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STAS 111 - Intellectual Revolutions

The scientific revolution from the 16th to 17th century marked a radical change in scientific inquiry. New ideas spread due to the printing press, exploration fueled research needs, and translation of Muslim scholars' works exposed Europeans to new knowledge. Ptolemy's geocentric model was disproven by Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler calculated oval planetary orbits, Galileo observed moons around Jupiter supporting Copernicus, and Newton used math to prove gravity. Charles Darwin's voyage on the Beagle influenced his theory of evolution by natural selection. Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis and proposed concepts like the pleasure principle and reality principle.

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Andrew Gautane
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29 views

STAS 111 - Intellectual Revolutions

The scientific revolution from the 16th to 17th century marked a radical change in scientific inquiry. New ideas spread due to the printing press, exploration fueled research needs, and translation of Muslim scholars' works exposed Europeans to new knowledge. Ptolemy's geocentric model was disproven by Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler calculated oval planetary orbits, Galileo observed moons around Jupiter supporting Copernicus, and Newton used math to prove gravity. Charles Darwin's voyage on the Beagle influenced his theory of evolution by natural selection. Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis and proposed concepts like the pleasure principle and reality principle.

Uploaded by

Andrew Gautane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTELLECTUAL

REVOLUTIONS
What is Scientific
Revolution?
 is used to refer to the great intellectual
achievements of science from sixteenth
to seventeenth century marking a
radical change in the assumptions
attitudes and methods in scientific
inquiry.
Causes of the Scientific Revolution

• Printing press spread new ideas

• Age of Exploration fueled a great deal of scientific


research because of technology needed for navigation

• Translation of the works of Muslim scholars opened the


minds of European thinkers to new scientific knowledge
Before the Scientific Revolution…
Ptolemy
(87-100 A.D.) Ptolemy’s geocentric model of the solar
system:

1. Earth
2. Moon
3. Mercury
4. Venus
5. Sun
6. Mars
7. Jupiter
8. Saturn

• Notice, the Earth is first, and


not the sun, as it should be.
Tycho Brahe

•Then, in the late


1500s, the Danish
astronomer Tycho
•Brahe provided

evidence that
supported
Copernicus’
heliocentric theory.
Johannes Kepler

•His calculations also


showed that the planets
moved in oval shaped
orbits, and not perfect
circles, as Ptolemy and
Copernicus believed.
Galileo Galilei
•

• Galileo assembled the first telescope


which allowed him to see mountains on
the moon and fiery spots on the sun.
• He also observed four moons rotating around
Jupiter – exactly the way Copernicus said the
Earth rotated around the sun.

•
The Scientific Method

Newton

• He used math to prove the existence of


gravity - a force that kept planets in their
orbits around the sun, and also caused
objects to fall towards the earth.
February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882

by Katharine E. Hamilton
In 1831, he began a 5 year voyage on the
HMS Beagle that would change his life.
use or disuse of organs
gain or lose traits over time.

passed on to
the next generation
Father of psychoanalysis.
pleasure principle

“reality principle”

“moral principle”
conscience

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