2007 Spring Database Systems

Homework III 參考解答

1. Specify the following queries on the COMPANY relational database schema shown in
Figure 5.5, using the relational operators discussed in this chapter. Also show the result
of each query as it would apply to the database state of Figure 5.6.
(a) Retrieve the names of employees in department 5 who work more than 10 hours per
week on the 'ProductX' project.
(b) List the names of employees who have a dependent with the same first name as
themselves.
(c) Find the names of employees that are directly supervised by 'Franklin Wong'.
(d) For each project, list the project name and the total hours per week (by all employees)
spent on that project.
(e) Retrieve the names of employees who work on every project.
(f) Retrieve the names of employees who do not work on any project.
(g) For each department, retrieve the department name, and the average salary of employees
working in that department.
(h) Retrieve the average salary of all female employees.
(i) Find the names and addresses of employees who work on at least one project located in
Houston but whose department has no location in Houston.
(j) List the last names of department managers who have no dependents.
Answers:
In the relational algebra, as in other languages, it is possible to specify the same query
in multiple ways. We give one possible solution for each query.

(a) EMP_W_X ← ( σ PNAME='ProductX' (PROJECT)) PNUMBER=PNO (WORKS_ON)

EMP_WORK_10 ← (EMPLOYEE) SSN=ESSN (σ HOURS>10 (EMP_W_X))

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME (σ DNO=5 (EMP_WORK_10))

Result:
LNAME FNAME
Smith John
English Joyce

1
(b) E ← (EMPLOYEE) SSN=ESSN AND FNAME=DEPENDENT_NAME (DEPENDENT)

R ← Π LNAME,FNAME (E)

Result (empty):
LNAME FNAME

(c) WONG_SSN ← Π SSN (σ FNAME='Franklin' AND LNAME='Wong' (EMPLOYEE))

WONG_EMPS ← (EMPLOYEE) SUPERSSN=SSN (WONG_SSN)

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME (WONG_EMPS)

Result:
LNAME FNAME
Smith John
Narayan Ramesh
English Joyce

(d) PROJ_HOURS(PNO,TOT_HRS) ← PNO ℑ SUM HOURS (WORKS_ON)

RESULT ← Π PNAME,TOT_HRS ( (PROJ_HOURS) PNO=PNUMBER (PROJECT) )

Result:
PNAME TOT_HRS
ProductX 52.5
ProductY 37.5
ProductZ 50.0
Computerization 55.0
Reorganization 25.0
Newbenefits 55.0

(e) PROJ_EMPS(PNO,SSN) ← Π PNO,ESSN (WORKS_ON)

ALL_PROJS(PNO) ← Π PNUMBER (PROJECT)

EMPS_ALL_PROJS ← PROJ_EMPS ÷ ALLPROJS

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME (EMPLOYEE * EMP_ALL_PROJS)

Result (empty):
LNAME FNAME

(f) ALL_EMPS ← Π SSN (EMPLOYEE)

WORKING_EMPS(SSN) ← Π ESSN (WORKS_ON)

2
 NON_WORKING_EMPS ← ALL_EMPS - WORKING_EMPS

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME (EMPLOYEE * NON_WORKING_EMPS)

Result (empty):
LNAME FNAME

(g) DEPT_AVG_SALS(DNUMBER,AVG_SAL) ← DNO ℑ AVG SALARY (EMPLOYEE)

RESULT ← Π DNAME,AVG_SAL ( DEPT_AVG_SALS * DEPARTMENT )

Result:
DNAME AVG_SAL
Research 33250
Administration 31000
Headquarters 55000

(h) RESULT(AVG_F_SAL) ← ℑAVG SALARY (σ SEX='F' (EMPLOYEE) )

Result:
AVG_F_SAL
31000
(i) E_P_HOU(SSN) ←

Π ESSN (WORKS_ON PNO=PNUMBER (σ PLOCATION='Houston' (PROJECT)))

D_NO_HOU ←

Π DNUMBER (DEPARTMENT) - Π DNUMBER (σ DLOCATION='Houston' (DEPARTMENT))

E_D_NO_HOU ← Π SSN (EMPLOYEE PNO=DNUMBER (D_NO_HOU))

RESULT_EMPS ← E_P_HOU - E_D_NO_HOU

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME,ADDRESS (EMPLOYEE * RESULT_EMPS)

Result:
LNAME FNAME ADDRESS
Wallace Jennifer 291 Berry, Bellaire, TX

(j) DEPT_MANAGERS(SSN) ← Π MGRSSN (DEPARTMENT)

EMPS_WITH_DEPENDENTS(SSN) ← Π ESSN (DEPENDENT)

3
 RESULT_EMPS ← DEPT_MANAGERS - EMPS_WITH_DEPENDENTS

RESULT ← Π LNAME,FNAME (EMPLOYEE * RESULT_EMPS)

Result:
LNAME FNAME
Borg James

2.

(a) R1 ←STUDENT S.SSN=E.SSN ENROLL

R2 ← Π COURSE# σ NAME=’JOHN SMITH’AND QUARTER=’W99’(R1))

Answer: R2

(b) R1← COURSE C.COURSE#=B.COURSE# BOOK_ADOPTION

R2(COURSE#, BOOK_NO) ← COURSE # ℑ COUNT BOOK_ISBN (R1)

R3←σCNAME=’CS’AND BOOK_NO>2 (COURSE C.COURSE#=R2.COURSE# R2)

R4← Π COURSE#, BOOK_ISBN (R3 R3.COURSE#=B.COURSE# BOOK_ADOPTION)

R5← Π COURSE#, BOOK_ISBN, BOOK_TITLE (R4 R4.BOOK_ISBN=T.BOOK_ISBN TEXT)

Answer: R5

(c) R1← Π COURSE#, PUBLISHER (BOOK_ADOPTION B.BOOK_ISBN=T.BOOK_ISBN TEXT)

R2←σ COUNT_PUB=’1’ (COURSE# ℑ COUNT PUBLISHER (R1))

R3←σ PUBLISHER=’AWL Publishing’ (R2 R2.COURSE#=R1.COURSE# R1)

R4← Π CNAME (COURSE C.COURSE#=R3.COURSE# R3)

Answer: R4

4
3.

Answer:
(a) PQRABC
10 a 5 10 b 6
10 a 5 10 b 5
25 a 6 25 c 3
(b) PQRABC
15 b 8 10 b 6
15 b 8 10 b 5
(c) PQRABC
10 a 5 10 b 6
10 a 5 10 b 5
15 b 8 null null null
25 a 6 25 c 3
(d) PQRABC
15 b 8 10 b 6
null null null 25 c 3
15 b 8 10 b 5
(e) PQR
10a 5
15 b 8
25 a 6
10b 6
25 c 3
10b 5
(f) PQRABC
10 a 5 10 b 5

4. Specify queries (a), (b), (c), (e), (f), (i), and (j) of Question 1 in both the tuple relational
calculus and the domain relational calculus.

Answer:

(a) Retrieve the names of employees in department 5 who work more than 10 hours per
week on the 'ProductX' project.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND e.DNO=5 AND (∃ p) (∃ w)

(WORKS_ON(w) AND PROJECT(p) AND e.SSN=w.ESSN AND
w.PNO=p.PNUMBER AND p.PNAME='ProductX' AND w.HOURS>10 ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

5
 { qs | EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND z=5 AND (∃ a) (∃ b) (∃ e)

(∃ f) (∃ g) ( WORKS_ON(efg) AND PROJECT(abcd) AND t=e AND f=b AND

a='ProductX' AND g>10 ) }

(b) List the names of employees who have a dependent with the same first name as
themselves.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND (∃ d) ( DEPENDENT(d) AND

e.SSN=d.ESSN AND e.FNAME=d.DEPENDENT_NAME ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ qs | (∃ t) (∃ a) (∃ b) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND DEPENDENT(abcde) AND a=t

AND b=q ) }

(c) Find the names of employees that are directly supervised by 'Franklin Wong'.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND (∃ s) ( EMPLOYEE(s) AND

s.FNAME='Franklin' AND s.LNAME='Wong' AND e.SUPERSSN=s.SSN ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ qs | (∃ y) (∃ a) (∃ c) (∃ d) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND EMPLOYEE(abcdefghij)

AND a='Franklin' AND c='Wong' AND y=d ) }

(e) Retrieve the names of employees who work on every project.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND (FORALL p) ( NOT(PROJECT(p)) OR

(∃ w) ( WORKS_ON(w) AND p.PNUMBER=w.PNO AND w.ESSN=e.SSN ) ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ qs | (∃ t) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND (FORALL b) (NOT(PROJECT(abcd)) OR

(∃ e) (∃ f) (WORKS_ON(efg) AND e=t AND f=b) ) }

6
(f) Retrieve the names of employees who do not work on any project.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND NOT(∃ w) ( WORKS_ON(w) AND

w.ESSN=e.SSN ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ qs | (∃ t) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND NOT(∃ a) ( WORKS_ON(abc) AND

a=t ) ) }

(i) Find the names and addresses of employees who work on at least one project located in
Houston but whose department has no location in Houston.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME, e.FNAME, e.ADDRESS | EMPLOYEE(e) AND (∃ p) (∃ w)

(WORKS_ON(w) AND PROJECT(p) AND e.SSN=w.ESSN AND
w.PNO=p.PNUMBER AND p.PLOCATION='Houston' AND NOT(∃ l)
( DEPT_LOCATIONS(l) AND e.DNO=l.DNUMBER AND
l.DLOCATION='Houston' ) ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ qsv | (∃ t) (∃ z) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND (∃ b) (∃ c) (∃ e) (∃ f)

( WORKS_ON(efg) AND PROJECT(abcd) AND t=e AND f=b AND c='Houston' AND
NOT(∃ h) NOT∃ i) ( DEPT_LOCATIONS(hi) AND z=h AND i='Houston' ) ) }

(j) List the last names of department managers who have no dependents.

Tuple relational Calculus:

{ e.LNAME | EMPLOYEE(e) AND (∃ d) ( DEPARTMENT(d) AND

e.SSN=d.MGRSSN AND NOT(∃ x) (DEPENDENT(x) AND e.SSN=x.ESSN) ) }

Domain relational Calculus:

{ s | (∃ t) ( EMPLOYEE(qrstuvwxyz) AND (∃ c) ( DEPARTMENT(abcd) AND t=c

AND NOT(∃ e) (DEPENDENT(efghi) AND e=t) ) }