JURNAL PRAKTIKUM DASAR-DASAR PEMISAHAN KIMIA

PEMBUATAN MEMBRAN POLYSULFON (PSF)

Oleh :
ERVINA FADHILATUL ISHMA
17030194022
PKA 2017

OLEH:
MUHAMMAD RIZKI AULIA
20030194040
PKU 2020

PRODI KIMIA
JURUSAN KIMIA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA
TAHUN 2021
 BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Background
The membrane is a semipermeable layer between two fluid phases which can
separate substances of different sizes and limit the transport of various species based on
their physical and chemical properties. The filtering or separation process that occurs
takes advantage of pressure or potential energy and concentration differences. This
membrane practicum aims to Make polysulfone membrane and Determine the
permeability of the membrane.
1.2 Formula of the Problem
1. How make polysulfone membrane?
2. How determine the permeability of the membrane?
1.3 Experiment Aim
1. Make polysulfone membrane.
2. Determine the permeability of the membrane.

BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Basic Theory
Thin layers that can be used in the process of separating components based on
differences in permeability properties are known as membranes (Baker, 2004).
Membranes have the ability to separate components based on the size and shape of the
molecule by passing one component and retaining another. The component or mixed
phase to be separated is referred to as the feed, the retained phase is referred to as the
concentrate, while the phase resulting from the separation is referred to as the permeate.
The movement of these components requires a force to pass through the membrane
(Mulder, 1996). The separation technique using membranes is generally based on
particle size and molecular weight with the driving force of separation in the form of
pressure differences (ΔP), concentration (ΔC), temperature (ΔT), electric potential (ΔE).
One of the factors that affect the performance of the membrane is the stirring
temperature. The stirring temperature used in membrane preparation will determine the
level of homogeneity of the membrane impression solution. Polysulfone tends to be
close to hydrophobic so that its permeability to aqueous solution systems is not very
good. One of the causes of its hydrophobic nature is due to the tendency of PSf to form
small and tight pores so that the water permeability tends to be small and the rejection is
large.
PSf membrane preparation using phase inversion method and precipitation
immersion induction technique. The magnitude of the difference in solubility
parameters between solvents and non-solvents determines the rate of phase inversion
and the physical quality of the resulting membrane. The addition of non-solvent in the
coagulation bath causes a lower difference in solubility parameters resulting in delayed
liquid-liquid demixing.
2.2 Membrane Classification
1. Classification Based on the Basic Ingredients of Manufacture
a) Natural membrane
Natural membranes are membranes found in the tissues of living things. The
natural membrane is also called the cell membrane. One of the functions of the
cell membrane is as a means of transporting substances in the cell.
b) Synthetic Membrane
Synthetic membranes are artificial membranes that are intentionally made
according to needs. Synthetic membranes can be divided into organic
membranes and inorganic membranes. Organic membranes are membranes
whose basic ingredients are polymers and macromolecules derived from organic
compounds made at low temperatures (room temperature). For example:
polyethersulfone, cellulose acetate, polyamide (PA), polyacronitrile (PAN) and
so on. While inorganic membranes are membranes whose main basic ingredients
are inorganic compounds. An example is glass from SiO2.
2. Classification Based on their Function
a) Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a solvent transfer process with a pressure difference pushing
force, where the pressure difference used must be greater than the osmotic
pressure difference. The pore size in the reverse osmosis process is between 1-
20 m and the molecular weight of the solute used is between 100-1000. With the
development of asymmetric membranes, the reverse osmosis process is perfect,
mainly used to produce fresh water from sea water.
b) Ultrafiltration
Ultrafiltration works on the same basis as reverse osmosis, but differs in pore
size. For ultrafiltration, the pore diameter used is 0.01-0.1 m with a solute BM of
1000-500,000 g/mol. In the separation process, the molecular size smaller than
the pore diameter will penetrate the membrane, while the larger molecular size
will be retained by the membrane.
c) Microfiltration
Milkrofiltration has the same working principle as ultrafiltration, only differs in
the size of the molecules to be separated. In microfiltration, the molecular size to
be separated is 500-300,000 , with a solute BM of up to 500,000 g/mol,
therefore the microfiltration process is often used to retain particles in a
suspension solution.
d) Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration is a separation process if ultrafiltration and microfiltration cannot
treat water as expected. Nanofiltration can produce a very affordable separation
process economically. However, Nanofiltration has not been able to treat
dissolved minerals, color and water salination, so the treated water (permeate)
may still contain monovalent ions and solutions with low molecular weight
pollutants such as alcohol. The pore size in the nanofiltration was 0.001-0.01
micron and the molecular weight of the solute used was between 100-1000
g/mol.
e) Dialysis
Dialysis is the process of moving molecules (solutes or solutes) from one liquid
to another through a membrane due to the difference in chemical potential of the
solute. Dialysis membrane serves to separate colloidal solutions containing
electrolytes with small molecular weights. The dialysis process is often used for
washing blood in patients with kidney disease.
f) Electrodialysis
 Electrolysis is a dialysis process using the help of an electric potential.
Electrodialysis takes place relatively quickly compared to dialysis. Its main use
is desalination (reducing salt content) of juice.
g) Pervaporation
Pervaporation is a mass transfer process through a membrane involving a phase
change in it from the liquid phase to the vapor phase. The driving force for the
pervaporation process is the difference in activity on both sides of the membrane
which causes evaporation because the partial pressure is lower than the saturated
vapor pressure. In general, the selectivity of pervaporation is high, the
pervaporation process is often used to separate mixtures that are not heat
resistant and mixtures that have azeotrope points. The separation process by
pervaporation uses a non-porous/dense and asymmetric membrane. The
advantage of the pervaporation process is that it uses relatively low energy.
3. Classification Based on Morphology
a) Asymmetric Membrane
An asymmetric membrane is a membrane consisting of a thin layer which is an
active layer with a supporting layer underneath. The pore size and density for
asymmetric membranes are not the same, where the pore size in the skin is
smaller than in the supporting part. The thickness of the thin layer is between
0.2-1.0 m and the supporting layer of the sublayer is porous with a size between
50-150 m.
b) Symmetrical Membrane
Symmetrical membrane is a membrane that has the same size and density of
pores in all parts, does not have a skin layer. Its thickness ranges from 10-
200µm. Ultrafiltration membranes consist of an asymmetrical structure with a
dense layer of skin on a surface. This structure causes the solute in the feed to be
retained on the membrane surface and prevents blockage in the pores.
2.3 Advantages of Membrane Separation
When compared to other separation technologies, the advantages of membrane
separation technology include:
1. The separation process can be carried out continuously.
 2. Energy consumption is generally low
3. Can be easily combined with other separation technologies (hybrid)
4. Generally operated under moderate conditions (not at high pressures and
temperatures) and the membrane properties are easy to modify
5. Easy to do up-scaling
6. No need for additives

BAB III
METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Tools
 Beaker
 Measuring cup
 Flask
 Watch glass
 Dropper pipette
 Spatulas
 Funnel
 Analytical balance
 Magnetic stirrer
 Casting knife
 Coagulation tank
 Dead-end membrane reactors
 Micrometer screw
3.2 Materials
 Polysulfone (PSF)
 Dimethylacetamide (DMAc)
 Aquades
3.3 Prosedur Percobaan (berupa bagan alir)
1. Pembuatan Larutan Cetak

PSF & DMAc

 Ditimbang dengan perbandingan (%b/b) 2/10 gram
-
PSF dilarutkan ke DMAc dengan magnetic stirrer
-
kecepatan 270 rpm dengan suhu 60oC selama 1 jam 15
menit.
Larutan Cetak

2. Casting Larutan cetak

Larutan Cetak

Dibuat cetakan dari plat kaca dengan ketebalan 1,0 mm dan luas
-
area (13 x 13 cm)
- Dicetak dengan casting knife dengan waktu pra-imersi selama 15
menit
Casting Larutan
Cetak

3. Tahapan Imersi Presipitasi

Pelat Kaca
- Plat kaca Dimasukkan ke dalam bak
koagulasi yang telah berisi 1000 mL aquades
dengan suhu imersi 30oC selama 30 menit
Membran PSF terimersi

4. Tahapan Pencucian

Membran PSF padat

- Dimasukkan ke dalam bak yang berisi 500 mL aquades

untuk pencucian selama 1 menit (dilakukan dua kali)

Membran PSF yang Telah

Dicuci
5. Tahapan Pengeringan

Membran PSF yang Telah

Dicuci
 - Dikeringkan pada suhu ruang selama 24 jam

Membran PSF (Kering)

6. Uji Fisik (Ketebalan)

Membran PSF

- Dipotong berbentuk lingkaran dengan diameter 6,3 cm

- Diukur dengan mikrometer sekrup pada 5 titik

Membran PSF Hasil

Pemotongan dan Pengukuran

7. Pembuatan Larutan Umpan

Methylen Blue 0,025 gram

- Diletakkan pada kaca arloji
- Dimasukkan ke dalam gelas kimia
- Dibilas dengan aquades sampai bersih
- DImasukkan ke dalam labu ukur 250 mL
- Ditambahkan aquades hingga mencapai batas miniskus
- Dilakukan Pengocokan
Larutan Umpan

8. Uji Permeabilitas

Membran
PSF
- Diuji menggunakan reactor dead-end menggunakan larutan
umpan aquades

Nilai Fluks ( J =

)
 9. Uji selektivitas

Membran
PSF
- Diuji dengan reactor dead-end menggunakan methylene blue
100 ppm dalam 250 mL
Nilai
Rejeksi

DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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terhadap Kinerja Membran Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-Kitosan dalam Pemisahan
Pewarna Rhodamin-B.Unesa Journal of Chemistry Vol.4, No.1

Sembiring RS. 2005. Prepasi dan karakterisasi membran berbahan dasar polisulfon
menggunakan pelarut dimetilacetamid (DMAC). [skripsi]. Bogor. Fakultas Teknologi
Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor.

Soebagio, B. D. (2003). Kimia Analitik II. Malang : Universitas Negeri Malang.

Kusumajati, Rina A. (2018). Pembuatan Membran Hibrid. Purwokerto :Universitas

Muhammadiyah Purwokerto.

Elma, Muthia. (2017). Proses Pemisahan Menggunakan Teknologi Membran.

Kalimantan Selatan : Lambung Mangkurat University Press.