Empowerment

Technologies
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and
Etiquette
Empowerment Technologies – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and Etiquette First
Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cherryl D. Cordova

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 Empowerment
Technologies
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and
Etiquette
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Empowerment Technologies – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and Etiquette!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

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 Welcome to the Empowerment Technologies – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and Etiquette!

As our society faces the ‘new normal’, most of our daily tasks now need the
assistance of Information and Communication Technologies. Thanks to the internet,
because we can now meet and communicate with each other online. Paying bills,
buying goods, growing your network of friends and even learning can be done online.
Life now is almost turning to digital. And it is very important that you not only know
how to use and deal with these technologies but it is necessary to know the different
threats brought by the internet and be equipped on how to be safe and be secured
online. It is also necessary to apply ethics and etiquette online to avoid problems in
facing the digital media.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what
you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current
lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in
various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This

aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to

solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have Learned This includes questions or
blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery

in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to

you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

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 lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written for you to be able to apply online safety,
security, ethics, and etiquette standards and practice in the use of ICTs as it would
relate to your specific professional track (CS_ICT11/12-ICTPT-Ia-b2).

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the internet threats from the given scenario by choosing its name from
the choices.

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 2. Illustrate the power of netiquette by determining which internet threats will
be avoided.
3. Choose online safety and security measures for the given scenario
appropriately.

What I Know

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer from the choices and write the letter
that corresponds to your answer on the answer sheet.
1. You received a comment from an unknown friend in one of your posts in Social
Media saying “YOU IDIOT!”. What do you call this kind of act?
a. Acting
b. Bullying
c. Blogging
d. Flaming
2. It is an internet threat that acquires sensitive personal information like passwords
and credit card credentials.
a. Malware
b. Phishing
c. Spam
d. Virus
3. It refers to a set of rules for an acceptable online behaviour.

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 a. Ethics
b. Good Moral
c. Nethics
d. Netiquette
4. This is one form of internet advertising used by advertisers to get the attention of
web users but sometimes has obscene or offensive content.
a. Adverts
b. Cards
c. Infographics
d. Pop-ads
5. It is a software that can see all the things you are doing in your computer.
a. Attacker
b. Hacker
c. Spyware
d. Tracker
6. It is a deceitful practice of getting your personal information using email or text
messages.
a. Blogging
b. Flaming
c. Pharming
d. Phishing
7. It is a small program or script that can negatively affect the health of your
computer.
a. Malware
b. Phisher
c. Spam
d. Virus
8. He is a clever or expert programmer who can gain unauthorized access to other
computers.
a. Attacker
b. Hacker
c. Spyware
d. Tracker
9. It is an act of following, secret surveillance, persistent and manipulative calling
and texting, and other means of approaching the victim unexpectedly using online
technology.
a. Cyberbullying
b. Cyber-crime
c. Cyberstalking
d. Tracking
10. It is an act of engaging an underage minor into inappropriate sexual relationships
through the internet.
a. Cyberbullying

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 b. Cyberstalking
c. Flaming
d. Online Predation
11. It focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online social
environment.
a. Good Moral
b. Nethics
c. Netiquette
d. Online Ethics
12. Dan has finished all the written reports. He saved it in a flash drive and he
submitted it to his manager. The manager called him and said that his flash drive
is empty. Dan’s flash drive was infected with ____________.
a. Computer Virus
b. Malware
c. Phisher
d. Spam
13. Precy has received an email from the bank asking her to update her personal
information for security purposes. She clicked the link and signed in.
Unknowingly, Precy is already a victim of ____________.
a. Blogging
b. Flaming
c. Pharming
d. Phishing
14. Devon is fund of taking photos. While they are practicing their play, he takes an
embarrassing photo of Lori who is a very shy girl. He then posts the photo on
social media and spread it to his friends. Lori is a victim of ___________________.
a. Cyberbullying
b. Cyberstalking
c. Flaming
d. Online Predation
15. Lily knows that the website of BPI Bank is www.bpibank.com so she typed it in
the address bar and log in to the system. Unknowingly upon signing in, Lily’s
username and password has already been compromised and is now a victim of
___________.
a. Blogging
b. Flaming
c. Pharming
d. Phishing

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 What’s In

Let’s have a drill. Use your social media account like Facebook. For
five minutes, you are going to do a CLAMP (post a Comment in one
(1) minute, one(1) minute to Like, one (1) minute to Add friends, one (1) minute to
Message your friends, and one (1) minute to Post something with description). Set
your timer in doing this. After doing it, recall and write in a piece of paper all your
comments, messages, and your post. Review it and check whether you did it in an
ethical way.

Notes to the Teacher

This module aims to prepare the students to be knowledgeable
in ICT in the context of global in our society’s new normal state.
It also empowers the students to be literate on how to use
digital tools without compromising their private information by
applying online safety, security, ethics, and etiquette standards
and practice in the use of ICT.

What’s New

Match A with column B. Choose from column B the name of the internet threat being
described in column A.
Column B
Column A

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1. This is one form of internet advertising used by A. Computer
advertisers to get the attention of web users but
Virus
sometimes has an obscene or an offensive content.
2. A 12-year old girl reported to her mother that an old B. Cyberbullying
man appeared in her chat room asking and seducing
her to chat with him. The old man is doing an act of C. Cyberstalking
_____________.
3. Devon is fund of taking photos. While they are D. Flaming
practicing their play, he takes an embarrassing photo
of Lori who is a very shy girl. He then posts the photo E. Hacker
on social media and spread it to his friends. Lori is a
F. Online
victim of ___________________.
4. Because of what Devon did to Lori, Lori fought back by Predation
sending this message “YOU IDIOT! BASTARD!! GO TO
HELL!!!” to Devon. He received a _____________ words. G. Pharming
5. Mona is the most beautiful girl and very famous in
town. She has a suitor who is always following her. One H. Phishing
day, she wants to be free and wants to go to somewhere
else alone. Nobody knows where she will go. When she I. Pop-ads
reached the place, she takes photo and post it in social
J. Spyware
media. A few hours later, her avid suitor is already in
her place. So, the avid suitor is _______________ Mona.
6. Lydia has learned how to transact online using her
credit card as a mode of payment. She is using her
laptop and since she is new, she browses the internet
and click something out of curiosity. She got a problem
when she received her credit card statement because of
the big amount she needs to pay. Lydia was attacked
by ______.

7. Dan has finished all the written reports. He saved it in

a flash drive and he submitted it to his manager. The
manager called him and said that his flash drive is
empty. Dan’s flash drive was infected with ____________.
8. Daine is fond of downloading pirated movies. Then
suddenly, there are pop-ups about upcoming movies
showing on his screen every now and then. And his
computer becomes slow. His computer is already
infected with ____________.
9. Precy has received an email from the bank asking her
to update her personal information for security
purposes. She clicked the link and signed in.
Unknowingly, Precy is already a victim of ____________.
10. Lily knows that the website of BPI Bank is
www.bpibank.com so she typed it in the address bar
and log in to the system. Unknowingly upon signing in,

8
 Lily’s username and password has already been
compromised and is now a victim of ___________.

What is It

As our society faces the ‘new normal’, most of our daily tasks now need the
assistance of Information and Communication Technologies. Thanks to the internet,
because we can now meet and communicate with each other online. Paying bills,
buying goods, growing your network of friends and even learning can be done online.
Life now is almost turning to digital media. According to (Preston n.d.), digital media
is any form of media that uses electronic devices for distribution. This form of media
can be created, viewed, modified and distributed via electronic devices. And it is very
important that you not only know how to use and deal with these technologies but it
is necessary to know the different threats brought by the internet and be equipped
on how to keep your private information safe and secure online. Private
information is your sensitive personal information or your identity such as your
username and passwords or bank accounts. Even though the government has
already set a policy, the Republic Act 10173 or the Data Privacy Act of 2012, that

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is to protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while
ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth (Republic Act
10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012 n.d.), it is important to have the knowledge of
maximizing your private information in order to keep it safe and secure is called
online safety or web safety or internet safety. It is also necessary to apply ethics
and etiquette online to avoid problems in facing digital media.

The following are some of the internet threats you need to be aware of:

Email Scam/Junk Mail/Spam Mail - Usually unsolicited

commercial email sent from an unknown source with identical
message sent to multiple recipients. Usually not dangerous but
can be time and space consuming. Dangerous
ones can carry viruses and other malicious software or malware.

Email Spoofing - is the creation of emails with a forged

sender address. The goal of email spoofing is to get recipients
to open, respond and engage with the email message. Email
spoofing can greatly increase the effectiveness of phishing and
other email-based cyber-attacks by tricking the recipient into
trusting the email and its sender (Tunggal 2019). It is usually
used by spammers to hide the origin of the spam.
Phishing – is a deceitful practice of getting your personal
information using email or text messages. Scammers may try to
steal your passwords, account numbers, or Social Security
numbers. If they get that information, they could gain access to
your email, bank, or other accounts (Federal Tr. Comm.
’19)

Pharming - is a scamming practice in which malicious code is installed on a

personal computer or server, misdirecting users to fraudulent
Web sites without their knowledge or consent. This happened
when the code sent in an e-mail modifies local host files on a
personal computer. A computer with a compromised host file
will go to the fake Web site even
if a user types in the correct Internet address or clicks on an affected
bookmark entry (Rouse, Pharming n.d.).

Computer Viruses - are small programs or scripts that can

negatively affect the health of your computer. These malicious
little programs can create files, move files, erase files, consume
your computer's memory, and cause your computer not to
function correctly. Some viruses can duplicate themselves,
attach themselves to programs, and travel across networks. In
fact opening an infected e-mail attachment is the most

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common way to get a virus (Christensson, Virus Definition 2011).

Spyware - is software that "spies" on your computer where it captures

information like Web browsing habits, e-mail messages,
usernames and passwords, and credit card information. If left
unchecked, the software can transmit this data to another
person's computer over the Internet. It can be installed when
you open an e-mail attachment containing the malicious
software. It can also be installed when you install
another program that has a spyware installer attached to it
(Christensson, Spyware Definition 2006).

Pop-ads - a type of window that appears on top of (over) the browser window of a
Web site that a user has visited (Pop-up Ad n.d.). It is also
called as pop-up ads. It can also be used by hackers to steal
your personal information (such as your bank details).
Clicking pop-up ads can redirect you to sites that can
infect your computer and system files (What Causes Pop-up
Ads and How to Remove Them 2019).
Hacker - a clever or expert programmer who can gain
unauthorized access to other computers. He can "hack" his way
through the security levels of a computer system or network
(Christensson, Hacker Definition 2006). And can vandalizes the
victims’ website, steals personal information, obtains
intellectual property, and performs credit card fraud.

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There are also common threats to personal safety. They are the following:

Cyberstalking – is the same as physical stalking by giving unwanted obsessive

attention to a specific person like following, secret surveillance,
persistent and manipulative calling and texting, and other
means of approaching the victim unexpectedly but cyber
stalkers rely on online technology to do it. Email, social
networks, instant messaging, personal data available online –
everything on the Internet can be used by cyberstalkers to make
inappropriate contact with their victims (Andrea 2020).

Cyberbullying - is bullying that takes place over digital devices like cell phones,
computers, and tablets. It can occur through SMS, Text, and
apps, or online in social media, forums, or gaming where people
can view, participate in, or share content. It includes sending,
posting, or sharing negative, harmful, false, or mean content
about someone else like sharing personal or private information
causing embarrassment or humiliation. Some cyberbullying
crosses the line into unlawful or criminal behavior (What Is Cyberbullying 2020).

Online Predation - is the act of engaging an underage minor

into inappropriate sexual relationships through the internet.
Online predators may attempt to initiate and seduce minors into
relationships through the use of chat rooms or internet forums.
Online predators may try to lure kids and teens into sexual
conversations or even face-to-face meetings. Predators will
sometimes send obscene material or request that kids send
pictures of themselves (Internet Safety for Kids-Staying safe from
online predators n.d.).

Flaming - is the act of saying mean things online, usually in

ALL CAPS, and often in a public forum with the intention to
humiliate.

Online Ethics and Etiquette

In order for you to be safe and you can protect your private information while you
are working online, you need to know and apply online ethics and etiquette.

Online ethics focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online social
environment. Netiquette is a combination of the words network and etiquette and
is defined as a set of rules for acceptable online behaviour (What is Netiquette? A
Guide to Online Ethics and Etiquette n.d.).

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10 Basic Rules of Netiquette

The rules of etiquette are just as important in cyberspace as they are in the real
world (Hartney 2020)

1. Make Real People a Priority

If you are talking personally and face to face with someone, stop browsing or
chatting with anybody else in your cellphone.

2. Use Respectful Language

Avoid name-calling, cursing, expressing deliberately offensive opinions. In
typing, don't use caps lock. Text in all caps is generally perceived as yelling or
flaming which cause misunderstanding and trouble. Please don't forget to say
please and thank you as appropriate.

3. Share With Discretion

Avoid sending naked sexy pictures, drunk pictures, drug use pictures or
unedited home video. If you would have a problem with your boss, your parents,
or your kids seeing it now, or at any point in the future, don't post it online.
Children should not post private information online. Do not also share your
location or picture where you are currently at. Keep your personal information
private.

4. Don't Exclude Others

Don’t let others feel that they are the one you are talking to in your obscure
comment to your Facebook status, forum or Instagram story. And if you have an
in-joke to share with one other person, or a small number of people in a larger
online group, send them a private message.

5. Choose Friends Wisely

It is insulting to be dropped from someone's friend list on a social media
site. So, think about it before sending a friend request or accepting an invitation.
If you don't want to be in touch with someone, don't add them in the first place.
This must be observed by kids or teens so they will not be a victim of online
predation. People sometimes are good in pretending just to get your attention or
use fake accounts.

6. Respect People's Privacy

One example is when you send email to multiple recipients, don’t send it
at once, you can send it privately individually or use BCC (blind carbon copy)
rather than CC (carbon copy). The same goes for uploading photos or videos that
include other people because others who are in this photo don’t want to be viewed
by unknown friends. This also applies for tagging people on Facebook because
others don’t want to be tagged. Another example is don't sign up for newsletters
and other communications using someone else's email address. If you apply this
rule, hackers might not have chance to enter and ruin your digital life.

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7. Fact Check Before Reposting
If you aren't sure of the facts that you’re going to repost, email it to
someone who does know or can find out. Or do a search on Google or snopes.com.
Because once you’ve reposted a fake news or false facts, many can possibly believe
it and spread once again. Don't forget also that many viruses are circulated via
chain letters and invitations. So forwarding or reposting this kind of messages
will not bring good luck but rather bad luck. Don’t forget to cite the owner of the
post or where it came from. And before posting, check whether it is appropriate
or inappropriate to others.

8. Respond to Emails Promptly

In doing this, you can easily check whether the emails you received are
spams, unsolicited messages or crafty stuffs and delete these right away. But if
you send your email to your friends or set it as public, then you need to respond
immediately. But double-check where it really came because there are people who
are fond of playing or making fake emails just to get in touch with you.
9. Update Online Information
Don't leave inaccurate information online that will mislead your friends or
your customers if you have an online business. If you have a business website,
update it regularly. Like your operating hours, if you are not available for that
time, change it right away.

10. Think before Click

Don’t hesitate to think before clicking because you might click an unknown
links or files that are likely to contain malware which will infect your devices or
a link to hacker’s website. Think before clicking Like in social media posts
because it might be a suicide post that will end to death because you liked his
suicidal post.

What’s More

In the table below, mark with a check (  ) the internet threats that can be
avoided in doing each netiquette. Internet threats are represented by letter in
the table under Internet Threats column.

a. Computer Virus f. Online Predation

b. Cyberbullying g. Pharming
c. Cyberstalking h. Phishing
d. Flaming i. Spam
e. Hacker j. Spyware

Netiquette Internet Threats

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 a b c d e f g h i j

1. Make real people a priority

2. Use respectful language

3. Share with discretion

4. Don’t exclude others

5. Choose friends wisely

6. Respect people’s privacy

7. Fact check before reposting

8. Respond to emails promptly

9. Update online information

10. Think before you click

What I Have Learned

Every walk in our life nowadays deal with Information and Communication
Technologies and online or via the Internet. And it is very important to know how to
deal with these technologies and be aware with the different threats brought by the
internet. So that you can empower yourself on how to keep your private information
safe and secure online. _______________________ is your sensitive personal
information or your identity such as your username and passwords or bank
accounts. Having the knowledge of maximizing it in order to keep it safe and secure
is called _____________ or web safety or internet safety. It is also necessary to apply
__________ and ____________ to avoid problems in facing digital media.

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 You have learned that the different internet threats you need to be aware of are
computer viruses, spam _____________, email ______________, __________________,
_____________, __________________, ___________________, and spyware.

There are also internet threats that may affect your personal safety. These are
cyberbullying, ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

That’s why it is very important to know and apply online _______________ and
_______________. And in order for you to apply netiquette, you must always observed
the 10 netiquettes you have learned.

What I Can Do

Suppose that you have a cyberstalker and you want to get rid of him, and you want
to control who can see what you share, it is time for you to set your privacy settings
of your Facebook account. Just follow the steps.

For the Classic Facebook version:

1. Click in the top right of Facebook and select Settings.

2. Click Privacy in the left column.
1

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 3. Click Edit if you want to change the settings.
You can choose Public, if you want your post to be seen
by anyone,
Or restricted to your Friends only,
Or Friends except… you can deselect friends from the list,
Or Specific friends, you can select few friends
Or Only me, you are the only one who can see your post.

Assessment

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer from the choices and write the letter
that corresponds to your answer on the answer sheet.
1. It is an act of engaging an underage minor into inappropriate sexual relationships
through the internet.
A. Cyberbullying B. Cyberstalking C. Flaming D. Online Predation
2. It focuses on the acceptable use of online resources in an online social
environment.
A. Good Moral B. Nethics C. Netiquette D. Online Ethics
3. Dan has finished all the written reports. He saved it in a flash drive and he
submitted it to his manager. The manager called him and said that his flash drive
is empty. Dan’s flash drive was infected with ____________.
A. Computer Virus B. Malware C. Phisher D. Spam
4. Precy has received an email from the bank asking her to update her personal
information for security purposes. She clicked the link and signed in.
Unknowingly, Precy is already a victim of ____________.
A. Blogging B. Flaming C. Pharming D. Phishing
5. You received a comment from an unknown friend in one of your posts in Social
Media saying “YOU IDIOT!”. What do you call this kind of act?
A. Acting B. Bullying C. Blogging D. Flaming
6. It is an internet threat that acquires sensitive personal information like passwords
and credit card credentials.
A. Malware B. Phishing C. Spam D. Virus
7. It refers to a set of rules for an acceptable online behaviour.
A. Ethics B. Good Moral C. Nethics D. Netiquette
8. This is one form of an internet advertising used by advertisers to get the attention
of web users but sometimes has an obscene or an offensive content
A. Adverts B. Cards C. Infographics D. Pop-ads
9. It is a software that can see all the things you are doing in your computer.
A. Attacker B. Hacker C. Spyware D. Tracker

17
10. It is an act of following, secret surveillance, persistent and manipulative calling
and texting, and other means of approaching the victim unexpectedly using an
online technology.
A. Cyberbullying B. Cyber-crime C. Cyberstalking D. Tracking
11. Devon is fund of taking photos. While they are practicing their play, he takes an
embarrassing photo of Lori who is a very shy girl. He then posts the photo on
social media and spread it to his friends. Lori is a victim of ___________________.
A. Cyberbullying B. Cyberstalking C. Flaming D.Online Predation
12. Lily knows that the website of BPI Bank is www.bpibank.com so she typed it in
the address bar and log in to the system. Unknowingly upon signing in, Lily’s
username and password has already been compromised and is now a victim of
___________.
A. Blogging B. Flaming C. Pharming D. Phishing
13. It is a deceitful practice of getting your personal information using email or text
messages.
A. Blogging B. Flaming C. Pharming D. Phishing
14. It is a small program or script that can negatively affect the health of your
computer.
A. Malware B. Phisher C. Spam D. Virus
15. He is a clever or expert programmer who can gain unauthorized access to other
computers.
A. Attacker B. Hacker C. Spyware D. Tracker

References
Andrea, Sybil. 2020. "Cyberstalking: definition and laws." NordVPN. February 11.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

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Email Address: [email protected]