K e‡j? h_v t K) bb-cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ|
Dt wbw`©ó cÖZxK ev wPü Øviv †Kv‡bv msL¨v cÖKvk Kivi L) cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ|
c×wZ‡Z msL¨v c×wZ (Number System) e‡j| K) bb-cwRkbvj t †h c×wZ‡Z msL¨vi gvb eëüZ wPü ev
3. A¼ ev wWwRU (Digit) Kx? A¼mg~‡ni †Kv‡bv ¯’vwbK gvb †bB A_©¨vr cwRkb _v‡K bv
Dt msL¨v‡K wj‡L cÖKvk Kivi cÖZxK ev wPü‡K A¼ ev Zv‡K bb-cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j |
Digit e‡j| ‡hgb t nvqv‡ivwMøwd·, †ivgvb, †gq¨vb I U¨vwj msL¨v
†hgb t 2017 msL¨vwU 2, 0, 1 I 7 c„_K 4wU A‡¼i BZ¨vw`|
Øviv MwVZ n‡q‡Q| K) cwRkbvj msL¨v t †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z ‡g․wjK wPü, †em
4. weU (Bit) wK? ev wfwË Ges Dnvi ¯’vbxq gvb _v‡K Zv‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v
Dt Kw¤úDUv‡i eënvh© †WUvi me‡P‡q ÿz`ªZg Ask n‡jv c×wZ ejv nq|
weU| Binary Digit Gi mswÿß iæc Bit| evBbvwi cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Avevi 4 cÖKvi
c×wZ‡Z 0 A_ev 1 ‡K weU e‡j| h_vt
5. bxej (Nibble) Kx? K) evBbvwi(Binary) ev wØwgK| (0,1)2 Gi ‡em 2|
Dt 1 evB‡Ui A‡a©K Z_v 4 weU wg‡j wbej nq| hv (Avwe¯‥viK t MUwd«W DBj‡nj¥ jvBewbrm)
mvavibZ GKwU †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv L) A±vj(Octal) ev AówgK| (Avwe¯‥viK t mßg Pvj©m)
hvq| gvB‡µvKw¤úDUv‡i GwU eëüZ nq hv we‡Ui †P‡q
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)8 Gi ‡em 8|
eo wKšÍy evB‡Ui †P‡q †QvU msL¨v‡K bxej e‡j|
M) †Wwmgvj (Decimal) ev `kwgK|
6. evBU (Byte) Kx?
(Avwe¯‥viK t AvwiqvfÆ)
Dt GK ‡mU weU n‡jv evBU hv Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvwWs Gi
†ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq| mvavibZ 8 we‡Ui mgš^‡q 1 evBU (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)10 Gi ‡em 10|
nq| N) †n·v‡Wwmgvj (Hexadecimal) ev †lvo`k|
‡hgbt A=01001100 . (Avwe¯‥viK t KzBb&m Ad PvDm)
7. K¨v‡i±vi (Character) ev eb© Kx ? (0,1,2,3,4,5,6, 7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)16 Gi ‡em 16|
Dt 1 evBU mgvb 1 K¨v‡i±vi (Character) ev eb©| 11. i¨vwW· (Radix) c‡q›Uvi Kv‡K e‡j ?
‡hgbt A=01001100 . Dt cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z c~b©msL¨v I fMœvsk msL¨vi
8. kã (Word) Kx? g‡aëZx© `kwgK we›`y‡K i¨vwW· e‡j|
Dt GK ev GKvwaK evBU wg‡j GKwU kã MwVZ nq| D`vnib t
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ÿ‡Î 8,16,32,64 BZ¨vw` we‡U kã MwVZ MSB 25 75 LSB
n‡q _v‡K| (Most Significant Bit) (Least Significant Bit)
(†ewk ¸iZ¡c~b© weU) Radix (Kg ¸iZ¡c~b© weU)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 2

23
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

12. wewfbœ msL¨v c×wZi cwiwPwZ eY©bv Ki|  (138.35)10 = (?)2

Dt evBbvwit †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 2wU A¼ (Digit) eënvi 2 138 .35
Kiv nq Zv‡K evBbvwi c×wZ e‡j| 2 69 --- 0 ×2
2 34 --- 1 0 .7
`kwgKt †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 10wU A¼ (Digit) eënvi 2 17 --- 0 ×2
Kiv nq Zv‡K `kwgK c×wZ e‡j| 2 8 --- 1 1 .4
A±vj t †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 8wU A¼ (Digit) eënvi Kiv 2 4 --- 0 ×2
nq Zv‡K A±vj c×wZ e‡j| 2 2 --- 0 0 .8
1 --- 0 ×2
‡n·v‡Wwmgvj t †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 16wU A¼ (Digit) 1 .6
eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj c×wZ e‡j|
(138)10 = (10001010)2 (.35)10 = (.0101…..)2
wewfbœ msL¨v c×wZi cwiwPwZi PvU© t
Ans : (138.05)10 = (10001010.0100……)2
msL¨v c×wZ Base cÖZxK ev wPü D`vniY
/ wfwË wet`ªt hw` †Kv‡bv `kwgK we›`yi gvb ¸b Kivi ci †kl bv n‡j
evBbvwi 2 0,1 (1010)2 PviwU Kivi ci WU (.) eënvi K‡i wnmve ‡kl Ki‡Z n‡e|
A±vj 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 (257)8 Gfv‡eB Avgiv †hgb `kwgK †_‡K evBbvwi Ki‡Z cviwQ wVK
`kwgK 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 (129)10 GKB fv‡e A±vj, †n·v‡Wwmgvj iæcvšÍi Ki‡Z cvi‡ev|
‡n·v‡Wwmgvj 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, (5A2)16
A,B,C,D,E,F  (125.75)10 = (?)8 `kwgK †_‡K A±vj|
8 125 .75
13. `kwgK ‡_‡K †h †Kvb msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iæcvšÍi Gi eY©bv
8 15 --- 5 ×8
Ki| 1 --- 7 6 .0
Dt `kwgK ‡_‡K †h †Kv‡bv msL¨vq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨
evBbvwi(Binary)2 2 Øviv fvM I ¸b (125)10 = (175)8 (.75)10 = (.6)8
`kwgK(Decimal)10 A±vj(Octal)8 8 Øviv fvM I ¸b
Ans : (25.75)10 = (175.6)8
‡n·v‡Wwmgvj(Hexadecimal)8
16 Øviv fvM I ¸b K‡i|  (1395.135)10 = (?)8 `kwgK †_‡K A±vj|
(fvM . ¸b) 8 1395 .135
8 174 --- 3 ×8
8 21 --- 6 1 . 08
 (25.75)10 = (?)2 `kwgK †_‡K evBbvwi| 2 --- 5 ×8
2 25 .75 0 .64
2 12 --- 1 LSB MSB ×2 ×8
2 6 --- 0 1 . 50 5 .12
2 3 --- 0 ×2
1 --- 1 MSB LSB 1 .0 (1395)10 = (2563)8 (.135)10 = (.105…..)8

(25)10 = (11001)2 (.75)2 = (.11)2

Ans : (1395.135)10 = (2563.105……)8

Ans : (25.75)10 = (11001.11)2

ততোমোদের মদযে ঴বদেদে ভোদ঱ো মোনু঳ তোরো ,
যোদের আেোর বেব঵োর ঴বদেদে ভোদ঱ো।
--- ঴঵ী঵ বুখোরী

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 3

24
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

 (1965.135)10 = (?)16 `kwgK †_‡K ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj | = 125.75

Ans: (175.75)8 = (125.75)10
16 1965 .135
16 122--- 13 (D) × 16  (7AD.9F)16 = (?)10 ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj †_‡K `kwgK |
7 --- 10 (A) 2 . 16
× 16 = (7× 162+10× 161+13× 160)+(9× 16-1+15× 16-2)
1 1
2 .56 =(7×256+10× 16+13×1)+(9× 16 +15× 256 )
× 16
= (1792+160+13)+(0.5625+0.05859375)
8 .96
= 1965.62109375
(1965)10 = (7AD)16 (.135)10 = (.228…..)16
Ans: (7AD.9F)16 = (1965.62109375)10
Ans : (1965.135)10 = (7AD.228……)16
15. wewmwW ev BCD ‡KvW Kx?
14. ‡h †Kv‡bv msL¨v ‡_‡K `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iæcvšÍi
Gi eY©bv Ki| Dt BCD Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Binary Coded Decimal|
`kwgK msL¨vi cÖwZwU A¼‡K mgZzj¨ evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv
Dt ‡h †Kv‡bv msL¨v ‡_‡K `kwgK msL¨vq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨
cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD Code e‡j|
evBbvwi(Binary)2 2 Øviv ¸b K‡i| 16. wewmwW Gi PvU© A¼b Ki|
`kwgK(Decimal)10 A±vj(Octal)8 8 Øviv ¸b K‡i|
‡n·v‡Wwmgvj(Hexadecimal)8 BCD Decimal GLv‡b 0-1ch©šÍ evBbvwi
16 Øviv ¸b K‡i| 0 0 0 0 0 Avevi 0-7 ch©šÍ A±vj|
0 0 0 1 1 Avevi, 0-9 ch©šÍ †Wwmgvj
(¸b1.¸b -1) 0 0 1 0 2 msL¨v|
Ges 0-9,A-F ch©šÍ
0 0 1 1 3
 ‡h †Kv‡bv msL¨v ‡_‡K `kwgK msL¨vq iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ GB ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj|
0 1 0 0 4
PvU© g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡jB msL¨v¸‡jv Avgiv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
0 1 0 1 5
cvi‡ev|
0 1 1 0 6
5g 4_© 3q 2q 1g 1g 2q 3q 4_© Avgiv mn‡R g‡b ivL‡Z
0 1 1 1 7
evBbvwi we›`y

8 4 2 1 †Wwmgvj I
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1 0 0 0 8 †n·v‡Wwmgv‡j Gi Rb¨
24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 1 0 0 1 9 Ges 4 2 1 g‡b ivL‡ev
16 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 0 A(10) A±vj msL¨vi Rb¨|
2 4 8 16 ‡hvM Kwi †h¸‡jv 1 Av‡Q|
1 0 1 1 B(11)
‡gvU 8 4 2 1
 (11001.11)2 = (?)10 evBbvwi †_‡K `kwgK | 1 1 0 0 C(12)
10 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 D(13) 5 0 1 0 1
= (1×24+1×23+0×22+0×21+1×20 )+ (1×2-1+1×2-2) 1 1 1 0 E (14) 2 0 0 1 0
1 1
= (1×16+1×8+0×4+0×2+1×1)+(1× +1× 4) 1 1 1 1 F(15) 15 1 1 1 1
2
= (16+8+0+0+1)+(.5+.25) wPÎ t wewmwW Gi PvU©| 1g N‡i 1Uv 0 1Uv 1|
2q N‡i 2Uv 0 2Uv 1|
= 25.75 3q N‡i 4Uv 0 4Uv 1|
17. (9587)10 †K BCD Gi iæcvšÍi Ki| 4_© N‡i 8Uv 0 8Uv 1|
Ans: (11001.11)2 = (25.75)10 n
GwU 2 Gi m~Îvbymv‡i|
9 5 8 7
 (175.6)8 = (?)10 A±vj †_‡K `kwgK |
= (1×82+7×81+5×80)+(6×8-1) 1001 0101 1000 0111
1
= (1×64+7×8+5×1)+(6× )
8 Ans : (9587)10 = (1001010110000111)BCD
= 64+56+5+0.75

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 4

25
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

18. (574)8 †K BCD Gi iæcvšÍi Ki| 23. (537.157)8 ‡K ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Ki|
5 7 4 5 3 7 . 1 5 7

101 111 100 101 011 111 . 001 101 111

Ans : (574)8 = (101111100) BCD (357.156)8 = (101011111.001101111)BCD
19. (3BC.24D)16 †K BCD Gi iæcvšÍi Ki| 0001 0101 1111 . 0011 0111 1000
3 B C . 2 4 D
1 5 15(F) 3 7 8
0011 1011 1100 0010 0100 1101 (101011111.001101111)BCD = (15F.378)16
Ans: Ans : (537.157)8 = (15F.378)8
(3BC.24D)16 =(001110111100.001001001101)BCD
wet`ªt wKQz wKQz As‡k weU wgj Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv k~b¨ (0) †hvM
wet `ªt A±vj msL¨v Avm‡jB Avgiv wZbwU weU wb‡q KvR Ki‡ev| K‡iwQ| ‡h¸‡jv weU wgj‡e bv †m¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv ïb¨ †hvMK‡i
Avi hw` ‡Wwmgvj Ges †n·v‡Wwmgvj n‡j Pvi weU wb‡q KvR †be| wKQz ¸iZ¡ c~b© Ask g‡b ivL‡ev †mUv nj `kwgK we›`yi
Ki‡ev| Av‡M Wvb w`K n‡Z cÖwZwU Ask‡K wZi wPü w`‡q wPwüZ Ki‡ev
Ges `kwgK we›`yi c‡i evg w`K n‡Z cÖwZwU Ask‡K wZi wPü
20. (11101011)2 †K A±vj msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Ki| w`‡q wPwüZ Ki‡ev|
111 010 110
GB wZi wPü ¸‡jv bv w`‡j cixÿvq gvK© w`‡e bv|
7 2 6 wet `ªt K¨vjKz‡jU‡i GB KvR ¸‡jv Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g
Ans : (11101011)2 = (726)8 K¨vjKz‡jU‡i Mood G Press Kwi| K‡qKevi Press Kivi
21. (1010111010)2 †K ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨vq iæcvšÍi ci Base Avm‡j Base Gi wb‡P †h gvb †`qv Av‡Q †mUv
Ki| AwZwi³ `ywU ïb¨
mgZv Kivi Rb¨ Press Kwi| Press Kivi ci Avgiv Display ‡Z †`L‡Z
0010 1011 1010 cvi‡ev b,o,d A_ev h Gi ‡h †Kv‡bv GKwU| Z‡e Avgiv d
Press K‡i ‡b‡ev| d ej‡Z ‡Wwmgvj msL¨v‡K eySv‡e| ZvB †h
2 11(B) 10(A)
†Kv‡bv ‡Wwmgvj msL¨v w`‡q mgvb (=) Press K‡i Gevi
Ans : (1010111010)2 = (2BA)16 Mood Button Gi wb‡P Bin, Oct, Dec Ges Hex ‡jLv
22. (75A.59)16 ‡K A±vj msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Ki| Button G Press K‡i ‡h gvb cÖ‡qvRb †mUv Press Kwi|
7 5 A . 5 9 Press Ki‡j Avgiv gvb ‡c‡q hv‡ev|

0111 0101 1010 0101 1001 K¨vjKz‡jUi c~bivq Av‡Mi Ae¯’vq wdwi‡q Avb‡Z Shift
Button G Press K‡i Mood Button Press Kwi, 3
(758.59)16 = (011101011010.01011001)BCD
Press Ges mgvb (=)Button Press Kwi Avevi mgvb
011 101 011 010 . 010 110 010 (=)Button Press Kwi| e¨m KvR †kl|
AwZwi³ 1wU ïb¨
mgZv Kivi Rb¨
3 5 3 2 2 6 2
Ans:
(011101011010.01011001)BCD = (3532.262)8

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 5

26
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

24. evBbvwi †hvM I we‡qvM Gi eb©bv Ki| 28. wecixZ Kib ev wb‡Mkb (Negation) Kv‡K e‡j?
Dt evBbvwi msL¨vi †hvM `kwgK msL¨vi g‡ZvB| ïaygvÎ Dt †Kvb abvZ¥K msL¨v‡K FbvZ¥K msL¨vq ev †Kvb
evBbvwi A_©¨vr (0,1) `ywU msL¨v nIqvq K¨vwi ev nv‡Z FbvZ¥K msL¨v‡K abvZ¥K msL¨vq cwieZ©b Kiv‡K
enb Kiv msL¨v g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡jB n‡e| Negation e‡j|
A B A+B Carry (nv‡Z) ‡hgb t (18)10 = (10010)2
0 0 0 0 A_©¨vr +18 = 00010010
0 1 1 0 -18 = 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 (wb‡Mkb)
1 0 1 0
+18 = 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 (c~b©t wb‡Mkb)
1 1 0 1
1+1 =10,e‡m 0 nv‡Z _v‡K 1 Abyiæcfv‡e,1+1+1=11, e‡m 1 nv‡Z (wet`ªt GLv‡b ïaygvÎ cÖ_‡g †h weU †mUvB cwieZ©b n‡e evwK
_v‡K 1 ¸‡jv wVK _vK‡e|)
1. 11 2. 101 3. 1100101 4. 11.10 29. (27)10 ‡_‡K (13)10 we‡qvM Ki 2ÕGi cwic~i‡Ki wbb©q
+01 +001 +1010101 +101.01 Ki|
100 110 10111010 1000.11 27-13=14
mgvavb t 27+(-13)
5. 11011.101 6. 111010101111.111011
2 27
+10110.110 +111011101111.110111
2 13 --- 1 22 13 --- 1 2
110010.011 1110110011111.110010
2 6 --- 1 2 6 --- 1
25. wPühy³ msL¨v (Signed Number) ej‡Z Kx eySvq? 2 3 --- 0 2 3 --- 0
Dt MvwbwZK Kv‡R msL¨vi gvb eySv‡bvi Rb¨ `ywU Ae¯’v 1 --- 1 1 --- 1
i‡q‡Q aYvZ¥K I FbvZ¥K msL¨v eySv‡bvi Rb¨ h_vµ‡g +
(27)10 = (11011)2 ‡h¸‡jv we‡qvM wPwüZ
I - wPü e¨envi nq| GB + ev - hy³ msL¨v‡K Signed msL¨v ïaygvÎ †m¸‡jvB
(13)10 = (1101)2
Number e‡j| 2Õcwic~iK Ki‡Z n‡e|
evBbvwi msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î wPü weU 0 n‡j msL¨vwU
abvZ¥K Ges wPü weU 1 n‡j msL¨vwU FbvZ¥K| cwic~iK mg~n

26. 2ÕGi cwic~iK Kv‡K e‡j| - 13 = 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 13 = 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1

Dt †Kv‡bv evBbvwi msL¨v‡K Dwë‡q A_©¨vr 1 Gi cwie‡Z© 0 27 = 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 (1st com)
Ges 0 Gi cwie‡Z© 1 wjL‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv‡K 14 = 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
1ÕGi cwic~iK e‡j| Avi 1ÕGi cwic~i‡Ki mv‡_ 1 †hvM -13 = 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 (2nd com)
Carry
Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv‡K 2ÕGi cwic~iK e‡j| cwic~iK we‡qvM Wvb
[wet`ªt 2ÕGi cwic~iK Kivi Rb¨ Ae‰kB g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e djvdj t (14)10 = (00001110)2 w`‡K Ges †hv‡Mi KvR
evg w`‡K Ki‡Z n‡e|
K¨v‡i±vi(Character) |
1st Cha = 8 bit Ges 2nd Cha = 16 bit ] (wet `ªt GLv‡b ‡hvMd‡j Carry msL¨vwU ev` w`‡q evKx me
27. 43 Gi 2ÕGi cwic~iK (Complement ) wbY©q Ki| msL¨v ¸‡jv †hUv _vK‡e ‡mUvB e‡m hv‡e †hgb t djvdj 14|
Dt 43 Gi evBbvwi msL¨v = 101011 Avi GB msL¨vq 1g weU 0 ZvB GwU abvZ¥K|)
st
1 Cha ev 8 weU †iwR÷v‡ii Rb¨ G msL¨v = 00101011
A_©¨vr + 43 = 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
আমোর পদর ঴বদেদে বড় েোনলী঱ ত঴,
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (1st Com) তয তকোদনো বব঳দে জ্ঞোন ঱োভ করদ঱ো,
+1
অতপর তো ছবড়দে বেদ঱ো ।
- 43 = 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 (2nd Com)
---- ববশ্বনবী ঵যরত তমো঵োম্মে(঴োাঃ)
wet`ªt hw` 8 weU Gi †P‡q †ewk msL¨v n‡j Zv‡K 2nd Cha ev
16 weU wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z nq|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 6
27
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

30. (13)10 ‡_‡K (27)10 we‡qvM Ki 2ÕGi cwic~i‡Ki wbb©q 33. BwewmwWAvBwm †KvW(EBCDIC Code) Kx?
Ki|
13-27=-14 Dt EBCDIC Gi c~b© iæc n‡”Q Extended Binary
mgvavb t 13+(-27) Coded Decimal Information Code| GwU GKwU 8
2 27 we‡Ui †KvW| Bnv‡K G·‡Ub‡W›U (Extended) EBCDIC
2 13 --- 1 22 13 --- 1 2 Code e‡j| GB †KvW Øviv 28 ev 256 wU A¼ Ges we‡kl
2 6 --- 1 2 6 --- 1 wPü cÖKvk Kiv nq| GB †KvWwU IBM ‡Kv¤úvwb me©cÖ_g
2 3 --- 0 2 3 --- 0 360 I 370 wmwi‡Ri Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ_g eënvi K‡i|
1 --- 1 1 --- 1 34. wewmwW †KvW I evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
‡h¸‡jv we‡qvM wPwüZ
(27)10 = (11011)2 msL¨v ïaygvÎ †m¸‡jvB
wewmwW †KvW evBbvwi †KvW
(13)10 = (1101)2 2Õcwic~iK Ki‡Z n‡e| 1. wewmwW †KvW †Kv‡bv msL¨v 1. evBbvwi †KvW GKwU
cwic~iK mg~n c×wZ bq| msL¨v c×wZ|
2. GUv `kwgK msL¨v c×wZi 2. `kwgK msL¨v‡K
27 = 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
- 27 = 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 msL¨v ‡K wewmwW ‡Kv‡W cÖKvk evBbvwi msL¨vq cÖKvk
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 (1st com)
13 = 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 Kiv Lye mnR| Kiv KwVb|
+1
-14 = 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 -27=1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 (2nd com) 3. ïaygvÎ 0 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ 3. evBbvwi †Kv‡W
`kwgK msL¨vi evBbvwi mgZzj¨ wnmv‡ei cÖ‡qvRb nq|
-14 =1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 msL¨v‡K g‡b ivL‡jB †h †Kvb
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1(1st com) wnmve m¤úbœ Kiv hvq|
+1 4. †Kv‡bv msL¨v‡K wewmwW 4. †Kv‡bv msL¨v‡K
14 = 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 (2ndcom) †Kv‡W cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †ewk weU evBbvwi cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Kg
djvdj t (-14)10 = (11110010)2 jv‡M| weU jv‡M|
5.GUv `kwgK c×wZi msL¨v‡K 5.G msL¨v
evBbvwi msL¨vq cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ c×wZ‡Z†KejgvÎ `ywU
(wet `ªt GLv‡b ‡hvMd‡j Carry msL¨vwU ‡bB wKšÍy GB msL¨vq 1g
eëüZ nq| (0,1) msL¨v eëüZ nq|
weU Ô1Õ ZvB GwU FbvZ¥K| †hgb t djvdj -14| FbvZ¥K n‡jB
6.D`vt (137) 10 Gi wewmwW 6. D`vt (137) 10Gi
Avevi 2ÕGi cwic~iK Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgbUv mgvav‡b Kiv Av‡Q|)
†KvW=(000100110111)BCD mgZzj¨ evBbvwi =
(10001001)2
31. AvmwK †KvW (ASCII Code) Kx?
Dt AvmwK Gi c~b© A_© American Standard Code for 35. ASCII ‡KvW I BCD †Kv‡Wi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
Information Interchange| GwU GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ 7 ASCII BCD
we‡Ui †KvW| 1965 mv‡j ievU© wegvi 7 we‡Ui AvmwK 1. ASCII kã-ms‡ÿcwUi 1. BCD kã-ms‡ÿcwUi
†KvW D™¢veb K‡ib|G †Kv‡Wi gv‡a¨‡g 27 ev 128 wU c~b©iæc n‡jv American c~b©iæc n‡jv Binary Code
wPü‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| Standard Code for Decimal
Information Interchange
32. BDwb‡KvW(Unicode) Kx? 2. ASCII 7 wU weU wb‡q 2. BCD †KvW 4 wU weU
7
Dt BDwb‡KvW Gi c~b© A_© Universal Code ev mve©Rbxb MwVZ| G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 2 wb‡q MwVZ| G †Kv‡Wi
†KvW| eZ©gv‡b wek¦e¨vcx cÖPwjZ AvmwK †Kv‡Wi cvkvcvwk ev 256 wU AwØZxq wPü‡K gva¨‡g 24 ev 32 wU AwØZxq
BDwb‡KvW wm‡÷g Pvjy n‡q‡Q| BDwb‡Kv‡Wi gv‡a¨‡g 216 wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| wPü‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
ev 65536 wU wPü‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| GwU 1991 mv‡j 3. eY©,msL¨v we‡kl wPü I 3. `kwgK c×wZi msL¨v‡K
Apple Computer Corporation Ges Xerox cÖZxK‡K †KvW K‡i gvB‡µv evBbvwi‡Z iæcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨B
Corporation ‡h․_fv‡e D™¢veb K‡ib| Kw¤úDUv‡i ASCII †Kv‡Wi BCD †Kv‡Wi eënvi nq|
e¨vcK cÖPjb Av‡Q|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 7

28
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

3 Aa¨vq Gi 2q Ask 41. mZ¨K mviwY (Truth Table) Kx?

Dt eywjq Pj‡Ki gv‡bi m¤¢ve¨ me web¨v‡mi Rb¨ eywjq
36. wWwRUvj wWfvBm Kv‡K e‡j? dvsk‡bi †h gvb nq Zv †`Lv‡bvi †Uwej‡K mZ¨K mviwY
Dt †h mKj hš¿cvwZ cÖhyw³MZ fv‡e wWwRU ev 0,1 A_ev
ev Truth Table e‡j|
mZ¨ I wg_¨v wb‡q KvR K‡i Zv‡ì wWwRUvj wWfvBm
e‡j| 42. mvavib Ges eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
37. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv Kx? mvavib A¨vj‡Reiv eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv
Dt me© cÖ_g cÖL¨vZ Bs‡iR MwbZwe` RR© eyj (George 1 †h †Kvb A¼ eënvi Kiv 1 `ywU A¼ 0 I 1 eënvi
Boole) MwbZ I hyw³i gva¨‡g †h my¯úó m¤úK© i‡q‡Q Zv hvq| Kiv hvq|
Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib Ges GKwU bZzb ai‡bi exRMwbZ cÖeZ©b 2 ‡h †Kvb MvwbwZK cÖwµqv 2 ‡hvM I ¸b G `ywU
K‡ib| †hgb:- †hvM,¸b,fvM,eM©, MvwbwZK cÖwµqv m¤¢e|
eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi nj wWwRUvj hyw³ eZ©bx, we‡qvM , BZ¨vw` m¤¢e|
cÖhyw³, †cÖvMÖvwgs †mU w_Iwi I cwimsL¨vbMZ mgm¨vi 3 c~iK PjK ev cwic~iK 3 c~iK PjK ev cwic~iK
mgvavb Kiv hv g~jZ jwRK mvwK©‡Ui gva¨‡g mZ¨ I †bB| Av‡Q|
wg_¨v‡K h_vµ‡g 0 I 1 w`‡q cwieZ©b Kivi gva¨‡g 4 fMœvsk ev FbvZ¥K msL¨v 4 fMœvsk ev FbvZ¥K msL¨v
Kw¤úDUv‡i MvwbwZK mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e nq| eënvi Kiv hvq| eënvi Kiv hvq bv|
‡h․w³K PjK Ges hyw³gyjK Acv‡ikb mg~‡ni 5 R¨vwgwZ, wÎ‡KvbwgwZ ev 5 R¨vwgwZ, wÎ‡KvbwgwZ ev
mn‡hv‡M MwVZ MwbZ‡K eywjq exRMwYZ ev eywjqvb jMvwi`g BZ¨vw` m~Î jMvwi`g BZ¨vw` m~Î
A¨vj‡Reiv e‡j| eënvi Kiv hvq| eënvi Kiv hvq bv|
38. eywjqvb aªæeK I PjK Kv‡K e‡j? 6 MvwbwZK KvR 6 gvÎ `yBwU A¼ _vKvq
Dt eywjqvb aªæeK t hvi gvb mg‡qi mv‡_ cwieZ©b bq Zyjbvg~jK KwVb| †hvM I ¸‡bi KvR
A_©¨vr 0 Ges 1 n‡”Q eywjqvb aªæeK| mnR|
eywjqvb PjK t hvi gvb mg‡qi mv‡_ cwieZ©b nq A_¨v©r 43. wW-giM¨v‡bi (De Morgan) m~Î `ywU cÖgvb Ki|
A Ges B n‡”Q eywjqvb PjK|
Dt Bs‡iR MwYZwe` wW-giM¨vb (De Morgan) eywjqvb
39. ‰ØZ bxwZ Kx?
Dt AND Ges OR Acv‡ik‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ mKj A¨vj‡Revi †ÿ‡Î `ywU Dccv`¨ Avwe¯‥vi K‡ib| Zvi bvg
Dccv`¨ mgxKi‡bi m~Î‡K ‣ØZ bxwZ e‡j| Abymv‡i Dccv`¨ `ywU‡K wW-giM¨v‡bi m~Î ev Dccv`¨ ejv
‡hgbt nq|
OR AND `yB Pj‡Ki Rb¨ wW-giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ `ywU n‡jv-
0+0=0 0.0=0 1) A + B = A. B
0+1=1 0.1=1
2) A. B = A + B
1+0=1 1.0=1
1+1=1 1.1=1 A B 𝐀 𝐁 A+B 𝐀 + 𝐁 𝐀. 𝐁 AB 𝐀𝐁 𝐀+𝐁
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
40. eywjqvb Dccv`¨ Kv‡K e‡j? 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Dt eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq RwUj mgxKiY‡K mijxKiY 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Kivi Rb¨ wKQz myÎ ev Dccv`¨ eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
eywjqvb Dccv`¨ e‡j|
‡hgbt 1g m~Î 2q m~Î
Logical OR Logical AND Logical NOT 1) A + B = A. B
A+0=A A.0=0 2) A. B = A + B (Proved)
A+1=1 A.1=A
A+A=A A.A=A A=A
A+A=1 A.A=0
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 8
29
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

44. n msL¨K eywjqvb Pj‡Ki wW-giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ wjL| 1) ‡gŠwjK †MBU t ‡h mKj †MBU fv½v hvqbv wKšÍy Ab¨vb¨
Dt n msL¨K eywjqvb Pj‡Ki Rb¨ wW-giM¨v‡bi Dccv`¨ ‡MU GB †MBU Øviv ‣Zwi Kiv hvq Zv‡K ‡g․wjK †MBU e‡j|
`ywU wb¤œiæc- ‡g․wjK †MBU 3 cÖKvi h_v t
1) 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 … … + 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴1 . 𝐴2 . 𝐴3 … … 𝐴𝑛 K) A¨vÛ †MBU (AND Gate)
L) Ai †MBU (OR Gate)
2) 𝐴1 . 𝐴2 . 𝐴3 … … . 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 𝐴3 … … +𝐴𝑛
M) bU †MBU (NOT Gate)
45. jwRK †MBU(Logic Gate) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
K)A¨vÛ †MBU (AND Gate)t †h jwRK †MB‡Ui me¸‡jv
Dt jwRK †MU ej‡Z Ggb GKwU jwRK mvwK©U‡K eySvq, BbcyU High n‡j AvDUcyU High nq Zv‡K e‡j A¨vÛ
hvi GK ev GKvwaK BbcyU I GKwU gvÎ AvDUcyU Av‡Q
†MBU e‡j|
Ges hv wewfbœ cÖKvi jwRK dvskb m¤úbœ K‡i Zv‡K jwRK
Symbolt A
†MU e‡j| S=A.B
B
46. jwRK ‡MBU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
Dt jwRK †MBU `yB cÖKvi h_vt wPÎ t Logic Circuit
1) †gŠwjK †MBU| Truth Table t Circuit t
2) †hŠwMK †MBU| Input Output
‡g․wjK †MBU 3 cÖKvi h_v t A B S=A.B
0 0 0
K) A¨vÛ †MBU (AND Gate) 0 1 0
L) Ai †MBU (OR Gate) 1 0 0
M) bU †MBU (NOT Gate) 1 1 1
‡h․wMK †MBU 4 cÖKvi h_vt
wKšÍy Gi g‡a¨ 2wU mvavib ev me©Rbxb †MU L) Ai †MBU (OR Gate)t †h jwRK †MB‡Ui GKwU gvÎ
BbcyU High n‡j AvDUcyU High nq Zv‡K e‡j Ai †MBU
K) b¨vÛ †MBU (NAND Gate)
e‡j|
L) bi †MBU (NOR Gate)
Symbolt A
Ges 2wU we‡kl †MBU B
S=A+B
M) G·-Ai †MBU (X-OR Gate) wPÎ t Logic Circuit
N) G·-bi †MBU (X-NOR Gate)
Truth Table t Circuit t
Logic Gate
Input Output
A B S=A+B
Basic Logic Gate Compound Gate 0 0 0
0 1 1
AND OR NOT Universal Gate Special Gate 1 0 1
1 1 1
NAND NOR X-OR X-NOR
XOR M) bU †MBU (NOT Gate)t †h jwRK †MB‡Ui BbcyU hv
wPÎ t jwRK ‡MU GiGate
cÖKvi‡f`| n‡e AvDUcyU Zvi wecixZ nq Zv‡K bU †MBU e‡j|
A_©¨vr BbcyU High n‡j AvDUcyU Low|
47. jwRK ‡MB‡Ui D`vnib mn eY©bv `vI?
Symbol t A A
Dt jwRK †MBU `yB cÖKvi h_vt
1) †gŠwjK †MBU| wPÎ t Logic Circuit
2) †hŠwMK †MBU|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 9
30
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

Truth Table t Circuit t Truth Table t Main Truth Table t

I/p O/p Input Output Input Output
A A A B A+B A + B A B A+B
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0 0
2) †hŠwMK †MBUt ‡h mKj †MU GK ev GKvwaK ‡g․wjK 1 1 1 0 1 1 0
†MB‡Ui mgš^‡q •Zwi nq Zv‡K †h․wMK †MBU e‡j|
‡h․wMK †MBU 4 cÖKvi h_vt M) G·-Ai †MBU (X-OR Gate) t X-OR Gate Gi
c~b©iæc n‡”Q Exclusive OR Gate|
wKšÍy Gi g‡a¨ 2wU mvavib ev me©Rbxb †MU
X-OR Gate Gi ‡g․wjK Gate AND, OR, NOT Gate
K) b¨vÛ †MBU (NAND Gate) w`‡q •Zix Kiv hvq|
L) bi †MBU (NOR Gate) Symbol t
Ges 2wU we‡kl †MBU A A⊕B
M) G·-Ai †MBU (X-OR Gate) B
= AB + AB
N) G·-bi †MBU (X-NOR Gate)
Truth Table t Main Truth Table t
K)b¨vÛ †MBU (NAND Gate)t
AND Gate + NOT Gate = NAND Gate Input Output Input Output
Symbol t A B A B AB AB AB + AB A B A⊕B
A.B 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
A A. B 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
B
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
A. B
B
(wet `ªt GLv‡b ⊕ Øviv X-OR Gate wµqv †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ⊕ Gi
wPÎ t Logic Circuit
cÖK…Z bvg N-ary Circle Plus| g‡b ivL‡ev|
Truth Table t Main Truth Table t Truth Table Gi mKj Bbcy‡Ui gvb †Rvo n‡j AvDUcy‡Ui gvb 0
Input Output Input Output n‡e| Ges we‡Rvo n‡j AvDUcy‡Ui gvb 1 n‡e|)
A B A.B A. B A B A. B
0 0 0 1
N) G·-bi †MBU (X-NOR Gate) t X-NOR Gate Gi
0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 c~b©iæc n‡”Q Exclusive OR †MBU| X-OR Gate Gi
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 ‡g․wjK Gate AND, OR, NOT Gate w`‡q •Zix Kiv
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 hvq|
Symbol tA
L) bi †MBU (NOR Gate) t A⊕B
B
OR Gate + NOT Gate = NOR Gate = AB + AB
Symbol t g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e evi n‡j Plus
(+) n‡e ¸b (.) Ges ¸b (.) = AB . AB
A A+B
A+B n‡e (+)| A= AGes A.A = 0 = A + B . (A + B)
B |
= (A+B).(A+B)
A = A.A+A.B+A. B+B.B
A+B
B
= 0+AB+A B+0
wPÎ t Logic Circuit = AB+A B

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10

31
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

Truth Table t Main Truth Table t = (𝐴 𝐵 𝐶). 𝐵C

Input Output Input Output = 𝐴 𝐵 𝐵 CC
A B A B AB AB AB + AB A B A⊕B = 𝐴 𝐵 C Ans.
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 e. mij Ki t
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 ABC+A𝐵C+AB𝐶
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 = A(C+B𝐶 )
= A(C+B)(C+C)
(wet `ªt X-NOR Gate Truth Table Gi mKj Bbcy‡Ui gvb †Rvo
n‡j AvDUcy‡Ui gvb 1 n‡e| Ges we‡Rvo n‡j AvDUcy‡Ui gvb 0 = AC(B+𝐵 )+AB𝐶
n‡e|) = AC+AB𝐶 Ans.
48. BDwbfv©‡mj †MU (Universal Gate) Kx? f. mij Ki t
Dt ‡h mKj Gate AND,OR,NOT w`‡q AND, OR, 𝐴BC+A𝐵C+ABC+A𝐶
NOT •Zix Kiv hvq Universal Gate Zv‡K e‡j| = 𝐴BC+𝐴C+A𝐵C+ABC
A_ev, †h mKj †M‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ mKj †g․wjK †M‡Ui KvR = 𝐴𝐶(B+1)+AC(𝐵 + 𝐵)
ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq Zv‡`i‡K BDfv©‡mj †MU e‡j| = 𝐴𝐶+AC
49. jwRK dvsk‡bi mijxKiY Gi eb©Yv| = C(𝐴+A)
a. mij Ki t = C.1
(A+B)(A+𝐵)(𝐴+C) = C Ans.
= (A.A+A. 𝐵+AB+B.𝐵)(𝐴+C) g. mij Ki t
= (A+A𝐵+AB)(𝐴+C) ABC+𝐴𝐵C+A𝐵C+𝐴𝐵 C
= [A(1+𝐵)+AB]( 𝐴+C) = BC(A+𝐴)+ 𝐵C(A+𝐴)
= A.𝐴+AC = BC.1+𝐵C.1
= 0+AC [∵A𝐴=0, B𝐵=0] = C(B+𝐵)
= AC Ans. = C.1
b. mij Ki t = C Ans.
h. mij Ki t
𝐴+𝐶 + 𝐵+𝐷
𝐴 𝐵 C+𝐴𝐵𝐶 +A𝐵 𝐶 +ABC
= (𝐴. 𝐶 + 𝐵. 𝐷 )
= 𝐴(𝐵C+ 𝐵𝐶 )+A(𝐵 𝐶 +BC)
= (A.𝐶 )+(B.𝐷 )
= 𝐴(B⊕C)+A(𝐵 ⊕ 𝐶 )
= A.𝐶 + 𝐵. 𝐷 Ans.
= 𝐴X+A𝑋 Avgiv Rvwb,
c. mij Ki t = A⊕ 𝑋 BC+ BC = B⊕C
awi, B⊕C=X
(A+𝐵)(𝐴+B) = A⊕B⊕C Ans.
= A. 𝐴+AB+𝐴.𝐵+B.𝐵 i. mij Ki t
= 0+AB+𝐴.𝐵+0 𝐵C+𝐵𝐶 +BC
= AB+𝐴.𝐵 Ans. = 𝐶 (B+𝐵)+BC
d. mij Ki t = 𝐶 + BC
(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 ). 𝐵C = (𝐶 + B)(𝐶 +C)
= (𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 ). 𝐵C = B+𝐶 Ans.

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 11

32
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

j. cÖgvb Ki t n. hw` F= 𝑿𝒀+XY𝒁 nq Zvn‡j cÖgvb Ki †h,

(𝑀 + 𝑁)(𝑀 + 𝑁)=𝑀N +M𝑁 F𝐹 = 0 Ges F+𝐹 = 1.
L.H.S, †`Iqv Av‡Q,
(𝑀 + 𝑁)(𝑀 + 𝑁) F= 𝑋 𝑌+XY𝑍
= 𝑀 + 𝑁+𝑀 + 𝑁 = Y(𝑋 +X𝑍)
= Y(𝑋 +X)(𝑋 +𝑍)
= 𝑀. 𝑁 +𝑀. 𝑁
= Y.1(𝑋 +𝑍)
= 𝑀.N+M.𝑁
= R.H.S = Y(𝑋𝑍 ) [wW-giM¨v‡bi m~Îvbymv‡i]
∴L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved) ev, 𝐹 = 𝑌(𝑋𝑍 )
k. cÖgvb Ki t = 𝑌+𝑋𝑍
(A+B)(A+C) = A+BC = 𝑌+XY
L.H.S, GLb,
(A+B)(A+C) F𝐹 = Y(𝑋𝑍 ).(𝑌+XZ)
= AA+AC+AB+BC = Y (𝑋𝑍 ).𝑌 +Y(𝑋𝑍 ). XZ
= A+AC+AB+BC = 0 + 0 [∵ A.𝐴 = 0]
= A(1+C+B)+BC =0
= A.1 +BC Avevi,
= A+BC F+𝐹 = Y(𝑋𝑍 ) + (𝑌+XZ)
= R.H.S = Y(𝑋𝑍 ) + XZ + 𝑌
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved) = XZ+Y(𝑋𝑍 ) + 𝑌
l. mij Ki t = (XZ+Y)(XZ+𝑋𝑍 )+ 𝑌
𝑅𝑆𝑇 (𝑅 + 𝑆 + 𝑇) [∵A+B.C (A+B)(A+C)]
= (𝑅 + 𝑆 + 𝑇)𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇 = XZ+Y+𝑌 [∵ A+𝐴 = 1]
= XZ+1 [∵ A+1 = 1]
= 𝑅. 𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇 +𝑅 . 𝑆. 𝑆. 𝑇+𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇. 𝑇
=1
= 𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇+𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇+𝑅 . 𝑆. 𝑇 ∴ F𝐹 = 0 Ges F+𝐹 = 1 (Proved)
= 𝑅. 𝑆. 𝑇 Ans. O. cÖgvb Ki t
m. eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivi mnvqZviq cÖgvb Ki t 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦). 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥) = x+y
cÖgvb Ki t 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐴𝐵(𝐶 + 𝐷) L.H.S,
L.H.S, 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦). 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥)
𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦)+ 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥)
= 𝐴. 𝐵. 𝐶𝐷 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑦(𝑦 + 𝑥) [∵ 𝐴 = A]
= 𝐴B (𝐶 + 𝐷 ) = x.x + x.y + y.y + y.x
= 𝐴B (𝐶 + 𝐷) = x + xy + y + xy [∵ A.A = A]
= R.H.S = x(1+y)+ y(1+x) [∵ A+1 = 1]
= x.1+y.1
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved) =x+y
= R.H.S
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S (Proved)
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 12
33
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

50. mKj †M‡Ui ev¯Íevqb mg~n| f. NAND gate n‡Z AND gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
a. NOR gate n‡Z NOT gate ev¯Íevqb Ki| Dt Y = A . B
Dt Y= 𝐴 + 𝐴 = A .B
= 𝐴 Ans: A.B.
A
A A B Y = A.B
A
wPÎ t NAND gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb
wPÎ t NOR gate Øviv NOT gate ev¯Íevqb
g. ïay ‡gŠwjK n‡Z X-OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
b. NOR gate n‡Z AND gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
Dt Y = A⨁B
Dt Y = 𝐴 + 𝐵 = AB + AB
= A .B A B
= A.B Ans: A B

AB
A A
Y=A.B Y =AB + AB
B
B
AB
wPÎ t NOR gate n‡Z AND gate ev¯Íevqb wPÎ t ïay ‡gŠwjK n‡Z X-OR gate ev¯Íevqb
c. NOR gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki| h. NAND gate n‡Z X-OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
Dt Y = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐴 + 𝐵 Dt Y = A⨁B
=𝐴+𝐵 = AB + AB
= A+B = AB + AB
AB
A A+B
A+B = (AB). (AB)
B
A+B A AB
wPÎ t NOR gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb
Y=AB. AB
d. NAND gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki| = A⨁B
Dt Y = A . A B AB
=A wPÎ t NAND gate n‡Z X-OR gate ev¯Íevqb
A i. NOR gate n‡Z X-OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
Y=A
Dt Y = AB + AB
wPÎ t NOR gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb
= AB + AB
e. NAND gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
= (AB). (AB)
Dt Y = A . B
= (A + B). (𝐴 + B)
=A+B = (𝐴 + B). (𝐴 + B)
=A+B = (𝐴 + B) + (𝐴 + B)
AB
A
A B 𝐴 + BB
Y = A+B
B B A
Y =(𝐴 + B) + (𝐴 + B)
wPÎ t NAND gate n‡Z OR gate ev¯Íevqb 𝐴+B
=(𝐴 + B) + (𝐴 + B)
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 13
34
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

j. ïay ‡gŠwjK n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki| 51. jwRK dvskb †_‡K jwRK¨vj mvwK©‡U iæcvšÍi Ki|
Dt Y = A⨁B a. F = 𝑨𝑩+C+D𝑪
= AB+A. B A
A B A B C CD
A B
AB
F = AB+C+DC
Y =AB+A. B
= A⨁B
A. B
wPÎ t ïay ‡gŠwjK n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb b. F = 𝑨𝑩C+A𝑩C +AB𝑪
k. NAND gate n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki| A
A BB C C
Dt Y = A⨁B
B
= AB + AB
= AB+A. B
= AB + A. B F=ABC+ABC +ABC
= (AB). (A. B)
A B c. F = (𝐀 + 𝐁𝐂).𝐁C
AB A BB C
C
A Y =(AB). (A. B)
= A⨁B B
A. B
B F = (A + BC).BC
wPÎ t NAND gate n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb
l. NOR gate n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb Ki|
d. F = (𝐀 + 𝐁𝐂).𝐁C
Dt Y = A⨁B
= AB+A. B F= (AB + BC) + BC + (A + C)
AA B B C C
= AB + A. B
= (AB). (A. B)
= (A + B). (A + B)
F
= (A + B). (A + B)
= A+B + A+B
A B
A
A+B A+B+A+B
B তয জ্ঞোদনর ঴ন্ধোদন তবর ঵ে ,
A+B Y=A+B+A+B ত঴ আল্লো঵র পদে তবর ঵ে।
=A + B + A + B --- বতরবমযী
wPÎ t NOR gate n‡Z X-NOR gate ev¯Íevqb

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 14

35
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

52. jwRK¨vj mvwK©U †_‡K jwRK dvskb iæcvšÍi Ki| "______আই ফ োন ৭ (iPhone 7)______"
a. A B C
A নতু ন আই ত োন ৭ (iPhone 7) বকদন বো঴োে ব দরদছ তমদে।
বোবো তমদেদক তেদক বনদে বিদজ্ঞ঴ করদ঱ো,
F – কত বনদ঱ো তর ত োন?
– ৭০০ ে঱োর বোবো। ঴োদে ২০ ে঱োর বেদে কভোর আর ২৫
ে঱োর বেদে বিন প্রদেক্টর বকদনবছ।
Ans: F= (A+B).C – কভোর আর বিন প্রদেক্টর নো বকনদ঱ই পোরবত঴। ২৫ ে঱োর
b. তবেঁদে তযত বেববে।
AA B B C C – বক তয ব঱ বোবো! ৭০০ ে঱োর বেদে ত োন বকনদত পোর঱োম।
ত঴ই েোমী ত োদনর প্রদেকলদনর িনে মোত্র ২৫ ে঱োর খরে করব
নো?
– আেোপ঱ তকোম্পোনীর িনে এইেো একেু অপমোদনর বব঳ে ঵দে
F তগ঱ তয, তোদের ত োন ঠিক বনরোপে নো কভোর আর বিন
প্রদেক্টর ছোড়ো। কভোর ঱োগোদ঱ ততো আেোপ঱ এর ত঱োদগো-ও তেখো
যোদব নো।
– তমোদেই নো। বরং আেোপ঱ বদ঱ই বেদেদছ বিন প্রদেক্টর আর
Ans: F= 𝐴B+BC+BC
কভোর ঱োগোদত। ঵োত তেদক পড়দ঱ও েোগ পড়দব নো। তেখদতও
c. ঴ুন্দর ঱োদগ। আেোপ঱ এর ত঱োদগো তেখোদত ঵দব নো বোবো। যোরো
AA B B C C ত োন তেদন, কভোদরর তভতদর েোকদ঱ও আই ত োন বেনদব।
বোবো বমবি ত঵দ঴ তমদেদক কোদছ তেদন বনদ঱ন।
– মো তর, তু ই ৭০০ ে঱োর বেদে আই ত োন তকনোর পদরও
ত঴ৌন্দয্ে আর প্রদেকলদনর িনে আদরো ২৫ ে঱োর খরে কদর
F কভোর-প্রদেক্টর বকনব঱। এবোর বেন্তো কদর তেখ – মব঵মোবিত
আল্লো঵ তো’আ঱ো ববনোমূদ঱েই ততোদক এত ঴ুন্দর কদর পৃবেবীদত
পোঠিদেদছন। ত঴খোদন একেু কি কদর বনদির প্রদেকলদনর িনে,
বনদিদক আদরো মোবি্ত-নম্র ঱োগোর িনে ব঵িোব করো বক উবেত
নে ততোর? এত বপ্রে আই ত োদনর বনরোপত্তো ও ত঴ৌন্দদয্ের িনে
Ans: F= (AB + BC) + BC + (A + C) কভোর-প্রদেক্টর ঱োগদ঱ বনদির বপ্রে লরীদরর বনরোপত্তো ও
ত঴ৌন্দদয্ের িনে কভোর-প্রদেক্টর ঱োগদব নো? কভোদরর িনে
d. A B
ত঱োদগো নো তেখদত পোরদ঱ও যবে মোনু঳িন আই ত োন বেনদত
পোদর, তো঵দ঱ ব঵িোদবর তভতদর েোকদ঱ও ততোর প্রবতভোর ততো
কমবত ঵দব নো।
একেু তেদম েীঘ্শ্বো঴ ত ঱দ঱ন বোবো,
“এই ত োনদক ততো কোদরো কোদছ িবোববেব঵ করদত ঵দব নো।
বকন্তু ততোদক এবং আমোদক ততো ঵োলদরর মোদে বনশ্চেই
পরোক্রমলো঱ী আল্লো঵ তো’আ঱োর কোদছ িবোববেব঵ করদত ঵দব তর
মো!”
Ans: F= A + B + A + B
e. A B শিক্োাঃ একটি বব঳ে একেু পবরষ্কোর কবর ঴বোর িনে।
এই গদে একটি যুবি বেদে ব঵িোদবর গুরুত্ব বুঝোদনো ঵দেদছ।
বকন্তু একিন মু঴ব঱ম বো মু঴ব঱মো঵ এর ব঵িোব পো঱ন করোর
িনে যুবির প্রদেোিন তনই, তযখোদন পববত্র কুরআদন ব঵িোদবর
আেোত স্পি কদর এদ঴দছ।
আমোদের ব঵িোব করোর ঴রদেদে মূ঱ ববদবেে বকন্তু কুরআদন
ম঵োন আল্লো঵ তোআ’঱োর আদেল ও রো঴ু঱ুল্লো঵ (঴োাঃ) এর ঴ুন্নো঵;
Ans: F= A⨁B অবলেই তকোন মনু঳ে যুবি নে।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 15

36
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

53. wW‡KvWvi Gi eY©bv `vI|

A_ev, 3 to 8 Line Decoder Gi eY©bv `vI| A_ev, 2 to 4 Line Decoder Gi eY©bv `vI|
A_ev, 3 to 8 Line Decoder Gi Logic Circuit Gi eY©bv `vI|
 mgvavb t
wW‡KvWvi t †h B‡jKUªwb· ev jwRK mvwK©‡Ui gva¨‡g Bbcy‡Ui evBbvwi msL¨v ev WvUv‡K AvDUcy‡U mgZ~j¨ †Wwmgvj
msL¨vq cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K wW‡KvWvi e‡j|
GwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii AvDUcy‡U I Kw¤úDUvi Øviv wbqwš¿Z wWfvB‡mi gv‡S ms‡hvM Ki‡Z nq| wW‡KvWv‡ii Øviv 7
†mM‡g›U wWm‡cø| wWfvBm cwiPvjbv Kiv nq|
wb‡P 3wU BbcyU evBbvwi n‡Z 8wU AvDUcyU wewkó wW‡KvWv‡ii evBbvwi BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU Uªy_ †Uwej †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
‡KvW wW‡KvW Block Diagram t
(Code Input) (Decoded Output)
D 0 D0
0 0 0 0 3 Bit I/P
0 0 1 1 E 1 D1
A 2 D2
0 1 0 2 C 8
B 3 D3
Bit
0 1 1 3
O 4 D4
O/P
1 0 0 4 C D5
D 5
1 0 1 5 D6
6
1 1 0 6 E 7 D7
1 1 1 7
R
wPÎ t wW‡KvWvi ‡KvW I wW‡KvW Boolean Expression:
Code Input Decode Output D0 =𝐀𝐁𝐂
A B C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D1 =𝐀𝐁C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D2 =𝐀B𝐂
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
D3 =𝐀𝐁𝐂
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
D4 =A𝐁𝐂
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
D5 =A𝐁𝐂
D6 =AB𝐂
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
D7 =ABC
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Decoder Logic Circuit t
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

wPÎ t 3 to 8 Line Decoder Truth Table

MVb t GKwU wW‡KvWv‡ii †fZ‡i wKšÍy jwRK †M‡Ui Kw¤^‡bkb
_v‡K| wb‡P cÖwZwU Output Line Gi Boolean Expression
†`qv n‡jv|

তয মোনুদ঳র প্রবত েেো কদরনো,

আল্লো঵ তোর প্রবত েেো কদরননো।
---- ঴঵ী঵ বুখোরী

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 16

37
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

54. Gb‡KvWvi Gi eY©bv `vI|

A_ev, 8 to 3 Line En-Coder Gi eY©bv `vI| A_ev, 4 to 2 Line En-Coder Gi eY©bv `vI|
A_ev, 8 to 3 Line En-Coder Gi Logic Circuit Gi eY©bv `vI|
 mgvavb t
‡h B‡jKUªwb· ev wWwRUvj jwRK mvwK©‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ †Wwmgvj msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Kiv hvq Zv‡K
Gb‡KvWvi e‡j|
GwU Kw¤úDUvi Gb‡KvWvi mgwš^Z eZ©bx hv Avgv‡`i fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii ‡evaMg¨ hvwš¿K fvlvq iæcvšÍi
K‡i| †Kv‡bv Gb‡KvWv‡i 8wU BbcyU ms‡KZ †_‡K 3wU AvDUcyU ms‡KZ cvIqv †M‡j Z‡e AKUvj msL¨v‡K evBbvwi
msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Kiv hvq|
Block Diagram t Truth Table t

Code Input Decode

Q0 E Output
Q1
8 N Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 A B C
Q2 A 3
Q3 C 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bit B Bit
Q4 O 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
I/P Q5 C O/P
D 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Q6
Q7 E 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
R 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
wPÎ t 8 to 3 Line En-Coder Truth Table
Boolean Expression t
En-Decoder Logic Circuit t
A = Q4+Q5+Q6+Q7
B = Q2+Q3+Q6+Q7
C = Q1+Q3+Q5+Q7

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 17

38
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

55. A¨vWvi Kv‡K e‡j ? Ges KZ cÖKvi I wK wK ?

Dt ‡h mvwK©U `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK evBbvwi weU mg~n‡K †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K A¨vWvi e‡j|
 A¨vWvi `yB cÖKvi h_v t
K. Half Adder.
L. Full Adder.

56. Half Adder Gi eY©bv Ki |

A_ev, †gŠwjK †M‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ nvd A¨vWv‡ii ev¯Íevqb Ki|
A_ev, nvd A¨vWv‡ii jwRK mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eb©bv `vI|
 mgvavb t
‡h A¨vWvi mvwK©U `ywU evBbvwi weU GK‡Î †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K nvd A¨vWvi e‡j|
Half Adder Gi Logic Circuit t Half Adder Gi Block Diagram t
A B A B

S=A⨁B
=𝐴𝐵 + 𝐴𝐵
C Half Adder

C = A.B

S
wPÎ t Logic Circuit
Block Diagram

nvd A¨vWv‡ii eb©bv t nvd A¨vWv‡ii mZ¨K mvibx t

Dc‡ii jwRK WvqvMÖv‡g A Ges B n‡jv BbcyU jvBb Ges Input Output
S(Sum) I C(Carry) n‡jv AvDUcyU jvBb| GLv‡b `ywU weU †hvM A B S C
Kivi Rb¨ X-OR ‡MBU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †hvM Kivi ci 0 0 0 0
Carry cvIqvi Rb¨ GKwU AND ‡MBU e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q| 0 1 1 0
A I B BbcyU jvB‡b †Kv‡bv evBbvwi weU cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
X-OR †MB‡Ui AvDUcyU n‡Z †hvMdj S Ges AND †MB‡Ui
AvDUcyU n‡Z Carry(C) cvIqv hvq| Truth Table
57. d¬¨vk †g‡gvwi ev WªvBf ev †cb WªvBf ev †iwR÷vi Kx ?
Dt ‡h mKj †g‡gvwii AwZ `ªæZ gy‡Q †djv hvq Ges msiÿb Kiv hvq Zv‡K †g‡gvwi e‡j|
‡hgb t EEPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 18

39
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

58. Full Adder Gi eY©bv Ki |

A_ev, †gŠwjK †M‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ dzj A¨vWv‡ii ev¯Íevqb Ki|
A_ev, dzj A¨vWv‡ii jwRK mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eb©bv `vI|
 mgvavb t
‡h A¨vWvi mvwK©U wZbwU evBbvwi weU †K GK‡Î †hvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K dzj A¨vWvi e‡j|

Full Adder Gi Logic Circuit t Full Adder Gi Block Diagram t

A B Ci A B
S = A ⨁ B ⨁ Ci
=ABC+A BCi+ABCi+AB Ci

CO Full Adder Ci

Ci = AB+BCi+CiA
S
wPÎ t Block Diagram
wPÎ t Logic Circuit

dzj A¨vWv‡ii eb©bv t dzj A¨vWv‡ii mZ¨K mvibx t

Dc‡ii jwRK WvqvMÖv‡g A, B Ges Ci n‡jv BbcyU Input Output
jvBb Ges S(Sum) I Carry (Cout) n‡jv AvDUcyU jvBb| A B Ci S Cout
GLv‡b wZbwU weU †hvM Kivi Rb¨ X-OR ‡MBU e¨envi Kiv 0 0 0 0 0
n‡q‡Q Ges wZbwU BbcyU †_‡K AND †MBU Acv‡ik‡b 0 0 1 1 0
Sum(S) Ges Carry(C) cvIqv hvq| 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

Truth Table

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 19

40
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

59. Half Adder Gi mvnv‡h¨ Full Adder Gi ev¯ÍevqY eY©bv Ki |

A_ev, †gŠwjK †M‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ nvd-dzj A¨vWv‡ii ev¯Íevqb Ki|
A_ev, nvd - dzj A¨vWv‡ii jwRK mvwK©U A¼b K‡i eb©bv `vI|
 mgvavb t
nvd A¨vWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ GKwU dzj A¨vWvi •Zwii Rb¨ `ywU nvd-A¨vWvi I GKwU Ai †MBU jv‡M|
cÖ_‡g nvd-A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU X I Y†_‡K †hvMdj S1 I C1 K¨vwi cvIqv hvq|
2q nvd A¨vWv‡ii BbcyU †_‡K †hvMdj I K¨vwi cvIqv hvq| wØZxq nvd-A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdjB n‡e dzj
A¨vWv‡ii †hvMdj|
1g I 2q nvd A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi †hvM K‡i cvIqv hv‡e dzj A¨vWv‡ii K¨vwi| cÖ_g nvd-A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
S1= X ⨁ Y Ges C1 = XY|
2q nvd A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î, eøK WvqvMÖvg t
S2 = S2 ⨁ Ci Ges C2 = S1Ci
Ci S2
H/A S
dzj A¨vWv‡ii †ÿ‡Î BbcyU X, Y Ges Ci, S1
AvDUcyU †hvMdj S I K¨vwi C0 n‡j - X
C2
H/A C0
S = X ⨁ Y ⨁ Ci Y C1
= S1 ⨁ Ci
= S2
wPÎ t Block Diagram
Avevi, Logic Circuit t
C0 = 𝑋YCi+X𝑌Ci+ XYCi+XYCi X Y Ci
= Ci (𝑋𝑌 + 𝑋𝑌) + XY(Ci+Ci) S2
= Ci (X ⨁ Y) + XY.1 S1 S
= S1Ci + C1 C2
C0
= C2 + C 1 C1 C1+C2

wPÎ t Logic Circuit

myZivs Full Adder Gi AvDUcyU †hvMdj S= S2 Ges K¨vwi C0 = C2 + C1 |
AZGe, `ywU nvd A¨vWvi I GKwU Ai †MBU e¨envi K‡i GKwU dzj A¨vWvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡jv|
60. Flip-Flip Kv‡K e‡j ?
Dt ‡h jwRK eZ©bx‡Z 1wU gvÎ weU msiÿb K‡i Flip-Flip Zv‡K e‡j|
A_ev,
†h wWwRUvj mvwK©U Gi `ywU Stable State Av‡Q Ges wUªMvwis cvj&m cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zvi Ae¯’v cwieZ©b nq
Ges H mvwK©U‡K wd¬c d¬c e‡j|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 20

41
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

61. ‡iwR÷vi ev wmd&U †iwR÷vi Kv‡K e‡j ?

Dt GKvwaK weU msiÿ‡bi D‡Ïk¨ Flip-Flip Gi mgwó MZ e¨envi‡K †iwR÷vi e‡j|
62. GKwU Serial In Serial Out Shift Register Gi wPÎ mn eY©bv `vI|
A_ev, 4weU †jvW †iwR÷vi eY©bv |
A_ev, D weU wkd&U †iwR÷vi Gi MVb wPÎmn eY©bv `vI|
A_ev, SISO Gi eY©bv Ki wPÎ mn|
 mgvavb t
GB wkdU †iwR÷v‡ii GK cÖvšÍ w`‡q WvUv cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges †kl cÖvšÍ w`‡q †ei nq|

Data D0 Q0 D1 Q1 D2 Q2 D3 Q3
Input Data
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Output
CLR CLR CLR CLR

CLK CLR
wPÎ t wkd&U †iwR÷vi|

aivhvK, 1011 WvUv wkd&U ‡iwR÷v‡ii BbcyU w`‡q XzK‡e Ges AvDUcyU w`‡q †ewi‡q hv‡e| †iwR÷v‡ii wd¬c
d¬c¸‡jv‡K cÖ_g wi‡mU K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Gici Bbcy‡U GKwU GKwU K‡i weU ¯’vcb K‡i K¬K cvj‡mi mvnv‡h¨ wkdU
†iwR÷v‡i ‡XvKv‡Z n‡e|
wb‡Pi Q‡K K¬K cvj&m cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ wd¬c d¬c ¸‡jv Ae¯’vb †`Lv‡bv nj| BbcyU WvUvi weUMy‡jv †iwR÷v‡i
msiwÿZ nIqvi ci BbcyU K¬K cvj‡mi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ AvDUcy‡Ui Q3 w`‡q GKwU GKwU K‡i †iwR÷vi †_‡K evB‡i
P‡j hvq|

Input CL
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Output
Data Bit Pulse
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 2 0 1 0 0 00
1 3 1 0 1 0 000
1 4 1 1 0 1 0000
0 5 0 1 1 0 10000
0 6 0 0 1 1 010000
0 7 0 0 0 1 1010000
0 8 0 0 0 0 1101
wPÎ t wkd&U †iwR÷v‡ii mZ¨K mviwb|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 21

42
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-03 (Numbers & Digital Device)

63. Ring Counter Gi wPÎ mn Kvh©c×wZ eY©bv Ki|

A_ev, Counter Gi MVb wPÎ mn eY©bv Ki|
A_ev, 3 weU wicj KvD›Uv‡ii eY©bv Ki|
A_ev, A¨vwmb‡µvbvm KvD›Uv‡ii Kvh©cÖbvwj wPÎmn †jL|
 mgvavb t
KvD›Uvi (Counter) t
‡h jwRK mvwK©U Gi gv‡a¨‡g cÖhy³ (Apply) cvj&‡mi msL¨v MYbv Kiv hvq Zv‡K KvD›Uvi e‡j|
KvD›Uv‡ii MVb t
me‡P‡q mnR I mij KvD›Uvi n‡jv evBbvwi wicj KvD›Uvi| wicj KvD›Uvi n‡jv A¨vwmb‡µvbvm KvD›Uvi|
A_©¨vr, cÖ‡Z¨KwU wd¬c-d¬c Zvi AvDUcyU Øviv Zvi cv‡ki wd¬c-d¬‡ci wUªMvwis Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨ K‡i|
wicj KvD›Uvi †UvMj wd¬c-d¬c Øviv •Zwi Kiv hvq hv me‡P‡q †UvMj †gvW KvR Ki‡e|
MSB LSB
1 1 1
Q2 T2 Q1 T1 Q0 T0

CLK CLK
CLK

FF2 FF1 FF0

wPÎ t 3 weU wicj KvD›Uvi
Binary
Decimal 000
A B C
0 0 0 0 111 001
1 0 0 1
2 0 1 0
3 0 1 1 110 010
4 1 0 0
5 1 0 1
6 1 1 0 101 011
7 1 1 1 100
cÖwZ cÖwZ `yÕevi cÖwZevi
Pvievi cici cici
cici †UvMj †UvMj K‡i
†UvMj K‡i K‡i
wPÎ t 3 weU evBbvwi KvD›Uv‡ii †÷U WvqvMÖvg|
wPÎ t 3 weU A¨vwmb‡µvbvm Gi mZ¨K mviwb|
Kvh©cÖbvwj t
FF0 wd¬c-d¬‡c K¬K cvj&m w`‡j wd¬c-d¬c †UvMj Ki‡e A_©¨vr wd¬c-d¬cwUi AvDUcyU cÖwZevi 0 †_‡K 1 ev
1 †_‡K 0 n‡e| Q0 †K FF1 Gi K¬‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ mshy³ Kivi Q0 hLb 1 n‡e| ZLb FF1†UvMj Ki‡e| A_©¨vr cÖwZ
`yÕevi AšÍi FF1 †UvMj Ki‡e| Abyiƒcfv‡e Q1 †K FF2 K¬‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³ Kivq Q1 hLb 1 n‡e ZLb FF2
†UvMj Ki‡e| A_©¨vr FF2 cÖwZ Pvievi AšÍi †UvMj Ki‡e|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 22
43
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

1. B›Uvi‡bU Kx ? 8. GK K_vq I‡qe‡cR Kx I I‡qemvBU Kx ?

Dt GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Av‡iKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii Dt B›Uvi‡b‡U cwiågb ev cÖ‡ek Ae¯’vq gwbU‡i Avgiv hv
‡hvMv‡hvM †K †bUIqvK© e‡j| Avi GKwU †bUIqv‡K©i †`L‡Z cvwi Zv n‡”Q I‡qe †cR Ges mswkøó I‡qe
mv‡_ GK ev GKvwaK †bUIqv‡K©i †hvMv‡hvM‡K B›Uvi‡bU †cR¸‡jv‡K hLb GKwU wbw`©ó wVKvbvi Aax‡b eënvi
e‡j| Kiv nq ZLb H wVKvbv‡K ejv nq I‡qemvBU|
2. I‡qe Kx ? 9. ‡nvg‡cR Kv‡K e‡j?
Dt I‡qe n‡jv B›Uvi‡bU eënvi Kivi GKwU c_ ev Dt I‡q‡e cÖ_g XzK‡j †h †cBRwU cÖ`wk©Z nq Zv‡K
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui GKwU A¨vwcø‡Kkb| ‡nvg‡cR e‡j|
3. I‡qe wWRvBb Kx ? 10. I‡qe mvB‡Ui KvVv‡gv KZ ai‡bi ?
Dt GKwU I‡qemv‡Ui evwn¨K †m․›`h© wbgv©b †K․kjB Dt I‡qe mvBU n‡jv KZK¸‡jv I‡qe †c‡Ri mgwó|
n‡”Q I‡qe wWRvBb| I‡qe †cR¸‡jv Kxfv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡e Ges GKwU †c‡Ri
4. I‡qe †Kvb †Kvb cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g MwVZ ? mv‡_ Ab¨ †c‡Ri Kxfv‡e wjsK Kiv n‡e Zvi †jAvDU‡K
Dt wZbwU bZzb cÖhyw³i mgš^‡q I‡qe M‡o D‡V‡Q- ejv nq I‡qemvB‡Ui KvVv‡gv|
cÖ_gt HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) hv I‡qemvB‡Ui KvVv‡gv g~jZ wZb ai‡bi|
Øviv I‡qe‡cR †jLv nq| h_v t K) †nvg‡cR (Home page)|
wØZxqt HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) hvi L) g~j-avivi †cR (Main Section)|
Øviv Web Server Computer Web Transfer ev M) Dc-avivi †cR (Sub Section)|
†cÖi‡bi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| 11. I‡qemvB‡Ui •ewkó¨ Abyhvqx KvVv‡gv KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv
Z…Zxqt Web Browser †h †cÖvMÖvg †WUv wiwmf I Abyev` hvq|
K‡i K¬v‡q›U‡K Zvi djvdj cÖ`k©b K‡i| Dt I‡qemvB‡Ui •ewkó¨ Abyhvqx KvVv‡gv 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv
5. I‡qe‡cR Kx? hvq| h_vt
Dt B›Uvi‡bU Z_v I‡q‡e †h †KD Z_¨ ivL‡Z cv‡i Gme K. nvqviviwKK¨vj ev wUª KvVv‡gv
Z_¨ n‡Z cv‡i †jLv, AwWI, wfwWI, w¯’i wPÎ, (Hierarchical or Tree Structure)
G¨vwb‡gkvb BZ¨vw`| I‡q‡e Gme Z_¨ ivLvi †cBR‡K L.I‡qe wjsK ev †bUIqvK© KvVv‡gv
I‡qe‡cR e‡j| (Web link or Network Structure)
A_ev, B›Uvi‡bU eënviKvix‡ì †`Lvi Dc‡hvMx M. wjwbqvi KvVv‡gv (Linear Structure)
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ mshy³ wewfbœ †`‡ki mvf©v‡i ivLv N. Kw¤^‡bkb ev nvBweªW KvVv‡gv
dvBj‡K I‡qe †cBR e‡j|
(Combination or Hybrid Structure)
6. I‡qe mvf©vi Kx? 12. I‡qe mvBU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ?
Dt I‡qe ‡cBR ev I‡qemvBU †h mvf©v‡i msiwÿZ _v‡K Dt I‡qe mvBU mvavibZ `yB cÖKvi h_vt-
Zv‡K I‡qe mvf©vi e‡j|
(1) ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU
7. I‡qe mvBU Kx ?
(Static Website-w¯’i I‡qemvBU)
Dt GK ev GKvwaK I‡qe ‡cB‡Ri mgš^‡q I‡qe
(2) WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb ev I‡qemvBU ‣Zwi Kiv nq| myZivs, GKB
(Dynamic Website-cÖMwZkxj I‡qemvBU)
†Wv‡gB‡b Aax‡b ci¯úi ms‡hvM‡hvM¨ GKvwaK
I‡qe‡c‡Ri mgwó‡K I‡qemvBU e‡j| G c„w_exi me©‡kÖô wkÿK wb‡Ri evev \
A_ev, GKB †Wv‡gB‡bi Aax‡b I‡qe †c‡Ri mgwó‡K ‡h †Q‡j ‡MvUv QvÎRxeb Zvi evevi mv‡_
I‡qemvBU e‡j| e‡m iv‡Zi Lvevi Lv‡e,
‡m †Kvb w`bB bxwZ †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡e bv \
‡hgb :-www.google.com ,www.msn.com
- ûgvqyb Avn‡g`|
www.yahoo.com, www.facebook.com Etc

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 2

44
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

13. ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU I WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU Kv‡K e‡j? 11. I‡qemvBU _vK‡j ïay †`‡k bq we‡k¦i †h †Kv‡bv cÖvšÍ
Dt ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU t ‡_‡K KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hvq|
†h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui †WUvi gvb I‡qe‡cBR †jvwWs ev 16. ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU I WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU Gi cv_©K¨
Pvjy Kivi ci cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv, Zv‡K ÷¨vwUK wjL|
I‡qemvBU e‡j| ÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU
÷¨vwUK I‡qemvBU ïay HTML & CSS fvlv w`‡qB 1.I‡qemvB‡Ui w_g Ges 1.I‡qemvB‡Ui wWRvBb Ges
I‡qe‡cR •Zwi Kiv hvq| I‡qe‡cB‡Ri K‡›U›U K‡›U›U ivb UvB‡g cwieZ©b nq|
WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBUt wbw`©ó|
‡h mKj I‡qemvB‡Ui †WUvi gvb I‡qe‡cBR †jvwWs ev 2. K‡qKwU gvÎ gvK©Avc 2. WvBbvwgK K‡›U›U •Zwi nIqvi
Pvjy Kivi ci cwieZ©b Kiv nq Zv‡K WvBbvwgK _vKvq `ªæZ ‡jvW nq| Rb¨ †jvW n‡Z †ìx nq|
I‡qemvBU e‡j| 3. KL‡bv †WUv‡eR 3. ‡WUv‡eR Kv‡bw±wfwU eënvi
WvBbvwgK I‡qemvBU •Zwii R‡b¨ HTML & CSS Kv‡bw±wfwU eënvi K‡i|
Gi mv‡_ Script Language †hgb- PHP, ASP.net, K‡i bv|
mysql, ms-sql, js, Bootstrap BZ¨vw` Language Øviv 4. Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk 4. Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg wbivc`|
•Zix Kiv nq| wbivc`|
14. WWW Kx? 5. ‡Kvb msMVb ev 5. ‡hLv‡b ivb UvB‡g Kb‡U›U
Dt WWW Gi c~b©iƒc World Wide Web | B›Uvi‡bU cÖwZôv‡bi Z_¨ cÖ`k©b cwieZ©b nq ‡hgb- B-Kgvm©,
eënviKvix‡ì gva¨‡g c„w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b ‡h Kw¤úDUvi K‡i| AbjvBb G·vg BZ¨vw`
¸‡jv‡Z Z_¨fvÛvi i‡q‡Q Zvi †h †KvbwU‡Z †cu․‡Q †h‡Z I‡qemvB‡U Z_¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i|
cv‡i| 6. mivmwi ivb K‡i| 6. mvfv©‡i Gwcø‡Kkb ivb K‡i
15. I‡qemvBU _vKvi myweav wjL| Ab¨ mvf©vi Ges AvDUcyU I‡qe‡c‡R cÖ`k©b
Dt I‡qemvBU _vKvi myweav mg~n wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv- j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb K‡i| G‡Z mvf©vi j¨vs¸‡q‡Ri
1. ¯^í e¨‡q †Kv‡bv eëmvwqK cÖwZôvb Zv‡ì eëmvq nq bv| cÖ‡qvRb nq
cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ I‡qemvBU cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i| wcÖ›U wgwWqvi 7. mvavibZ HTML & 7. HTML & CSS Gi mv‡_
†P‡q A‡bK Kg Li‡P AvKl©bxq mvBU •Zix Kiv hvq| CSS w`‡q •Zwi Kiv Script Language †hgb- PHP,
2. I‡qemvB‡U cÖKvwkZ Z_¨ †h †KD †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’vb †_‡K hvq| js, my sql, ASP.net, ms sql,
BZ¨vw` Language Øviv •Zix
†h‡Kv‡bv mgq †`L‡Z cv‡i|
Kiv nq|
3. I‡qemvB‡U †jLvi cvkvcvwk Qwe, MÖvwd·, AwWI,
8. ‡W‡fjc Kiv mnR| 8. GwU †W‡fjc, †U÷, eë¯’vcbv
wfwWI Ges G¨vwb‡gkb hy³ Kiv hvq|
Kivi Rb¨ `ÿ †W‡fjcvi
4. I‡qemvBU ZvrÿwbK Z_¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvRb nq|
5. I‡qemvBU ‡_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ WvDb‡jvW Kiv hvq| 9. GwU cwieZ©b Ki‡j 9. GwU Gwcø‡Kkb eënvi
6. N‡i e‡m †_‡K †Kv‡bv welq cÖwkÿY †bIqv hvq| cybivq mvf©‡i K‡i K‡›U›U †cR cwieZ©b Ki‡j
7.†h‡Kv‡bv ‡cÖvWv± ev †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© Avc‡jvW Ki‡Z nq| Avc‡jvW Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
eënviKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K gZvgZ Rvbv hvq|
8. N‡i e‡m evm, †Uªb, †cø‡bi wUwKU KvUv hvq|
9. nmwcUvj ev †nv‡U‡ji mvB‡U Xz‡K iæg eywKs †Ìqv “ ঴ময় বেশল ঱াগল঱঑ ধৈযয ঴঵কালর কাজ কর,
hvq| তা঵ল঱ই প্রশতষ্ঠা পালে॥ ”
10. mvgvwRK wewfbœ mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g mviv we‡k¦i gvby‡li
--- ডশিউ এ঴ ঱যালের।
mv‡_ gZwewbgq Kiv hvq Ges eÜzZ¡ Kiv hvq|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 3

45
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

17. ‡Wv‡gBb Kx ? ev †bUIqvK© Kivi Rb¨ †h wVKvbv e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K

Dt ‡Wv‡gBb n‡”Q B›Uvi‡b‡Ui mv‡_ mshyw³i (Network IP Address e‡j|
Server) Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó (Unique) bvg| B›Uvi‡b‡Ui 21. IP Address KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
mv‡_ mshyw³i Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii wbw`©ó ev Unique IP IP Address `yB cÖKvi h_vt K) IP4 L) IP6
Address Gi cÖ‡qvRb | GB AvBwc A¨v‡Wª‡mi GKwU 𝑁𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝐼𝐷 𝐻𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝐼𝐷
AvjdvwbD‡gwiK (K¨v‡i±vi Ges bv¤^vi m¤^wjZ) bvgB K) IP4 32 we‡Ui GwU‡K
8 𝑏𝑖𝑡 . 8𝑏𝑖𝑡 8 𝑏𝑖𝑡 . 8𝑏𝑖𝑡
n‡”Q †Wv‡gBb| w`‡q cÖKvk K‡i|
18. ‡Wv‡gBb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ? L) IP6 128 we‡Ui GwU‡K 5 fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q -
Dt ‡Wv‡gBb WU(.) wPü w`‡q `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_vt Class-A, Class-B, Class-C, Class-D, Class-E
h_v t K. wbR¯^ bvg| 22. mvP© BwÄb(Search Engine) Kx? K‡qKwU mvP© BwÄb
L. Uc †j‡fj †Wv‡gBb| Gi bvg †jL|
Avevi Uc †j‡fj †Wv‡gBb `yB cÖKvi Dt mvP© BwÄb GK ai‡bi mdUIq¨vi ev I‡qemvBU| GwU
h_v t K. †R‡bwiK †Wv‡gBb (Generic Domain)| Ggb GKwU Uzj ev mg¯Í B›Uvi‡bU we¯Í…Z I‡qe
mvBU¸‡jv‡K Avq‡Ëi g‡a¨ iv‡L| K¬v‡q‡›Ui Pvwn`v gZ Zv
L. Kvw›Uª †KvW †Wv‡gBb (Country Domain)| Ly‡R ‡ei Ki‡Z mvnv‡h¨ K‡i| eûjfv‡e eëüZ n‡”Q
K. ‡R‡bwiK †Wv‡gB‡bi cÖPwjZ 7wU †Wv‡gBb n‡jv- Ggb RbwcÖq K‡qKwU mvP© BwÄb Gi bvg mg~n-
.com = Commercial Organization www.google.com,www.yahoo.com,
.gov = Government Institution www.amazon.com,www.bing.com,www.ask.co
.mil = US Armed Forces m, www.pipilika.com, www.altavista.com, Etc
.net = Network and internet Organization 23. ‡nvw÷s Kx ?
.edu = Education Institution Dt B›Uvi‡b‡U I‡q‡ei dvBj¸‡jv †Kv‡bv mvf©v‡i ivLv‡K
.int = International Organization †nvw÷s e‡j| †nvw÷s n‡”Q g~jZ AbjvB‡b I‡qemvBU
Avc‡jvW Kivi mvf©vi ev Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©wW‡¯‥i RvqMv|
.org = Non Profit Organization
24. ‡nvw÷s I †Wv‡gB‡bi cv_©K¨ wjL|
.tv = Television & Media.
Dt ‡nvw÷s I †Wv‡gB‡bi cv_©K¨ wb‡P ‡Ìqv nj|
L. Kvw›Uª †KvW †Wv‡gB‡b cÖPwjZ mswÿß bvg mg~n- ‡nvw÷s ‡Wv‡gBb
bd = evsjv‡`k in = BwÛqv pk = cvwK¯Ívb 1.I‡qemvBU ev 1. AvBwc A¨v‡Wª‡mi
eg = gv‡jwkqv cn = Pxb us = hy³ivóª
I‡qe‡cR‡K wbw`©ó GKwU Alpharbatic dvi‡gU‡K
I‡qe mvf©‡i Upload †Wv‡gBb e‡j|
tr = ZzwK© jp = Rvcvb bt = fzUvb Kiv‡K †nvw÷s e‡j|
19. ‡Wv‡gBb †bg wKb‡Z nq †Kb? 2. ‡nvw÷s Gi †ÿ‡Î 2. †Wv‡gBb Gi †ÿ‡Î
Dt cÖ‡Z¨KwU †Wv‡gBb †bg‡K DNS (Domain Name †g‡gvwi †¯úm, e¨vÛDBW_, wba©vwiZ bvg, Ges Kvw›Uª
System) hw` GKwU †Wv‡gBb †bg †iwRw÷ª Kiv nq wbivcËv, AvcUvBg BZ¨vw` †Wv‡gBb BZ¨vw` welq
A_¨©vr †Kbv nq Z‡e GwU mviv wek¦ n‡Z GKwU BDwbK wel‡q jÿ¨ ivL‡Z nq| jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
AvB‡Ww›UwU (Unique Identity) cv‡e| A_©¨vr, GKB 3.GKwU I‡qe mvf©v‡i 3. GKB bvg GKvwaK
bvg Avi †KD wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| GKvwaK †nvw÷s Kiv hvq| †Wv‡gBb _vK‡Z cv‡i bv|
20. IP Address (AvBwc A¨v‡Wªm) Kx? 25. Web Portal Kx?
Dt IP c~b©iæc n‡”Q Internet Protocol Address | Dt I‡qe †cvU©j n‡”Q GKwU I‡qemvB‡Ui g‡a¨ wewfbœ
GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ Ab¨ GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii ms‡hvM wjsK, K‡›U›U I mvwf©m ev †mevi msMÖn hv
eënviKvix‡ì‡K Z_¨ Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ mnR‡eva¨ fv‡e
Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 4
46
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

26. URL Kx ? 32. HTML Gi avibv me©cÖ_g †K †`b?

Dt URL Gi c~b©iæc Universal/Uniform Resource Dt 1989 mv‡j †R‡bfvi mvb© CNER G KvR Kivi mgq
Locator| †Kv‡bv I‡qe †cR‡K cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z I‡qe cÖ_g I‡qe †cR ‣Zwi K‡ib wUg evb©vm-wj (Tim
eªvDRv‡i wVKvbv wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡Z nq| URL n‡jv Berners-Lee) Ges 6 AvMó 1991 mvj †_‡K AbjvBb
I‡qemvB‡Ui GKK (Unique) wVKvbv| I‡qe †cR ivLv ïiæ nq| 1996 mv‡ji wW‡m¤î gv‡m
27. URL Kx Kx _v‡K ? W3C KZ…K © CSS Pvjy nq| G hver Gi K‡qKwU fvm©b
Dt K) I‡qe cÖ‡UvKj (Web Protocol)| †ei n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b me©‡kl fvm©b n‡jv HTML5 |
L) I‡qe mvf©v‡ii bvg 33. HTML Kx?
(Web Server Name/Domain Name )| Dt HTML Gi c~b©iæc Hyper Text Markup
Language, GwU ‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs½y‡qR bq| GwU
M)mvf©v‡ii wW‡i±wi/‡dvìvi bvg Mark Up Language GK †mU Mark Up U¨v‡Mi
(Server Directory/Folder Name) mgš^‡q MwVZ nq I‡qe‡cR| GKUv I‡qe †c‡Ri wewfbœ
N) html dvBj bvg (Html File Name) Ask eªvDRv‡ii gva¨‡g wKfv‡e cÖ`wk©Z n‡e, Zv HTML
G Mark Up U¨vM mg~n eënvi K‡i cÖKvk Kiv nq|
W.Protocol | Server/Domain Name | Ser. Dire | F. Extension
34. Tag Kx ?
Dt Tag k‡ãi AvwfavwbK A_© nj Ry‡o †`qv| U¨vM¸‡jv
http:// www.ictd.com / result/ ict.html
n‡jv KxIqvW©, †h¸‡jv Dfq cv‡k A¨v‡½j < > ev < />
28. I‡qe cÖ‡UvKj Kv‡K e‡j? wPü Ges Gi gv‡S †jLv GKwU Keyword †K GK‡Î U¨vM
ejv nq|
Dt http (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) cÖ‡UvKj
n‡jv Z_¨ wewbg‡qi †hvMv‡hvM wbqg hv I‡qe eªvDRvi‡K ‡hgbt <html> Ges </html>| <body> nj Body ïiæ
I‡qe mvf©v‡ii mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM Kivi AbygwZ †`q| U¨vM Ges </body> nj Body †kl U¨vM|
mvavibZ cÖvq me I‡qe A¨v‡WªmB ïiæ nq http:// w`‡q| 35. Tag KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx ?
ZvB I‡qe A¨v‡Wª‡m G Ask ‡jLv nq bv| WWW w`‡q Dt HTML-G g~jZ `~Õai‡bi U¨vM eëüZ nq|
ïiæ nq| h_vt- K) G¤úwU U¨vM (Empty Tag)|
29. I‡qe mvf©vi (Web Server) Kx? L) Kb‡UBbvi U¨vM (Container Tag)|
Dt ‡Kv‡bv I‡qe mvBU‡K †hLv‡b ‡nv÷ Kiv nq Zv‡K K) G¤úwU U¨vM t †h mg¯Í U¨v‡Mi I‡cwbs ev ïiæ U¨vM
I‡qe mvf©vi e‡j| Av‡Q wKšÍy †K¬vwRs ev †kl U¨vM †bB Zv‡K duvKv ev G¤úwU
30. I‡qe eªvDRvi (Web Browser) Kx A_ev eªvDRv‡ii U¨vM e‡j|
KvR Kx? ‡hgbt <br>, <hr>, <img>, <link>, <meta> Etc
Dt eënviKvix Zvi Kw¤úDUv‡i I‡qemvBU †`Lvi Rb¨ †h L) Kb‡UBbvi t †h mg¯Í U¨v‡Mi I‡cwbs ev ïiæ U¨v‡Mi
†cÖvMÖvgwU eënvi K‡i †mwU n‡”Q eªvDRvi| eªvDRvi g~jZ welqe¯Íy I †K¬vwRs ev †kl U¨vM _v‡K Zv‡K Kb‡UBbvi ev
mvf©vi n‡Z Z_¨ wb‡q eënviKvixi mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i| aviK U¨vM e‡j|
* me©cÖ_g gvK© A¨v‡Ûª‡mb I GwiK webv 1993 mv‡j ‡hgbt <html>……</html>, <p>……</p> Etc
†gvRvBK eªvDRvi •Zwi K‡ib|
31. K‡qKwU I‡qe eªvDRv‡ii bvg †jL|
Dt RbwcÖq wKQz I‡qe eªvDRvi n‡jv - ℵ iv‡Z N›Uv Lv‡bK Ávb PP©v Kiv mviv ivZ †R‡M
Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Safari,
(Bev`‡Z wbiZ) _vKvi †P‡q DËg | [`vigx]
Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Uc
Browser. ----- nqiZ †gvnv¤§` (mvt)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 5

47
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

36. HTML Gi ‡gBb ÷ªvKPvi †jL ? 39. ‡fjy¨ (Value) Kv‡K e‡j?
Dt <html> Dt †Kv‡bv wKQzi gvb‡K †fjy¨ e‡j|
<head> Exp: GLv‡b ‡fjy¨ (Value) evU‡b Avgiv hv wjLe ZvB
<title> Structure </title> †`Lv‡e|
</head> < input type= "submit" name= "submit"
<body> value="Button">
…
… 40. U¨vM¸‡jvi ZvwjKv |
</body> Dt HTML Gi me‡P‡q ¸iZ¡c~b© nj U¨vM ¸‡jv Rvbv U¨vM
</html> Rvbv bv _vK‡j HTML ‡cR •Zwi Kiv Am¤¢e ZvB
Exp: Avgv‡`i hZUzKz m¤¢e U¨vM¸‡jv gyL¯Í K‡i ‡be| wb‡P
U¨v‡Mi ZvwjKv †`qv nj|

Starting Ending
Tag Tag eb©bv
<html> </html> cÖavb WzKz‡g›U
<body> </body> WKz‡g‡›Ui wØZxq cvV
<title> </title> WKz‡g‡›Ui bvg †`Iqvi Rb¨
<p> </p> ‡civMÖvd †jLvi gZ †`L‡e
37. A¨vwUªweDU Kx? <b> </b> ‡jLv ¸‡jv †gvUv Aÿ‡ii
Dt ‡h †Kv‡bv U¨v‡Mi wfZ‡i bZzb wKQz †hvM Kiv‡K Rb¨
A¨vwUªweDU e‡j| <u> </u> ‡jLv ¸‡jv Aÿ‡ii wb‡P
A_ev, U¨v‡Mi wb‡`©kbv‡K mywbw`©ófv‡e wba©vib K‡i AvÛvi jvBb Gi Rb¨
A¨vwUªweDU| <i> </i> ‡jLv ¸‡jv BUvwj Kiv
Exp: Attribute <h1> <h1> ‡nwWs U¨vM †gvU 6Uv
<h1 style="color:red;"> to to
HTML Attribute <h6> </h6>
</h1> <big> </big> ‡jLv‡K †gvUv Kivi Rb¨
<small> </small> ‡jLv‡K †QvU Kivi Rb¨
38. A¨vwUªweD‡Ui (Attribute) KqwU Ask ?
<strong> </strong ‡jLv‡K †gvUv Kivi Rb¨
Dt A¨vwUªweD‡Ui `ywU Ask
<ol> </ol> Ab AWv©W wj‡÷i Rb¨
h_v t K) Attribute Name Avb AWv©W wj‡÷i Rb¨
<ul> </ul>
L) Attribute Value <li> </li> wj÷ •Zwii †ÿ‡Î
Exp: Attribute Name || Attribute Value <em> </em> BUvwjK Kiv
<h1 style= "color:red;"> ‡Uwej ‣Zwii †ÿ‡Î
<table> </table>
HTML Attribute
<th> </th> ‡Uwej ‡WUv wba©vi‡bi Rb¨
</h1>
<td> </td> ‡Uwej ‡WUv wba©vi‡bi Rb¨
<tr> </tr> ‡Uwe‡ji ‡iv wba©vi‡bi Rb¨
<center> </center> ‡jLv ¸‡jv‡K †m›Uvi Kiv
<pre> </pre> wcÖdi‡g‡UW †U·U wba©vi‡b

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 6

48
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

<sub> </sub> H2 GLv‡b 2 Gi KvR n‡”Q I‡qemvBU cvewjwks Gi avcmg~nt

2
<sup> </sup> a GLv‡b 2 Gi KvR n‡”Q K) I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv|
<form> </form> dig ‣Zwii †ÿ‡Î L) ‡Wv‡gBb bvg †iwR‡÷ªkb Kiv|
<address> </address> A¨v‡Wªm Gi Rb¨ M) †nvw÷s Kiv I I‡qemvBU Avc‡jvW Kiv|
<del> </del> ‡jLv¸‡jvi gvS eivei KvUv N) SEO Kiv |
<br> jvBb †eªK Kivi Rb¨ 45. HTML Code wj‡L ‡c‡R ICT Coaching Center
<hr> niv‡R›Uvj `vM †`qvi Rb¨ cÖ`k©b Ki|
< a href=”URL”> URL ‡h †Kv‡bv wjsK hy³ Kivi Dt avc 1 t Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU
Name</a> Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvq| mdUIq¨v‡i G ‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL|
<img src=”Pic name”> ‡h †Kv‡bv Qwe hy³ Kivi <html>
Rb¨ eënvi Kiv hvq| <head>
<input> BbcyU ‡KvW wjL‡Z <title>ICT</title>
<style> wewfbœ iæc wba©vi‡bi Rb¨ </head>
<font …=”…” > d›U ÷vBj wba©vib Kiv <body>
<caption> </caption> ‡jLvi MVb wba©vi‡bi Rb¨ ICT Coaching Center
<marquee> </marquee> ‡jLv ¸‡jv‡K ¯øvBW Kiv </body>
 K‡g›U †jLvi Rb¨ </html>
<div> </div> ‡cR‡K fvM Kiv avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi ict.html
G QvovI AviI A‡bK U¨vM i‡q‡Q wKšÍy ‡h UzKz cÖ‡qvRb ZZUzKz avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j
†`qv nj| Dc‡ii wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
46. Heading Tag eënvi K‡i ‡cR •Zwi Ki|
41. nvBcviwjsK Kx?
Dt avc 1 t Notepad G †cÖvMÖvgwU wjwL|
Dt †Kv‡bv I‡qe ‡cR Gi wfZ‡i †jLv, Qwe, AwWI,
<html>
wfwWI, WKz‡g›U Ab¨ I‡qe †cR ev I‡qe mvB‡Ui mv‡_
ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Kiv‡K nvBcviwjsK e‡j| <head>
<title>ICT</title>
42. nvBcviwjsK KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
</head>
Dt nvBcviwjsK 2 cÖKvi h_vt
<body>
h_v t K) B›Uvibvj|
L) G·Uvibvj| <h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
43. nvBcviwjs‡Ki myweav ‡jL|
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
Dt nvBcviwjs‡Ki myweav mg~n wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
 AwZ`ªæZ †h‡Kv‡bv I‡qemvBU ev I‡qe †cR †`Lv hvq| <h5>Heading 5</h5>
 wfwR‡Ui mgq ev‡P| <h6>Heading 6</h6>
 `ªæZ GK †cR ev WKz‡g›U n‡Z Ab¨ †cR ev WKz‡g‡›U </body>
hvIqv hvq| </html> Output
44. I‡qemvBU cvewjk wK Ges Gi avc mg~n †jL|
avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi ict.html
Dt I‡qemvBU •Zwi Kiv GKwU m„wókxj KvR| †cÖvMÖvgvi
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j Dc‡ii
KZ„©K I‡qemvBU •Zwii ci wfwRUi‡ì Kv‡Q my›ì,
wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
AvKl©bxq, A_©en I mn‡R †`Lvi eë¯’v Kivi Rb¨ GUv‡K
mvfv©‡i †nv÷ Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K I‡qemvBU cvewjwks e‡j|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 7
49
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

47. wewfbœ Tag e¨envi K‡i cÖ`k©b Ki ‡cR •Zwi Ki| avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi ict.html
Dt avc 1 t Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j cv‡ki
mdUIq¨v‡i G ‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL| wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
<html> 48. Ordered List, Unordered List e¨envi K‡i ‡cR
<head> •Zwi Ki|
<title>ICT</title> Dt avc 1 t Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU
</head> mdUIq¨v‡i G ‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL|
<body> <html>
<head>
<p>ICT Coaching Center</p>
<title>ICT</title>
<p>This is a Paragraph Tag</p> </head>
<p><small>This is a Small Tag</small></p> <body>
<p><big>This is a Big Tag</big></p> <h4>Number list:</h4>
<p><b>This is a Bold Tag</b></p> <ol>
<li>ICT Book</li>
<p><strong>This is a Strong Tag</strong></p>
<li>Physics Book</li>
<p><u>This is a Underline Tag</u></p> <li>Math Book</li>
<p><i>This is a Italic Tag</i></p> </ol>
<p><em>This is a Emphasized Tag</em></p> <h4>Letters List:</h4>
<p><del>This is a Deleted Tag</del></p> <ol type="A">
<li>ICT Book</li>
<p>This is<sub>Subscript</sub>Tag</p> <li>Physics Book</li>
<p>This is<sup>SuperScript</sup>Tag</p> <li>Math Book</li>
<pre> </ol>
 <h4>Lowercase Letter list:</h4>
<ol type="a">
This a Programing Output
<li>ICT Book</li>
s=0; <li>Physics Book</li>
For ( i=i+1; i<=N; i++) <li>Math Book</li>
printf("%d",s) </ol>
</pre> <h4>Roman Number list:</h4>
<ol type="I">
</body> <li>ICT Book</li>
</html> <li>Physics Book</li>
<li>Math Book</li>
</ol>
<h4>Lowercase Roman Number list:</h4>
<ol type="i">
<li>ICT Book</li>
Output>>> <li>Physics Book</li>
<li>Math Book</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>
avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi ict.html
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j Dc‡ii
wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 8
50
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

49. HTML page Image Show Ki| 50. GKwU ‡Uwej ‣Zwi Ki|
Dt avc 1 t Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU First Row
mdUIq¨v‡i G ‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL|
Second Row
<html>
<head> Dt avc 1 t Notepad G †cÖvMÖvgwU wjwL|
<title>Image </title>
<html>
</head>
<head>
<body>
<title>Table</title>
<p> An Image Penguins :
</head>
<img src="Penguins.jpg" width="130"
<body>
height="70">
<table border="1">
</p>
<tr>
<p>
<td>First</td>
An Image ICT LOGO :
<td>Row</td>
<img src="logo.png" width="90" height="80">
</tr>
</p>
<tr>
</body>
<td>Second</td>
</html>
<td>Row</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Output

avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi table.html

Output
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j Dc‡ii
avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi image.html wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j Dc‡ii
wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|

wkÿv n‡”Q me‡P‡q kw³kvjx A¯¿,

hvi g‡a¨ w`‡q c„w_ex‡K e`‡j †djv hvq|
--- †bjmb g¨v‡Ûjvi

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 9

51
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

51. ‡Uwej ‣Zwi Ki| 52. ‡Uwej ‣Zwi Ki|

ICT Coaching Student List ICT Coaching Center
SI.NO Name Section Roll Student List Others Subject GPA
01 Rasel A 101 Pass Fail Ban Eng ICT
2016
02 Rabbi A 102 93% 7% A+ A+ A+
65% 35% B A- A+
Dt avc 1 t Notepad G †cÖvMÖvgwU wjwL| 2015
70% 30% A- F A
<html> 2014 60% 40% A A A-
<head>
Dt avc 1 t Notepad G †cÖvMÖvgwU wjwL|
<title>Table</title>
<html>
</head> <head>
<body> <title>Table</title>
<table border="1"> </head>
<body>
<caption>
<table border="1">
ICT Coaching Student List <tr>
</caption> <td colspan="6">
<Center> ICT Coaching Center </center>
<tr>
</td>
<td>SI.NO</td> </tr>
<td>Name</td> <tr>
<td colspan="3">
<td>Section</td>
<Center> Student List </center>
<td>Roll</td> </td>
</tr> <td colspan="3">
<Center> Others Subject GPA </center>
<tr>
</td>
<td>01</td> </tr>
<td>Rasel</td> <tr>
<td rowspan="2">2016</td>
<td>A</td>
<td>Pass</td>
<td>101</td> <td>Fail</td>
</tr> <td>Ban</td>
<td>Eng</td>
<tr>
<td>ICT</td>
<td>02</td> </tr>
<td>Rabbi</td> <tr>
<td>A</td> <td>93%</td>
<td>7%</td>
<td>102</td> <td>A+</td>
</tr> <td>A+</td>
</table> <td>A+</td>
</tr>
</body>
</html> Output <tr>
<td rowspan="2">2015</td>
avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi table.html <td>65%</td>
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j Dc‡ii <td>35%</td>
wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev| <td>B</td>

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10

52
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

<td>A-</td> <tr>
<td>A+</td> <td colspan="4">ICTK School & college </td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td>70%</td>
<td>30%</td> <td>Name</td>
<td>A-</td> <td>Class</td>
<td>F</td> <td>Roll</td>
<td>A</td> <td>Image</td>
</tr> </tr>
<tr> <tr>
<td rowspan="2">2014</td>
<td>60%</td> <td>Jon</td>
<td>40%</td> <td>II</td>
<td>A</td> <td>10</td>
<td>A</td> <td> Output
<td>A-</td> <img src="Jon.jpg" width="40" height="25">
</tr> </td>
</table>
</tr>
</body>
</html>
<tr>
<td>Julia</td>
<td>II</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>
Output <img src="Julia.jpg" width="40" height="25">
</td>
</tr>
</table>

avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi table.html 
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j <p>
Dc‡ii wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev| <a href="http://www.google.com">
Google
53. Link,Pic,Table Gi gva¨‡g I‡qe‡cR ‣Zwi Ki| </a>
Dt avc 1 t <a href="http://www.facebook.com">
Facebook
1. cÖ_‡g GKwU †dvìvi •Zwi K‡i Avgiv Notepad open
</a>
Kwi Ges wKQz msL¨vK Qwe †mB ‡dvìv‡ii ivwL| <a href="http://www.msn.com">
Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU mdUIq¨v‡i G MSN
‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL| </a>
<html> </p>
<head> </body>
<title>Document</title> </html>
</head> avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi Document.html
<body>
<h6>
avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j wP‡Îi
WelCome To ICTK School & College gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
</h6>
<table border="1">
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 11
53
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

54. Admission Page <input type="file" name="img">

Dt avc 1t cÖ_‡g GKwU †dvìvi •Zwi K‡i Avgiv Note- <br><br>
Pad open Kwi| User Name:
<input type="text">
Notepad A_ev Ab¨ ‡h ‡Kv‡bv GwWU mdUIq¨v‡i G <br><br>
‡KvW¸‡jv wjwL| Password :
<html> <input type="password" value="password">
<head> <br><br>
<title> Admission Page </title> <input type="Submit" value="Save">
</head> </form>
<body> </fieldset>
<h2> </body>
<i> </html>
<center>ICT Coaching Center<br> avc 2 t Gevi dvBjwU †mf Kwi Admission.html
<small>Khalishpur,Khulna<br> avc 3 t Gevi I‡qe eªvDRv‡i dvBjwU Lywj Zvn‡j wb‡Pi
01937-230066, 01674-075600 wP‡Îi gZ djvdj †`L‡Z cv‡ev|
</small>
</center>
</i>
</h2>
<fieldset>
<h3>Admission Form</h3>
<form>
First Name:
<input type="text">
<br><br>
Last Name:
<input type="text">
<br><br>
Class :
<select>
<option>XI</option>
<option>XII</option>
</select>
<br><br>
ROLL:
<input type="number">
<br><br>
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender" >Male

<input type="radio" name="gender" >Female Output

<br><br>
Category: GKwU eB GKkwU eÜzi mgvb,
<input type="checkbox">ICT
<input type="checkbox">Math
wKšÍy GKRb fv‡jv eÜz GKwU jvB‡eªwii mgvb|
<br><br> --- G wc †R Avãyj Kvjvg
Upload Your Photo:

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 12

54
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-04 (Web Design - HTML)

পবে ব঵া०চট বেলয় উলে দাোলনালক জীেন েল঱।ঠিক বতমশন একজলনর শজেনী। েযাপারটা শে঱ ঴শতযই দারুণ ঴ুন্দর , ঐশত঵াশ঴ক, শেজ্ঞালনর ৈরালো०য়ার োইলরর
শতশন শনলজই স্ট্যানল ালডযর শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় তা०র জীেনী েল঱ন । একটা আটয। আশম এর মলৈয মজা েু०লজ বপ঱াম।
এ কযাশ঱িাশ শজশন঴টা বকালনা শদন োস্তেজীেলন আমার কালজ
শস্ট্ভ জে঴ আ঴লে—এটা কেলনা ভাশেশন।
--- প্রথলমই একটা ঴তয কথা েল঱ শনই। আশম কেলনাই শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় পা঴ শকন্তু ১০ েের পর আমরা যেন আমালদর প্রথম মযাশকলিা঴
কশরশন। তাই ঴মােতয ন শজশন঴টালত঑ আমার কেলনা বকালনা শদন উপশিত কশম্পউটার শডজাইন কশর , তেন এর পুলরা েযাপারটাই আমার কালজ ঱াগ঱।
঵঑য়ার প্রলয়াজন পলেশন।এর বচলয় েে ঴তয কথা ঵ল঱া , আজলকই বকালনা ঑টাই শে঱ প্রথম কশম্পউটার, বযটায় চমত্কার টাইলপািাশ র েযে঵ার শে঱।
শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয়র ঴মােতয ন অনুষ্ঠান ঴েলচলয় কালে বথলক বদেশে আশম। তাই আশম যশদ ব঴ই কযাশ঱িাশ বকা঴যটা না শনতাম , তা঵ল঱ মযাক কশম্পউটালর
শেলশ্বর অনযতম ব঴রা শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয়র এই ঴মােতয ন অনুষ্ঠালন উপশিত থাকলত কেলনা নানা রকম অক্ষ্র এে१ আনুপাশতক দূরলত্বর অক্ষ্র )টাইপল ই঴(
বপলর শনলজলক অতযন্ত ঴ম্মাশনত বোৈ করশে। বকালনা কথার ু ঱ঝু শর নয় থাকত না। আর বযল঵তু উইলোজ মযালকর এই ি ঴রা঴শর নক঱ কলরলে ,
আজ, বে শতনটা গল্প ে঱ে আশম বতামালদর। এর োইলর শকেু নয়। তাই ে঱া যায় , বকালনা কশম্পউটালরই এ ৈরলনর ি থাকত না।
আশম যশদ শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় না োেতাম , তা঵ল঱ আশম কেলনাই ঑ই কযাশ঱িাশ
আমার প্রথম গল্পটি শকেু শেশিন্ন শেন্দুলক এক ঴ুতায় বে०লৈ ব ঱ার
বকাল঴য ভশতয ঵তাম না এে१ কশম্পউটালর ঵য়লতা কেলনা এত ঴ুন্দর ি
গল্প। ভশতয ঵঑য়ার েয় মাল঴র মাথালতই শরড কল঱লজ পোল঱োয় ক্ষ্যান্ত শদই
থাকত না। অেলয শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয় থাকা অেিায় এ঴ে শেশিন্ন ঘটনালক এক
আশম। যশদ঑ এর পর঑ ব঴োলন আশম প্রায় বদে েের শে঱াম , শকন্তু ব঴টালক
পোল঱ো শনলয় থাকা েল঱ না। আিা, বকন আশম শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় োে঱াম? ঴ুতায় ো०ৈা অ঴ম্ভে শে঱ ,শকন্তু ১০ েের পর বপেলন তাকাল঱
এটা শে঱ েুেই পশরষ্কার একটা শে঳য়।
এর শুরু আ঴ল঱ আমার জলন্঩র঑ আলগ। আমার আ঴঱ মা শেল঱ন
আোর তু শম কেলনাই ভশে঳যলতর শদলক তাশকলয় শেশিন্ন
একজন অশেোশ঵ত তরুণী। শতশন তেন শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয় পেলেন। আমার ভরণ-
ঘটনাগুল঱ালক এক ঴ুতায় ো०ৈলত পারলে না। এটা বকে঱ বপেলন তাশকলয়ই
বপা঳লণর দাশয়ত্ব বন঑য়া তা०রপলক্ষ্ ঴ম্ভে নয়। শতশন শ঴দ্ধান্ত শনলয়শেল঱ন ,
঴ম্ভে। অতএে , বতামালক শেশ্বা঴ করলতই ঵লে , শেশিন্ন ঘটনাগুল঱া এক঴ময়
আমালক এমন কার঑ কালে দত্তক বদলেন, যা०লদর শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয়র শডশি আলে।
ভশে঳যলত শগলয় একটা অথযে঵ শজশনল঴ পশরণত ঵লেই। বতামার ভাগয , জীেন,
কময, শকেু না শকেু একটার ঑পর বতামালক শেশ্বা঴ রােলতই ঵লে। এটা
শ঴দ্ধান্ত ঵ল঱া এক আইনজীেী ঑ তা०র স্ত্রী আমালক দত্তক বনলেন।
কেলনাই আমালক েযথয কলরশন, ের१ উলটাটা কলরলে।
শকন্তু একদম বল঳ মু঵ূলতয বদো বগ঱ , ঑ই দম্পশতর কালরারই শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয়র
শডশি বনই , শেলল঳ কলর আইনজীেী ভদ্রল঱াক কেলনা ঵াইস্কু ল঱র গশিই আমার শিতীয় গল্পটি ভাল঱াো঴া আর ঵ারালনার গল্প।
বপলরালত পালরনশন। আমার মা বতা আর কাগজপলে ঴ই করলত রাশজ ঵ন না।
অলনক ঘটনার পর ঑ই দম্পশত প্রশতজ্ঞা করল঱ন , তা०রা আমালক অেলযই আশম েুে ভাগযোন শে঱াম। কারণ , জীেলনর শুরুলতই আশম যা
শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয় পোলেন, তেন মালয়র মন একটু গ঱঱। শতশন কাগলজ ঴ই কলর করলত ভাল঱াোশ঴ , তা েু०লজ বপলয়শে঱াম। আমার েয়঴ যেন ২০ , তেন
আমালক তা०লদর ঵ালত তু ল঱ শদল঱ন। আশম আর ঑জ দুজলন শমল঱ আমালদর োশের গযালরলজ অযাপ঱ বকাম্পাশন শুরু
কলরশে঱াম।
এর ১৭ েের পলরর ঘটনা। তা०রা আমালক ঴শতযই শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয় আমরা পশরশ্রম কলরশে঱াম াটা াটি , তাই বতা দুজলনর ব঴ই
ভশতয কশরলয়শেল঱ন। শকন্তু আশম বোকার মলতা বেলে শনলয়শে঱াম এমন এক বকাম্পাশন ১০ েেলরর মাথায় চার ঵াজার কমযচারীর দুই শেশ঱য়ন ড঱ালরর
শেশ্বশেদযা঱য়, যার পোল঱োর েরচ প্রায় বতামালদর এই স্ট্যানল ালডযর ঴মান। বকাম্পাশনলত পশরণত ঵য়।
আমার দশরদ্র মা োোর ঴ে জমালনা টাকা আমার পোল঱োর-
আমার েয়঴ যেন ৩০ , তেন আমরা আমালদর ব঴রা কশম্পউটার
বপেলন চল঱ যাশি঱। েয় মাল঴র মাথালতই আশম েুঝ঱াম , এর বকালনা মালন
মযাশকলিা঴ োজালর বেলেশে। এর ঠিক এক েের পলরর ঘটনা। আশম অযাপ঱
঵য় না। জীেলন কী করলত চাই , ব঴ েযাপালর আমার বকালনা ৈারণা বনই
বথলক চাকশরচু যত ঵ই।
এে१ শেশ্বশেদযা঱লয়র পোল঱ো এ েযাপালর কীভালে ঴া঵াযয করলে্ ব঴টা঑
েুঝলত পারশে঱াম না। অথচ মা োোর ঴ারা জীেলনর জমালনা ঴ে টাকা এই- বয বকাম্পাশনর মাশ঱ক তু শম শনলজ , ব঴ই বকাম্পাশন বথলক কীভালে
অথয঵ীন পোল঱োর বপেলন আশম েযয় করশে঱াম। বতামার চাকশর চল঱ যায় ? মজার ঵ল঱঑ আমার বক্ষ্লে ব঴টা ঘলটশে঱।
তাই আশম শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় োোর শ঴দ্ধান্ত শন঱াম এে१ মলন ঵ল঱া বয প্রশতষ্ঠান শ঵ল঴লে অযাপ঱ যেন েে ঵লত ঱াগ঱ , তেন বকাম্পাশনটি ভাল঱াভালে
এোর ঴েশকেু ঠিক ঵লয় যালে। শ঴দ্ধান্তটা ভয়াে঵ মলন ঵ল঱঑ এেন আশম চা঱ালনার জনয এমন একজনলক শনলয়াগ শদ঱াম, বয আমার ঴লে কাজ করলে।
যেন বপেন শ লর তাকাই, তেন মলন ঵য়্ এটা আমার জীেলনর অনযতম
এক েের ঠিকোকমলতা কাটল঱঑ এর পর বথলক তার ঴লে আমার
ব঴রা শ঴দ্ধান্ত শে঱। শেশ্বশেদযা঱য় বেলে বদ঑য়ার ঴লে ঴লেই আশম শডশির জনয
মলতর অশম঱ ঵লত শুরু কর঱। প্রশতষ্ঠালনর পশরচা঱না প঳যদ তার পক্ষ্ শনল঱
দরকাশর শকন্তু আমার অপেলন্দর বকা঴যগুল঱া বন঑য়া েন্ধ কলর শদলত পার঱াম ,
আশম অযাপ঱ বথলক েশ঵ষ্কৃত ঵঱াম। এে१ ব঴টা শে঱ েুে ঢাকলঢা঱ শপটিলয়ই।
বকালনা োৈযোৈকতা থাক঱ নাা্ আশম আমার আিল঵র শে঳য়গুল঱া েু०লজ শনলত
বতামরা েুঝলতই পারে, ঘটনাটা আমার জনয বকমন ঵তালার শে঱।
঱াগ঱াম।
আশম ঴ারা জীেন বয শজশন঴টার বপেলন বেলটশে , ব঴টাই আর
পুলরা েযাপারটিলক বকালনাভালেই বরামাশিক ে঱া যালে না। আমার
আমার রই঱ না।
বকালনা রুম শে঱ না , েন্ধু লদর রুলমর বলালর ঘুলমাতাম । েযে঵ূ ত বকালকর বোত঱
঴শতযই এর পলরর কলয়ক মা঴ আশম শদলল঵ারা অেিায় শে঱াম।
ব রত শদলয় আশম পা०চ ব঴ি কলর কামাই করতাম, বযটা শদলয় োোর শকনতাম। আশম বডশভড পযাকাডয ঑ েে নলয়ল঴র ঴লে বদো কলর পুলরা েযাপারটার জনয
প্রশত বরােোর রালত আশম ঴াত মাই঱ ব঵० লট ঵লরকৃ ষ্ণ মশন্দলর বযতাম শুৈু ক্ষ্মা চাই঱াম। আমালক তেন ঴োই শচনত , তাই এই চাপ আশম আর শনলত
একলে঱া ভাল঱া োোর ো঑য়ার জনয। এটা আমার েুেই ভাল঱া ঱াগত। এই পারশে঱াম না।
ভাল঱া ঱াগাটাই শে঱ গুরুত্বপূণয। মলন ঵লতা, ভযাশ঱ বেলে পাশ঱লয় যাই। শকন্তু ব঴ই ঴লে আলরকটা
শরড কল঱লজ ঴ম্ভেত বদলল ব঴রা কযাশ঱িাশ বলোলনা ঵লতা ব঴
শজশন঴ আশম েুঝলত পার঱াম, আশম যা করশে঱াম , ব঴টাই আশম ঴েলচলয়
঴ময়। কযাম্পাল঴ ঴া०টা বপাস্ট্ার঴঵ ঴েশকেু ই করা ঵লতা চমত্কার ঵ালতর ব঱ো
বেশল ভাল঱াোশ঴। চাকশরচু যশতর কারলণ কালজর প্রশত আমার ভাল঱াো঴া এক
শদলয়। আশম বযল঵তু আর স্বাভাশেক পোল঱োর মালঝ শে঱াম না , তাই বয শেন্দু঑ কলমশন।
বকালনা বকা঴যই চাইল঱ শনলত পারতাম। আশম কযাশ঱িাশ বকাল঴য ভশতয ঵লয় তাই আশম আোর এলকোলর বগাো বথলক শুরু করার শ঴দ্ধান্ত শন঱াম।
বগ঱াম। ব঴শর ঑ ঴যান ব঴শরল র শেশভন্ন অক্ষ্লরর মলৈয বে঴ কমালনা -
োোলনা শলে঱াম, ভাল঱া টাইলপািাশ কীভালে করলত ঵য়, ব঴টা শলে঱াম। “ভাগয েল঱ শকেু ই বনই,
প্রলতযলকর বচষ্টা ঑ যলের উপর তা গলে উলে॥” ------------ স্কট।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 13

55
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

1. ‡cÖvMÖvg ev †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx ? 7. ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlvi cÖR‡b¥i mg~n‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv
Dt †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvlvq n‡q‡Q eY©bv `vI|
avivevwnKfv‡e KZ¸‡jv KgvÛv ev wb‡`©‡ki mgwó‡K Dt 1945 mvj ‡_‡K ïiæ K‡i G ch©šÍ K‡qKk †cÖvMÖvwgs
†cÖvMÖvg ev ‡cÖvMÖvwgs ejv nq| fvlv Avwe¯‥…Z n‡q‡Q| G mKj fvlv‡K •ewkó¨ Abyhvqx
2. ‡mvm© dvBj Kx? cuvPwU ¯Íi ev cÖR‡b¥ fvM Kiv hvq|
Dt Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi wjwLZ dvBj‡K †mvm© dvBj h_vt
e‡j|  1st Generation (1945) t Machine Language.
3. ‡cÖvMÖvgvi Kv‡K e‡j?  2nd Generation (1950) t Assembly Language.
Dt †h e¨w³ ‡cÖvMÖvg ‡j‡L Zv‡K †cÖvMÖvgvi e‡j|  3rd Generation (1960) t High Level Language.
A_ev,  4th Generation (1970) t Very High Level Lang.
†h eënviKvixi Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg ‡j‡L Zv‡K †cÖvMÖvgvi e‡j|
 5th Generation (1980-Present) t Natural Lang.
4. ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv Kv‡K e‡j?
8. hvwš¿K(Machine) I A¨v‡m¤^wj(Assembly) fvlvi
Dt ‡cÖvMÖvg iPbvi Rb¨ eëüZ eY©, msL¨v, wPü, ms‡KZ, cv_©K¨|
kã BZ¨vwì mgš^‡q MwVZ wbqgbxwZ‡K †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv|
Dt hvwš¿K I A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv DfqB wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv G‡ì
5. wewfbœ ai‡bi ‡cÖvMÖwgs mdUIq¨v‡ii bvg wjL| cv_©K¨ wb‡P †Ìqv nj|
Dt C, C++, C#(C Sharp), Python, Visual Basic, Machine Language Assembly Language
Java, Oracle, Algal, Fortran, SQL, Oracle.
1. Kw¤úDUvi hš¿ mivmwi 1. †h †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv
6. ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi cÖKvi‡f` ‡jL| †h fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡i †m Numeric Code-Gi cwie‡Z©
Dt ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv 2cÖKvi h_vt fvlvB n‡”Q hvwš¿K fvlv| Numeric Code eënvi Kiv
K) ‣ewkó¨/¯Íi Abyhvqx| nq Zv‡K A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv e‡j|
L) cÖRb¥ Abyhvqx| 2. ‡gwk‡bi fvlvq wjwLZ 2. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ
K) •ewkó¨/¯Íi Abyhvqx L) cÖRb¥ Abyhvqx 5 cÖKvi h_vt †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯Íy ev Object †cÖvMÖvg‡K Drm ev Source
4cÖKvi h_vt 1) 1g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv(1945)| †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| †cÖvMÖvg e‡j|
1) wb¤œ ¯Í‡ii fvlv| 2) 2q cÖR‡b¥i fvlv(1950)| 3. 0 Ges 1 G `ywU Aÿi 3. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi Aÿi Gi
2) ga¨¯Í‡ii fvlv | w`‡q hš¿fvlv †jLv nq| cwie‡Z© ms‡KZ eënvi Kiv
3) 3q cÖR‡b¥i fvlv(1960)|
nq|
3) D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv| 4) 4_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv(1970)|
4. hvwš¿K fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg 4. hvwš¿K fvlvi Zzjbvq
4) ¯^vfvweK/ b¨vPvivj 5) 5g cÖR‡b¥i fvlv(1980)|
†jLv AZ¨šÍ K¬vwšÍKi I A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg †jLv
fvlv|
mgqmv‡cÿ| mnRZi I Kg mgq mv‡cÿ|
5. hš¿ fvlvq wjwLZ 5. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ
†cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev`K †cÖvMÖv‡g A¨v‡m¤^jvi bvgK
†cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Abyev`K †cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖ‡qvRb
nq|

অপনি একনিনির জিয একটা ছাত্রনক একটা পডা

পডানত পানরি; নকন্তু’ যনি তানক অপনি ককৌতু ঵঱ী ঵নত
কলখাি ক঴ যনতানিি বাাঁচনব নলক্ষা চান঱ন়েআ যানব।
–––– কে নপ. কবডন াডড

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 2

56
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

wjL| M) A¨v‡m¤^jvi (Assembler)|
Dt High Level I Low Level Language Gi cv_©K¨ 12. K¤úvBjvi I B›UviwcÖUv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
wb‡P †Ìqv nj|
K¤úvBjvi B›UviwcÖUvi
High Level Language Low Level Language
1. m¤ú~b© †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K GKmv‡_ 1. GK jvBb K‡i c‡o
1. Kw¤úDUvi‡K me©Rb 1. Kw¤úDUvi †h fvlv Abyev` K‡i| Ges Abyev` K‡i|
eënvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zzj‡Z mivmwi eyS‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K
†h fvlv •Zwi nq Zv‡K nvB †gwkb j¨vs¸‡qR ejv nq| 2. wWevwMs I †Uw÷s Gi †ÿ‡Î 2. wWevwMs I †Uw÷s Gi
†j‡fj j¨vs¸‡qR e‡j| axi MwZm¤úbœ| †ÿ‡Î `ªæZ MwZm¤úbœ|
2. D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv †gwkb- 2. GwU †gwk‡bi fvlv weavq 3. me¸‡jv f~j GKmv‡_ cÖ`k©b 3. GK jvBb K‡i fzj
wbf©i bq|ZvB G fvlvq Kw¤úDUvi‡K eySv‡bvi Rb¨ K‡i| cÖ`k©b K‡i Abyev` eÜ
wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg Kw¤úDUvi‡K Abyev‡ì cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| K‡i †`q|
eySv‡bvi Rb¨ †gwk‡bi fvlvq 4. †cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡n Kg mgq 4. †cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡n ‡ewk
Abyev` K‡i w`‡Z nq| jv‡M| mgq jv‡M|
3. †gwk‡bi fvlvi Zzjbvq 3. †gwkb fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg
5. Abyev`K…Z †cÖvMÖvgwU c~b©v½ 5. Abyev`K…Z †cÖvMÖvgwU
D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg iPbv
†jLv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
Kiv mnR| Kómva¨ Ges mgqmv‡cÿ
†gwkb †cÖvMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍwiZ K‡i| c~b©v½ †gwkb †cÖvMÖv‡g
e¨vcvi| iƒcvšÍwiZ nq bv|
4. D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvq wjwLZ 4. †gwk‡bi fvlvq wjwLZ 6. GKevi K¤úvBj A_©¨vr 6. cÖwZevi Kv‡Ri c~‡e©
†cÖvMÖvg‡K Drm ev Source †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯Íy ev Object iƒcvšÍi Kivi ci cybivq cybtiƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖ‡qvRb
†cÖvMÖvg e‡j| †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| K¤úvBj Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| nq|
5. K‡qKwU D”P¯Í‡ii fvlv 5. †gwk‡bi fvlv n‡”Q 7. cÖavb ‡g‡gvwi‡Z †ewk RvqMv 7. cÖavb ‡g‡gvwi‡Z Kg
n‡”Q C++, Basic, Pascal, evBbvwi hv 0 Ges 1 Øviv cÖ‡qvRb| RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb|
Fortran etc MwVZ| 8. K¤úvBjvi ‡cÖvMÖvgwU 8. B›UviwcÖUvi ‡cÖvMÖvgwU
mvavibZ eo n‡q _v‡K| mvavibZ †QvU n‡q
10. A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi mvavibZ KqwU Ask?
_v‡K|
Dt A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi mvavibZ 4wU Ask|
h_vt 13. ‡cÖvMÖvg Dbœq‡bi avcmg~n eY©bv|
K) †j‡ej (Lable) (‡cÖvMÖv‡gi ms‡KwZK wPý)| Dt wm fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg ‡jLv I Kw¤úDUv‡i wbev©n Kivi
L) Ac‡KvW (Opcode) cÖwµqvq 7wU avc Abymib Ki‡Z nq|
(‡cÖvMÖv‡gi add +, sub - , mul x ) h_vt 1) mgm¨v wPwüZ Kib (Investigation)
M) Acv‡iÛ (Operand) (‡cÖvMÖv‡gi x, y,a,b etc) 2) mgm¨v we‡kølb (Problem Analysis)
N) gšÍe¨ (Comment) 3) ‡cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb (Program Design)
(‡cÖvMÖv‡gi : , ; // etc Øviv wPý Kiv)
4) †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U ev ‡KvwWs
11. Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg Kx? KZ cÖvKvi I wK wK? (Program Development or Coding)
Dt Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg t A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv A_ev D”P ¯Í‡ii 5) †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb (Program Implementation)
fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg‡K ‡gwk‡bi fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ 6) †cÖvMÖvg WKz‡g‡›Ukb (Program Documentation)
eëüZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg (Translator 7) †cÖvMÖvg iÿbv‡eÿb (Program Maintenance)
Program) e‡j|
1) mgm¨v wPwüZ Kib t ‡cÖvMÖvgwU Kx mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Abyev` †cÖvMÖvg wZb cÖKvi h_vt Rb¨ iPbv Kiv n‡e †m mgm¨vwUi GKwU cwi¯‥vi eY©bv
K) B›UviwcÖUvi (Interpreter)| •Zwi Kiv nq|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 3
57
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

2) mgm¨v we‡kølb t mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi ‡hgb t A>B Gi ¯’‡j A<B ev T=A+B Gi ¯’‡j
cÖ‡qvRb wKbv Zv wbY©q, mgm¨vi KvVv‡gvMZ eY©bv cÖ¯ÍyZ T=A-B wjL‡j hyw³MZ f~j nq| G‡ÿ‡ÎI f~‡ji evZ©v
Ges m¤¢e n‡j mgm¨vi MvwbwZK g‡Wj cÖ¯ÍyZ Ki‡Z nq| cÖ`k©b K‡i bv|
3) ‡cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb t mgm¨vi MVbMZ eY©bv n‡Z M) ivb UvBg I Gw·wKDkb UvBg f~j t Kw¤úDUvi‡K
myweavRbK A¨vjMwi`g Ges ‡d¬vPvU© mnvqZvq †cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j †WUv w`‡j ev †WUvi di‡gU wVK bv _vK‡j G ai‡bi
c~bv©½ cwiKíbv Ki‡Z nq| f~j nq|
4) †cÖvMÖvg †W‡fjc‡g›U ev ‡KvwWs t Kw¤úDUv‡ii ‡hgb t k~b¨ w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z †M‡j Error message
‡evaMg¨ fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg iPbv‡K †KvwWs ejv nq| cÖ`k©b K‡i|
5) †cÖvMÖvg ev¯Íevqb t †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi ci cÖ_‡g †cÖvMÖv‡gi 15. ‡WUv f~j (Data Error) Kx ?
cÖwZwU Ask Ges c‡i m¤ú~b© †cÖvMÖvg cixÿv K‡i ‡`L‡Z Dt Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡WUv Bbcy‡Ui mgq f~j w`‡j Zv‡K ‡WUv
nq| G mgq cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖvg‡K f~j ev Data Error e‡j|
cÖwµqvKi‡Yi Rb¨ Dchy³ K‡i m¤ú~b©fv‡e •Zwi K‡i ‡hgb t int Gi †ÿ‡Î %d emv‡Z nq, H hvqMvq %d bv
†bqv nq| w`‡q %F emv‡bv nq Z‡e GB Error †K Data Error
6) †cÖvMÖvg WKz‡g‡›Ukb t f~j ms‡kva‡bi ci †cÖvMÖvg e‡j| wKšÍy 50 Gi ¯’‡j 05 UvBc Ki‡j Kw¤úDUvi
mwVKfv‡e KvR Ki‡j Zv‡K Run Program ejv nq| G †Kv‡bv f~j cÖ`k©b Ki‡e bv|
†cÖvMÖvg‡K fwel¨‡Z iÿ‡bi Rb¨ wjwce× Ki‡Z nq| G 16. wWevwMs(Debugging) Kx ?
wjwce×KiY‡K †cÖvMÖvg ‡jL¨ ev WKz‡g‡›Ukb ejv nq| Dt ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j‡K evM (Bugs) ejv nq| †cÖvMÖv‡gi
7) †cÖvMÖvg iÿbv‡eÿb t wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b I †cÖvMÖv‡gi µwU Ly‡R †ei K‡i Zv `~i Kiv‡K wWevwMs (Debugging)
DbœwZK‡í ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi AvaywbKxKiY, cwieZ©b, cwiea©b, e‡j| Gi AvÿwiK A_© †cvKv evQv|
†cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j ms‡kvab BZ¨vw` †cÖvMÖvg iÿbv‡eÿb 17. †Uw÷s ev ‡cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s(Program Testing) Kx?
Kv‡Ri AšÍf~©³| Dt ‡cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s n‡”Q †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg †KvwWs m¤úbœ
14. ‡cÖvMÖvg f~j (Program Bugs) Kx? GwU KZ fv‡M Kivi ci †cÖvMÖvgwUi †h ai‡bi AvDUcyU ev djvdj
wef³ eY©bv `vI| nIqv DwPr Zv wVKg‡Zv Avm‡Q wKbv ev ivb Ki‡Q wKbv
A_ev, ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi Error KZ cÖKvi I wK wK ? Zv hvPvB Kiv|
Dt ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j‡K evM (Bugs) ejv nq| ‡cÖvMÖvg •Zwii 18. A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© Kv‡K e‡j?
mgq wewfbœ Kvi‡b f~j n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K ‡cÖvMÖvg evM Dt A¨vjMwi`g t †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvavb Kivi Rb¨ †h
e‡j| mg¯Í mywbw`©ó avc AbymiY K‡i wjwLZ fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv
‡cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j‡K wZb fv‡M Kiv hvq h_vt nq Zv‡K A¨vjMwi`g e‡j|
K) wmbU¨v· f~j (Syntax Error) ‡d¬vPvU© t we‡kl wKQy R¨vwgwZK wPý e¨envi K‡i †Kv‡bv
L) jwRK ev hyw³MZ f~j (Logic Error) mgm¨vi †h․w³K avivevwnK mgvavb‡K †h wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
M) ivb UvBg I Gw·wKDkb UvBg ev wbe©vnRwbZ f~j cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K ‡d¬vPvU© e‡j|
(Run time & Execution Time Error)
K) wmbU¨v· f~j t †h fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLv nq †mB fvlvi
e¨vKibMZ f~j n‡jv wmbU¨v· f~j| G f~j wewfbœ ai‡bi
n‡Z cv‡i| মাঝানর মানির নলক্ষক বন঱ি,
‡hgb t evbvb f~j GiKg INPUT Gi ¯’‡j INPIT, ভা঱ নলক্ষক বুনঝন়ে কিি,
print Gi ¯’‡j pirnt BZ¨vw`| Kw¤úDUvi‡K Error কেষ্ঠ নলক্ষক কনর কিখাি।।
message w`‡q Rvwb‡q †`q| ম঵াি নলক্ষক ঄িুপ্রানণত কনরি।।
L) jwRK ev hyw³MZ f~j t Kw¤úDUvi ‡cÖvMÖvg Kivi mgq ---উইলয়াম আর্থ ়ার ওয়ার্থ
hyw³MZ f~jmg~n‡K hyw³MZ f~j e‡j|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 4

58
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

19. A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© Gi cv_©K¨ wjL| 24. ‡d¬vPv‡U©i wewfbœ cÖwZK mgy‡ni eY©bv `vI|
A¨vjMwi`g †d¬vPvU© Dt ‡d¬vPv‡U©i wewfbœ cÖwZK mgy‡ni wb‡P eY©bv Kiv nj|
1. †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvavb 1. we‡kl wKQy R¨vwgwZK cÖevn wPÎ A_©
Kivi Rb¨ †h mg¯Í mywbw`©ó wPý eënvi K‡i †Kv‡bv ïiæ / †kl (Start/End)
avc AbymiY K‡i wjwLZ mgm¨vi †h․w³K avivevwnK
BbcyU/AvDUcyU (Input/Output)
fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K mgvavb‡K †h wP‡Îi gva¨‡g
A¨vjMwi`g e‡j| cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K ‡d¬vPvU© cÖwµqvKib (Process)
e‡j| wm×všÍ (Decision)(Yes/No)
2. GwU eY©bvg~jK| 2. GwU wPÎwfwËK|
ms‡hvM (Connector)
3. Gi Øviv †cÖvMÖvg †evSv 3. Gi Øviv †cÖvMÖvg †evSv
cÖev‡ni w`K (Flow line )
KwVb| mnR|
Pµ (Loop)
4. ‡cÖvMÖvg cÖev‡ni w`K 4. ‡cÖvMÖvg cÖev‡ni w`K
†evSv hvq bv| †evSv hvq| wPÎ t ‡d¬vPv‡U©i wewfbœ cÖwZK mg~n |
5. ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j µwU `~i 5. ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi f~j µwU `~i 25. my‡Wv‡KvW (Pseudo code) Kx?
Kiv KwVb| Kiv mnR| Dt my‡Wv GKwU MÖxK kã| hvi A_© QÙ ev Aev¯Íe A_©¨vr hv
20. A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU© Gi ‣ewkó¨ wjL| mZ¨ bq| ‡cÖvMÖvg iPbvi c~‡e© A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU©
eënvi K‡i wbw`©ó fvlvq †cÖvMÖv‡gi Lmov Kiv‡KB ejv
Dt A¨vjMwi`g Gi •ewkó¨ ev myweav|
nq my‡Wv †KvW|
1) mn‡R ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ †evSv hvq|
‡hgbt Input a,b,c
2) mn‡R ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fyj wbb©q Kiv hvq|
Sum=a+b+c
3) ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi cÖev‡ni w`K eySv hvq|
Print sum
4) RwUj ‡cÖvMÖvg mn‡R iPbv Kiv hvq|
26. Keyword Kx?
5) ‡cÖvMÖvg cwieZ©b I cwiea©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
‡d¬vPvU© Gi •ewkó¨ ev myweav | Dt Programming G wKQz msiwÿZ kã Av‡Q Compiler
Gi Kv‡Q hv‡ì wbw`©ó A_© Av‡Q GB ai‡bi kã‡KB
1) mn‡R ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi D‡Ïk¨ †evSv hvq| Programming Gi Keyword e‡j|
2) ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fyj wbY©‡q mnvqZv K‡i|
‡hgb: (i) scanf (ii) printf (iii) int (iv) float (v)
3) ‡cÖvMÖvg cwieZ©b Ges cwiea©‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
double (vi) do (vii) do-while (viii) else Etc.
4) mn‡R I ms‡ÿ‡c RwUj †cÖvMÖvg ‡jLv hvq|
5) cÖwZwU avc mn‡RB ‡evSv hvq| Gfv‡e Av‡Q C Keyword : 47 wU, C++ Keyword :
21. jyc ev Pµ Kx? 98 wU
Dt ‡cÖvMÖv‡g GKB ai‡bi KvR evievi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb 27. Variable ev PjK Kx? Bnv KZ cÖKvi I wK wK?
n‡j jyc ev Pµ eënvi Kiv nq| GB evievi GKB KvR Dt Variable n‡jv Memory location Gi bvg| †h bvg
Kivi cÖwµqv‡K jyc ev Pµ e‡j| Øviv GKRb User ev eënviKvix Memory location †K
22. Rv¤ú Kx? access K‡i _v‡K| Bnv GKRb User ev eënviKvix
Dt ‡cÖvMÖv‡g mij Abyµg‡K f½ K‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡a¨ GK cÖ`Ë wewfbœ Value †K Hold K‡i|
jvBb †_‡K cieZx© jvB‡b bv wM‡q Dc‡i ev wb‡P Ab¨ ‡hgb t a,b,c, Sum, Product, account, b_c, etc.
†Kvb jvBb †_‡K KvR ïiæ K‡i Zv‡K Rv¤ú e‡j|
Variable 2 cÖKvi
23. C ‡cÖvMÖv‡g Header dvBj Kx ? h_v t K) †jvKvj †fwi‡qej|(wbw`©ó dvsk‡b eëüZ nq)
Dt †h dvB‡j jvB‡eªwi IqvW© ev Kx-Iqv‡W©i †cÖv‡UvUvBc L) ‡Møvevj †fwi‡qej| (‡h †Kv‡bv dvsk‡b eëüZ nq)
ewb©Z _v‡K Zv‡K †nWvi dvBj e‡j|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 5
59
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

28. Constant ev aªæeK Kx? Bnv KZ cÖKvi I wK wK? 31. Variable I Constant Gi cv_©K¨ wjL|
Dt Program-G eëüZ wKQz wbw`©ó gvb Av‡Q hv Variable Constant
cwiewZ©Z nq bv, Zv‡K Constant ev aªæeK e‡j| 1. ‡cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni mgq 1. ‡cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni mgq hvi
‡hgbt Char, int, float, double, long Etc. hvi gvb cwiewZ©Z nq gvb cwiewZ©Z nq bv Zv‡K
Constant 2 cÖKvi Zv‡K Variable ev PjK Constant ev aªæeK e‡j|
h_v : e‡j|
K) msL¨vm~PK aªæeK|(±1,±2,±3 BZ¨vw` eëüZ nq) 2. ‡fwi‡qe‡ji gvb 2. KÝU¨v›U Kgv eënvi Kiv
L) eb©m~PK aªæeK|(π=3.1416, %, @, $ BZ¨vw`) wba©vib Kivi mgq msL¨vi hvq bv Z‡e cÖ‡qvR‡b `kwKg
29. C ‡K Mid level language ejv nq †Kb? g‡a¨ Kgv eënvi Kiv eënvi Kiv hvq|
Dt C ‡Z †hgb Assembly Language Gi gZ bit, hv‡e|
byte, Memory address wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq, †Zgwb 3. †cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bvi mqg 3. ‡cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bvi mgq
High level language Gi data type WvUv wb‡q KvR hLb cÖ‡qvRb B‡”QgZ †Kvbfv‡eB Kb÷¨v›U Gi gvb
Kiv hvq| G Rb¨ C †K Mid level language ejv nq| Gi gvb cwieZ©b Kiv cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv|
30. wm I wm++ Gi cv_©K¨ wjL| hvq|
Dt wm I wm++ Gi cv_©K¨ wb‡P †Ìqv nj| 4. C fvlvq PjK ‡NvlYv 4. C fvlvq aªæeK †NvlYv
wm wm++ Kivi wbqg n‡jv Kivi wbqg n‡jv
1| wm n‡jv GKwU 1| wm++ n‡jv GKwU int x; const x=50;
cÖwmwWDivj †cÖvMÖvwgs Ae‡R± Awi‡q‡›UW নবপনির ঴মন়ের প্রকৃ ত বন্ধু র িাম অত্মনবশ্বা঴-
j¨vs¸‡qR| †cÖvMÖvwgs j¨vs¸‡qR| একবার একজি নবজনি঴ এনিনকউটিভ প্রচন্ড ঄থড ঴ংকনট পডন঱ি।
2| BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU 2| BbcyU Ges AvDUcyU নতনি কিিার িান়ে ডু নব নছন঱ি ও ক঴টা কথনক মুনির ককাি উপা়েআ খুাঁনজ
পানিন঱ি িা। তার নবনিন়োগকারীরা মুখ ন নরন়ে নিনি঱, ঴াপ্লা়োররা তানির ঄থড
jvB‡eªwiwfwËK Ges Ges Kgv‡Ûi gva¨‡g
ক রত চানিন঱া। এরকম ঴ঙ্কটম়ে মূ঵ূনতড নতনি একটি পানকড চু পচাপ বন঴ নছন঱ি।
dvskbmg~‡ni gva¨‡g MwVZ| ভাবনছন঱ি এরকম ককাি উপা়ে কবর করা যা়ে নকিা যানত নতনি এ ঴ম঴যা
cwiPvwjZ nq| কথনক মুনি কপনত পানরি। তার প্রনতষ্ঠািও রক্ষা পানব বযানঙ্কর ঵ানত বানজ়োপ্ত
঵ও়ো কথনক।
3| main( ) -Gi mv‡_ 3| main( ) -Gi mv‡_ ঵ঠাৎ কনরআ একজি বৃদ্ধ ক঱াক ক঴খানি এন঴ িাাঁডান঱ি।
Ab¨vb¨ dvskb Kj Kiv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ dvskb Kj Kiv বৃদ্ধঃ অপিানক নচনিত মনি ঵নি? নকছু নক ঵ন়েনছ? অমানক নক ব঱া যানব?
hvq bv| নবজনি঴ এনিনকউটিভ তানক ঴ব খুন঱ ব঱ন঱ি। ঴ব শুনি বৃদ্ধ ব঱ন঱ি, “অমার

4| wm K¤úvBjvi w`‡q wm++ 4| †ewki fvM wm++ নবশ্বা঴ অনম অপিানক ঴া঵াযয করনত পারনবা।“
নতনি ক঱াকটিনক তার িাম নজনে঴ করন঱ি, একটী কচক কবর কনর
K¤úvBj Kiv hvq bv| K¤úvBjvi w`‡q wm তানত নবজনি঴ এনিনকউটিনভর িাম ন঱খন঱ি ও স্বাক্ষর কনর কচকটি তানক নিন঱ি,
K¤úvBjvi Kiv hvq| ব঱ন঱ি, “এআ কচকটি রাখুি।
5| scanf( ) -BbcyU ‡bqvi 5| cin>> -BbcyU ‡bqvi ঠিক এআ জা়েগা়ে অবার ১ বছর পর অমানির কিখা ঵নব। তখি আিা করন঱
অপনি অমার টাকা ক রত নিনত পানরি।“ এআ বন঱ বৃদ্ধ দ্রুত চন঱ কগন঱ি।
Rb¨ G dvskb eëüZ nq| Rb¨ G dvskb eëüZ nq|
নবজনি঴ এনিনকউটিভ কিখন঱ি, তার ঵ানত ৫ ঱াখ মানকড ি ড঱ানরর কচক, কযটিনত
printf( ) -AvDUcyU †bqvi cout>>-AvDUcyU †bqvi স্বাক্ষর রন়েনছ জি নড. রকন ঱ানরর। নতনি নছন঱ি পৃনথবীর ঴বনচন়ে ধিী
Rb¨ G dvskb eëüZ nq| Rb¨ G dvskb eëüZ nq| বযনিনির একজি।

নতনি ভাবন঱ি , “এখি অনম অমার অনথডক ঄িটি নিনমন঳আ কাটিন়ে ক ঱নত পানর। “ নকন্তু নতনি ক঴টা িা কনর কচকটি নিনজর কানছ রাখন঱ি। ভাবনত
শুরু করন঱ি, “কচক কতা অমার কানছ অনছআ।
নকন্তু এটা বযব঵ার িা কনরআ নক অনম এআ নবপি কথনক পনরত্রানণর ককাি উপা়ে কপনত পানর িা ?”িতু ি অলা, ঴া঵঴ ও উনিযাম , অর পনরকল্পিা নিন়ে
নতনি অবার কানজ ঝাাঁনপন়ে পডন঱ি। ধীনর ধীনর নতনি তার নিজস্ব নচিা ও পনরকল্পিার ঴া঵াযয নিন়ে কিিা কথনক মুি ঵নত শুরু কনরি। এক ঴ম়ে নতনি ঴ব
বনক়ো ঄থড পনরনলাধ কনরি। কমীনির ও ঴াপ্লা়োরনির কবতি একটি নিনিড ষ্ট পনরকল্পিার মানঝ এনি পনরনলাধ কনরি। কন়েক মান঴র মানঝআ নতনি অবার ঱ানভর মুখ
কিখনত শুরু কনরি।
ঠিক এক বছর পর নতনি ক঴আ কচকটি নিন়ে ক঴আ পানকড এন঴ বৃদ্ধনক খুাঁজনত শুরু কনরি ও কিখা কপন়েও যাি। নতনি তানক নিনজর ঴া ন঱যর গল্প ব঱নত
শুরু কনরি। এরকম ঴ম়ে একজি িা঴ড এন঴ বৃদ্ধনক কটনি নিন়ে কযনত থানকি।
িা঴ড নবজনি঴ এনিনকউটিভনক ব঱ন঱ি, “অপনি উিার কথা়ে নকছু মনি করনবি িা।বাধডকযজনিত কারনণ উনি নকছু টা এন঱ানমন঱া অচরণ কনরি ও নিনজনক জি নড
রকন ঱ার বন঱ িানব কনরি।“ এআ বন঱ িা঴ড বৃদ্ধনক নিন়ে চন঱ কগন঱ি। ঵তভম্ব ঵ন়ে বযব঴া়েী ভদ্রন঱াক িাাঁনডন়ে রআন঱ি।
--------নতনি বুঝন঱ি, তার ঴া ন঱যর কারণ অ঴ন঱ কচকটি ি়ে।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 6

60
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

32. C Gi mswÿß BwZnvm †jL|

A_ev, C Gi cÖv_wgK avibv|
Dt C n‡”Q D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlv| G‡K POP ev Procedure Oriented Program ejv nq| KLbI G‡K General
Purpose Language Avevi KLbI Mid Level Language ejv nq| wm bvgUv G‡m‡Q “gvwU©b wiPvW©mÊ (Martins
Richards) Gi D™¢vweZ BCPL Gi mswÿß B bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| c‡i B Gi Dbœq‡bi d‡j wm Gi weKvk N‡U|
1970 mv‡j hy³iv‡ói wUGÛwU †ej j¨v‡ev‡iUwi‡Z “†Wwbm wiwPÊ (Dennis Ritchie) BDwb· Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
eënvi K‡i wm †cÖvMÖvg fvlv D™¢veb K‡ib| Gi d‡j wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g wewfbœ mdUIq¨vi I Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g
‣Zwi‡Z wbqš¿‡b wm †cÖvMÖvg fvlv eëüZ nq| cÖPwjZ K‡qKwU K¤úvBjv‡ii bvg n‡”Q Turbo C/C++, Borland C,
Microsoft C, Dev C++.
eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKj wm‡÷g wm †cÖvMÖv‡g †jLv Ges wm n‡”Q ‡cÖvMÖvwgs RM‡Zi g~j wfwË ev Base| wm †cÖvMÖvg bv
wkL‡j Avi †Kvb ai‡bi ‡cÖvMÖvwgs Ávb AR©b Kiv m¤¢e bq|
33. wm †cÖvMÖvg Rvbvi Av‡M GKUv Mí g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e Avkv Kwi GB Mí g‡b ivL‡Z cvi‡j †cÖvMÖvg Lye mn‡R Ki‡Z wkL‡Z
cvi‡ev|
g‡bKwi, GKwU wefvMxq jvB‡eªwi‡Z Avwg hv‡ev eB co‡Z Ges Ávb AR©b Ki‡Z| hLb Avwg †mB jvB‡eªwii ‡M‡Ui
mvg‡b hve ZLb Aek¨B GKRb `viIqvb/MvW© †`L‡Z cvi‡ev, †mB `viIqvb hLb Avgv‡K ‡`L‡e ZLb|
`viIqvb1 t Avm&mvjvgy-AvjvBKyg! Avcwb †K?
Avwg t IqvjvBKzg-Avm&mvjvg! Avwg GKRb mvavib e¨w³| Avwg GLv‡b eB co‡Z AvmwQ|
1
`viIqvb t Avcbvi Kv‡Q wK jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó Av‡Q?
Avwg t bv ! Avgvi Kv‡Q jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó †bB| Avwg GB cÖ_g AvmwQ|
1
`viIqvb t Av”Qv GKUv KvR K‡ib, GLb wfZ‡i hvb Ges ciewZ© ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡eb|
Avwg t Av”Qv wVK Av‡Q Avwg ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡ev|
(wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi ci cÖ_g †MU cvi nIqvi ci wØZxq †M‡Ui mvg‡b hLb hve)
2
`viIqvb t Avm-mvjvgyAvjvBKyg! Avcwb wK jvB‡eªwi‡Z Avm‡Qb|
Avwg t IqvjvBKzg-Avm&mvjvg! wR-nu¨v|Avwg jvB‡eªwi‡Z eB co‡Z AvmwQ|
2
`viIqvb t Avcbvi Kv‡Q jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó Av‡Q?
Avwg t bv ! Avgvi Kv‡Q jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó †bB| Avwg GB cÖ_g AvmwQ|
2
`viIqvb t Av”Qv GKUv KvR K‡ib GLb wfZ‡i hvb Ges ciewZ© KvW© ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡eb|
`viIqvb2 t iæ‡g ‡XvKvi Av‡M Avcbv‡K ¯‥¨vb Kiv n‡e|
Avwg t Aek¨B| Avcwb ¯‥¨vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
(wØZxq †M‡Ui ¯‥¨vb Kivi ci wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kijvg Ges Awdmv‡ii Kv‡Q hve)
Awdmvi t Avcwb †Kvb ai‡b eB co‡Z B”QzK ?
Avwg t ‡cÖvMÖvwgs wm eBwU co‡Z PvB|
Awdmvi t Avcbvi wK jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó Av‡Q ? _vK‡j †mUv w`b|
Avwg t bv! Avgvi Kv‡Q jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó †bB|Avwg AvR cÖ_g AvmwQ|
Awdmvi t Av”Qv Avcwb GKUv jvB‡eªwii ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡qb|Avcbvi bvg I †gvevBj bv¤^vi ejyb|
Avwg t ‡gvt mv¾v` gvngy`| ‡gvevt 01937-230066|
(Zvi wc‡qvb/ Kgx© †K ej‡eb eBwU Avbvi Rb¨|)
Awdmvi t wm †cÖvMÖvwgs eB wb‡q G‡mv|
wc‡qvb t m¨vi GB wbb eB| (Awdmvi‡K w`‡e)
Awdmvi t mv¾v` m¨vi| GB wbb eB Ges jvB‡eªwi‡Z †Rv‡i kã K‡i co‡eb bv|
Avwg t abëv` !
(Avgvi cov †kl nIqvi ci Avwg hLb eB wb‡q Awdmv‡ii Kv‡Q hv‡ev ZLb|)
Awdmvi t m¨vi GLv‡b mvÿi Kiæb| Avcwb `qv K‡i GKwU jvB‡eªwi ÒKvW©Ó Gi Rb¨ Registration K‡i hvb|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 7

61
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

Avwg t Aek¨B|
(hLb Avwg jvB‡eªwi Z¨M Ki‡ev ZLb ‡mB †M‡Ui mvg‡b `viIqvb2 Avgv‡K ¯‥¨vb K‡i Z¨vM Kivi mgq|)
`viIqvb2 t m¨vi Avevi Avm‡eb| ciewZ© GKwU jvB‡eªwi ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡eb|
Avwg t Aek¨B|
`viIqvb1 t m¨vi Avevi Avm‡eb| ciewZ© GKwU jvB‡eªwi ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi K‡i wb‡eb|
Avwg t Aek¨B|
(cieZx© w`‡b hLb Avevi jvB‡eªwii †M‡U `viIqvb1 Gi mv‡_ †`Lv ZLb|)
`viIqvb1 t m¨vi †Kgb Av‡Qb|
Avwg t fvj AvwQ! Avcwb †Kgb Av‡Qb|
`viIqvb1 t fvj AvwQ! m¨vi AvR Aek¨B ÒKvW©Ó wb‡eb| Avcwb †fZ‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib|
Avwg t wR-nu¨v! AvR ÒKvW©Ó wb‡ev|
(Avevi hLb wØZxq †M‡Ui mvg‡b hve ZLb)
`viIqvb2 t m¨vi †Kgb Av‡Qb|
Avwg t fvj AvwQ! Avcwb †Kgb Av‡Qb|
`viIqvb2 t fvj AvwQ! m¨vi AvR Aek¨B ÒKvW©Ó wb‡eb| Ges Avcwb wfZ‡i †h‡Z cv‡ib|
Avwg t wR-nu¨v! AvR KvW© wb‡ev|
(wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi ci Awdmv‡ii mv‡_ K‡_vK‡cv_b)
Avwg t Avgvi ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q ?
Awdmvi t wR-nu¨v! Avcbvi ÒKvW©Ó ‣Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avcbvi mvÿi w`b|
Avwg t wR-nu¨v!
(mvÿi nIqvi ci Avgvv‡K KvW© w`‡e|)
Awdmvi t Avcwb †M‡U I eB ‡bqvi mgq jvB‡eªwii GB ÒKvW©Ó †`Lv‡jB n‡e|
Avwg t Thank You!
Awdmvi t Most Welcome!
-------------------------0||0-------------------------
Avwg hLwb jvB‡eªwi‡Z hve ZLb Avgvi B‡”Q gZ eB wb‡Z cvi‡ev ïaygvÎ GB ÒKvW©Ó †`Lv‡jB n‡e| GLv‡b †Kvb
ai‡bi aiv evav †bB †h, †Kvb ai‡bi eB co‡ev|
▓ GB Mí c‡o “C-Program” Gi wkÿv|
jvB‡eªwi eB covi Rb¨ wVK GKB fv‡e “C-Program” G jvB‡eªwi Av‡Q| hv‡K Avgiv ewj #include<stdio.h>
†hLv‡b me wKQz Av‡M †_‡KB (Built-In AvKv‡i) †Ìqv Av‡Q ïaygvÎ wKQz mwVK Z_¨ w`‡Z n‡e| #include n‡”Q “C-
Program” Gi jvB‡eªwi Avi <stdio.h> n‡”Q std= Standard, i= Input, O= Output, h= Header File A_©¨vr
Standard Input Output Header File ‡hLv‡b wKfv‡e cÖwZwU †WUv‡K Input Ges Output Ki‡e †WUv‡K wKfv‡e
Maintain Ki‡e, me `vwqZ¡ stdio.h Gi|
ciewZ© #include<conio.h> Øviv conio.h n‡”Q con=Console , i= Input, O= Output, h= Header File
cÖwZwU †WUv‡K Input Ges Output Ki‡e †WUv‡K ‡KvbwU cÖ_‡g Ges †k‡l em‡e M‡íi `viIqv‡bi KvR †hgb †M‡Ui
mvg‡b `vov‡bv Awdmv‡ii KvR Awd‡m hv H jvB‡eªwii KvDwÝji wVK K‡i †i‡L‡Qb wVK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs G wKfv‡e Maintain
Ki‡e, me `vwqZ¡ conio.h Gi| †hgb GKwU jvB‡eªwi‡Z `viIqvb, Awdmvi, KvDwÝji bv _vK‡j jvB‡eªwi P‡j bv wVK
‡cÖvMÖvwgs I GwK KvR| #include<stdio.h> I #include<conio.h> bv _vK‡j ‡cÖvMÖvwgs Pj‡e bv|
Gfv‡e AviI Av‡Q -
†hgb t #include<math.h> ‡hwU MvwbwZK mgm¨vi Rb¨ eëüZ nq| #include<graphic.h> GwU Qwe msµvšÍ
mKj ai‡bi Kv‡R eëüZ nq| <stdlib.h> ,<string.h> ,<time.h> Etc.

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 8

62
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

Avi Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw”Q cÖwZevi M‡í GKwU K_v †ewk e¨eüZ n‡”Q ÒKvW©Ó ÒKvW©Ó ÒKvW©Ó| GB ÒKvW©Ó ej‡Z Avcbvi
cwiPq wK ? ‡cÖvMÖvwgs G ÒKvW©Ó wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K‡i‡Q Ò†WUv UvBcÓ ‡K ‡Kvb ai‡bi †WUv A_©¨vr `kwgK bvwK c~b© msL¨v
A_ev Ab¨wKQz| wb‡P †WUv UvB‡ci PvU© †`Iqv Av‡Q Avgiv †mUv †`‡L wb‡ev|
void main( ) Øviv Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi †hgb M‡í `viIqv‡bi1 †h KvR †mUv n‡”Q void main( ) Gi KvR| Ò{Ó
(‡m‡KÛ eªv‡KU) †MU eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q ‡hLvb †_‡K cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvwi|
int & float n‡”Q †mB †WUvi cwiwPwZ M‡í `viIqvb1I 2 Avcwb †K ? wRÁvmv ev` Kiv n‡qwQj| wVK GKB fv‡e †m
†Kvb ai‡bi ‡WUv A_©¨vr int n‡j c~b© msL¨v (25, 2,11,48 BZ¨vw` ) Avi float n‡j fMœvsk/ `kwgK msL¨v (25.24,
12.5,28.112016 BZ¨vw`)|
scanf n‡”Q ¯‥¨vb Kiv ‡hgb M‡í `viIqvb2 Gi KvR Avgv‡K †PK K‡i wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv n‡qwQj|
†hgb t scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b); ‡cÖvMÖvwgs G Avgiv †h KqwU Input ‡`‡ev me ¸‡jv scan K‡i wb‡q Input Gi KvR
†kl Kwi| Avi %d ej‡Z integer Type Data ‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi “ ; ” (Semicolon) ‡mwg‡Kvjb Øviv Statement
‡kl Kiv †evSvq| M‡í `viIqvb ¯‥¨vb Kivi ci Zvi KvR †kl wVK GKB fv‡e scanf Gi KvR †kl GB “ ; ” Øviv |
Gi ci cÖ‡mm Gi KvR m¤úbœ Kwi| †hgb t S=a+b; M‡í- jvB‡eªwi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i eB wb‡q c‡o Ávb AR©b Kiv
n‡”Q cÖ‡mm Gi KvR|
printf n‡”Q djvdj cÖKv‡ki Rb¨| hvi gva¨‡g †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi cÖ‡mm Gi KvR †kl n‡j djvdj †c‡Z cvwi †hgb t S
Gi gvb|
M‡í- jvB‡eªwi‡Z eB wb‡q c‡o Ávb AR©b Kivi ci eB †diZ ‡`q| A_©¨vr Avgvi Ávb AR©b Kiv †kl eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
getch( ); n‡”Q M‡íi †mB `viIqvb2 Gi KvR †h †ei nIqvi Av‡M Avgv‡K ej‡e `vovb Ges †PK K‡i evwn‡i ‡ei
n‡Z ‡`‡e| ‡cÖvMÖvg †jLvi ci djvdj cÖKvk Kivi ci Avgiv Kx-‡ev‡W© †h †Kv‡bv Kx †cÖm bv Ki‡j †mLv‡b `vwo‡q _v‡K|
Kx-‡cÖm Kiv n‡q ‡M‡j ‡mB ‡cÖvMÖvg ‡_‡K evwn‡i ‡h‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Ò}Ó Øviv ‡cÖvMÖvg †kl Kiv nq|
Avkv Kwi mK‡ji DcvKv‡i Avm‡e Avi hw` †Kv‡bv ‡cÖvMÖvwgs A_ev ICT Sub G eyS‡Z †h †Kv‡bv mgm¨v n‡j
Avgv‡K Phone A_ev Facebook G ‡g‡mR w`‡e ‡h †Kv‡bv mgq Contact K‡i Problem Solve Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
34. C Program wm ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi †WUv UvBc mg~n eb©Yv Ki|
Dt ‡WUv UvBc (Data Type)

‡cÖvMÖv‡gi we‡kl wKQz ‡WUv UvBc wmb‡U·

BDRvi wWdvBÛ(User Define) weë Bb (Built-In) wWivBfW (Divided) Integer(c~b© msL¨v) %d
÷ªvKPvi(Structure A¨v‡i(Array) Float(`kwgK msL¨v) %f
) c~b© msL¨v f‡qW fMœvsk Character (Aÿi) %c
BDwbqb(Union) (Integer) (Void) (Fraction) dvskb(Function) %.2f ej‡Z `kwg‡Ki c‡i `yB ¯’vb ch©šÍ | gvb
c‡q›Uvi (Pointer) cÖ`k©b Ki‡e| %.3f ej‡Z wZb `kwgK gvb|
K¬vk(Class)
int (1,2,3..Etc) HSC Rb¨ GB `y‡Uv ‡WUv UvBc n‡jB P‡j|
Bbdi‡gkb Float (2.50,)
Char (a,b,x,y)
(Information) Double (16.126..)

wPÎ t ‡WUv UvBc|

GK mnKgx© AvBb÷vB‡bi Kv‡Q GKevi Zvi †Uwj‡dvb bv¤^viUv PvB‡jb| ZLb AvBb÷vBb GKUv †Uwj‡dvb eB
Ly‡R‡ei Ki‡jb Ges †m eB‡Z Zvi bv¤^viUv LuyR‡Z jvM‡jb| ZLb mnKgx©wU ej‡jb,ÕKx e¨vcvi wb‡Ri bv¤^viUvI g‡b
†bB Avcbvi?Õ AvBb÷vBb ej‡jb,Óbv| Zvi `iKviB ev Kx? †hUv Avcwb eB‡Z cv‡eb, †m Z_¨Uv gyL¯Í K‡i gw¯Í¯‥ LiP
Ki‡eb †Kb? “““AvBb÷vBbÊÊÊ

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 9

63
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

1. `ywU msL¨vi †hvMd‡ji A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© ‡jL I C-Program wjL | C Compiler TurboC/C++
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1t ïiæ| Start
#include<conio.h>
avc-2t BbcyU wn‡m‡e a I b gvb MÖnb Kwi| void main( )
Input a, b {
avc-3t S= a+b cÖ‡mm Kwi|
int a, b, S;
avc-4t S djvdj cÖKvk Kwi | S = a+b scanf( “%d%d”,&a,&b );
avc-5t mgvß| S=a+b;
Output S printf(“%d”,S);
getch( ); Input: 5, 7
Output : 12
End }
*** GKB fv‡e 3wU, 4wU,5wU msL¨vi ‡hvMdj, ¸bdj, Mo BZ¨vw` wbY©q Ki‡Z cvwi| ïaygvÎ cÖ‡mwms cwieZ©b n‡e|
2. wÎf~‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |(wZb evûi †ÿ‡Î)|
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1t ïiæ| #include<conio.h>
Start
avc-2t BbcyU wn‡m‡e a,b I c gvb #include<math.h>
MÖnb Kwi| Input a, b, c void main( )
(a+b+c)
avc-3t S= cÖ‡mm Kwi| (𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)
{
2
S= 2 int a, b, c;
avc-4t float S, Area;
Area= 𝑠 𝑠 − 𝑎 𝑠 − 𝑏 (𝑠 − 𝑐) Area= S S − a S − b (S − c) scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b,&c);
cÖ‡mm Kwi| S=(a+b+c)/2;
avc-5t Area djvdj cÖKvk Kwi | Output Area Area=sqrt(S*(S-a)*(S-b)*(S-c));
avc-6t mgvß| printf(“%f”, Area);
End getch( );
} Input: 7, 8, 9
Output: 26.83

♠♠♠ অনম ঴ব঴ম়েআ পরীক্ষার নবনরাধীতা কনর। পরীক্ষা নলক্ষাথীনির জািার

অগ্র঵নক কমনর ক ন঱। নলক্ষাথীর জীবনি ককাি ভানবআ িুআটির কবনল পরীক্ষা
কিও়ো উনচত ি়ে। অনম ঵ন঱ নলক্ষাথীনির জিয ক঴নমিার অন়োজি করতাম।
নলক্ষাথীরা যনি মনিানযাগ নিন়ে শুিনতা তা ঵ন঱আ অনম তানির নডনপ্লামা নিন়ে
নিতাম।
------------------ অআিস্টাআি।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10

64
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

3. wÎf~‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL ||(`yB evûi †ÿ‡Î)
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
avc-1t ïiæ|
Start
#include<stdio.h>
avc-2t BbcyU wn‡m‡e l I h gvb MÖnb #include<conio.h>
Kwi| void main( )
𝑙×ℎ
Input l, h
avc-3t S = cÖ‡mm Kwi| {
2
avc-4t S djvdj cÖKvk Kwi | 𝑙×ℎ int l, h, S;
S=
2
avc-5t mgvß| scanf( “%d%d”,&l,&h );
S =(l*h)/2;
Output S
printf(“%d”,S);
getch( ); Input: 8, 9
End
} Output: 36

4. ‡mw›U‡MÖ‡Ui ZvcgvÎv MÖnb K‡i dv‡ibnvBU †¯‹‡j cÖKvk Ki A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL|
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1t ïiæ| Start
#include<conio.h>
avc-2t BbcyU wn‡m‡e c Gi gvb MÖnb
Kwi| Input c
void main( )
avc-3t f = (9×c)/5+32 cÖ‡mm Kwi| {
avc-4t f djvdj cÖKvk Kwi | f = (9×c)/5+32 int c ;
avc-5t mgvß| scanf( “%d”,&c );
Output f f = 9*c/5+32;
printf(“%d”,S);
End getch( ); Input: 33
} Output : 91.40

*** GKB fv‡e Avgiv dv‡ibnvBU c=(f-32)*5/9, e„‡Ëi †ÿÎdj 𝜋𝑟 2 AvqZ‡ÿÎ 𝑙 × 𝑤 |

5. `ywU msL¨vi g‡a¨ †QvU msL¨v wbY©q Kivi A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1 t ïiæ| Start
#include<conio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e A I B Gi void main( )
gvb MÖnb Kwi| Input A,B
{ int A,B ;
avc-3 t A I B g‡a¨ †QvU ‡KvbwU ? Yes
scanf( “%d%d”,&A,&B );
No
nu¨v t A †QvU| A<B? if (A<B)
bv t B †QvU| printf(“%d”,A);
Output A Output B
else
avc-4 t djvdj cÖKvk Kwi| printf(“%d”,B);
avc-5 t mgvß| getch( );
End Input: 5, 6
} Output : 5

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 11

65
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

6. GKwU msL¨v †Rvo bv we‡Rvo Zv wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1 t ïiæ| Start #include<conio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e A Gi gvb MÖnb
Kwi| void main( )
Input A
avc-3 t A Gi gvb‡K 2 Øviv fvM K‡i {
fvM‡kl R Gi g‡a¨ ivwL| R= A mod 2 int A ;
(Dc‡iv³ ‡d¬vPv‡U© fvM‡kl †ei Kiv Rb¨ scanf( “%d”,&A);
Yes No
mod dvskbwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|) R=0? if (A%2==0)
avc-4 t R Gi gvb k~b¨ wKbv Zzjbv Even A Odd A printf(“%d is even”,A);
Kwi? else
nu¨v t A ‡Rvo| printf(“%d is odd”,B);
bv t A we‡Rvo| End
getch( ); Input: 4
avc-4 t djvdj cÖKvk Kwi| } Output : Even
avc-5 t mgvß|
7. GKwU msL¨v abvZ¥K bv FbvZ¥K Zv wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
#include<stdio.h>
avc-1 t ïiæ|
Start #include<conio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e N Gi gvb MÖnb
Kwi| void main( )
Input N {
avc-3 t N Gi gvb‡K 0 Gi †P‡q ‡QvU
int N ;
ev mgvb wKbv?
Yes No scanf( “%d”,&N);
nu¨v t N abvZ¥K | N≥0? if (N>=0)
bv t N FbvZ¥K | printf(“%d is Positive”,A);
O/p Pos O/P Neg
avc-4 t djvdj cÖKvk Kwi| else
avc-5 t mgvß| printf(“%d is Negative”,B);
End getch( );
} Input: -9
Output : Neg

♠♠♠ কতামার কিল কতামার জিয নক কনরনছ তা নজনে঴ কনরা িা,

নিনজনক নজনে঴ কনরা তু নম কতামার কিনলর জিয নক করনত কপনরনছা।

------------------ জি ঄ ককনিনড

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 12

66
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

8. wZbwU msL¨vi g‡a¨ e„nËg msL¨v wbY©q Kivi Rb¨ A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
avc-1 t ïiæ|
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e a,b I c Start #include<stdio.h>
Gi gvb MÖnb Kwi| #include<conio.h>
avc-3 t a I b Gi g‡a¨ eo void main( )
Input a,b,c
†KvbwU? {
nu¨v t a eo | int a,b,c ;
Yes No
bv t b eo | a>b? scanf(“%d%d%d”,&a,&b, &c);
avc-4 t a I c Gi g‡a¨ eo Yes Yes if (a>b&&a>c)
No No
†KvbwU? a>c? b>c? printf(“%d”,a);
nu¨v t a eo | else if (b>a&&b>c)
bv t c eo | Output a Output c Output b
printf(“%d”,b);
avc-5 t b I c Gi g‡a¨ eo else
†KvbwU? printf(“%d”,c);
nu¨v t b eo | End getch( );
bv t c eo | }
avc-6 t djvdj cÖKvk Kwi| Input: 5, 6, 4
Output : 6
avc-7 t mgvß|
9. 1+2+3... ...+ N Gi wmwi‡Ri †hvMd‡ji A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
Start #include<stdio.h>
avc-1 t ïiæ| #include<conio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e N Gi gvb void main( )
Input N
MÖnb Kwi| {
avc-3 t, awi S = 0 Ges i = 1 | S=0, i=1 int N,S,i ;
avc-4 t S = S+i cÖ‡mm Kwi| scanf(“%d”,&N);
avc-5 t i = i+1 cÖ‡mm Kwi| S=S+i S=0;
avc-6 t i Gi gvb N †P‡q ‡QvU wKbv? i=i+1 for(i=1;i<=N;i++)
nu¨v t 4_© av‡c hv‡e| S=S+i;
bv t 7g av‡c hv‡e| i<=N Yes
printf(“%d”,S);
NO
avc-6 t djvdj S cÖ`k©b Kwi| getch( );
Output S
avc-7 t mgvß| } Input: 100
End Output : 5050

GB ‡cÖvMÖvgwU †kLvi Av‡M Avgiv 7g †kÖbxi (7.2 Gi 6bs) wZbwU µwgK msL¨v wbb©q Kiv GKevi †`‡L ‡b‡ev|
GKB fv‡e 12+22+32... ...+ N2 ïay gvÎ (S=S+i*i) cwieZ©b Ki‡jB n‡e|
Avevi 13+23+33... ...+ N3 Rb¨ ïay gvÎ (S=S+i*i*i) cwieZ©b Ki‡jB n‡e|
Avevi 1+3+5... ...+ N Rb¨ ïay gvÎ (i=2,S=S+i) cwieZ©b Ki‡jB n‡e|
Avevi 2+4+6... ...+ N Rb¨ ïay gvÎ (i=2,S=S+i,i=i+2) cwieZ©b Ki‡jB n‡e|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 13

67
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”
avc-1 t ïiæ| #include<stdio.h>
Start #include<conio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e a I b Gi gvb
void main( )
MÖnb Kwi| Input a,b
{
avc-3 t ‡QvU msL¨vwU eo msL¨v Øviv Z= a mod b int a, b, Z ;
fvM K‡i fvM‡kl Z Gi g‡a¨ ivwL| scanf(“%d%d”,&a,&b);
(Dc‡iv³ ‡d¬vPv‡U© fvM‡kl †ei Kiv do
Rb¨ mod dvskbwU e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q|) a=b {
avc-4 t awi a = b Ges b = Z | b=Z Z=a%b;
avc-5 t fvM‡kl hw` 0 A_©¨vr Z = 0 a=b;
No
wK bv? Z = 0? b=Z;
nu¨v t 7g av‡c hv‡e|
Yes }
Output b While(b!=0);
bv t 4_© av‡c hv‡e|
printf(“%d”,a);
avc-6 t djvdj b cÖ`k©b Kwi| End getch( ); Input: 5, 4
avc-7 t mgvß| } Output : 1

While-Loop Do-While-Loop
1| While-Loop Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡gB Condition 1| Do-While-Loop Gi †ÿ‡Î c‡i Condition
Check Kiv nq| Check Kiv nq|
2| While-Loop Gi †ÿ‡Î Condition False n‡j 2| Gi †ÿ‡Î n‡j Condition False Kgc‡ÿ GKevi
wbev©n eÜ n‡q hvq| jyc wbe©vn nq|
3| Syntex t While (Condition) 3| Syntex t do {
{ Statement ;
Statement ; }
} While (Condition) ;

। “঴ুনযানগর ঴িবযব঵ার” ।

এক রাজা তার ক঱ানকনির একবার একটি পুকুর বািানত ব঱ন঱ি। পুকুর বািানিা কল঳ ঵ন঱ রানজয কঘা঳িা
নিন়ে কি়ো ঵ন঱া ক঴নিি রানতআ কযি ঴বাআ তানির বানড কথনক এক গ্লা঴ কনর িুধ নিন়ে এন঴ ক঴আ পুকুনর কঢন঱
কি়ে। রাজা ঴কা঱নব঱া তার প্রা঴ানির বারান্দা কথনক িুনধর পুকুর কিখনত চাি। ঴বার কানছ রাজার এআ নিনিড ল
কপৌনছ কি়ো ঵ন঱া। একন঱াক ভাবন঱া কয ঴বাআনতা গ্লান঴ কনর িুধ নিন়ে যানব, ক঴ যনি রানতর ঄ন্ধকানর ঱ুনকন়ে িুনধর
যা়েগা়ে পুকুনর এক গ্লা঴ পানি নিন়ে অন঴ তনব ককউআ তা বুঝনব িা। তাআ ক঴ ঴কন঱র ঴ানথ নগন়ে ঴বার ঄঱নক্ষয
এক গ্লা঴ পানি কঢন঱ নিন়ে এন঱া। ঴কা঱ কব঱া রাজা তার প্রা঴ানির বারান্দা়ে এন঴ ঵া঵াকার কনর উঠন঱া। তার
঴ানধর পুকুর শুধু পানি নিন়ে ভনতড নছ঱, ক঴খানি এক ক াাঁটা িুধও নছ঱ িা।
অ঴ন঱ ঴বাআ কভনবনছন঱া কয অর িুধ অমার - নিন়ে যাও়োর িরকার কিআ , ঄িযরা কতা পুকুনর িুধ
ঢা঱নবআ।
নলক্ষাঃ কছাটনব঱ার এআ গল্পটি কথনক এক গভীর নলক্ষা পাআ। যখি ককানিা ভান঱া কাজ করার ঴ুনযাগ অন঴,
তখি কভনবা িা কয অর ককউ এ কাজটি করনব, তাআ কতামার কষ্ট করার িরকার কিআ। বরং ভানবা কয ভা঱
কাজটা কতামার কথনকআ শুরু ঵নব, যনি তু নম িা কনরা তনব ককউ করনব িা।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 14

68
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

avc-1 t ïiæ| Start #include<stdio.h>

avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e x I y Gi gvb #include<conio.h>
MÖnb Kwi| Input x,y void main( )
avc-3 t x I y Gi g‡a¨ eo †KvbwU ? {
Yes No int x, y, L ;
nu¨v t x eo Z‡e gvb L Pj‡K ivwL| x>y?
L=x L=y scanf(“%d %d”,&x,&y);
bv t y eo Z‡e gvb L Pj‡K ivwL | L=(x>y)? x:y;
avc-4 t L = L+1 cÖ‡mm Kwi| while(1)
L = L+1
avc-5 t L ‡K x Øviv fvM Ki‡j 0 nq {
wK bv? if (L%x==0 && L%y==0)
nu¨v t 6ó av‡c hvB| L%x=0? {
No
bv t 4_© av‡c hvB| Yes printf(“%d%d%d”,x,y,L);
avc-6 t L ‡K y Øviv fvM Ki‡j 0 nq No L%y=0? break;
wK bv? Yes }
nu¨v t 7g av‡c hvB| ++L;
Output L
bv t 4_© av‡c hvB| getch( );
avc-6 t djvdj L cÖ`k©b Kwi| End }
Input: 5, 4
avc-7 t mgvß| Output: 20
13. ‡Kv‡bv mb wjcBqvi wKbv Zv †ei Kivi A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU© I C-Program wjL |
Dt “ A¨vjMwi`g ” “ ‡d¬vPvU© ” “C-Program Coding”

avc-1 t ïiæ| Start #include<stdio.h>

avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e Y Gi gvb #include<conio.h>
MÖnb Kwi| Input Year void main( )
avc-3 t hw` Y%400 = = 0 wKbv? {
nu¨v t 6ó av‡c hv‡e| int Y ;
bv t 4_© av‡c hv‡e| Yes No
Y%400 scanf(“%d”,&Y);
= =0
avc-4 t hw` Y%100!=0 Ges if(Y%400==0||(Y%100!=
Y%4= =0 wKbv? Y%100!=0 0&&Y%4==0))
nu¨v t 5g av‡c hv‡e| Yes Y%4= =0
printf(“%d Leap Year”,
bv t 6ó av‡c hv‡e| No Y);
else
avc-5 t Not Leap Year cÖ`k©b Leap Year Not Leap Year
printf(“%d Not Leap
Kwi|
Year”, Y);
avc-6 t Leap Year cÖ`k©b Kwi|
getch( );
avc-7 t mgvß| End } Input: 2017
Output: Not Leap Year

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 15

69
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-05 (Programing Language “C”)

avc-1 t ïiæ| Start

#include<stdio.h>
avc-2 t BbcyU wn‡m‡e N Gi gvb MÖnb #include<conio.h>
Kwi| Input N
void main( )
avc-3 t, awi F = 1 Ges i = 1 | F=1, i=1 {
avc-4 t F = F×i cÖ‡mm Kwi| int N,F,i ;
avc-5 t i = i+1 cÖ‡mm Kwi| F=F×i scanf (“%d”,&N);
F=1;
avc-6 t i Gi gvb N †P‡q ‡QvU wKbv? i=i+1
for(i=1;i<=N;i++)
nu¨v t 4_© av‡c hv‡e|
i<=N Yes F=F*i;
bv t 7g av‡c hv‡e| printf (“%d”,F);
NO
avc-6 t djvdj F cÖ`k©b Kwi| Output F getch( );
avc-7 t mgvß| }
Input: 7
End Output : 5040

“ উদ্যম ও দ্ক্ষত়া ”
একিা এক নবরাটাকার জা঵ানজ যানিক কগা঱নযাগ পনর঱নক্ষত ঵়ে। জা঵াজ কমরামনতর ঄নভপ্রান়ে মান঱নকর কচষ্টা়ে
ককাি ত্রুটি িৃনষ্টনগাচর ঵়েনি। অজ এক জিনক, কা঱ ঄িয জিনক , পরশু অনরকজিনক নিন়ে কচষ্টা চান঱ন়েআ যাআনতনছ঱।
নকন্তু কা঵ানরা পনক্ষআ এআ জা঵াজটিনক কমরামত করা ঴ম্ভব ঵আনতনছ঱ িা। কিল নবনিনলর নবনভন্ন নবনল঳েরা অপ্রাণ কচষ্টা
কনর়োও যখি ককাি কু঱ নকিারা কনরনত পানরনতনছ঱ িা তখি এক বৃদ্ধ ক঱ানকর ডাক পনর঱। কারণ বৃদ্ধার
কযৌবিকান঱ এমি একটি ঴ম঴যার ঴মাধাি কনর়োনছ঱ বন঱়ো জিশ্রুত অনছ।
বন়োবৃদ্ধ ভদ্রন঱াক নবলা঱ এক যিপানতর বাি ঱আ়ো ঵ানজর ঵আ়ো দ্রুতআ কানজ িানম়ো পনর঱। ক঴ আনিনির শুরু
঵আনত কল঳ পযডি খুবআ ঴তকড তার ঴ন঵ত পুঙ্খািুপুঙ্খ ভানব পরখ কনর়ো কিনখ঱। জা঵ানজর মান঱ক বৃদ্ধার ঴ন঵ত ঴বডক্ষণ
঱ানগ়ো থানক঱ এবং কবাঝার কচষ্টা কনর঱ বৃদ্ধা নকভানব জা঵াজ কমরামত কনরনব।
পনরিলডি কল঳ কনর়ো বৃদ্ধন঱াকটি তা঵ার নবলা঱ যিপানতর ব঵র ঵আনত একটি কছাট্ট ঵াতু নড বান঵র কনর়ো ধীনর
঴ুনে আনিনির নিনিড ষ্ট একটি জা়েগা়ে ঵াতু নড নি়ো কন়েকটা অঘাত প্রিাি কনর঱। ঴নে ঴নেআ আনিিটি ঴চ঱ ঵আ়ো
উঠি঱। কমড঴ম্পািনি বৃদ্ধা ঴াবধানি তা঵ার ঵াতু নড বযানগ রানখ঱। জা঵াজ ঴ারাআ ঴ু঴ম্পন্ন।
এক ঴প্তা঵ পর
জা঵ানজর মান঱ক ১ (এক) ঱ক্ষ টাকার একটি িড ঵ানত পাআ়ো কচাখ ছািাবডা। ঄঴ম্ভব!!! বুআডা কতা নকছু আ কনর
িাআ। ঴ামািয ঵াতু ডী নপটাআ়ো এত টাকা চা়ে?
বৃদ্ধার কানছ নব঱টি ক রত পাঠিন়ে ঄িুনরাধ করা ঵আন঱া “ি়ো কনর়ো তান঱কাবদ্ধ ভানব নব঱ প্রিাি করুণ।"
বৃদ্ধ়ার ববল:
঵াতু নডর বানর কি়োর জিয .................................................. ২০০.০০ টাকা
ককাথা়ে ঵াতু নড নিন়ে বানড নিনত ঵নব ক঴টা জািার জিয .... ৯৯,৮০০.০০ টাকা
এআ গনল্প অমরা নক নলখ঱াম?
উদ্যম অবশ্যই গুরুত্বপূর্থ , বিন্তু কি়ার়্ায উদ্যমী হলল অলযযর স়ালর্ বযলের প়ার্থ িয দ্ৃশ্যম়ায হলব কসট়া
ে়ায়াট়া অলযি কবশ্ী গুরুত্বপূর্থ।

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 16

70
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 1

1. ‡WUv Kx? A_ev,

5) msiwÿZ †WUv‡K cieZx©‡Z Avc‡WU Kiv hvq| 11. ‡WUv‡e‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb mg~n ‡jL|
6) ‡WUv‡e‡Ri Z_¨mg~n cÖ‡qvR‡b eo †_‡K †QvU ev †QvU Dt ‡WUv‡e‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb mg~n n‡jvt-
†_‡K eo AvKv‡i mvRv‡bv hvq| 1) ‡WUv (Data)|
7) ‡WUv web¨v‡m Aí mgq jv‡M I fyj nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg 2) ‡iKW© (Record)|
_v‡K| 3) wdì (Field)|
9. ‡WUv‡e‡R eënv‡ii myweav Amyweav mg~n †jL? 4) ‡WUv ‡Uwej (Data Table)|
Dt ‡WUv‡e‡R eënv‡ii myweav Amyweav mg~n n‡jv- 12. ‡WUv‡e‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb mg~‡ni msÁv mn e¨vL¨v `vI|
1) ‡WUv‡eR ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿbcÖvß I AwfÁ Rbej Dt ‡WUv‡e‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb mg~‡ni eYb©v-
‡bB|
‡WUv(Data)t †WUv †Uwe‡ji wewfbœ wd‡ì Avgiv hv BbcyU
2) mdUIq¨vi Amyweavi Kvi‡Y cÖwµqvKiY axiMwZm¤úbœ Kwi ZvB †WUv|
n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY t bvg, †ivj, wmwiqvj BZ¨vw`|
3) fyj ‡WUvi Kvi‡b A‡bK ai‡bi mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| wdì(Record)t ‡WUv msMV‡bi K‡qKwU Aÿi Gi mgwó
4) mdUIq¨vi •Zwi Kiv mevi c‡ÿ m¤¢e nq bv| A‡bK A_©¨vr †iK‡W©i ÿz`ªZg Ask n‡jv wdì|
mgq †ewk `vg w`‡q µq Ki‡Z nq| D`vniYt AvBwW, bvg, ‡ivj, †kÖbx BZ¨vw`|
‡iKW©(Field)t ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ K‡qKwU wd‡ìi mgš^‡q
5) ‡WUv‡e‡R msiwÿZ †WUv Pvwnev gvÎ cvIqv hvq|
MwVZ nq GK GKwU †iKW©|
10. ‡WUv‡eR eënvi mg~n †jL| D`vniYt †Kv‡bv e¨vw³i bvg, wVKvbv, †Uwj‡dvb, b¤î
Dt ‡WUv‡eR eënvi mg~n n‡jvt- BZ¨vw`|
1) miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b Z_¨ cÖwµqvKiY I msiÿb ‡WUv †Uwej ev dvBj(Data Table) t ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³
eë¯’vcbvq †WUv‡eR eënvi Kiv nq| KZ¸‡jv †iK‡W©i mgš^‡q MwVZ nq GKwU ‡WUv †Uwej ev
dvBj|
2) Kwgkb, A_© gš¿bvjq, wkÿv gš¿bvjq, cwimsL¨vb
ey¨‡iv, ißvwb Dbœqb ey¨‡iv, e¨vb‡eBR BZ¨vw`‡Z eënvi D`vnibt QvÎ fwZ© dvBj, †eZb dvBj, mKj ‡WUv mg~n
ev †iKW© |
Kiv nq|
Avgiv cixÿvi mgq wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk K‡i ‡`Lv‡ev|
3) e¨vsK I wegvq MÖvn‡Ki weeiY, e¨v‡jÝ, A¨vKvD›U,
†÷U‡g›U, †jvb, e¨vswKs †jb‡`b, †µwWU KvW© BZ¨vw` ID Name Roll Reg No Address
1 Rabbi 1701 23717 Dhaka
Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq|
2 Emon 1702 23626 Khulna
4) wewfbœ †gvevBj †Kv¤úvwb †WUv‡eR eënvi Kiv nq|
3 Rasel 1703 51484 Rongpur
5) ‡kqvi gv‡K©‡U †WUv‡eR eënvi Kiv nq|
6) we`y¨r, cvwb, †Uwj‡dvb eënv‡ii ‡iKW©, gvwmK wej ‡iKW© ‡WUv wdì ‡Uwej
BZ¨vw`|
wPÎ t ‡WUv‡e‡Ri wewfbœ Dcv`vb mg~n|
7) wkÿv cÖwZôvb, wkÿv †evW©, ‡iwR‡÷ªkb, djvdj
BZ¨vw`|
8) Gqvi jvBbm , †Uªb, †nv‡Uj BZ¨vw` wiRv©‡fkb wm‡÷g,
Avwg ejebv Avwg 1000 evi †n‡iwQ,
wmwWDwjs I †bUIqvwK©s‡q eënvi nq| Avwg ej‡ev †h Avwg 1000 wU Kvib †ei K‡iwQ|
----_gvm A¨vwWmb|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 3

72
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

13. ‡WUvi GbwUwU(Entity) Kx? 18. Kx wdì Kv‡K e‡j? KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
Dt Entity n‡”Q mËv hv w`‡q Ae‡R±‡K wPwüZ Kiv nq| Dt dvBj I †WUv‡e‡Ri †iKW© kbv³Ki‡bi Rb¨ †h wdì
†WUv †Wwej‡K wPwüZ Kivi Rb¨ †Uwe‡ji Rb¨ †h bvg eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K Kx wdì e‡j|
†Ìqv nq Zv‡K †WUvi GbwUwU e‡j|
19. Kx wdì KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx e¨vL¨v Ki?
‡hgbt GKRb Qv‡Îi bvg, †ivj,b¤î BZ¨vw` GbwUwU|
14. ‡WUv GbwUwU †mU(Entity Set) Kx? Dt Kx wdì mvavibZ 3 cÖKvi h_vt
K) cÖvBgvwi Kx wdì (Primary Key Field)|
Dt GK ev GKvwaK †WUvi GbwUwU †m‡Ui mgwó‡K GbwUwU
†mU e‡j| L) K‡¤úvwRU cÖvBgvwi Kx wdì (Composite Primary Key)
15. A¨vwUªweDU(Attribute) I ‡fjy¨(Value) Kv‡K e‡j? M) d‡ib Kx wdì (Foreign Key Field)|
Dt A¨vwUªweDU(Attribute)t GKwU GbwUwU †m‡Ui K) cÖvBgvwi Kx wdì t ‡WUv ‡Uwe‡ji †h wd‡ìi gvb mg~n
AšÍf©~³ cÖwZwU Ae‡R±‡K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj Øviv GKwU †iKW©‡K Ab¨vb¨ †iKW© †_‡K m¤ú~b©iæ‡c
•ewkó¨ eëüZ nq †mme •ewkó¨‡K A¨vwUªweDU e‡j| Avjv`v Kiv hvq †mB wdì‡K cÖvBgvwi Kx ejv nq|
‡hgbt Customer GKwU GbwUwU hvi A¨vwUªweDU¸‡jv A_ev,
n‡jv Account-Id, Name, Address BZ¨vw`| ‡h mKj wdì †Kv‡bv GKwU ‡iKW©‡K AwØZxqfv‡e
kbv³ K‡i Zv‡K cÖvBgvwi Kx e‡j|
‡fjy¨(Value) ev gvb t GKwU GbwUwU †m‡Ui cÖwZwU
A¨vwUªweDU cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ wbw`©ó kã ev msL¨v‡K A_ev,
‡fjy e‡j| †h mKj †WUvi gvb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv †mmKj
‡hgbt Account -Id A¨vwUªweD‡Ui GKwU gvb A-20766 †WUv‡K cÖvBgvwi Kx e‡j|
Ges Name A¨vwUªweD‡Ui gvb Sajjad BZ¨vw`| A_ev,
wPÎ t 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi †`L| ‡Kvb dvB‡j mvavibZ GK ev GKvwaK wdì _v‡K|
G wdì¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kgc‡ÿ GKwU wdì _vK‡e hvi WvUv-
16. GbwUwU-‡mU, A¨vwUªweDU, ‡fjy¨ Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© PvU© ¸‡jv AwØZxq, G ai‡bi wdìB cÖvBgvix Kx|
AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki|
‡hgbt GKRb QvÎ/QvÎxi †ivj bs GKR‡bi mv‡_
Entity Set Attribute Value
Av‡iKR‡bi wgj _v‡K bv ZvB †ivj bs cÖvBgwi Kx|
Customer Customer_Name Md.Sajjad
Serial_No SSN-120217 Name Roll Group
Customer_City Khulna Maysa 1001 Science
Account_Id A-20766 Mona 1002 Business
Nishi 1003 Arts
17. wdì I †iK‡W©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
wdì †iKW© cÖvBgvwi Kx wdì
1| wdì n‡jv KZ¸‡jv 1| ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ KZ¸‡jv L) K‡¤úvwRU cÖvBgvwi Kx wdì t `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK GwUªweDU
evBU ev Aÿ‡ii mgwó hv wdì wb‡q †iKW© •Zwi nq| ev wK Gi mgwó mw¤§wjZfv‡e †Kvb GbwUwU †mU‡K mbv³
A_© cÖKvk K‡i| Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e Zv‡ì‡K K‡¤úvwRU cÖvBgvwi Kx e‡j|
2| wdì n‡jv †WUv 2| †iKW© n‡jv me¸‡jv A_ev,
†Uwe‡ji Kjvg wk‡ivbvg| Kjv‡gi mgwš^Z GKwU mvwii
GKvwaK wd‡ìi mgš^‡q †h cÖvBgvwi wK MVb Kiv nq
gvb|
Zv‡K K‡¤úvwRU cÖvBgvwi Kx e‡j|
3| wdì Øviv cwic~b© Z_¨ 3| †iKW© Øviv cwic~b© Z_¨
cvIqv hvq bv| cvIqv hvq|
4| cÖwZwU wd‡ìi †WUvi 4| GKwU †iK‡W©i wewfbœ ‡hgbt †Kv‡bv Qv‡Îi bv‡gi mv‡_ Zvi wcZvi bvg mbv³
gvb GKB n‡q _v‡K| wd‡ìi gvb wfbœ wfbœ n‡Z Kiv ev hy³ KivB n‡”Q K‡¤úvwRU cÖvBgvwi Kx|
cv‡i|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 4
73
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)
Name Roll Father Name 5| †WUv mbv³Ki‡b 5| `ywU †Uwe‡ji g‡a¨
Maysa 1001 Nur Alam eëüZ nq| wi‡jkb •Zwi Ki‡Z
Mona 1002 Hamid
eëüZ nq|
Nishi 1003 Babul
6| GKwU †Uwe‡j GKwU 6| GKwU †Uwe‡j wewfbœ
K‡¤úvwRU Kx wdì gvÎ cÖvBgvwi Kx _v‡K| †Uwe‡ji GKvwaK d‡ib Kx
_vK‡Z cv‡i|
M) d‡ib Kx wdìt ‡WUv‡e‡Ri GKwU dvB‡ji cÖvBgvwi Kx 21. ‡c‡i›U(Parent) I PvBì(Child) †Uwej Kv‡K e‡j?
wdì Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †WUv dvB‡ji mvavib wdì wn‡m‡e
Dt GKwU †Uwe‡ji cÖvBgvwi Kx hw` Ab¨ †Uwe‡j eëüZ nq
eënvi Kiv nq, Zv n‡j H wdì‡K d‡ib Kx wdì e‡j|
ZLb H Kx-‡K cÖ_g †Uwe‡ji mv‡c‡ÿ wØZxq †Uwe‡ji
A_ev, d‡ib Kx e‡j| GLv‡b cÖ_g †Uwej‡K †c‡i›U Ges wØZxq
GKwU ‡Uwe‡ji cÖvBgvix Kx Ab¨ †WUv †Uwe‡j mvavib Kx †Uwej‡K PvBì †Uwej e‡j|
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq Zvn‡j G Kx-‡K d‡ib Kx ejv nq| 22. DBMS ev ‡WUv‡em g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g Kv‡K e‡j?
A_ev,
Dt DBMS Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv DataBase Management
wi‡jkbvj †Uwe‡ji ‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv GKwU †Uwe‡ji System| DBMS n‡”Q ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ Z_¨ GK‡mm,
cÖvBgvwi wK hw` Ab¨ †Uwe‡j eëüZ nq ZLb H wK †K msiÿb, wbqš¿b Ges cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
cÖ_g †Uwe‡ji mv‡c‡ÿ wØZxq †Uwe‡ji d‡ib wK e‡j| †cÖvMÖv‡gi mgwó‡K ‡WUv‡em g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g e‡j|
‡hgbt GKRb QvÎ/QvÎxi ¯‹y‡ji †ivj bs Zvi ¯‹z‡j 23. ‡WUv‡em md&UIq¨vi Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖvBgvwi Kx Ges ‡ev‡W©i ‡iwRt bs d‡ib wK, Avi †ev‡W©i
Kv‡Q ‡iwRt bs cÖvBgvwi wK Avi ¯‹z‡ji †ivj d‡ib Kx| Dt †h md&UIq¨v‡ii mvnv‡h¨ †Kvb †WUv msiÿb K‡i
cÖ‡qvRbvbymv‡i H¸‡jv mvRv‡bv ev Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq Zv‡K
Class Bord Class †WUv‡eR md&UIq¨vi e‡j|
Name Board GPA
Roll Roll Roll 24. DBMS Gi cÖavb KvR mg~n Kx Kx?
101 Saju Jessor 115488 101 5.00
102 Jafar Jessor 114525 102 4.50 Dt DBMS Gi cÖavb wZbwU KvR n‡”Q-
103 Rafiq Dhaka 245754 103 4.80
104 Sohel Shylet 157532 104 5.00
K) †WU‡eR m„Rb|
L) †WUv‡eR B›Uv‡iv‡Mkb I
cÖvBgvix Kx cÖvBgvix Kx d‡ib Kx
M) †WU‡eR iÿbv‡eÿb|
wPÎ t ¯‹z‡ji dvBj wPÎ t ‡ev‡W©i dvBj 25. DBMS ‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
20. cÖvBgvwi Kx I d‡ib Kx Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL| Dt DBMS ‡K 3 fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
cÖvBgvwi Kx d‡ib Kx h_vt
1| †h Kx w`‡q wbw`©ó 1| GKwU ‡Uwe‡ji cÖvBgvix K)K¬v‡q›U mvf©vi †WUv‡eR(Client Server Database)|
GbwUwUi †Kvb GbwUwU Kx Ab¨ †WUv †Uwe‡j L) wWw÷ªweD‡UW †WU‡eR (Distributed Database ) |
†mU‡K m¤ú~b©iæ‡c kbv³ mvavib Kx wn‡m‡e eëüZ M) I‡qe Gbvej †WUv‡eR (Web Enable Database)|
Kiv hvq Zv‡K cÖvBgvwi nq Zvn‡j G Kx-‡K d‡ib
26. DBMS ‡Kvb †Kvb md&UIq¨v‡ii gva¨‡g KvR Kv‡i?
Kx e‡j| Kx ejv nq|
2| G wd‡ìi cÖ‡Z¨KwU 2| GwU me©`v cÖvBgvwi Kx- Dt IivKj (Oracle), gvBGmwKDGj(MySql), GgGm-
‡fjy¨ Unique NULL ‡K ‡idvi K‡i| wKDGj(Ms-Sql), gvB‡µvmdU G‡·m (Microsoft
ev AwØZxq| Access),d·‡cÖv(FoxPro) BZ¨vw`|
3| GwU NULL bq| 3| GwU NULL |
4|GwU Parent A_©¨vr 4| GwU Child A_©¨vr
wcZv| wkï|
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 5
74
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

27. DBMS Gi cÖv_wgK KvRmg~n Kx Kx? 31. RDBMS Gi •ewkó¨ mg~n †jL?
Dt DBMS Gi cÖv_wgK KvR¸‡jv n‡jv- Dt RDBMS Gi •ewkó¨ mg~n n‡jv-
1) ‡WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv, †WUv Gw›Uª Kiv Ges †WUv msiÿb 1) mn‡R GK †WUv‡eR n‡Z Ab¨ †WUv‡e‡R Z_¨ Av`vb-
Kiv| cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|
2) ‡WUvi fyj AbymÜvb I ms‡kvab Kiv| 2) mn‡R †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv hvq|
3) AcÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv/‡iKW© wWwjU Kiv| 3) mn‡R †Uwe‡j •Zwi K‡i †WUv Gw›Uª Kiv hvq|
4) wbw`©ó †WUv/‡iKW© mvwP©s ev AbymÜvb Ges Kz‡qwi Kiv| 4) cÖvBgvwi Kx wd‡ìi gva¨‡g †WUv‡e‡Ri dvBjmg~‡ni
5) wi‡cvU© ‣Zwi I wcÖ›U Kiv| g‡a¨ wi‡jkb ‣Zwi Kiv hvq|
6) ‡WUv‡eR‡K †Kvb wd‡ìi wfwË‡Z mvRv‡bv| 5) AmsL¨ †WUvi ga¨ †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv Z_¨ Luy‡R cvIqv
7) ‡WUv Wzwcø‡Kkb Kgv‡bv| hvq|
8) cÖ‡qvR‡b m¤ú~b© †WUv‡eR ev †WUv‡e‡Ri Askwe‡kl 6) cQ›`gZ wi‡cvU© •Zwi Kiv hvq|
wcÖ›U Kiv| 7) ‡WUv Gw›Uªi Rb¨ Kv÷gvBR dig wWRvBb Kiv hvq|
9) ‡WUv‡eR Avc‡WU Kiv|
8) ‡gby weìv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ mn‡R †gby •Zwi Kiv hvq|
10) ‡WUvi wbivcËv weavb Kiv Ges eënviKvix wbqš¿b
Kiv| 9) wi‡cvU© mn‡R PvU©,MÖvd, cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq|
11) ‡WUvi Backup I Recovery Kiv| 10) wewfbœ M¨vwbwZK I jwRK¨vj KvR Kiv hvq|
28. wi‡jkvb †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g(RDBMS) 32. ‡WUv UvBc Kx? Gi e¨vL¨v `vI|
Kv‡K e‡j? Dt †WUv‡eR cÖwZwU wd‡ìi ai‡bi ev Zvi •ewkó¨ n‡”Q †WUv
Dt ‡WUv‡e‡R GKvwaK †Uwe‡j GKwU wbw`©ó wd‡ìi UvBc| wb‡P †WUv UvB‡ci eY©bv †Ìqv n‡jv-
(cÖvBgvwi I d‡ib Kx) Dci wfwË K‡i m¤úK© ¯’vcb Kiv‡K 1) ‡U·U/K¨v‡i±vi(Text Character)t †U·U K¨v‡i±vi
RDBMS e‡j| wd‡ì Aÿi, msL¨v, wPü, BZ¨vwì eënvi Kiv hvq|
‡hgbt IivKj (Oracle), gvBGmwKDGj(MySql), mvavibZ G wd‡ì m‡e©v”P 255 eY© ev A¼ ev wPü
GgGm-GmwKDGj(Ms-Sql), gvB‡µvmdU G‡·m GKKfv‡e ev mw¤§wjZfv‡e e¨venvi Kiv hvq|
(Microsoft Access),d·‡cÖv(FoxPro) BZ¨vw`| 2) bv¤^vi ev wbD‡gwiK(Number Numeric)t bv¤^vi ev
Avwe¯‹viKt 1960 mv‡j W. GWMvi †KvW (Dr. Edger wbD‡gwiK wd‡ì †hvM ev we‡qvM wPümn c~b© msL¨v †hvM,
Codd)| we‡qvM, ¸b I fvM Kiv hvq|
29. ‡WUv‡eR ‡cÖvMÖvg KZfv‡e •Zwi Kiv hvq? 3) nu¨v/bv ev hyw³g~jK(Yes/No or Logical)t †Kv‡bv
wd‡ìi gvb Ònu¨vÓ A_ev ÒbvÓ G `ywU Z_¨ wd‡ì msiÿb
Dt ‡WUv‡eR ‡cÖvMÖvg wZbfv‡e •Zwi Kiv hvq- Kiv hvq| mZ¨/wg_¨v ev nu¨v/bv Z‡_ï Rb¨-
h_vt K) Database Wizard ‡_‡K †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv|  True/False
L) ‡gby †_‡K †WU‡eR •Zwi Kiv|
 Yes/No
M) ‡WUv‡eR j¨vs¸‡qR w`‡q †WUv‡eR •Zwi Kiv|
 On/Off
30. RDBMS Kx?
4) ZvwiL ev mgq(Date/Time)t G wdìwU ZvwiL ev mg‡qi
Dt RDBMS Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Relation DataBase Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq| 100 †_‡K 9999 ZvwiL I mg‡qi
Management System| RDBMS n‡”Q ci¯úi Rb¨ G wdì eëüZ nq|
m¤úK©hy³ Z_¨ I †mB Z_¨¸‡jv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi R‡b¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq RwUj †MÖvMÖv‡gi mgwó‡K RDBMS e‡j|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 6

75
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

5) ‡g‡gv(Memo)t mvavibZ weeibg~jK †jLv ev eY©bvi 36. dg© I wi‡cv‡U©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
Rb¨ G wd‡ìi eënvi Kiv nq| mvavibZ G wd‡ì dg© wi‡cvU©
65,535wU K¨v‡i±vi †jLv hvq|
1| dg© †Uwe‡ji †iKW© 1| †Uwe‡j BbcyUK…Z †iKW©
6) K¨v‡iwÝ(Currency)t ïay gy`vª ev UvKv msµvšÍ †WUv BbcyU †Ìqvi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`b AvKv‡i cÖKvk
Gw›Uª Kivi Rb¨ Currency UvBc wm‡j± Ki‡Z nq| eëüZ nq| Kivi Rb¨ wi‡cvU©
7) OLE Objectt OLE Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Object eëüZ nq|
Linking and Embedding| Gg.Gm.IqvW©, d‡Uvkc, 2| dg© eënvi K‡i 2| wKš‘ wi‡cvU© w`‡q
mn wewfbœ †cÖvMÖv‡gi dvBj, Qwe, MÖvd, BZ¨vw` hy³ Kiv †Uwej †_‡K †iKW© †Uwe‡ji ‡iKW© ¸‡jv‡K
hvq| cwieZ©b I gy‡Q ‡djv ïay †`Lv hvq|
8) Lookup Wizard t Gi mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv †WUv UvBc Øviv hvq|
†Uwej n‡Z †Kv‡bv gvb ms‡hvRb Kiv hvq|
9) Auto Number t G Gw›UªK…Z †iK‡W©i cwigvb 37. ‡WUv‡eR g‡Wj Kv‡K e‡j? GwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
mswµqfv‡e MYbv Kivi Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq| Dt †WUv‡eR G web¨vm‡K mwVKfv‡e ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
wewfbœ MV‡b †WUvmg~n msiÿb Kiv nq| GB MVb¸‡jv‡K
†WUv g‡Wj ejv nq|
‡WUv‡e‡R g‡Wj 4 cÖKvi
h_vt K) wj÷ ÷ªKPvi g‡Wj|
L) wUª g‡Wj|
M) ‡bUIqvK© g‡Wj|
N) wi‡jkbvj g‡Wj|
38. ‡WUv‡eR A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªUi(DBA) Kv‡K e‡j?
wPÎ t †WUv UvBc mg~n|
Dt †Kv‡bv DBMS G †h e¨vw³ ev cÖwZôv‡b †WUv‡eR
33. dg©(Form) Kx? eë¯’vcbvi mvwe©K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i Zv‡K Database
Dt †Kv‡bv †WUv‡e‡Ri mdUIq¨v‡i ‡WUv BbcyU Kivi Rb¨ Administrator ejv nq|
A_ev mvgwqK †Kv‡bv g¨v‡mR cÖ`k©‡bi K‡i Zv‡K dg© 39. SQL Query Kx?
e‡j| GQvov A‡bK di‡gi ‡j‡e‡j Avgviv wi‡cvU© cÖ`k©b
Dt SQL k‡ãi c~b©iæc n‡jv Structure Query
Ki‡Z cvwi| myZivs dig †WUv‡e‡Ri GKwU AZ¨vek¨Kxq
Language| GwU AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx †WUv g¨vwbwcD‡jkb,
Ask|
†WUv ‡Wwdwbkb, †WUv K‡›Uªvj, †WUv Uªvb‡RKkb fvlv|
34. wi‡cvU©(Report) Kx? GwU wewfbœ †kÖbxi Kvh© m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ eëüZ nq|
Dt ‡WUv‡eR †Uwe‡j BbcyUK…Z †iKW© cÖwZ‡e`b AvKv‡i †hgbt †WUv mwbœ‡ekb Kiv, cwieZ©b I gy‡Q †djv,
cÖKvk Kivi cÖwµqv‡K wi‡cvU© e‡j| †WUv‡e‡R Ae‡R± •Zwi Kiv, ms‡kvab Kiv I ‡WUv‡e‡R
35. Kz‡qwi(Query) Kx? wbðqZv cÖ`vb Kiv BZ¨vw`|
Dt ‡Kv‡bv †WUv‡e‡R msiwÿZ wecyj †WUv †_‡K Lye `ªæZ I 40. mwU©s(Sorting) Kv‡K e‡j?
mnR Dcv‡q †h‡Kv‡bv †WUv Luy‡R †ei Kivi c×wZ‡K Dt Sorting n‡jv mvRv‡bv cÖwµqv| ‡WUv‡e‡Ri †WUv‡K
Query e‡j| wb¤œµg (Ascending) ev DaŸ©µg (Descending) AW©v‡i
mvRv‡bvi cÖwµqv‡K Sorting e‡j|

Kx ‡c‡Z cvwi bq;

Òeis Kx w`‡Z cvwiÓ \
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 7
76
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

Dt †WUv dvB‡ji BbcyUK…Z †iK‡W©i µwgK bs Gi †Kv‡bv gvb GKB n‡q _v‡K| wd‡ìi gvb wfbœ wfbœ n‡Z
iæc cwieZ©b Qvov wbw`©ó wbq‡g ‡iKW©‡K mvRv‡bvi cv‡i|
c×wZ‡K Bb‡Ww·s e‡j|
44. ‡WUv‡eR wi‡jkb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx e¨vL¨v `vI|
42. Bb‡Ww·s I mwU©s Gi cv_©K¨ wjL|
Dt †WUv †Uwe‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i wi‡jkb‡K 4 fv‡M fvM
Bb‡Ww·s mwU©s Kiv hvq|
1| Bb‡Ww·s n‡jv g~j 2| mwU©s n‡jv †WUv †Uwe‡ji h_vt K) One to One Relation|
†Uwej AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L †iKW©¸‡jv‡K †Kvb wba©vwiZ
GK ev GKvwaK wdì wdì Abymv‡i wb¤œµg ev L) One to Many Relation|
Abymv‡i †iKW© ¸‡jv DaŸ©µg Abymv‡i mvRv‡bv| M) Many to One Relation|
mvRv‡bvi cÖwµqv| N) Many to Many Relation|
2| g~j †WUv dvB‡ji 2| g~j †WUv dvB‡ji K) One to One Relation t hw` †Kv‡bv †WUv‡e‡Ri
†iK‡W©i µwgK bv¤^vi †iK‡W©i µwgK bv¤^vi †Kv‡bv GKwU †Uwe‡ji GKwU †iKW© Aci GKwU ‡WUv
cwieZ©b nq bv| cwieZ©b nq| †Uwe‡ji GKwU gvÎ †iK‡W©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z _v‡K Z‡e
3| †WUv‡eR dvB‡ji 3| †WUv‡eR dvB‡ji Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h wi‡jkbwkc ¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K ejv nq
G‡jv‡g‡jv †iKW©¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv †iKW©¸‡jv One to One wi‡jkb|
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e `ªæZ mvRv‡bvi Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e L) One to Many Relation t hw` †Kv‡bv †WUv‡e‡Ri
mvRv‡bv hvq| ‡ewk mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †Kv‡bv GKwU †Uwe‡ji GKwU †iKW© Ab¨ GK ev GKvwaK
4| ‡WUv‡eR dvB‡ji 4| mU©K…Z g~j †WUv‡eR †WUv †Uwe‡ji GKvwaK †iK‡W©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z _v‡K Z‡e
Bb‡W· Ki‡j bZzb dvBjwU web¨vmK…Z Ae¯’vq Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h wi‡jkbwkc ¯’vcb Kiv nq Zv‡K One to
Bb‡W· dvBj ‣Zwi nq †g‡gvwi‡Z msiwÿZ nq| Many wi‡jkb e‡j|
Ges g~j †WUv‡eR dvBj M) Many to One Relation t hw` †Kv‡bv †WUv
AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| †Uwe‡ji GKvwaK †iKW© Aci GK ev GKvwaK †WUv
5| Bb‡W·K…Z †WUv‡e‡R 5| mwU©s Kiv †WUv‡e‡R †Uwe‡ji GKwU †iK‡W©i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z nq ZLb Zv‡ì
bZzb †Kvb †iKW© bZzb †Kvb †iKW© mwbœ‡ewkZ ga¨Kvi wi‡jkb‡K Many to One wi‡jkb e‡j|
mwbœ‡ewkZ Ki‡j A_ev Ki‡j A_ev ms‡kvab Ki‡j N) Many to Many Relation t †Kvb †Uwe‡j GKvwaK
ms‡kvab Ki‡j ¯^qswµqfv‡e Avc‡WU nq †iK‡W©i mv‡_ Ab¨ †Kvb †Uwe‡ji GKvwaK †iK‡W©i
¯^qswµqfv‡e Avc‡WU bv| m¤úK©‡K Many to Many wi‡jkb e‡j|
nq|
Husband Wife
43. wdì I †iK‡W©i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
One-to-One Relationship
wdì †iKW©
Videos Customer
1| wdì n‡jv KZ¸‡jv 1| ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³
Many-to-Many Relationship
evBU ev Aÿ‡ii mgwó hv KZ¸‡jv wdì wb‡q †iKW©
Mother Children
A_© cÖKvk K‡i| •Zwi nq|
One-to-Many Relationship
2| wdì n‡jv †WUv 2| †iKW© n‡jv me¸‡jv
†Uwe‡ji Kjvg wk‡ivbvg| Kjv‡gi mgwš^Z GKwU Many-to-One Relationship
mvwii gvb| wPÎ t All Relations Chart|
3| wdì Øviv cwic~b© Z_¨ 3| †iKW© Øviv cwic~b© Z_¨
cvIqv hvq bv| cvIqv hvq|

MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 8

77
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

45. K‡c©v‡iU †WUv‡eR Kv‡K e‡j? 48. ‡WUv wmwKDwiwU Kx? KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
Dt cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msiÿb I Zv eënv‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl Dt ‡WUv‡K mevi Rb¨ cÖ`k©b ev cwieZ©b Kiv Db¥y³ Kiv
mdUIq¨vi Øviv ‣ZwiK…Z eûgyLx myweavm¤úbœ †WUv‡eR bvI n‡Z cv‡i, ïay Aby‡gvw`Z e¨vw³ e¨wZZ Ab¨‡ì †_‡K
g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g‡K K‡cv©‡iU †WUv‡eR e‡j| †WUvi myiÿv‡K †WUv wmwKDwiwU e‡j|
D`vnibt Avgiv GwUGg ey_ †_‡K UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kwi †mB A_ev,
†WUv Avgv‡ì ‡iK‡W© Gw›Uª nq| GwU GKwU B›Uvi‡bU AvbA_vivBRW AbvKvw•ÿZ e¨vw³i nvZ †_‡K †WUv‡K gy³
wfwËK †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g| hv eo eo ivLvi c×wZ‡K ‡WUv wmwKDwiwU e‡j| mvavibZ †WUvi
G›UvicÖvBR ev K‡cv©‡iU cÖwZóvb| †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv eë¯’vi c×wZ‡K †WUv wmwKDwiwU
†hgb: e¨vsK, exgv, gvwëb¨vkbvj †Kv¤úvwb, miKvwi e‡j|
cÖwZôvb, GbwRI Ges †bUIqvwK©s Øviv cwiPvwjZ| 49. ‡WUv wmwKDwiwU KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
46. K‡cv©‡iU †WUv‡eR ‡Kvb †Kvb Kv‡R eëüZ nq? Dt ‡WUv wmwKDwiwU 2 cÖKvi
Dt †h mKj Kv‡R K‡cv©‡iU †WUv‡eR eëüZ nq- h_vt K) wm‡÷g wmwKDwiwU|
1) RvZxq cwiPqc‡Îi Qwe I Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| L) †WUv wmwKDwiwU|
K) wm‡÷g wmwKDwiwUt †WUv‡eR wm‡÷g †j‡e‡j †WUv
2) evwoi †nvwìs bv¤^vi, f~wg U¨v·, AvqKi cÖf„wZ Z_¨
eënvi Kivi Rb¨ wbivcËvg~jK eë¯’v‡K wm‡÷g
msiÿ‡b| wmwKDwiwU e‡j|
3) f~wg Rwic I g¨vcmsµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| ‡hgbt †WUv‡eR wm‡÷g eënv‡ii Rb¨ Aby‡gvw`Z wKbv,
4) Acivag~jK Kg©Kv‡Û RwoZ e¨w³‡ì Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| eënviKvixi bvg I cvmIqvW© cixÿv Kiv BZ¨vw`|
5) Av`gïgvwi, K…wlïgvwi I A_©‣bwZK Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| L) †WUv wmwKDwiwUt †WUv wmwKDwiwU Ae‡R± †j‡e‡j
6) e¨vb‡eBR (BANBEIS= Bangladesh Bureau of †WUv‡e‡Ri GK‡mm I eënvi wbqš¿b K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î
Education Information and Statistics) G wewfbœ †Kv‡bv eënviKvix Kx Kx Ae‡R± eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e
wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| Ges Kx ai‡bi A¨vKkb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K †WUv
wmwKDwiwU e‡j|
7) ‡kqvi gv‡K©‡Ui Z_¨, AvqKi, Kv÷gm I Avg`vwb- A_ev,
ißvwb msµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| ‡WUvi †MvcbxqZv I wbivcËv eë¯’vi c×wZ‡K ejv nq
8) miKvwi Avq-e¨q, ivR¯^ Av`vq Ges ev‡RU msµvšÍ †WUv wmwKDwiwU|
Z_¨ msiÿ‡b| ‡hgbt awi „A‟ bv‡gi GKRb eënviKvix
9) mvgwiK evwnbxi f~wg, ‣mb¨ I Acv‡ikb msµvšÍ Z_¨ „Student‟†WUv‡e‡Ri †WUv †`L‡Z cvi‡e, wKšÍy gyQ‡Z
msiÿ‡b| cvi‡e bv|
50. ‡WUv Gbwµckb Kv‡K e‡j?
10) AvBb, Av`vjZ I gvgjv msµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿ‡b
Dt †WUvi wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ †WUv‡K Drm n‡Z
BZ¨vw`|
MšÍ‡e¨ †cÖi‡bi c~‡e© †h we‡kl c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b Kiv hvq
47. HRMS Kv‡K e‡j? Zv‡K †WUv Gbwµkb c×wZ ejv nq|
Dt HRMS Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv Human Resource A_ev,
Management System| gvbe m¤úK© Kvh©µg¸‡jv‡K ‡WUv Gbwµckb n‡jv GKwU cÖwµqv, †hLv‡b †cøBb
wbqš¿‡bi Rb¨ †h Z_¨ I c×wZ eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K †U·U †WUv¸‡jv mvBdvi †U·U †WUv‡Z iæcvšÍwiZ nq-
wnDg¨vb wi‡mvm© Bbdi‡gkb wm‡÷g ev HRMS e‡j| hv‡Z K‡i GwU me©mvavi‡bi covi †ÿ‡Î `y‡e©va¨ n‡q I‡V
‡hgbt cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©i ‡iKW© msiÿb, Kgx© g~j¨vqb, hv‡Z K‡i ‡KD Zv‡Z AhvwPZ n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
Kg©KZ©v ev Kg©Pvix‡ì cÖwkÿb Ges Zv‡ì myweav I D`vniYt GbwµÞ K‡i SAJJAD kãwU‡K †jLv hvq
ÿwZc~ib BZ¨vw` e¨ve¯’vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i HRMS| TBKKBE| G‡ÿ‡Î ÔcieZx©Õ AÿiÕ‡K †KvwWs c×wZ
wn‡m‡e †e‡Q †bIqv n‡q‡Q| †hgb- S Gi cieZx© Aÿi
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 9
78
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir
ICT
Coaching ICT Coaching Center ICT
Coaching
Center Khalishpur, Khulna Center
HSC ICT Chapter-06 (Database Management System)

Gi cieZx© Aÿi E| TBKKBE Kv‡RB _vK‡j wWwµÞ Data_of_birth Date);
K‡i eyS‡Z n‡e †mwU Avm‡j SAJJAD| 57. SQL KgvÛ eënvi mg~n ?
51. Gbwµckb w¯‹‡gi aib KqwU I Kx Kx? Dt 1. ict bv‡g †WUv‡eR ‣Zwi Kiv:
Dt Gbwµckb w¯‹g 2 ai‡bi CREATE DATABASE ict;
h_vt K) wm‡gwUªK ev wm‡µU-Kx Gbwµckb| D`vnibt Student Table Gi me Z_¨ †`L‡Z PvB‡j
L) A¨vwm‡gwUªK ev cvewjK-Kx Gbwµckb| Select From Student|
52. wiKfvix (Recovery) Kv‡K e‡j? 2. Table •Zwi Kivt
Dt ‡Kv‡bv Kvi‡b Kw¤úDUvi APj n‡q c‡o ‡WUv‡e‡Ri CREATE TABLE Student
†WUv nvwi‡q hvq| wKšÍy we‡kl eë¯’vq we‡kl c×wZi (
mvnv‡h¨ nvwi‡q hvIqv †WUv‡K c~biæ×vi Kiv‡K †WUv StudentID int,
wiKfvix e‡j| StudentName varchar(50),
FatherName varchar(50),
53. ‡WUv Gbwµck‡bi Dcvq mg~n ‡jL| Address varchar(255),
Dt †WUv GbwµÞ Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK¸‡jv c×wZ cÖPwjZ Class varchar(15)
Av‡Q- );
‡hgbt- K) wmRvi †KvW| D`vnibt Student Table Gi Name Field †`L‡Z
PvB‡j- Select Name From Student;
L) †WUv Gbwµckb ÷¨vÛvW©|
3. Table Gi wbw`ó© data Delete †djvt
M) wUªcj wWBGm A¨vWfvÝW Gbwµckb ÷¨vÛvW©|
DELETE FROM table_name;(student)
N) B›Uvib¨vkbvj †WUv Gbwµckb A¨vjMwi`g|
DELETE FROM Customers
54. QBE Kx?
WHERE CustomerName=„Rabbi‟ AND
Dt QBE Gi c~b©iæc n‡jv- Query By Example| Gi
ContactName=„Rasel‟;
gva¨‡g eënviKix Kx Ki‡Z Pvq Zvi eY©bv Example
58. Parameter Query Kx?
Abymv‡i Query †jLv nq|
Dt WvqjM e‡·i g‡a¨ wewfbœ c¨vivwgUvi wba©vib K‡i †h
55. wdwRK¨vj wWRvBb Kv‡K e‡j?
Kz‡qwi cwiPvjbv Kiv nq Zv‡K Parameter Query e‡j|
Dt †WUv Kxfv‡e m~iwÿZ, msM„nxZ, cwieZ©b I `ªæZ mg‡q
59. Literal Kx?
‡WUv Avnib Kivi e¨vL¨v‡KB wdwRK¨vj wWRvBb e‡j|
Dt †h mKj ‡fjy¨ ‡K †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g‡›U- h_vh_fv‡e
56. SQL KgvÛ eënvi K‡i †WUv‡Uwej •Zwii e¨vL¨v `vI?
†mB ‡fjy¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡K Literal e‡j|
Dt g‡bKwi Teacher A_Section bv‡gi GKwU
†WUv‡Uwej ‣Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e| †h †UwejwU‡Z bvg, †ivj,
wcZvi bvg, Rb¥ZvwiL GB PviwU wdì _vK‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î Avgvi Ògw¯Í¯‹Ó GK Abb¨
mv‡_ bZzb †Uwej ‣Zwii KgvÛ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| mycvi •Re ÒKw¤úDUviÓ|
bZzb †Uwej •Zwi Ki‡Z †M‡j SQL G “creat Avgvi mKj Òmvd‡jïÓ
table” KgvÛ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvn‡j †h KgvÛ wbf©i‡hvM¨ Òmn‡hvMxÓ|
eënvi K‡i †UwejwU •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi wb¤œiæc:-
Creat table A_Section ( --- †Kvqv›Uvg ‡g_W|
Name char (2u),
Roll numeric (5),
MD.SAJJAD MAHMUD |Any Solution Call Me| 01937-230066, 01674-075600 10
79
FB Fan & Group Page| https://www.facebook.com/ictsajjadsir/| https://www.facebook.com/groups/ictsajjadsir

Final Math MCQ All Chapter SSC
100% (1)
Final Math MCQ All Chapter SSC
62 pages
3.HSC - English 1st Paper-2025
100% (8)
3.HSC - English 1st Paper-2025
6 pages
HSC Ict MCQ
93% (15)
HSC Ict MCQ
29 pages
HSC ICT Chapter 5 Note (Only Important)
87% (23)
HSC ICT Chapter 5 Note (Only Important)
20 pages
Ict Chapter-1-Note
100% (7)
Ict Chapter-1-Note
11 pages
HSC Math MCQ 2nd Paper
100% (1)
HSC Math MCQ 2nd Paper
49 pages
English Final Suggestion - 1st Paper (HSC)
No ratings yet
English Final Suggestion - 1st Paper (HSC)
80 pages
HSC ICT Chapter 4 (Tag & Important Things)
100% (10)
HSC ICT Chapter 4 (Tag & Important Things)
11 pages
HSC ICT Practical 2017 HTML Writing
64% (11)
HSC ICT Practical 2017 HTML Writing
8 pages
Ict Chapter-2 (Note)
100% (1)
Ict Chapter-2 (Note)
27 pages
Vocabulary HSC 22 PDF
91% (11)
Vocabulary HSC 22 PDF
28 pages
B Unit-DU Model Test-01 & 02 MCQ, Written Solution
100% (2)
B Unit-DU Model Test-01 & 02 MCQ, Written Solution
14 pages
English 1st Paper - SSC Exclusive Suggestion
80% (10)
English 1st Paper - SSC Exclusive Suggestion
5 pages
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 05
100% (4)
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 05
16 pages
Important Information For All Chapter HSC Ict MCQ Question With Answer
75% (4)
Important Information For All Chapter HSC Ict MCQ Question With Answer
5 pages
HSC Ict Note by Seeam01
100% (5)
HSC Ict Note by Seeam01
4 pages
Model Questions (1st) 1-74
100% (1)
Model Questions (1st) 1-74
253 pages
Assignment #7: Advanced Engineering Mathematics II Fall 1400
No ratings yet
Assignment #7: Advanced Engineering Mathematics II Fall 1400
2 pages
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 06
67% (3)
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 06
10 pages
ICT Coaching Center: Khalishpur, Khulna
100% (1)
ICT Coaching Center: Khalishpur, Khulna
9 pages
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 02
100% (1)
HSC ICT Sheet Chapter 02
31 pages
Chapter 4
100% (1)
Chapter 4
24 pages
Chapter-4 - HTML
100% (2)
Chapter-4 - HTML
30 pages
ICT 3rd Chapter Exam
33% (3)
ICT 3rd Chapter Exam
2 pages
HSC English 2nd Test Paper
100% (2)
HSC English 2nd Test Paper
145 pages
Ict MCQ
No ratings yet
Ict MCQ
140 pages
Chemistry First Paper Chapter 2 Short Question
100% (4)
Chemistry First Paper Chapter 2 Short Question
16 pages
HSC Programming Language Practical
100% (2)
HSC Programming Language Practical
9 pages
HSC Physics 1st Paper Chapter 8 Creative Questions
No ratings yet
HSC Physics 1st Paper Chapter 8 Creative Questions
14 pages
HSC English 1st Part Full Model Test 2
50% (6)
HSC English 1st Part Full Model Test 2
2 pages
HSC 24-Bangla-1st-Paper-MCQ Suggestion
89% (9)
HSC 24-Bangla-1st-Paper-MCQ Suggestion
21 pages
PAVEL'S 250 Prepositions PDF (Most Important)
100% (6)
PAVEL'S 250 Prepositions PDF (Most Important)
6 pages
2nd Paper Chapter 9 Atomic Model and Nuclear Physics
100% (3)
2nd Paper Chapter 9 Atomic Model and Nuclear Physics
10 pages
FRB-ICT-Chapter-3 - Without Solve
No ratings yet
FRB-ICT-Chapter-3 - Without Solve
21 pages
HSC 2024 Suggestion
No ratings yet
HSC 2024 Suggestion
9 pages
Without Clue Suggestion
50% (2)
Without Clue Suggestion
5 pages
Physics 1st Paper (Formula)
100% (2)
Physics 1st Paper (Formula)
58 pages
Sure Success (Ques)
50% (2)
Sure Success (Ques)
71 pages
HSC 24 English 2nd Paper All Board Solve
75% (4)
HSC 24 English 2nd Paper All Board Solve
32 pages
HSC 1st and 2nd Paper
67% (3)
HSC 1st and 2nd Paper
4 pages
Cloze Test Without Clues
No ratings yet
Cloze Test Without Clues
5 pages
Bangla 2nd Paper Suggestion
No ratings yet
Bangla 2nd Paper Suggestion
4 pages
3.HSC - English 1st Paper-2024
100% (2)
3.HSC - English 1st Paper-2024
6 pages
With Clues & Without Clues Suggestion
83% (6)
With Clues & Without Clues Suggestion
7 pages
Completing Sentences HSC English 2nd PAPER
No ratings yet
Completing Sentences HSC English 2nd PAPER
18 pages
Lecture Sheet-Parts of Speech (41st Quick BCS Preparation)
90% (10)
Lecture Sheet-Parts of Speech (41st Quick BCS Preparation)
63 pages
HSC Textual Dictionary
100% (3)
HSC Textual Dictionary
217 pages
HSC First Paper Board Question
100% (7)
HSC First Paper Board Question
54 pages
8.2 Higher Math All Chapter MCQ (All Board) Final
100% (1)
8.2 Higher Math All Chapter MCQ (All Board) Final
76 pages
Vector HSC Physics 1st MCQ Question With Answer
80% (10)
Vector HSC Physics 1st MCQ Question With Answer
2 pages
HSC ICT Practical HTML C Programming Code01 10
No ratings yet
HSC ICT Practical HTML C Programming Code01 10
16 pages
QNA Bangla Second Paper A To Z Final
100% (2)
QNA Bangla Second Paper A To Z Final
167 pages
Vocabulary HSC SP 1st Sheet - HSC
100% (1)
Vocabulary HSC SP 1st Sheet - HSC
24 pages
Completing Sentences (Phrase and Clauses)
100% (1)
Completing Sentences (Phrase and Clauses)
26 pages
WBWÐZ 15 B Ii RB : Pæmövg Weávb K JR
No ratings yet
WBWÐZ 15 B Ii RB : Pæmövg Weávb K JR
41 pages
Edbn 1403 Removed Removed
No ratings yet
Edbn 1403 Removed Removed
6 pages
Edbn 1403 Removed
No ratings yet
Edbn 1403 Removed
56 pages
ICT 1st Paper, CH 01
No ratings yet
ICT 1st Paper, CH 01
78 pages
Edbn 1403
No ratings yet
Edbn 1403
178 pages
1 - 0 ICT - Class
No ratings yet
1 - 0 ICT - Class
23 pages
Beyond the Sea Squirt: A Journey with Reflexes
From Everand
Beyond the Sea Squirt: A Journey with Reflexes
Moira Dempsey
No ratings yet
Tipos de Referencias RCDT
No ratings yet
Tipos de Referencias RCDT
3 pages
Differential Equation NoTes
No ratings yet
Differential Equation NoTes
37 pages
Exercise One
No ratings yet
Exercise One
3 pages
Derivatives Exercises
No ratings yet
Derivatives Exercises
1 page
Tugas SKWM Teori Grafik Dan Antrian (Ahmad Muyassar Ibrahim)
No ratings yet
Tugas SKWM Teori Grafik Dan Antrian (Ahmad Muyassar Ibrahim)
5 pages
1-SMA 2371-PDE-eee
No ratings yet
1-SMA 2371-PDE-eee
2 pages
Solutions To Haberman - App Partial Diff Eqs 4E
No ratings yet
Solutions To Haberman - App Partial Diff Eqs 4E
419 pages
Nurlita Sari - Jurnal Akhir Perc.8 Fiskom
No ratings yet
Nurlita Sari - Jurnal Akhir Perc.8 Fiskom
10 pages
Mini Quiz 1 - Hyperbolics Functions
No ratings yet
Mini Quiz 1 - Hyperbolics Functions
2 pages
ODE Mathematics Optional Previous Years
No ratings yet
ODE Mathematics Optional Previous Years
12 pages
5-Exact First Order - 5 Pgs
No ratings yet
5-Exact First Order - 5 Pgs
5 pages
Solutions: Homework 5 Partial Differential Equations M 104228
No ratings yet
Solutions: Homework 5 Partial Differential Equations M 104228
4 pages
Applied Engineering Mathematics Solution Book 2
100% (2)
Applied Engineering Mathematics Solution Book 2
38 pages
Revision Exercise 3: Concept Traps (p.137)
No ratings yet
Revision Exercise 3: Concept Traps (p.137)
8 pages
MAPV212 Chap 2 Worksheet 1-2-3
No ratings yet
MAPV212 Chap 2 Worksheet 1-2-3
3 pages
PDE MCQ
No ratings yet
PDE MCQ
11 pages
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations
No ratings yet
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations
22 pages
Differential Equations Class12
No ratings yet
Differential Equations Class12
2 pages
Differential Equation PDF
No ratings yet
Differential Equation PDF
3 pages
BASIC CALCULUS MODULE 4th QTR
No ratings yet
BASIC CALCULUS MODULE 4th QTR
8 pages
Higher Order PDE PI 3
No ratings yet
Higher Order PDE PI 3
18 pages
1 - IGCSE-Movement and Position
No ratings yet
1 - IGCSE-Movement and Position
38 pages
Boyce ODEch 2 S 4 P 28
No ratings yet
Boyce ODEch 2 S 4 P 28
2 pages
Complementary Error Function Table: X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X)
No ratings yet
Complementary Error Function Table: X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X) X Erfc (X)
1 page
MA107 Tutorial-1
No ratings yet
MA107 Tutorial-1
1 page
Taylor CMCH 1 P 24
No ratings yet
Taylor CMCH 1 P 24
1 page
Differential Equations
No ratings yet
Differential Equations
12 pages
2 2. Revision of The Chain Rule 2 3. Implicit Differentiation 4
No ratings yet
2 2. Revision of The Chain Rule 2 3. Implicit Differentiation 4
6 pages
Lecture 09
No ratings yet
Lecture 09
33 pages