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EE 200 - Electronic Circuits Implementation Lab #4

This document summarizes an electronics lab experiment comparing inverting and non-inverting amplifiers in LTspice. Key results include: [1] The inverting amplifier's input behaves like virtual ground and inverts the input signal phase by 180 degrees. [2] The non-inverting amplifier's input does not behave like virtual ground and does not invert the input signal phase. [3] Techniques for finding input impedance work for the inverting amplifier but not the non-inverting amplifier due to differences in current flow.

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Poyraz Emel
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54 views

EE 200 - Electronic Circuits Implementation Lab #4

This document summarizes an electronics lab experiment comparing inverting and non-inverting amplifiers in LTspice. Key results include: [1] The inverting amplifier's input behaves like virtual ground and inverts the input signal phase by 180 degrees. [2] The non-inverting amplifier's input does not behave like virtual ground and does not invert the input signal phase. [3] Techniques for finding input impedance work for the inverting amplifier but not the non-inverting amplifier due to differences in current flow.

Uploaded by

Poyraz Emel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EE 200 – Electronic Circuits Implementation

Lab #4

Poyraz Emel

Operational Amplifiers
26547
Session E
25.03.2021
Spring 2020/2021
Introduction
The main goal of experiment was comparing inverting and non-inverting
amplifiers in LTspice. In addition, some data and result, which are collected by
simulation, as calculation of voltage gains in DC and AC circuits and comparing
their behaviors. Observing inverting and non-inverting amplifier’s phase
differences between input and output signals. Creation of circuits with adding
resistor between source and Rin and observing voltage gains changes are most of
our experiment’s main aims.

Data/Results

In-Lab Assignment
Part 1.
The Inverting Amplifier
Step 1. Build the circuit in Fig.1. Determine the current through each of the resistors by performing
required simulations. Does this prove to you that pin 2 is virtually at ground?

Simulation proves that pin 2 is virtually at ground because measured voltage at pin 2 is almost zero.
Step 2. Calculate the voltage gain of this circuit, using the simulations you performed in the previous
step.

Gain (Av)= -56k / 5.6k = -10

Step 3. Label the output (pin 6). Simulate the DC voltage at the output. What is the measured voltage
gain, Vo/Vin?

Vo/Vin = -9.98572 / 1 = -9.98572


Step 4. Replace the 1 V battery with an AC source. Set the AC source to a 1 V peak sine wave at a
frequency of 1 kHz. Simulate the circuit. Draw the input waveform and the output waveform. What is
the voltage gain? What is the phase relationship between the input and output voltage?

Voltage gain can be seen in above (Red


waveform which shows Vout/Vin).
As you see in the simulation, Input waveforms
(Blue) inverted 180 degrees by the inverting
amplifier. Output waveforms can be seen in
simulation (Green).
Step 5. Connect a 10 kΩ resistor between the AC source and R1. What is the voltage gain now? How can
this information help you find the input impedance (Rin) of the inverting amplifier? Write down the
relevant equation and calculate Rin.

After connection of 10k ohm resistor between AC source and Rin(R1),If we think amplifer like
a closed box, Rin, which inside in closed box, behaves like voltage divider. Vin separates into
Rin and 10k ohms. If we use Vo1. (Rin/Rin +10k) = Vo2
Vo1=-10V (Before connection of 10k ohms)
Vo2= -3.58V (After connection of 10k ohms)
Rin = 5.77k ohms
Part 2.

Step 1. Build the circuit in Fig.3. Find current through the resistors and the feedback wire. (Hint: You can
add 0.001 Ohm resistance in the feedback line to simulate the current)

Step 2. Label pin 2 and pin 3. Simulate your circuitry. What are the DC voltages at pin 2 and pin 3 with
respect to ground? Does the virtual ground condition exist? Explain.

Virtual ground conditions not exist because of infinite resistance I4.7k is almost zero(as you
see in above) so V1=Vpin3=Vpin2.
Step 3. Measure the DC voltage across the 1 kΩ load resistor. Calculate the voltage gain

Dc voltage across the 1k ohms load resistor equals Vout.


Vout/Vin equals almost 1.
Step 4. Replace the 1 V battery with an AC source. Set the AC source to a 1 V peak sine wave at a
frequency of 1 kHz. Simulate the circuit. Draw the input waveform and the output waveform. What is
the voltage gain? What is the phase relationship between the input and output voltage?

Voltage gain is almost 1. Because its non-inverting amplifier and Input signals
waveforms are in the same phase relationship with the output signals.
Step 5. To find the input impedance of the non-inverting amplifier, can you use the same technique as in
Part 1, Step 5. Why? Why not? Explain.

We cannot use the same technique as in Part 1, Step 5 because in part 1 we


used inverting amplifier. In non-inverting amplifier, there is no current (almost
zero) flows in to pin2, which is non-inverting input terminal, because of input
impedance behaves like infinite so zero current flows through the feedback
loop.
Discussion and Analysis

Part 1.
In part 1, first we created the inverting amplifier. Then we observed,
current magnitudes on resistors. According to simulation results and
hand calculations, there are low currents in resistors as you see in
above part of data/results. In addition, we observed that input of
inverting amplifier(pin2) has very low voltage which is almost zero that
means it behaves like virtually at ground. Then we compared input
signals waveforms and output signals waveforms in AC circuit
simulation. Input signals are 180 degrees turned by inverting amplifier
if we compared with output signals.

Part 2.
In part 2, first we created the non-inverting amplifier to compare it with
inverting amplifier. Results indicates that there is almost zero current
on Rin and Rfeedback resistors because of infinite impedance of non-
inverting input signals. In addition, we observed that pin2 and pin3
behave like virtually not at ground because there is almost zero current
flow on Rin resistor it causes Vin=Vpin2=Vpin3 which equal Vout
because of short circuit. When we compared the input and output
signal’s phase differences it obviously seen that input and output signal
has no phase differences.
Conclusion

I observed that that input of inverting amplifier(pin2) has very low


voltage which is almost zero in inverting amplifier. On the other hand,
in non-inverting amplifier, can be seen that pin2 and pin3 behave like
virtually not at ground because there is almost zero current flow on Rin
resistor it causes Vin=Vpin2=Vpin3. I learnt that if we compare input
signals waveforms and output signals waveforms in inverting amplifier,
it is seen that output signals are equal 180 degrees turned input signals.
On the other hand, If we look the non-inverting amplifier’s phase
differences in AC simulation in LTspice, we see that input and output
signal has no phase differences.

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