Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of City of San Fernando

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN GRADE 9 MATHEMATICS

I. OBJECTIVES (Layunin)
A. Content Standards
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of quadratic equations, inequalities and functions,
and rational algebraic equations.
B. Performance Standard
Is able to investigate thoroughly mathematical relationships in various situations, formulate real-life
problems involving quadratic equations, inequalities and functions, and rational algebraic equations and
solve them using a variety of strategies.
C. Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC)
The learner

1. models real-life situations using quadratic functions (M9AL-Ig-2)

2. represents a quadratic function using: (a) table of values; (b) graph; and (c) equation. (M9AL-
Ig-3)
D. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. Recognize quadratic function
2. identify quadratic function using table of values, graph and equation
3. solve problems involving quadratic functions
4. graph quadratic function

II.CONTENT (Nilalaman)
Quadratic Equation
III.LEARNING RESOURCES (KagamitangPanturo)
A. Reference
1. Teacher’s Guide pages
2. Learner’s Materials pages P. 125-155
3. Textbook pages
4. Additional materials from Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning Resources
Next Century Mathematics pg. 2-50
IV.PROCEDURE (Pamamaraan)

A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson ( Balik-aral sa nakaraang aralin at/o pagsisimula ng
bagong aralin).
How are you today?
Enjoy learning okay.
Before we start let’s review what table of value is and how to graph in a Cartesian Plane
Example 1: Find the solution set of y=x 2 +3 x+ 2
Step 1: Construct a table of values of x and y
x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
y
Step 2: Find the value of y by substituting the value of x to the given equation
x=−5 x=−4 x=−3 x=−2
2
y=x +3 x+ 2 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2
y=¿ y=¿ y=¿ y=¿
y=25−15+2 y=16−12+2 y=9−9+ 2 y=4−6+2
y=12 y=6 y=2 y=0

x=−1 x=0
 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2
y=¿ y=¿
y=1−3+2 y=0−0+ 2
y=0 y=2

x=1 x=2
2
y=x +3 x+ 2 y=x 2 +3 x+ 2
y=¿ y=¿
y=1+3+ 2 y=4+ 6+2
y=6 y=12

Step 3: Complete the table of values.

x -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
y 12 6 2 0 0 2 6 12
Step 4: Graph the order pair on the table of values. The graph of an quadratic equation or inequality is called a
parabola. All set of x are what we called domain and all set of y ordinate.
Step 5: List all the order pair so that you can easily graph the given quadratic equation.
A(-5,12) B(-4,6) C(-3,2) D(-2,0) E(-1,0) F(0,2) G(1,6) H(2,12)

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson (Paghahabi sa layunin ng

aralin)
Suspension Bridges

If you hold the two ends of a rope, it drops down into a curve, called a
catenary. Some people mistake this curve for a parabola, but it
actually isn't one. Interestingly, if you hang weights from the rope, the
curve changes shape so that the points of suspension lie on a
parabola, not a catenary. So, the hanging cables of suspension
bridges actually form parabolas, not catenaries.
C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson (Pag-uugnay ng
mga halimbawa sa bagong aralin)
Now let’s start our lesson.

Definition of Quadratic Function

A function “f” is a quadratic function defined by : f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
A

quadratic function can be recognized by its equation. The equation : f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c is referred to as the
standard form of the quadratic function.

Example 1. Identify if the given is a quadratic function. f ( x )=2 x 2−x +1

Solution: The function . f ( x )=2 x 2−x +1 is of the form : f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c . Since a = 2 ≠ 0, and : f ( x ) is of the
second degree, then it is a quadratic function.

Example 2. Identify if the given is a quadratic function. f ( x )=3 x (x +2)

Solution: First, let’s expand the right side of the function f ( x )=3 x ( x+2 ) =3 x 2 +6 x
Since, a = 3 ≠ 0, and : f ( x ) is of the second degree then it is a quadratic function.

Now try this! Identify which of the following are quadratic function
1. f ( x )=−x ¿ 2. f ( x )=2 ¿
 Solution: 1.) By expanding the given function, we will get: f ( x )=−x ¿
f ( x )=−x (x 2 +2 x+1)
f ( x )=−x 3 −2 x 2−x
f ( x ) is of the third degree. Hence, this is not quadratic function.
2.) Expanding and simplifying the right side of the function : f ( x )=2 ¿
f ( x )=2( x2−2 x +1)+3
f ( x )=2 x 2−4 x+2+3
f ( x )=2 x 2−4 x+5
Since a = 2 ≠ 0, and : f ( x ) is of the second degree, then it is a quadratic function.
Activity 1. Now Try this on your own. State whether of the following equations represents a quadratic function or not.
Complete the table below.

N Equations Yes or No Equations Yes

o No or No Score Description
1 2 6 x 9-10 Very Good
y=x +2 y=2 +3 x+2 7-8 Good
2 y=2 x−10 7 5-6 Fair
y=2 x 2 3-4 Turn to page 9
sec. J and work
3 y=9−2 x 2 8 y=(x−2)¿ 0-2 on the
enrichment Now,
activities
4 y=2x +2 9 y= ( x −3 )( x +3 ) + x 2
check your work by turning to
5 y=3 x 2 + x 3+ 2 10 3 x 3+ y−2 x=0 page 9 - 10 for the key to
correction.
How many correct answers did you get? Rate your result using the table above.
If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion.

If not, you to go to Section J and answer the activity 1 there.

D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng bagong
kasanayan #1
Now let’s proceed with the next part of the discussion.

Second Differences Test

A relation “f” is a quadratic function if equal differences in the independent variable “x” produce non
zero equal second differences I the function value of “f(x)”

Example 1. Determine if this given is a quadratic function or not. x 0 1 2 3 4

Step 1. Get the difference in “x” f ¿) 3 4 7 12 19

x 0 1 2 3 4

Difference in x 1 1 1 1
Note that ax x increases uniformly, f(x)
also increase. Also and equal difference
Step 2. Get the 1st and 2nd difference of “ f ( x)
of 1 is produced in x. No equal
difference is produced in the first
f ¿) 3 4 7 12 19 difference in f(x). But equal difference of
2 is produced in the difference of the
first differences. This is called the
1st Difference in f (x) 1 3 5 7 Second Difference Hence, the relation
f is a quadratic function

2nd Difference in f (x) 2 2 2

x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Example 2. Determine if this given is a quadratic function or not. f ¿) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 Step 1. Get the difference in “x”

x 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Difference in x 1 1 1 1 1 1

Step 2. Get the 1st and 2nd difference of “ f ( x) Note that equal difference in x
produced equal second differences in
f ¿) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 f(x). However, the second differences
are 0. This f(x) is not quadratic
function. In fact, f(x) is a linear
1st Difference in f (x) 1 1 1 1 1 1 function since the differences in x is
produced equal first difference

2nd Difference in f (x) 0 0 0 0 0

Now try this! Using Second Difference Test, Identify the following table of values if they represent a quadratic
function
1. x2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿) 1 8 27 64 125 216 f ¿) 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0 5
Answer: _________________ Answer: _________________

Solution: Item No. 1 is not quadratic function because it produces unequal second differences (2, 28, 24, 30).
Item No. 2 is a quadratic function, because it produces an equal second differences which is 2.

If not, you to go to Section J and answer the activity 2 there.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2 (Pagtalakay ng bagong konsepto at paglalahad ng bagong
kasanayan #2
This time, we will graph our quadratic function.

Quadratic Function can be represented in a number of ways, Two of those of ways are table of value and its graph.
Example 1. Construct a table of values for each quadratic function and graph the points of f ( x )=x 2−3
Step 1. Construct a table of values like this example
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿)
Step 2. Substitute the value of x in the given quadratic function to find its corresponding value of f(x).
Remember that f(x) is also equal to y.

x=−3 x=−2 x=−1 x=0 x=1

y=x 2−3 y=x 2−3 y=x 2−3 y=x 2−3 y=x 2−3
y=(−3)2−3 y=(−2)2−3 y=(−1)2−3 y=(0)2−3 y=(1)2−3
y=9−3 y=4−3 y=1−3 y=0−3 y=1−3
y=6 y=1 y=−2 y=−3 y=−2
x=2 x=3
y=x 2−3 y=x 2−3
y=(2)2−3 y=(−3)2−3
y=4−3 y=9−3
y=1 y=6
Step 3: Complete the table of values.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y 6 1 -2 -3 -2 1 6
Step 4: Graph the order pair on the table of values.
Step 5: List all the order pair so that you can easily graph the given
quadratic equation.
A(-3,6) B(-2,1) C(-1,-2) D(0,-3) E(1,-2) F(2,1) G(3,6)

Example 2. Construct a table of values for each quadratic function and

graph the points of f ( x )=−x 2 +2 x+3
Step 1. Construct a table of values like this example
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿)
Step 2. Substitute the value of x in the given quadratic function to find its corresponding value of f(x).
Remember that f(x) is also equal to y.
x=−3 x=−2 x=−1 x=0
2
y=−x +2 x+ 3 y=−x2 +2 x+ 3 y=−x2 +2 x+ 3 y=−x2 +2 x+ 3
y=−(−3)2 +2(−3)+3 y=−(−2)2+ 2(−2)+ 3 y=−(−1)2+ 2(−1)+3 y=−(0)2 +2(0)+3
y=−( 9 )−6 +3 y=−( 4 )−4 +3 y=−( 1 )−2+3 y=−( 0 ) +2+3
y=−9−6 +3 y=−4−4+3 y=−1−2+3 y=5
y=−12 y=−5 y=0
x=1 x=2 x=3
y=−x2 +2 x+ 3 y=−x2 +2 x+ 3 y=−x2 +2 x+ 3
y=−(1)2+2(1)+3 y=−(2)2+ 2(2)+3 y=−(3)2 +2(3)+ 3
y=−( 1 )+ 2+3 y=−( 4 )+ 4+ 3 y=−( 9 ) +6+3
y=4 y=−4+ 4+ 3 y=−9+6+3
y=3 y=0
Step 3: Complete the table of values.
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -12 -5 0 3 4 3 0
Step 4: Graph the order pair on the table of values.
Step 5: List all the order pair so that you can easily graph the given
quadratic equation.
A(-3,-12) B(-2,-5) C(-1,0) D(0,3) E(1,4) F(2,3) G(3,0)

Note that the parabola that we create is a little different. The opening of the
parabola is downward. When a is negative in f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c The opening of
the parabola is downward. Like this example f ( x )=−x 2 +2 x+3 . When a is

positive in f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c then the opening of the parabola is upward like in

our example 1. f ( x )=x 2−3

Now try this! Construct a table of
values and graph the given quadratic function.
f ( x )=x 2−4 x +1
Use graphing paper if you have to that you will no longer needed to create boxes for the Cartesian plane.
You should get this graph:

F. Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Now let’s try if you really understand the lesson by answering the following questions.
Part 1. Tell whether the following function is quadratic or not. If yes give its standard form
 1. 2 x+7= y 2 Answer: ____________
2. y=3 x ( x +5) Answer: ____________
3. 0=( x−4 )2− y Answer: ____________
4. y=(x +5)( x−3) Answer: ____________
5. y=7 ( x−3 )−x 2 Answer: ____________
Part 2. Using Second Difference Test, identify whether the following table of values represents a quadratic function.
x 3 4 5 6 7 8 6. 7.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
f ¿ ) -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 f ¿ ) -2 5 12 5 -2
Answer: _________________ Answer: _________________
8. x -3 -2 -1 0 1 9.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
f ¿) 3 5 9 15 23 f ¿) 36 13 0 -3 4
Answer: _________________ Answer: _________________
Part 3. Construct a table of values for the given quadratic function.
10. y=−2 x 2 +4−3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿)
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living ( Paglalapat ng aralin sa pang-araw-araw na
buhay)
Now this are some the application of quadratic function.
1. The distance S (in meters) traveled by a freely falling body after t seconds can be modeled as:
S=4.9 t 2
2. The mileage M in mi/gal of a car driven at the rate of r mi/h is:
r 1
M= ( 72−r )∨M = ( 72−r 2 )
36 36
3. The area A of a rectangular lot has a length which is 3 units longer thatn twice its width w. In symbols.
A=w ( 2 w+3 )∨ A=2 w2 +3 w
H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson (Paglalahat ng aralin)
As Summary:

Definition of Quadratic Function Second Differences Test

A function “f” is a quadratic function defined by : A test to determine if the given table of value
f ( x )=ax2 +bx +c represent a quartic function. The second differences of the
where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. It is also y or f(x) could be any real numbers. However, if the second
differences are zero, the given table of values is not
known as the standard form of quadratic function.
quadratic function.

I. Evaluating learning (Pagtataya ng aralin)

Part 1. Determine whether the following function represents a quadratic function. Remember that f(x) = y.
1. y=2 x +6−x2 6. f ( x )=−x 2−2 x−6

2. y= ( x −3 ) +(2 x+ 5) 7. f ( x )=( x−8 ) ( x +2 ) −x2

3. x 2+ 3 x +6=−x 2−3 x− y 8. f ( x )=x 3 +5 x−2

 4. y=3 x 2−4 x−2 9. x +3= y 2

5. f ( x )=x−3 10. x 2+ 2 x−10=−2 x2 − y

Part 2. Determine if the given table of values represents a quadratic function using the second difference test.
1. 2. x -3 -2 0 1 2
x -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f ¿ ) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 f ¿ ) -1 1 27 125 216
3. 4.
x -4 -2 0 2 4 x -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿) -14 -2 2 -2 -14 f ¿) 0 3 4 3 0

5. 6.
x -4 -3 -2 1 x 0 4 8 12 14
f ¿) 0 -1 0 3 f ¿) 1 8 27 64 125

J. Additional activities for application or remediation (Karagdaganggawain para sa takdang aralin at remediation)
Acitivity 1. State whether each equation describe a quadratic function or not.

N Equations Yes or No Equations Yes

Score Description
o No or No 9-10 Very Good
1 y=3−x 2 6 y=(x−2) −x 2 2
7-8 Good
5-6 Fair
2 y=x −2 7 y=2(x+5)2 +7 3-4 Go back to
Section C and
3 8 0-2 try all over again
y=x 2−5 x +2 y= ( 4 x +3 )−(5 x+2)
4 y=¿ 9 x 2+ y 2=1 Now, check your work by
turning to page 9 - 10 for the
5 y=3 x +3 10 y=(1−x )(5−3 x ) key to correction.
How many correct answers did
you get? Rate your result using the table above.
If your score is at least 5 out of 10, you may now proceed to next part of the discussion in Section D.

If not, you to go to Section C and try all over again.

 Key to Correction:
Activity 1. Now Try this on your own. State whether of the following equations represents a quadratic function or
not. Complete the table below.

N Equations Yes or No Equations Yes

o No or No
1 y=x 2 +2 YES 6 y=2x +3 x+2 NO
2 y=2 x−10 NO 7 y=2 x 2 YES
3 y=9−2 x 2 YES 8 y=(x−2)¿ ) YES
4 y=2x +2 NO 9 y= ( x −3 )( x +3 ) + x 2 YES
5 y=3 x 2 + x 3+ 2 NO 10 3 x 3+ y−2 x=0 NO

Developing mastery (Paglinang sa kabihasnan)

Part 1. Tell whether the following function is quadratic or not. If yes give its standard form
1. 2 x+7= y 2 Answer: NO
2. y=3 x ( x +5) Answer: YES, y=3 x 2 +15 x
2
3. 0=( x−4 ) − y Answer: YES, y=x 2−8 x +16
4. y=(x +5)( x−3) Answer: YES, y=x 2 +2 x−15
5. y=7 ( x−3 )−x 2 Answer: NO
Part 2. Using Second Difference Test, identify whether the following table of values represents a quadratic function.
6. Not Quadratic Function 7. Not Quadratic Function 8. Quadratic Function 9. Quadratic Function
Part 3. Construct a table of values for the given quadratic function.
10. y=−2 x 2 +4−3
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f ¿) -17 -7 -1 1 -1 -7 -17

J.Additional activities

Acitivity 1. State whether each equation describe a quadratic function or not.

N Equations Yes or No Equations Yes

o No or No
1 y=3−x 2 YES 6 y=(x−2)2−x 2 NO
2 y=x −2 NO 7 y=2(x+5)2 +7 YES
3 y=x 2−5 x +2 YES 8 y= ( 4 x +3 )−(5 x+2) YES
4 y=¿ YES 9 x 2+ y 2=1 NO
5 y=3 x +3 NO 10 y=(1−x )(5−3 x ) YES

If you need more help, you may reach me at cp # 09354982767 or send me a private message thru my facebook
account Paul John V Tasic