Chapter 1 Introduction
A. Understanding and History of Skype
Skype is a communication program with P2P (peer to peer) technology. This program is a free
program (free download) and made with the aim of providing low-cost, high-quality internet voice
communication facilities for everyone in various parts of the world. Skype users can talk with other
Skype users for free, contact traditional telephone with fees (skype Out), receive calls from traditional
telephone (Skype In), and receive voice messages [1]. Skype technology was discovered by
entrepreneurs Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis, the same people who discovered Kazaa and Joost
(P2P for television). Skype then competed with existing VoIP open protocols such as SIP, IAX, and
H.323. The Skype Group formed in September 2003 was purchased by a giant internet auction
company in America e-Bay in September 2005 and based in Luxembourg, Germany with offices in
London, England, Prague, Russia and San Jose, California, U.S.
Since skype was launched, it has experienced rapid growth both from its popular usage and
software development, the services offered are also diverse ranging from free and paid use.
In just a few years in April 2006 Skype had 100 million users.
Chapter 2 Discussion
B. Advantages of Skype
Skype price list for Indonesia
1. More economical global and local communication through voice or video conferencing. As an
illustration, in 2007 a telephone call to Indonesia from Indonesia was Rp.6,640, - / minute [2] whereas
by using Skype, this activity was obtained free (for fellow Skype users) and paid when Skype was
used to call a mobile phone: Rp.1,593 / minute or home telephone plane: Rp.423 / minute [3].
Communication becomes cheaper and affordable. Conferences can be held between users (two
people) up to five users at once.
2. Easy use. For users who are used to using internet instant senders, skype software will be easy.
Users are only required to have a computer with certain technical specifications, a headset (which has
a mike and speaker), and an internet connection.
3. The sound quality is better than the VoIP predecessor. The basic use of telephone conversations
through computers wherever the user is (with an internet connection) is free.
a. Better sound quality
In terms of better sound quality, this might happen because the Skype work team has managed
to control the resources available on the network. Increasing the success of calls and quality on the
Skype network exceeds the level of POTS (Plain Old Telephony System) without using expensive
resource concentration. By simplifying the software, this system allows easy application by anyone.
b. Traversal Firewall and NAT (Network Address Translation)
Clients who do not use firewalls and clients that are already in targeted public IP addresses can
help "connect" from NAT to communicate by directing calls. This allows two clients who initially
cannot communicate to talk to each other, because the call signal is translated to one end user and the
other end user, so that concerns about security or privacy risks can be overcome. Along with this, only
proxies have excessive "rations" chosen so that the performance of the user is not compromised.
Several new techniques have been developed to avoid firewall and gateway configurations for end
users, where insensitive configuration settings usually prevent the majority of users from
communicating. In short, Skype works behind the majority of firewalls and gateways without using
special configurations.
c. Data and Decentralized Global User Search Tools
Most of the sender-recipients of instant messaging (Instant Messenger) or communication
software require a centralized form of data search that aims to make the relationship between end
users successful, where these end users have static usernames because their IP addresses tend to
change.
This change occurs when a user switches locations or tries to connect back to the network
using a dynamic IP address. Most of the internet-based communication tools, find and find users
using central information (central directory) where each user name and IP number are recorded and
find out whether each user is on the network (online) or not. This central information is very large
when users increase to millions, by decentralizing infrastructure that takes up a lot of this resource,
Skype successfully focuses its resources on developing functions. P2P network technology used by
file-sharing applications is actually almost suitable for use on decentralized networks used by Skype,
but these networks are naturally divided. Search cannot connect all the "edges" on the network. So
to be able to communicate with good quality telephone at the lowest possible cost, it is necessary to
develop a third generation of P2P technology ("3G P2P") or also known as the Global Index (Global
Index) abbreviated IG - this proves once again the paradigm shift in the term " possible network ". IG
technology is a multi-layered network where the super-linkages (supernones) communicate with
each other in a certain way so that each link in the network has full knowledge of each existing user
and the resources used in the envelope (call pauses) to a minimum
d. Intelligent routing
By using all available resources, Skype is able to smartly direct coded call calls through all the
effective paths that may be traversed. Skype even ensures that various connecting lines remain open
and dynamically switches to choose the best route at that time. This makes Skype immediately a
concern for people because of its impact in reducing connection breaks and increasing the quality of
calls on the network.
e. Security
Every call and instant message is encoded by Skype at one end and another to protect user
privacy. This coding is necessary because all information calls / exchanges are channeled using
Internet facilities to the public.
f. Easy to use
With a device that is easy to use and does not make it difficult for users, Skype is made as
simple as possible - everyone who can use Windows applications and phones because this software
can work well with pocket computer operating systems (pocket PC), Windows 2000, Windows XP,
Windows Vista , Pocket PC, Mac OS X and Linux.
C. Skype deficiency
1. Fraud. Like all relationships made via the internet, Skype also has the same problem with
registering user identities. Registration can be done without submitting a legitimate identity so that as
a user we can choose not to use real names and on the same party we risk getting to know people
without knowing their identities. This is prone to fraud and other crimes.
2. Large capacity. Skype takes up 23MB of hard disk capacity when installed, compared to other
instant messaging senders such as Yahoo Messenger which takes up around 10-15 MB of smaller
capacity.
3. Obstructed by the time and willingness of the person who calls and is called. The use of skype
with the sound method must be done with previous plans such as making an appointment with the
intended person, because if the intended person is not ready (hindered by the difference in time or
difficulty of the internet connection) then the intention to make direct communication through voice
can be in vain.
4. There is no emergency call with Skype. Skype cannot be used for emergency calls.
D. How to Protect Skype Accounts
How to protect your account You have changed the password for the target account, know the
Skype login, and are able to use the target Skype account. But someone can take it back from you,
like you did (the owner for example). To prevent you from changing your primary email to a specific
address, nobody knows.
To do this:
1. Enter on the Skype website.
2. Go to the "profile" link (click to enlarge):
3. Account information, go down, to "Contact details", click "Add email address":
4. Add your email address, which nobody knows, but you:
Click the save button at the bottom of the form. After reloading the page, refresh the page again
to prevent some strange interference from the site (if you will not return the page, after you follow the
steps, it will forget steps 4 and 5 and discard the one that works a little.
5. Scroll to Contact details again. Click "Add email address" again. Switch the main email to the
new one. Click the "Save" button at the bottom of the form, again. This will ask you for your
password. You know that already. Type the password and click the button with the mouse, not by
"Enter". After reloading the page, refresh the page again to prevent some strange interference from the
site (explained above).
6. Scroll to Contact details again. Click "Add email address" again. Delete (with backspace and /
or delete key) all emails but the main:
7. Click the "Save" button at the bottom of the form. Make sure all changes are implemented
(sometimes requires two or more efforts, because this site is developed by curly hand programmers).
8. Tell your friends how to protect your Skype account. Immediately
When there is no other way to protect your Skype account, unless the primary email
changes to multiple addresses are unknown. After the account is stolen, it has the ability to
retrieve all your IM history from other colleagues. If you have lost your account, contact all
your required contacts and tell them to delete you from their contact list. This prevents the
exchange of IM history (if it hasn't already happened).
Chapter 3 Closing
A. Conclusion
That by using Skype we can meet face to face even though with a great distance, using it is also very
easy as long as we are connected to the internet and can also establish the trust of fellow Muslims.
B. Suggestion
Need to learn to use the internet network wisely so that we are not addicted. It is better for internet
users to use it in a positive way so that they can increase knowledge for those who use the internet,
but don't use the internet too often because it can damage the eyes and can reduce the performance of
the left brain.
C. Cover
Thus, what we can explain about the material that is the subject of this paper, of course, is
that there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses, due to the limited knowledge and lack
of references or references that have to do with the title of this paper.
