TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Libali, Bhaktapur-8, Nepal

A
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
ON
“STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL
BUILDING”

(As a partial fulfillment of BE in Civil Engineering)

(Course code: CE 755)

PROJECT SUPERVISOR:
Er. CHANDRA KIRAN KAWAN

PROJECT MEMBERS:
ANTA RAJ SHAHI (073BCE50)
NARMAN KHATRI (073BCE62)
SABIN POUDEL KHATRI (073BCE70)
SRIJANA DUWAL (073BCE82)
SUSHANT ADHIKARI (073BCE92)
SUSHIL KATHAYAT (073BCE93)

March, 2021
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our very great appreciation toward KHWOPA COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING for creating a remarkable and healthy environment for carrying out this multi-
Storey building project. We would like to offer our special thanks Principal Er.Sunil Duwal and
Head of Department Er.Ramesh Bala for their support and motivation throughout the project.

We are highly indebted to our supervisor Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan for his all the technical
guidance, concept and systematic process for designing the Multi-Storey building. The project
would have been completely inaccurate and impossible without his support, untiring involvement
and encouragement in each and every aspect of work. His directional advices, intelligence and
cooperation lead to completion of this technical project report effectively. He had been so easy to
let us understand what we needed from time to time for the completion of this project.

Assistance provided by all the subject teachers was greatly appreciated. Our special thanks are
extended to friends who have been directly or indirectly involved in our project.

Our special thanks are extended to all the people who have been involved in our project by any
means.

PROJECT MEMBERS

Anta Raj Shahi 073BCE50

Narman Khatri 073BCE62

Sabin Poudel Khatri 073BCE70

Srijana Duwal 073BCE82

Sushant Adhikari 073BCE92

Sushil Kathayat 073BCE93

i
ABSTRACT

Tribhuvan University provides students a final year project for B.E. Civil Engineering serves as a
vital factor for understanding the practical issues that one has to face during practical applications.
The project is the output of all the theoretical knowledge that we have gained during these all these
four years of study period with the help of our supervisor and Civil Department.

Considering the various facts and as of our interest, we undertook the project on “Structural
Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Building”. The main objective of the project work is to
achieve the level of knowledge and practical understanding required to analyze and design high
rise structures. The project is intended for the structural analysis and design of commercial
buildings. The project incorporates all the stages of structural analysis and design through
determination of loading parameters, preliminary design of the structural members, structural
analysis and detailed design. Loads on the building have been determined using respective IS
Codes and they have been distributed accordingly. Preliminary design consists of assessment of
the dimensions of structural members such as beams, slabs, and columns. Preliminary dimensions
have been determined using basic building dimensions and provisions in the IS Codes. Structural
Analysis deals with analyzing the internal forces developed in the structural members as a result
of different kinds of loading such as dead loads, live loads, earthquake load. Structural Design
deals with sizing various members of the structures to resist the internal forces to which they are
subjected during their effective life span.

The computer aided design includes using a computer not only for visualization, analysis and
evaluation but also for the generation of design more accurately for the rapid generation of
computable design representations describing conceptual design alternatives. Potential design
alternatives are generated and evaluated in order to obtain the most promising solution.

This report is the outcome of hard work and perseverance. Any opinions, suggestions or criticism
for the project would be fruitful.

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................ iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... v
LIST OF NOTATIONS ................................................................................................................. vi
LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii
1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.4 BUILDING DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 3
1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS .......................................................................................... 4
1.7 LOADING PATTERN ......................................................................................................... 4
1.8 DESIGN METHOD .............................................................................................................. 5
Limit state method .................................................................................................................. 5
1.9 CODES USED ...................................................................................................................... 5
2. METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 6
3. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND LOADING ............................................................................. 7
3.1 STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN ......................................................................... 7
3.2 LOAD ................................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.1 Gravity Load .................................................................................................................. 7
3.2.2 Lateral Load ................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.3 Live Load ....................................................................................................................... 7
3.2.4 Earthquake Load ............................................................................................................ 8
4. PRELIMINARY DESIGN.......................................................................................................... 9
4.1 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ELEMENTS...................................................................... 10
4.1.1 Preliminary design of slab ........................................................................................... 10
4.1.3 Preliminary Design of Secondary Beam ...................................................................... 12
4.1.4 Preliminary Design of column ..................................................................................... 12
5. LOAD CALCULATION .......................................................................................................... 14

iii
 5.1 Slab load distribution by yield line theory .......................................................................... 14
6. ASSESSMENT OF LATERAL LOADS ................................................................................. 15
6.1 Selection of Method of Analysis......................................................................................... 15
6.2 Method of analysis .............................................................................................................. 16
7 Structural Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 19
7.1 Salient feature of ETABS 2017 .......................................................................................... 19
7.2 Structural analysis and design by ETABS 2017 ................................................................. 20
8. Detail Structural Design ............................................................................................................ 25
8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 25
8.2 Limit State Method ............................................................................................................. 25
8.3 Design of Slab ..................................................................................................................... 27
8.4 Design of Staircase ............................................................................................................. 34
8.5 Design of Beam: ................................................................................................................. 52
Design of Primary Beam:...................................................................................................... 53
Design of Secondary Beam:.................................................................................................. 65
8.6 Design of Column: .............................................................................................................. 76
8.7 Design of Foundation .......................................................................................................... 82
8.8 Design of Basement Shear wall: ......................................................................................... 87
8.9 Design of Lift Wall: ............................................................................................................ 91
9. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................... 127
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 128
10.1 REFERENCE BOOKS: .................................................................................................. 128
10.2 REFERENCE CODES: .................................................................................................. 128

iv
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CM Center of Mass
CS Center of Stiffness
DL Dead Load
EL Earthquake Load
IS Indian Standard
LL Live Load
RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

v
LIST OF NOTATIONS

Ag Gross Area of Concrete

Ah Horizontal Seismic Coefficient

Ac Area of Concrete

Asc Area of steel in compression

Ast Area of steel in tension

B Width
d Effective Depth
d′ Effective Cover
D Overall Depth
fck Characteristics Strength of Concrete

fy Characteristics Strength of Steel

h Height of building
I Importance Factor (For Base Shear Calculation)
L Length of Member
R Response Reduction Factor
Sa/g Average Response Acceleration Coefficient

Ta Fundamental Natural Period of Vibrations

VB Design Seismic Base Shear

W Seismic Weight of Floor

Z Zone Factor
e Structural Eccentricity
Ix,Iy Moment of Inertia

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Load Distribution in slab

Figure 2: Flowchart showing method of analysis
Figure 3: Yield line theory
Figure 6.1: Spectral for equivalent static method
Figure 7.1: 3D Model
Figure 7.2: Axial Force Diagram
Figure 7.3: Shear Force Diagram
Figure 7.4: Bending Moment Diagram
Figure 7.5: Deformed shape
Figure 8.1: Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Primary Beam Load Calculation
Table 2: Secondary Beam Load Calculation
Table 3: Column Load Calculation
Table 4: Slab Load Calculation
Table 5: Shear Wall Load Calculation
Table 6: Centre of Mass of Primary Beam
Table 7: Centre of Mass of Secondary Beam
Table 8: Centre of Mass of Column
Table 9: Centre of Mass of Slab
Table 10: Centre of Mass of Shear Wall
Table 11: Location of Geometrical Centroid
Table 12: Location of Centroid for Resultant Forces
Table 13: Center of Area of Mat Foundation
Table 14: Calculation of Moment of Inertia for Foundation
Table 15: Calculation of Corner Stresses
Table 16: Average Soil Pressure along Strips
Table 17: Check for Irregularity
Table 18: Determination of Seismic coefficient
Table 19: Lateral Load Calculation
Table 20: Seismic Load Calculation

viii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND

Earthquake is considered as the greatest and unpredictable among all other natural disasters. Loss
of lives and properties is extended in a worst-case scenario. The designer’s emphasis while
designing any structure should be such as the structure shall minimize the risk of hazards even if
large intensity of earthquake hits.

Structural analysis deals with analyzing different internal forces in the member of the structure
due to external forces. Structural designing deals with sizing various members of the structure to
resist the internal force to which they are subjected in the course of their life cycle. Unless the
proper structural detailing method is adopted the structural design will be not very much effective.
The available design standards, code of practice should be thoroughly implemented for proper
analysis, design and detailing with respect to safety, economy, stability, strength.

The project site Nepal lies on the severest zone V according to IS 1893: 2016. The intensity of
possible earthquake is pre-dominant than that of the wind load. Hence, earthquake load is major
consideration for analyzing the lateral loads. To withstand the possible earthquake forces, the
multi-story framed structure was considered as the main structural system of the structure.

1.2 OBJECTIVES

• Analysis of structure using structural analysis program

• Design and detailing of main structural elements of the building
• Modeling of building for the structural analysis
• Sectional design of structural components
• Structural detailing of member and the system

1
1.3 SCOPE
The project work is limited to the structural analysis and design only, some of the work and field
scopes are listed below:
➢ Design and Detailing of following structural elements is performed:
• Slab
• Beam
• Column
• Staircase
• Mat foundation
➢ Design and layout of the building services like pipeline, electrical appliances, sanitary
and sewage system are not covered.
➢ Study of architectural drawing and fixing structural system of building to carry all the
live load, dead load, and lateral loads.
➢ The project is not concerned with the existing soil condition of the locality.
➢ The environmental, social and economic condition of the locality is not taken into
consideration.
➢ To be familiar with different software and the structural analysis of a building by
ETABS 2017 for different cases of loads.
➢ The estimation and costing of the building can be done.
➢ In developing cities like Kathmandu, to solve the problem of land crisis designing and
construction of multistorey building for commercial, residential purpose can be
adopted.

2
1.4 BUILDING DESCRIPTION

Type of the Project : Structural Analysis and Design of Earthquake resistant

Residential cum Commercial Building
Building type : Multi-Storey Building
Location : Putalisadak, Kathmandu
Structure type : SMRF
Plinth area cover : 623.5 m2
Type of foundation : Mat foundation
Numbers of Storey : 1 Basement + Ground + 6 Floors+1 Roof
Floor & total height : 3.1m Basement, Ground to Fourth Floor 2.85m, Fifth
Floor 2.75m, Top Floor 2.55m (Total height of 19.55m)
Type of sub-soil : Medium soil (assumed)
Type of beam : Rectangular beam
Type of column : Rectangular Column
Type of slab : Two way
Type of staircase : Dog legged and Open well
Type of foundation : Mat Foundation
Method of Analysis : Limit State Design
Grade of concrete : M25
Grade of steel : Fe 500
Dead load : As per IS:875 (Part I)
Live load : As per IS:875 (Part II)
Seismic zone :V
Seismic load : As per IS:1893
Soil type : Medium
Bearing capacity of soil : 150 KN/m2

3
1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS
• Dead loads are calculated as per IS 875 (Part 1) -1987.
• Seismic loads are taken according to IS 1893 (Part 1)-2016 considering site location
(Kathmandu located at Zone V).
• Imposed loads are taken according to IS 875(Part 2)-1987.

1.7 LOADING PATTERN

The loading is applied to the slab elements directly. The total load (DL and LL) on staircase is
equally distributed on both supporting beam and the load is converted to UDL.
Dead loads are computed from the dimensions of the structural member such as walls, beams,
slabs, etc. and their material densities confirming to IS 875 (Part I). The uniformly distributed dead
and live load acting on the slab are transferred to the beams holding the slab. The slab load is
distributed on the floor beams as shown in figure below. The smaller beam holds the triangular
load and the longer beams hold the trapezoidal load as shown in figure. The beam element also
resists the self-weight and the wall load including all the finish loads on wall such as external and
internal plaster.

Figure 1 Load Distribution in slab

4
1.8 DESIGN METHOD
We adopt limit state design method for design.
Limit state method
It uses the concept of the probability and based on the application of method of statistic to the
variation that occurs in the practice in the loads acting in the structures or in the strength of
material. In the method of design based on the limit state concept, the structure shall be designed
to withstand safely all loads liable to act on it throughout its life; it shall also satisfy the
serviceability requirements, such as limitation on deflection and cracking should be based on
characteristic value for materials strength and applied load. The designed values are derived from
characteristics value through, the use of partial factor of safety for load and strength.
The various limit states to be considered in design may be grouped in design may be grouped into
the following three major categories:
• Limit state of collapse
• Limit state of serviceability, and Other limit states.

1.9 CODES USED

• Indian Standard, Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS 456-2000,
• Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456-2000, SP-16,
• Criteria Earthquake Resistant Design Structures IS 1893-2016,
• Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces Code of
Practice IS 13920-2016.
• Code of practice for Design loads IS 875 part-I(Dead) and part- II(Imposed).

Preliminary design of the beam and slab is done by considering depth of beam as per the control
of vertical deflection criteria as stated by IS 456:2000 Clause 23.2. The preliminary design of
column is done by considering the factored axial load on the column as stated in IS 456:2000
Clause 39.3.

These codes are based on principles of Limit State of Design.

5
2. METHODOLOGY

Collecting architectural drawing

Preliminary design of the structural elements beam, columns

and slab

Manual Calculations of loads

Modeling of frame structure on ETABS 2017

Assign the actual load and analyze the structure

Abstract the results from ETABS 2017 and design the members

Make the detailing accordingg to design values

End of the project

Figure 2 Flowchart showing method of analysis

6
3. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND LOADING
3.1 STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN
The planning of the building has been done as per available land area, shape, space according to
building bylaws and requirement of Office building. The positioning of columns, staircases, lifts,
restrooms etc. are appropriately done and accordingly beam arrangements is carried out so that the
whole building will be aesthetically, functionally and economically feasible. Structural grids are
analyzed for different load combinations. Grids behaving structurally like are represented by a
single analysis.
The aim of design is the achievements of an acceptable probability that structures being design
will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety, they
should sustain all the loads and deformations of normal construction and use and have adequate
durability.

3.2 LOAD
3.2.1 Gravity Load
Gravity load is the self-weight of the structural members. It is analogous to dead load. The Dead
load comprises the loads due to the materials used in the construction and parts or components in
a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like beam, column, wall slab, staircase,
finishes applied in the building and some permanent structures like water tanks etc.
3.2.2 Lateral Load
Lateral load acting in the building is earthquake load and wind load. But in case of Kathmandu
valley, wind is not severe. Thus, only earthquake load analysis is carried out. For the analysis of
earthquake load, Seismic Coefficient method (Static Method) is carried out.
3.2.3 Live Load
Live load also known as imposed is the load on structures includes the weight of stored solid
materials and liquids and the load imposed by vehicles and moving equipment’s.
The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the building. These are to be
chosen from codes as IS 875:1987 (Part II) for various occupancies The live load distribution
varies with the time. Hence, each member is designed for the worst combination for dead and live
loads.

7
3.2.4 Earthquake Load
Earthquake or Seismic load on a building depends upon its geographical location, lateral stiffness
and mass. Its effect should be considered along both axis of building taken only one at a time.
During an earthquake, the mass is imparted by the building whereas acceleration is imparted by
the ground disturbance. In order to have minimum force, the mass of the building should be as low
as possible. The inertia force is resisted by the building and the resisting force at the center of
rigidity at each floor of the building. There are two methods to determine the earthquake force in
the building.
1. Seismic coefficient method or Static method
2. Response Spectrum Analysis

8
4. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Preliminary sizing of the flexural members of the structural system i.e., slabs and beams are
worked out as per the limit state of serviceability (deflection) consideration by conforming to
IS456:2000 Clause: 23.2.1. Similarly, for the compression member i.e., columns, the cross
sectional is of the column is worked out from the net vertical axial load on the column lying in the
ground floor assuming suitable percentage of steel. The net vertical axial load on each column is
worked out from the factored dead load and live load on the contributing area, which is taken as
half of the slab areas adjacent to the column under consideration. The load is increased by 20% for
the earthquake load to give the net vertical load.

Design Data:

Concrete Grade = M25

Steel Grade = Fe 500

Dead loads:

Density of masonry = 18.85 kN/m3

Density of concrete = 25 kN/m3

Imposed load:

Floor Finish Load = 0.505kN/m2

Staircase Passage = 3kN/m2
Floor Load = 4kN/m2

9
4.1 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF ELEMENTS
4.1.1 Preliminary design of slab

According to clause 23.2 of IS 456, Deflection Control Criteria:

(l/d) < αβγλ

where,

α= 7 for cantilever

= 20 for simply supported

= 26 for continuous

α is the basic value of vertical deflection limit 𝜷 is the modification factor for

tension reinforcement λ is the reduction factor for ratios of span to effective

depth for flanged section

ϒ is the modification factor for compression reinforcement

Taking span B7-B4-C7-C4

Longer clear span (ly) =6950mm

Shorter clear span (lx) =6100mm

Bending occurs in shorter span. So,

Effective span of slab (Lx) = 6100mm

𝐿𝑦 6950
= = 1.139 < 2
𝐿𝑥 6100
So, two-way slab should be designed

For effective depth of the slab,

(l/d) < αβγλ

d > 6100/(23*1.5)

d > 176.811

10
Let us take, d=180mm

Adopt effective cover = 25mm

Total depth (D) =205mm>150mm

Since, value of ‘D’ is greater than 150mm so, there is need of secondary beam

Now, providing beam in the direction perpendicular to the longer span

Then, Shorter clear span (lx) =3475mm

For, effective depth of slab

𝑙𝑥 𝑙
≥ ( ) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 ∗ 𝛼𝛽𝛾
𝑑 𝑑
3475
≥ 23 ∗ 1.5
𝑑

𝑑 ≥ 100.72𝑚𝑚

Provide (d) = 102mm

Effective cover = 25mm: from table 16 of IS:456

Therefore, Total depth (D) = 10+25 = 125mm

4.1.2 Preliminary Design of Primary Beam

Larger span of beam (l) = 6950mm

α = 26
βγλ =0.75
Using Deflection Control Criteria,
l/d<= αβγλ
or, d>= 350 mm
Use effective cover of d=50mm
Adopt d=400mm
Let us take d/b=2

11
or, b=205mm
Therefore, Size of Primary Beams=400mm*205mm

4.1.3 Preliminary Design of Secondary Beam

Larger span of beam (l) = 6100mm
l/d<= αβγλ
d>=6000/(26*0.75)
d>=307.69mm
Adopt d=355mm
Let d/b=2
b=177.5
Provide effective cover(d’) =45mm
Therefore, Size of secondary Beam =400mm * 180mm

4.1.4 Preliminary Design of column

A) Largest Column (B4)
Unit weight of concrete (γc) = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of wall (γw) =18.85kN/m3
Floor Finish=0.505kN/m2
Imposed Load=4kN/m2
Load calculation for column (B4)
1) Primary Beam load
406.4 203.2
= (6.05+6.0) * 1000 * 1000
= 26.52kN
2) Load from Secondary beam
355.5 177.8
= 2*6.8* 1000 * 1000 *25
=21.45 KN

3) Load from Slab

= 25*0.127*41.14
= 130.62KN

12
4) Floor Finish Load
=0.505*41.14=20.77
5) Ceiling Plaster
=0.25*41.14=10.285kN
Total Wall Load = 864.24kN
Total Load = 2122.11kN

Total Designated load including FOS and Earthquake load = 1.5*1.5*Total Load
=1.5*1.5*2122.11kN
=4774.74kN
According to Clause 39.3 of IS:456(2000)
Pu=0.45*fck * Ac+0.67 * fy * Asc
% of steel = 1%
Asc = (1-0.01) Ag = 0.99Ag
Then,
477.74 = 0.4*0.25*0.99*Ag+0.67fy*500*0.01Ag
or, Ag = 360357.735mm2
Considering square column, depth = 610 mm

13
5. LOAD CALCULATION
5.1 Slab load distribution by yield line theory
In this method, slab is divided in different parts by yield line which are generally the generated
from corner by bisecting the corner angle of slab, yield line represents development of major cracks
during collapse of solid slab, due to bending.
For triangular: qLx/3 (A.K.Jain, 2014)
For trapezoidal: qlx(3-m2)/6 (A.K.Jain, 2014)

Figure 3 Yield line theory

14
6. ASSESSMENT OF LATERAL LOADS
This load on a structure is a function of the site, maximum earthquake intensity or strong
ground motion and the local soil, the stiffness, and its orientation in relation to the incident seismic
waves. For design purpose the resultant effect is usually represented by the horizontal and vertical
seismic coefficients αh and αy. Alternatively, a dynamic analysis of the building is required under
the action of the specified ground motion or design response spectra. Since the probable maximum
earthquake occurrence are not so frequent, design of buildings for such earthquakes so as to ensure
that they remain elastic and damage-free is not considered economically prudent instead reliance
is placed on kinetic energy dissipation in the structure through plastic deformation of the elements
and joints. The design forces are reduced accordingly. Thus, the philosophy of a seismic design
is to obtain no collapse structure rather than a no damage structure. To achieve a greater degree
of protection, the critical and important buildings are designed for higher seismic factor by using
an importance factor I, (IS: 1893- 2016 Cl 7.2.3, Table 8).

The wind load and earthquake load are assumed not to act simultaneously at a time. A building is
designed for worst of two loads.
Seismic weight is the total dead load plus appropriate amount of specified imposed load. While
computing the seismic load weight of each floor, the weight of columns and walls in any storey
shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below the storey. The seismic weight of the
whole building is the sum of the seismic weights of all the floors. It has been calculated according
to IS: 1893(Part I) – 2016.

6.1 Selection of Method of Analysis

There are basically two methods to determine the earthquake in the building.
• Seismic coefficient method or static method
• Response spectrum method or dynamic analysis

15
6.2 Method of analysis
Since, height of our building is less than 40m and it is more or less symmetrical in plan and
elevation So, Dynamic analysis is done but our supervisor suggestion Static method is adopted.
The analysis of horizontal load is done by seismic coefficient method (referring IS 1893-2016).
The seismic coefficient method basically consists of calculation of horizontal seismic base shear.
The horizontal seismic base shear is given by
Vb=Ah*W
Where, Vb= Horizontal Base Shear
Ah= Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient
W= Seismic Weight of Building
Again,
Z I Sa
Ah= 2 *R * g
Where,Z= Zone factor
I= Important Factor
R= Response Reduction Factor
Sa
g = Average Response Acceleration Coefficient
Depends upon Time Peirod (T)
T= Fundamental Natural Period

16
 Figure 6. 1 Spectral for Equivalent Static Method
After determining the horizontal base shear, the distribution of lateral load on different floors is
determined by using the formula:

Wihi2
Qi= ∑W h 2*Vb
i i

Where,

Qi= Horizontal Lateral Load acting at ith Floor

Wi= Lump Mass of ith Floor

hi= Height of each Floor above the base

Vb= Base Shear

17
STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS

18
7 Structural Analysis
7.1 Salient feature of ETABS 2017
ETABS 2017 represents the most sophisticated and user-friendly release of ETABS 2017 series
of computer programs. Creation and modification of the model, execution of the analysis, and
checking and optimization of the design are all done through this single interface. Graphical
displays of the results, including real-time display of time-history displacements are easily
produced.
The finite element library consists of different elements, out of which the three-dimensional
frame element was used in this analysis. The frame element uses a general, three-dimensional,
beam-column formulation which includes the effects of biaxial bending, torsion, axial
deformation and biaxial shear deformations.
Structures that can be modeled with this element include:
• Three-dimensional frames
• Three-dimensional trusses
• Planar frames
• Planar grillages
• Planar trusses
A frame element is modeled as a straight line connecting two joints. Each element has its own
local coordinate system for defining section properties and loads, and for interpreting output.
Each frame element may be loaded by self-weight, multiple concentrated loads and multiple
distributed loads. End offsets are available to account for the finite size of beam and column
intersections. End releases are also available to model different fixity conditions at the ends of
the element. Element internal forces are produced at the ends of each element and at a user-
specified number of equally-spaced output stations along the length of the element.
Loading options allow for gravity, thermal and pre-stress conditions in addition to the usual
nodal loading with specified forces and or displacements. Dynamic loading can be in the form
of a base acceleration response spectrum, or varying loads and base accelerations.

19
7.2 Structural analysis and design by ETABS 2017
For Structural modeling of the building, ETABS 2017 has been used. The general procedure
of using ETABS 2017 is as follows:
➢ Defining Grid, materials and section properties
➢ Creating Elements
➢ Defining joint restraints
➢ Defining loads, load patterns, load cases and Load combination
➢ Running the analysis
➢ Verify output
➢ Trial design
➢ Check member forces
➢ Re-design if required

Figure 7. 1 3D Model

20
Figure 7. 2 Axial Force Diagram 1.5(DL+LL)

21
Figure 7. 3 Shear Force Diagram 1.5(DL+LL)

22
Figure 7. 4 Bending Moment Diagram 1.5(DL+LL)

23
Figure 7. 5 Deformed Shape

24
8. Detail Structural Design
8.1 Introduction
The main aim of structural design is to design the structures like staircase, beam, column, slab,
foundation so that it fulfills its intended purpose during useful life with adequate safety,
adequate serviceability and the economy. Considering such fulfillment, the structural analysis
of each structural frames (column, beam) been done, using ETABS 2017. And according to the
analysis results, the design of each element has been done by the principles of Limit State
Method. Account should be taken of accepted theories, experiments as well as durability. The
principles adopted and assumptions of Limit State Design method are listed below.

8.2 Limit State Method

In this method, the structure shall be designed to withstand safely all loads liable to act on it
throughout its life. It shall also satisfy the serviceability requirements such as limitation on
deflection and cracking. The acceptable limit for safety and serviceability requirement before
failure occurs is called limit state. The aim of design is to achieve acceptable probabilities that
the structure will not become unfit for the use for which it is intended. All the relevant limit
state shall be considered in design to ensure an adequate degree of safety and serviceability.
Assumptions for flexural members
• Plane section normal to the axis of the member remains plane after bending.
• The maximum strain in concrete at the outermost compression fiber is 0.0035.
• The relationship between the compression stress distribution in concrete and the
strain in concrete may be assumed to be rectangular, trapezoidal, parabola, or any
other shape. The compressive strength of concrete in the structure shall be assumed
to be 0.67 times the characteristic strength. Partial safety factor ϒm= 1.5
• The tensile strength of concrete is ignored.
• The design stresses in concrete are derived from representative stress strain curve
for the type of steel used. for the design purpose the partial safety factor ϒm=1.5 is
assumed.
• The maximum strain in the tension reinforcement in the section at failure shall not
fy
be less than + 0.002
1.15E s

Where, fy= characteristic strength of steel Es = modulus of elasticity of steel

Assumption for the limit state of compression
The following are the additional assumptions for above
• The maximum compressive strength of concrete is taken as 0.002.
• The maximum compressive strain at highly compressed extreme fiber in concrete
subjected to axial compression and when there is no tension in the section shall be
0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain at the least compressed extreme fiber

25
• The limiting value of depth of neutral axis for different grades of steel based on the
assumptions are as follows:

fy(N/mm2) Xu,max/d
250 0.53
415 0.48
500 0.46

Figure 8. 1 Stress-Strain Curve for Concrete

26
8.3 Design of Slab
Slab is plate element forming floor and roofs of buildings carrying distributed loads primarily
by flexure.
One-way slab:
One-way slab is those in which the length is more than twice the breadth it can be simply
supported beam or continuous beam.
Two-way slab:
When slabs are supported to four sides two ways spanning action occurs. Such as slab are
simply supported on any or continuous or all sides the deflections and bending moments are
considerably reduces as compared to those in one-way slab.
Slabs are analyzed and designed as having a unit width that is 1 m wide strips. Compression
reinforcement is used only in exceptional cases in a slab. Shear stresses are usually very low
and shear reinforcements is never provided in slabs
A slab may have its few or all edges restrained. The degree of restraints may vary depending
whether it is continuous over its supports or cast monolithically with its supporting beams. A
hogging or negative moment will develop in the top face of the slab at the supported sides. In
these slabs the corners are prevented from lifting and provision is made for torsion. The
maximum moments Mx and My at mid span on strips of unit width for spans lx, ly are given by:
Mx =βx w lx2 and My =βy w lx2 where
βx,βy= moment coefficients that can be obtained from table 26 of IS 456:2000 for different
arrangements of slabs.

27
DESIGN OF SLAB S1 (INTERIOR PANNEL):
Dimension of slab = 5796.8mm * 3284.5mm
Support width = 203.2mm
Ly = 5796.8mm and Lx = 3284.5mm
From preliminary design,
d = 102mm and D = 127mm
fy=500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2
Ly/Lx = 1.75

1. Calculation of effective span

Support width< (clear span/12) = 3284.5/12
= 273.77mm
i.e. simply supported condition can be used according to clause 22.2.b
Effective span = min of ((Lx+b) and (lx+d))
i.e.
lx =min of (3284.5+203.2) and (3284.5+102)
=3386.5mm
Similarly,
Ly = 5898.8mm

2. Load calculation
Self-weight = 25KN/m3 * D
= 25 * 0.127
= 3.175KN/m2
Live load = 4KN/m2
Floor Finish = 0.505 KN/m2
Total weight = 7.68KN/m2
Design load = 1.5 * Total weight
Wu =11.52KN/m2

28
 3. Calculation of area of steel

SN Particulars Shorter span Longer span Units Remarks

Support Mid Support Mid
1 άx , άy 0.06 0.045 0.032 0.024 From table 26

2 BM 7.927 5.945 4.228 3.17 KNM BM = ( άx * Wu * lx2)

3 Ast required 185.396 137.705 97.139 72.474 mm2

4 Ast minimum 152.4 152.4 152.4 152.4 mm2 cl.26.5.2.1

5 Diameter of 10 10 10 10 mm
rod
6 Spacing 423.633 570.349 808.532 1083.698 mm2
required
7 Spacing 300 300 300 300 mm
provided
8 Ast provided 261.8 261.8 261.8 261.8 mm2

As, the slab is designed as singly reinforced so, Mumax should be less than Mulim.
Mulim = 0.362 * fck *xu *b* (d-0.416xu)
Where xu = 0.46 * d for fe500
i.e. xu = 0.46 * 102
= 46.92mm
Then, we get,
Mulim = 35.023KNM
From table above Mumax = 7.927KNM which is less than Mulim then,
Calculating area of steel required,
Mu <= 0.87 * fy *Ast * (d-(fy *Ast)/(fck * b))

Minimum reinforcement = (0.12/100) * b * D

= 152.4mm2

Spacing required = b/(Ast req/∏ⱷ2/4)

Minimum spacing should be minimum of 300 and 3d.
Spacing provide =300mm

29
4. Check for deflection

lx/d < άx * Ꝩ * Ꞵ * ⅄
where,
άx = 26 for both end continuous
Ꝩ = 1 from fig 5
⅄ = 1 from fig 6
Then for Ꞵ,
Using fig 4 ,
Percent of tensile steel = (area of steel at mid span of shorter span /b*D) * 100
= 0.206%
fs = 0.58 * fy * Astreq/Astprovided
= 152.5
Then from fig 4,
Ꞵ=2
Then
35.2<52, safe.

5. Check for shear

Max design shear (Vumax) = (Wu * lx)/2

= 19.231KN
Average shear stress (Ԏv) = Vumax/(b * d)
= 0.1885N/mm2

To be safe in shear, Ԏv < Ԏcmax and Ԏv < Ԏc + Ԏs

From table 20 of is456 , Ԏcmax = 3.1 N/mm2 for M25

From table 19 ,
(Ast/bd) * 100 = 0.5 * (Ast provided at mid/b*d) * 100
= 0.12
i.e. Ԏc = 0.29N/mm2 for M25 .
from cl. 40.2.1.1,
Ԏc = K * Ԏc
Where K = 1.3 then,
Ԏc = 0.377N/mm2
For slab Ԏs is zero as no shear reinforcement is provided.

Ԏv < Ԏcmax , Ԏv < Ԏc + Ԏs

0.1885 < 3.1, safe 0.1885 < 0.377 , safe

30
6. Check for torsion
Torsional reinforcement is provided at corner of the slab to withstand against uplift of
two-way slab. They are provided as mesh in region of 0.2lx * 0.2lx at top and bottom
layer.
In the interior panel case, the torsional reinforcement is not required as all sides are
continuous.
DESIGN OF SLAB S2:
Dimension of slab = 5796.8mm * 3284.5mm
Support width = 203.2mm
Ly = 5796.8mm and Lx = 3284.5mm
From preliminary design,
d = 102mm and D = 127mm
fy=500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2
Ly/Lx = 1.75

1. Calculation of effective span

Support width< (clear span/12) = 3284.5/12
= 273.77mm
i.e. simply supported condition can be used according to clause 22.2.b
Effective span = min of ((Lx+b) and (lx+d))
i.e.
lx =min of (3284.5+203.2) and (3284.5+102)
=3386.5mm
Similarly,
Ly = 5898.8mm

2. Load calculation
Self-weight = 25KN/m3 * D
= 25 * 0.127
= 3.175KN/m2
Live load = 4KN/m2
Floor Finish = 0.505 KN/m2
Total weight = 7.68KN/m2
Design load = 1.5 * Total weight
Wu =11.52KN/m2

31
SN Particulars Shorter span Longer span Units Remarks
Support Mid Support Mid
1 άx , άy 0.077 0.059 0.037 0.028 From table 26

2 BM 10.172 7.794 4.888 3.699 KNM BM = ( άx * Wu * lx2)

3 Ast required 240.605 182.165 112.652 84.776 mm2

4 Ast minimum 152.4 152.4 152.4 152.4 mm2 cl.26.5.2.1

5 Diameter of 10 10 10 10 mm
rod
6 Spacing 515.353 431.146 697.189 926.439 mm2
required
7 Spacing 300 300 300 300 mm
provided
8 Ast provided 261.8 261.8 261.8 261.8 mm2

3. Calculation of area of steel

As, the slab is designed as singly reinforced so, Mumax should be less than Mulim.
Mulim = 0.362 * fck *xu *b* (d-0.416xu)
Where xu = 0.46 * d for fe500
i.e. xu = 0.46 * 102
= 46.92mm
Then, we get,
Mulim = 35.023KNM
From table above Mumax = 10.172KNM which is less than Mulim then,
Calculating area of steel required,
Mu <= 0.87 * fy *Ast * (d-(fy *Ast)/(fck * b))
Minimum reinforcement = (0.12/100) * b * D
= 152.4mm2

Spacing required = b/(Ast req/∏ⱷ2/4)

Minimum spacing should be minimum of 300 and 3d.
Spacing provide =300mm

32
4. Check for deflection

lx/d < άx * Ꝩ * Ꞵ * ⅄
where,
άx = 23 (for one end discontinuous and other end continuous).
Ꝩ = 1 from fig 5
⅄ = 1 from fig 6
Then
For Ꞵ,
Using fig 4,
Percent of tensile steel = (area of steel at mid span of shorter span /b*D) * 100
= 0.206%
fs = 0.58 * fy * Astreq/Astprovided
= 201.787
Then from fig 4,
Ꞵ =2
Then
35.2<46, safe.

5. Check for shear

Max design shear (Vumax) = (Wu * lx)/2
= 19.231KN
Average shear stress (Ԏv) = Vumax/ (b * d)
= 0.1885N/mm2

To be safe in shear, Ԏv < Ԏcmax and Ԏv < Ԏc + Ԏs

From table 20 of IS456, Ԏcmax = 3.1 N/mm2 for M25

From table 19,
(Ast/bd) * 100 = 0.5 * (Ast provided at mid/b*d) * 100
= 0.12
i.e. Ԏc = 0.29N/mm2 for M25.
from cl. 40.2.1.1,
Ԏ c = K * Ԏc
Where K = 1.3 then,
Ԏc = 0.377N/mm2
For slab Ԏs is zero as no shear reinforcement is provided.

Ԏv < Ԏcmax , Ԏ v < Ԏc + Ԏs

0.1885 < 3.1, safe 0.1885 < 0.377, safe

33
 6. Check for torsion
Torsional reinforcement is provided at corner of the slab to withstand against uplift of
two-way slab. They are provided as mesh in region of 0.2lx * 0.2lx at top and bottom
layer.

Ast torsion =37.5% of Astprovided (one support continous another discontinuous)

= (37.5/100) *261.8
=98.175 mm^2
Similarly
Spacing reqired = b/ (Ast torsion/∏ⱷ2/4)
=799.998mm
Spacing provided=300mm.

8.4 Design of Staircase

Staircase is an inclined structural system for the movement from one floor to another. Since, it
is stepped it is called staircase. A staircase behaves like an ordinary slab. It may span either in
the direction of the step or in the direction of going.
The design of staircase requires proportioning of its different component and determination of
reinforcement and it’s detailing to satisfy both the both serviceability and strength requirement.
The purpose of a staircase is to provide pedestrian access to different levels within a building.
The geometrical forms of staircases may be quite different depending on the individual
circumstances involved. There are two main components of a staircase: stairs and landing slab.
The stairs and landing slab can have arranged in different forms to get different types of
staircases. The shape and structural arrangement of a staircase would generally depend on two
main factors:
(i) type of construction of the structure around the staircase, that is, load bearing brick structure
or reinforced concrete frame structure; and
(ii) Availability of space.Rise and going are two terms associated with a stair. The term rise
refers to the vertical height of a step and going represents the horizontal dimension.
General rules
• Between consecutive floors there should be an equal rise for every parallel step
similarly, there should be equal going.
• There should be at least 2 m headroom measured vertically above any step.
• The sum of going of a single step plus twice the rise should be between 550 mm and
700 mm.
• The slope or pitch of staircase should not be more than about 38°.
• Width of a staircase will depend on the usage.

34
Design of staircase
1. For first floor top corner, first flight

SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

1 We have,
Riser = 150mm
Tread = 300mm
Height of flight = 0.75m
No. of steps required = 0.75/0.15 = 5
Length of going = 5 * 0.3 =1.5m
Fe 500 rebar and M 25 concrete is used
i.e. fy = 500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2

2 Effective span

Going length = 1.5m

Effective span = min of ( l +bs ) and (l+ d) Cl.33.1
Min of (2.843+d) and 3.06 m IS 456:2000
Using deflection control criteria,
l/d<αβγλ where,
α=20, βγλ=1.2 to 1.4=1.3
then,
d > 117.69
providing d = 120mm and effective cover = 30 mm
overall depth D = 150 mm

3 Load calculation

a) On landing
Self weight = 25∗ 𝐷=25*0.15= 3 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505 KN/m2
Live load= 3 KN/m2
Total load = 6.505KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 6.505*1.5= 9.757KN/m2
Slab design for unit width so,b=1
Wu= 9.757KN/m

35
b) On going
25∗0.5∗(𝑅∗𝑇)
Self weight of steps = 𝑇∗1

= 1.875KN/m2

1∗(𝐷∗√(𝑅²+𝑇²))
Self weight of waistslab=25* 𝑇∗1

= 4.193 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505KN/m2
Live load = 3KN/m2
Total load = 9.573 KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 9.573 * 1.5= 14.356 KN/m

14.356 KN/m Fig18

9.757KN/m 7.18KN/m IS 456:2000

0.477 1.5 0.866

Max design shear force (Vumax) = 16.203KN

Max design moment (Mumax) = 11.242KNm

36
SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

4 Calculating area of reinforcement

A For main bar

xulim = 0.46d= 55.2mm
Mulim = 0.362*fck* xulim*b*(d-0.416 * xulim )
= 48.471KNm
Since Mumax<Mulim so a one way slab can be
designed.
Area of steel required
𝑓𝑦∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mumax=0.87*fy*Ast(d- 𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏 )

Solving above equation,

Astreq = 223.808mm2
Astmin = 0.12%*b*D = 180 mm2

Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement

1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 350.747 mm>300mm Providing
𝜋𝑑2
4
10mm dia. rod

Spacing provided = 275mm

1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 285.45mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4

B Distribution reinforcement
Astdist= 0.12%*b*D = 180 mm2
Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement
1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 436.11 mm> 300mm
𝜋𝑑2
4

≤ 3d=360mm
Provided spacing = 275 mm
1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 285.454mm
𝜋𝑑2
4

37
5 Check for deflection

α =20
γ=λ=1
For β:
223.808
Fs= 0.58*500* 285.45 = 227.37 N/mm2
From is456:2000
% of tensile reinforcement Fig 4
=(Astprovided/b*D)*100 = 0.19%
β=1.7
Then,
L = 2.963m
l/d= 24.691
αβγλ=20*1.7=34
OK.
6. Check for shear

𝑉𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
Tavg= = 0.135N/mm2
𝑏∗𝑑

Tcmax = 3.1N/mm2 From table 20

Is456:2000
since Tavg<Tcmax ,safe
And,
𝐴𝑠𝑡
∗ 100 = 0.23 %
𝑏∗𝑑

Tc= 0.292N/mm2
Tc = k* Tc From table 19

K=1.3
Tc= 0.38N/mm2
From cl. 40.2.1.1
As no shear reinforcement is provided in slab,
Ts=0
Tc+Ts=0.38N/mm2
Tc+Ts>Tavg O.K.

38
2. For 1st floor corner 2nd flight

SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

1 We have,
Riser = 150mm
Tread = 300mm
Height of flight = 1.35m
No. of steps required = 2.045/0.15 = 9
Length of going = 9 * 0.3 = 2.7m
Fe 500 rebar and M 25 concrete is used
i.e. fy = 500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2

2 Effective span

Going length = 2.7m

Effective span = min of ( l +bs ) and (l+ d) Cl. 33.1
Min of (4.4+d) and 4.59 m is456:2000
Using deflection control criteria,
l/d<αβγλ where,
α=20, βγλ=1.2 to 1.4=1.3
then,
d > 176.538
providing d = 180mm and effective cover = 30 mm
overall depth D = 210mm

3 Load calculation

a) On going
25∗0.5∗(𝑅∗𝑇)
Self weight of steps = 𝑇∗1

= 1.875KN/m2

1∗(𝐷∗√(𝑅²+𝑇²))
Self weight of waistslab=25* 𝑇∗1

= 5.870 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505KN/m2
Live load = 3KN/m2
Total load = 11.25 KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 11.25*1.5=16.875 KN/m

39
b)
For landing From fig 18
Load is half of going Is456:2000

16.875 KN/m
8.437KN/m 8.437KN/m

0.848 2.7 0.851

Max design shear force (Vumax) = 29.948KN

Max design moment (Mumax) = 37.758KNm

40
SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

4 Calculating area of reinforcement

A For main bar

xulim = 0.46d= 82.8mm
Mulim = 0.362*fck* xulim*b*(d-0.416 * xulim )
= 109.07KNm
Since Mumax<Mulim so a one way slab can be
designed.
Area of steel required
𝑓𝑦∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mumax=0.87*fy*Ast(d- 𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏 )

Solving above equation,

Astreq = 511.265mm2
Astmin = 0.12%*b*D = 252mm2

Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement

1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 153.540mm<300mm Providing
𝜋𝑑2
4
10mm dia rod

Spacing provided = 150mm

1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 523.333mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4

Distribution reinforcement
B
Astdist= 0.12%*b*D =252 mm2
Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement
1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 311.5mm> 300mm
𝜋𝑑2
4

≤ 3d= 540mm
Provided spacing =275mm
1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 285.454mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4

41
5 Check for deflection

α =20
γ=λ=1
For β:
511.265
Fs= 0.58*500* 523.33 = 283.314N/mm2

% of tensile reinforcement
=(Astprovided/b*D)*100 = 0.25%
β=1.3
Then,
L = 4.58m From is456:2000
Fig 4
l/d=25
αβγλ=20*1.3=26
OK.

Check for shear

6.
𝑉𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥
Tavg= = 0.166N/mm2
𝑏∗𝑑

Tcmax = 3.1N/mm2
since Tavg<Tcmax ,safe
And,
𝐴𝑠𝑡 From table 20
∗ 100 = 0.3 %
𝑏∗𝑑 Is456:2000
Tc= 0.386N/mm2
Tc = k* Tc
K=1.18
Tc= 0.455N/mm2
As no shear reinforcement is provided in slab, From table 19
Ts=0
Tc+Ts=0.455N/mm2
Tc+Ts>Tavg O.K From cl. 40.2.1.1

42
 Check for development length
Ld = (ø*fs)/(1.6*4*τbd)
𝝉bd = 1.4 N/mm2
Ld = 485.49mm⁓500 mm
7 𝐴𝑠𝑡∗𝑓𝑦
M1 =0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-𝑏∗𝑑∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 )=76.63 KNm

Lo = 12*ø or d (whichever is greater)

Lo = 240mm
1.3∗𝑀1
Now, Ld = + 𝐿𝑜 = 2575.185mm>500mm
𝑉

OK.

43
1. For basement second flight

SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

1 We have,
Riser = 165mm
Tread = 300mm
Height of flight = 1.015 m
No. of steps required = 1.015/0.165 = 7
Length of going = 7 * 0.3 =2.1m
Fe 500 rebar and M 25 concrete is used
i.e. fy = 500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2

2 Effective span

Going length = 2.1m

Effective span = min of ( l +bs ) and (l+ d) Cl. 33.1
Min of (3.27+d) and 3.6 m is456:2000
Using deflection control criteria,
l/d<αβγλ where,
α=20, βγλ=1.2 to 1.4=1.3
then,
d > 138
providing d = 140 mm and effective cover = 30 mm
overall depth D = 170mm

3 Load calculation

a) On landing
Self weight = 25∗ 𝐷=25*0.17=4.25 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505 KN/m2
Live load= 3 KN/m2
Total load = 7.755KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 7.755*1.5=11.633KN/m2
Slab design for unit width so,b=1
Wu=11.633KN/m

b) On going

44
 25∗0.5∗(𝑅∗𝑇)
Self weight of steps =
𝑇∗1

= 1.875KN/m2

1∗(𝐷∗√(𝑅²+𝑇²))
Self weight of waistslab=25* 𝑇∗1

= 4.85KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505KN/m2
Live load = 3KN/m2
Total load = 10.23KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 10.23*1.5=15.345KN/m

15.345 KN/m
5.816KN/m 11.633KN/m
Fig 18
is456:2000

0.650 2.1 0.520

Max design shear force (Vumax) = 21.027KN

Max design moment (Mumax) = 22.098KNm

45
SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

4 Calculating area of reinforcement

A For main bar

xulim = 0.46d= 64.4mm
Mulim = 0.362*fck* xulim*b*(d-0.416 * xulim )
= 66KNm
Since Mumax<Mulim so a one way slab can be
designed.
Area of steel required
𝑓𝑦∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mumax=0.87*fy*Ast(d- 𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏 )

Solving above equation,

Astreq = 383.91mm2
Astmin = 0.12%*b*D = 204mm2

Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement

1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 204.475 mm<300mm Providing
𝜋𝑑2
4
10mm dia rod

Spacing provided = 200 mm

1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 392.5 mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4
B
Distribution reinforcement
Astdist= 0.12%*b*D = 204 mm2
Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement
1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 385 mm> 300mm
𝜋𝑑2
4

≤ 3d=420mm
Provided spacing =250mm
1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 314mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4

46
5 Check for deflection

α =20
γ=λ=1
For β:
383.91 From is456:2000
Fs= 0.58*500* 392.5 = 283.65 N/mm2 Fig 4
% of tensile reinforcement
=(Astprovided/b*D)*100 = 0.231%
β=1.3
Then,
L =3.41 m
l/d = 24.35
αβγλ=20*1.3=26
OK.

6. Check for shear

From table 20
𝑉𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 Is456:2000
Tavg= = 0.1505N/mm2
𝑏∗𝑑

Tcmax = 3.1N/mm2
since Tavg<Tcmax ,safe
And,
𝐴𝑠𝑡
∗ 100 = 0.224 % From table 19
𝑏∗𝑑

Tc= 0.36N/mm2
Tc = k* Tc
From cl. 40.2.1.1
K=1.26
Tc= 0.454 N/mm2
As no shear reinforcement is provided in slab,
Ts=0
Tc+Ts=0.454N/mm2
Tc+Ts>Tavg O.K

47
1. For basement first flight

SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

1 We have,
Riser = 165mm
Tread = 300mm
Height of flight = 2.045m
No. of steps required = 2.045/0.165 = 13
Length of going = 13 * 0.3 =3.9m
Fe 500 rebar and M 25 concrete is used
i.e. fy = 500N/mm2 and fck = 25N/mm2

2 Effective span

Going length = 3.9m

Effective span = min of ( l +bs ) and (l+ d) Cl. 33.1
Min of (5.366+d) and 5.556 m is456:2000
Using deflection control criteria,
l/d<αβγλ where,
α=20, βγλ=1.2 to 1.4=1.3
then,
d > 213.7
providing d = 215mm and effective cover = 25 mm
overall depth D = 240mm

3 Load calculation

a) On landing
Self weight = 25∗ 𝐷=25*0.24= 6 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505 KN/m2
Live load= 3 KN/m2
Total load =9.505 KN/m2
Design load(Wu) =9.505*1.5=14.257KN/m2
Slab design for unit width so,b=1
Wu=14.257KN/m

48
b) On going
25∗0.5∗(𝑅∗𝑇)
Self weight of steps = 𝑇∗1

= 1.875KN/m2

1∗(𝐷∗√(𝑅²+𝑇²))
Self weight of waistslab=25* 𝑇∗1

= 6.847 KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.505KN/m2
Live load = 3KN/m2
Total load = 12.227KN/m2
Design load(Wu) = 12.227*1.5=18.341 KN/m

18.341 KN/m Fig 18

14.257KN/m 9.171KN/m is456:2000

0.862 3.9 0.604

Max design shear force (Vumax) = 44.680KN

Max design moment (Mumax) = 61.560KNm

49
SN CALCULATION REFRENCE RESULT

4 Calculating area of reinforcement

A For main bar

xulim = 0.46d=98.9 mm
Mulim = 0.362*fck* xulim*b*(d-0.416 * xulim )
=155.61KNm
Since Mumax<Mulim so a one way slab can be
designed.
Area of steel required
𝑓𝑦∗𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mumax=0.87*fy*Ast(d- 𝑓𝑐𝑘∗𝑏 )

Solving above equation,

Astreq = 704.3722mm2
Astmin = 0.12%*b*D = 288 mm2

Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement

1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 111.446 mm<300mm Providing
𝜋𝑑2
4
10mm dia rod

Spacing provided = 100 mm

1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 785 mm2
𝜋𝑑2
4

B Distribution reinforcement
Astdist= 0.12%*b*D =288 mm2
Providing 10mm diameter reinforcement
1000
Spacing required= 𝐴𝑠𝑡 = 272.570 mm≤
𝜋𝑑2
4
300mm
≤ 3d=645 mm
Provided spacing = 250 mm
1000
Ast provided = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 314mm
𝜋𝑑2
4

50
5 Check for deflection

α =20
γ=λ=1
For β:
704.37
Fs= 0.58*500* = 260.213 N/mm2
785

% of tensile reinforcement
=(Astprovided/b*D)*100 = 0.33%
β=1.35
From is456:2000
Then,
Fig 4
L = 5.556m
l/d=25.84
αβγλ=20*1.38=27.6
OK.

Check for shear

6.

𝑉𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑥 From table 20

Tavg= = 0.21N/mm2
𝑏∗𝑑 Is456:2000
Tcmax = 3.1N/mm2
since Tavg<Tcmax ,safe
And,
𝐴𝑠𝑡
∗ 100 = 0.365 %
𝑏∗𝑑
From table 19
Tc= 0.37N/mm2
Tc = k* Tc
K=1.12 From cl. 40.2.1.1
2
Tc= 0.414N/mm
As no shear reinforcement is provided in slab,
Ts=0
Tc+Ts=0.414N/mm2
Tc+Ts>Tavg O.K.

51
8.5 Design of Beam:
Design of the beam element requires the determination of the cross-sectional dimension and
reinforcement details. It should satisfy both serviceability and strength requirements.
Generally, the depth of the beam is large and governed by the requirement. In beam spacing or
reinforcing bars are small and governed by minimum spacing requirement than the maximum
spacing for crack control. The reinforcements are provided to satisfy strength requirements.
The detailing of longitudinal and transverse bae should satisfy the bending, shear and bond
requirements the bending moment and shear force are determined from the analysis generally
based on the elastic theory.

The beam is flexural member which distributes the vertical load to the column and resist the
bending moment. The design of the beam deals with the determination of the beam section and
steel required.

For the convinced, we have considered all the section as under reinforced ones. The singly
reinforced and doubly reinforced section are designed as per the requirement i.e., comparison
with limiting moment, Mu.lim IS 456:2000(Annex G, CI.38.1) is referred for the calculation of
the required steel in beam.

Mu=0.87*fy*Ast* d*[1-Ast *fy/(b*D*Fck)]

limiting moment of the resistance is given by the equation.

For the section with comparison reinforcement, where the ultimate moment of the section
exceeds the limiting value of Mu.lim the compression reinforcement may be obtained by

Mu- Mu.lim = fck*Asc (d-d')

Where

Mu = ultimate moment of resistance of the section

Mu.lim= limiting moment of resistance

Xis= Neutral axis depth

X =Limiting value of xu

52
Design of Primary Beam:
Reference Step Calculation Result
1 Known Data D=460 mm
Overall Depth of beam,D=457.2 mm b= 310mm
Width of Beam, b= 304.8 mm d= 420mm
Assuming, 16 mm Dia.Reinforcement
Effective cover,d'= 40 mm
Effective depth,d= 417.2 mm

2 Check for member stress

Factored Axial stress= 0

IS
Axial Stress < 0.1fck
13920:1993

(Cl. 6.1.1) Hence, Design as flexural member.

3 Check for member

IS
Width of beam,b= 304.8 mm > 200mm OK
13920:1993
(Cl. 6.1.3) Depth of beam,D= 457.2 mm
IS
b/D= 0.667>0.3 OK
13920:1993
(Cl. 6.1.2) C/C length of beam=6.95 m
IS
Clear span length,L= 6.3404m
13920:1993
(Cl. 6.1.4) L/D= 13.867>4 OK.

53
 4 Check for limiting longitudinal reinforcement

IS
Min. reinforcement,
13920:1993
(Cl.
Astmin = (0.24*√fck/fy))8100%
6.2.1(b))
= 0.24%
Astmin
So, Astmin = 0.24%* D* b = 334.451mm2
= 334.451mm2

IS
Max. reinforcement,
13920:1993

(Cl. 6.2.2) Astmax = 0.025*b*d

Astmax
= 3179.064mm2
=3179.064 mm2
5 Design of Flexure
For beam 208,
SP 16 Table
Mulim = 3.33*b*d2
D

Mulim
=176.663 kN-m
= 176.667kN-m

At Left end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 193.2649 kN-m (From ETAB17)
Mu > Mulim
Hence, Doubly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.095
Mu/(b*d2) = 3.643
SP 16
Pt= 1.040% (top)
(Table55)
Pc = 0.104% (bottom)
For sagging moment (+ve moment)

Mu = 9.771 kN-m From ETABS 2017

54
 Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.095
Mu/(b*d2) = 0.184 d=420mm
P= 0.035%(bottom) b=310mm
Comparing two % of steel
Pt= 1.040% (top)
Pc = 0.104% (bottom)
Ast
Top reinforcement required=1322.491mm2
=1322.491mm2

Bottom reinforcement required=132.249mm2

IS
Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.
13920:1993
Asc
(Cl. 6.2.3) Bottom reinforcement =661.245mm2
= 661.245 mm2
For top reinforcement
Provide 3-25mm dia reinforcement at top
Astprovided=
Astprovided=1472.621mm2
1472.621mm2

For bottom reiforcement

Provide 2-25mm dia reinforcement at bottom

Ascprovided
Ascprovided=981.747mm2
=981.747mm2

At midspan
For sagging moment (+ve moment)
SP 16
Mu = 162.0524 kN-m From ETABS 2017
(Table 3)
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam.
d'/d = 0.095
Mu/(b*d2) = 2.913
Pt = 0.811 % (bottom)

55
 Ast = 0.811% * b *d
= 1056.007mm2< Astmin

IS
Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.
13920:1993
(Cl. 6.2.3) Asc = 50% * Ast
= 528 mm2 Asc= 528 mm2

For top reinforcement

Provide 2-25mm dia reinforcement at top
Astprovided=
Astprovided=981.747mm2
981.747 mm2

For bottom reiforcement

Provide 2-25 + 1-16mm dia reinforcement at bottom

Ascprovided=
Ascprovided=1182.81mm2
1182.81mm2

At right end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)
Mu = 204.627 kN-m (From ETABS 2017)
Mu >Mulim
Hence, Doubly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.095
Mu/(b*d2) = 3.678
SP 16
Pt= 1.040% (top)
(Table55)
Pc = 0.104%(bottom)

For sagging moment (+ve moment)

Mu = 9.494 kN-m From ETABS 2017
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.07
Mu/(b*d2) = 0.18
SP 16
Pt= 0.035% (bottom)
(Table 3)

56
 Comparing two moments
Ptop=1.040%
Pbottom=0.104%
Ast =
Top reinforcement required=1354.189mm2
1354.189mm2
Bottom reinforcement required=135.418mm2
IS
Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.
13920:1993
Asc
(Cl. 6.2.3) Bottom reinforcement =677.094mm2
= 677.094mm2

For top reinforcement

Provide 3-25mm dia reinforcement at top
Astprovided
Astprovided=1472.621mm2
= 1472.621 mm2

For bottom reiforcement

Provide 2-25mm dia reinforcement at bottom

Ascprovided
Ascprovided=981.747mm2
=981.747 mm2

6 Check for Shear

a Tensile reinforcement provided at Left end

IS 456:2000 Pt= (3*π*25*25)/(4*304.8*417.2)*100

(Table 19) =1.158%
Maximum shear stress of concrete,
tc max
IS 456:2000 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2
= 3.1000 N/mm2
(Table 20) Permissible shear strength of concrete,
tc = 0.678 N/mm2 < tc max OK. tc = 0.678 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
= 86.216 kN Vc = 86.216 kN

57
 b Tensile reinforcement provided at midspan

IS 456:2000 Pt= ((2*π*25*25)+(π*16*16))/(4*304.8*417.2)*100

(Table 19) =0.930%

Maximum shear stress of concrete,
tc max =
IS 456:2000 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2
3.1000 N/mm2
(Table 20) Permissible shear strength of concrete,
tc =
tc = 0.6204 N/mm2 < tc max OK.
0.6204 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
Vc =
= 78.892kN
78.892 kN

c Tensile reinforcement provided at right end

Pt= (3*π*25*25)/(4*304.8*417.2)*100
IS 456:2000 =1.158%
(Table 19) Maximum shear stress of concrete,
tc max =
tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2
3.1000 N/mm2
IS 456:2000 Permissible shear strength of concrete,
tc =
(Table 20) tc = 0.678 N/mm2 < tc max OK.
0.678 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
= 86.216 kN Vc = 86.216 kN
7 Design Shear Strength of concrete
Shear Force due to Plastic Hinge at End of beam

IS The additional shear due to formation of plastic hinges at

13920:1993 both ends of the beam.
(Cl. 6.3.3 b)
Vsway to right

Vsway to left

58
 where,

MuBh = hogging moment of resistance at right end

MuAh = hogging moment of resistance at left end

MuBs = Sagging moment of resistance at right end

Is 456:2000

G-1.1

= 205.354 kN-m > Mulim

= 150.658 kN-m < Mulim

= 150.658 kN-m < Mulim

From SAP, (Using 1.5((DL+LL))
Va= 176.377kN
Vb= 184.139 kN
Va = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
Vb = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
VaD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*176.377)/(1.5*2)
= 70.551 KN
D+L
Vb = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*184.139)/(1.5*2)
= 73.655 KN

59
 Vsway to right

=-8.0586kN

= 152.264kN
Vsway to left

= 149.160kN

= -4.954kN
Calculated Shear Force as per analysis:
SF at left end =176.377 kN
SF at midspan = 49.809kN
SF at right end = 184.139kN

The design shear force to be resisted shall be maximum

IS of shear force obtained from analysis and shear force
13920:1993 obtained from the formation of plastic hinges at both
ends of the beam plus factored load on the span.

(Cl. 6.3.3) Hence, design shear forces are:

At Left end, Vu = 176.377 kN
At midspan = 49.809 kN
At Right end, Vu = 184.139 kN

8 Design of Shear reinforcement

Providing 2-legged 8 dia. Stirrups
Asv=2*(π*d2/4)
=100.531 mm2
IS 456:2000
(Cl.26.5.1.6) = (0.87*500*100.531)/(0.4*304.8)
= 358.68mm

60
IS 456:2000 Max. spacing = 0.75d or 300mm
(Cl.26.5.1.5) =0.75*620 or 300
= 320.25 or 300mm
Svmax= 300mm
a. At left end
Vu= 176.377 kN

Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left end

Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=176377-0.678*417.2*304.8
= 90160.784 N
= 90.161 kN

Spacing required at left end Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

=
(0.87*500*100.531*417.2)/90160.784
= 202.356 mm < Svmax =200mm
IS Also,Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either end
13920:1993 of beam shall be lesser of :
(Cl. 6.3.5) d/4= 417.2/4 = 104.3 mm
8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8*16
= 128 mm
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 100mm c/c upto Stirrups
length of 2*417.2 = 834.4 mm from the inner face of the 8 mm Φ
column @ 100mm c/c
b. At midspan
Vu= 49.809 kN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at left end
Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=49809-0.6204*417.2*304.8
= -29082.652 N
= -29.082 kN

Spacing required at midspan(Sv)=(0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

AS Vus is in negaetive no stirrups is required but

minimum
should be provided.
Provide Sv= 300 mm c/c

61
IS Also,Spacing should not be greater than d/2 = 417.2/2= Stirrups
13920:1993 208.6 mm 8 mm Φ
(Cl. 6.3.5) Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 200mm c/c @ 200 mm c/c
c. At Right end
Vu= 184.139 kN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at right end

Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=184139-0.678*417.2*304.8
= 97922.784 N
= 97.922 kN

Spacing required at right end Sv = (0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)

=
(0.87*500*100.531*417.2)/97922.784
= 186.315 mm <Svmax =300mm
IS Also,Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at either end
13920:1993 of beam shall be lesser of :
(Cl. 6.3.5) d/4= 417.2/4 = 104.3 mm
8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8*16
= 128 mm
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ 100mm c/c upto Stirrups
length of 2*417.2 = 834.4 mm from the inner face of the 8 mm Φ
column @ 100mm c/c

9 Check for development length

IS 456:2000

Cl.26.2.1 tbd= 1.4 for M25

Ld
= 1213.727 mm = 1220 mm
IS 456:2000

Cl.26.2.2.3

=205.354KNm

62
 V=184.139KN
Lo = maximun of (12Φ or d )
= maximun of (12*25 or 417.2)
= 417.2mm
Now,
Ld'
Ld'< 1866.975mm
< 1866.975 mm
Ld < Ld' ok
Hence, the design is safe.
Anchorage of beam bars in external joints
Anchorage length = Ld + 10Φ - allowance for 90o bend
IS
= 1213.727+10*25
13920:1993
(Cl.6.2.5) = 1462.727 mm
Lap Splice
IS
The longitudinal bars shall be spliced.
13920:1993
a) Not more than 50% of the bars shall be spliced at one
(Cl.6.2.6)
section.
b) If hooks are provided over the entire splice length
at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm.
Lap splice shall not be spliced within:
i. joints
ii. Distance (2*d'eff) from the face of joint
iii. Quarter length of member where flexural yielding
may occur.
10 Check for deflection for beams
We have,
At Middle
Astrequired= 1056.007 mm2
Astprovided= 1182.81 mm2
Astrequired/Astprovided= 0.892
fs= 0.58*fy*Astrequired/Astprovided
=0.58*500*0.892
= 258.91
Pt=Pc= Astprovided/(b*D)
IS 456:2000 =0.848%
(Cl.23.2.1.a) α= 2 6
(Fig. 4, 5, 6 β= 0.95
respectively
ϒ= 1.18

63
for β, ϒ, λ) M.F.= 2 .1
Allowable (span/depth)= 26 * M.F.
= 26*1.121
= 29.146
Provided (span/depth)=(6.94/0.4172)
= 16.658< 29.146ok
Here the maximum span/depth ratio is smaller than its
allowable value.
Hence, the design is safe in deflection.

64
Design of Secondary Beam:
Reference Step Calculation Result

1 Known Data D=360mm

Overall Depth of beam,D= 500 mm b=230 mm

Width of Beam, b= 228.6 mm d=320mm

Assuming, 16 mm Dia.Reinforcement

Clear cover=32mm
Effective cover,d'= 40 mm

Effective depth,d= 315.6 mm

2 Check for member stress

Factored Axial stress= 0

IS 13920:1993 Axial Stress < 0.1fck

(Cl. 6.1.1) Hence, Design as flexural member.

3 Check for member
IS 13920:1993 Width of beam,b= 228.6 mm > 200mm OK

(Cl. 6.1.3) Depth of beam,D= 355.6 mm

IS 13920:1993 b/D= 0.642>0.3 OK

(Cl. 6.1.2) C/C length of beam=6000 m

IS 13920:1993 Clear span length,L= 5.695 m

(Cl. 6.1.4) L/D= 16.01>4 OK.

4 Check for limiting longitudinal

reinforcement
IS 13920:1993 Min. reinforcement,

(Cl. 6.2.1(b)) Astmin = (0.24*√fck/fy))*100%

65
 = 0.24%

So, Astmin = 0.24% * d* b = 173.150mm2 Astmin = 173.150mm2

IS 13920:1993 Max. reinforcement,

(Cl. 6.2.2) Astmax = 0.025*b*d

= 1803.654 mm2 Astmax =1803.654mm2

5 Design of Flexure
For beam 67,
SP 16 Table D Mulim = 3.33*b*d2

= 75.821 kN-m Mulim = 75.821 kN-m

At Left end

For hogging moment (-ve moment)

Mu = 44.2882kN-m (From ETABS 2017)
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.123
Mu/(b*d2) = 1.827
SP 16 (Table 3) Pt= 0.47% (top)

Ast= Pt%*b*d
= 349.831mm2 >Astmin
Top reinforcement required=349.831mm2 Ast=349.831 mm2

IS 13920:1993 Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.

(Cl. 6.2.3) Bottom reinforcement =174.915mm2 Asc= 178.637 mm2

66
 For top reinforcement
Provide 2-20mm dia reinforcement at top

Astprovided=628.318mm2 Astprovided= 628.38

mm2

For bottom reiforcement

Provide 2-20mm dia reinforcement at bottom

Ascprovided= 628.318mm2 Ascprovided=

628.318mm2

At midspan
For sagging moment (+ve moment)
Mu = 45.668 kN-m From ETABS 2017
Mu < Mulim
Hence, Singly reinforced beam.
d'/d = 0.123
Mu/(b*d2) = 1.884
SP 16 (Table 3) Pt = 0.484 % (bottom)

Ast = 0.484% * b *d
= 360.251 mm2 < Astmin Ast= 360.251 mm2
IS 13920:1993 Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.

(Cl. 6.2.3) Asc = 50% * Ast

= 180.125mm2 Asc= 180.125 mm2

For bottom reinforcement

Provide 2-20mm dia reinforcement at top
Astprovided= 628.318 mm2 Astprovided= 628.318
mm2

For top reiforcement

Provide 2-20mm dia reinforcement at bottom
Ascprovided= 628.318 mm2 Ascprovided= 628.318
mm2

67
 At right end
For hogging moment (-ve moment)

Mu = 97.4424kN-m (From ETABS 2017)

Mu >Mulim
Hence, Doubly reinforced beam
d'/d = 0.123
Mu/(b*d2) = 4.021

Sp16 table 55 Pt= 1.154% (top)

Pb =0.237%(bottom)

Top reinforcement required=858.947mm2 Ast = 858.947 mm2

IS 13920:1993 Asc must be at least 50% of Ast.

(Cl. 6.2.3) Bottom reinforcement =429.473mm2 Asc = 429.473mm2

For top reinforcement

Provide 3-20mm dia reinforcement at top

Astprovided= 942.477 mm2 Astprovided= 942.477
mm2

For bottom reiforcement

Provide 2-20mm dia reinforcement at bottom

Ascprovided= 628.318mm2 Ascprovided= 628.318

mm2

68
 6 Check for Shear

a Tensile reinforcement provided at Left end

IS 456:2000 Pt= (2*π*20*20)/(4*315.6*228.6)*100

(Table 19) = 0.871%

Maximum shear stress of concrete,

IS 456:2000 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2

(Table 20) Permissible shear strength of concrete,
tc = 0.603 N/mm2 < tc max OK. tc = 0.603 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
= 43.548 kN Vc = 43.548 kN

b Tensile reinforcement provided at midspan

IS 456:2000 Pt= (2*π*20*20)/(4*315.6*228.6)*100
(Table 19) =0.871%
Maximum shear stress of concrete,
IS 456:2000 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2
(Table 20) Permissible shear strength of concrete,
tc = 0.603N/mm2 < tc max OK. tc = 0.603 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
= 43.548 kN Vc = 43.548 kN

c Tensile reinforcement provided at right end

Pt= (942.477/315.6*228.6)*100
IS 456:2000 =1.306%
(Table 19) Maximum shear stress of concrete,
tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2 tc max = 3.1000 N/mm2
IS 456:2000 Permissible shear strength of concrete,
(Table 20) tc = 0.708 N/mm2 tc = 0.708 N/mm2
Design shear stress of concrete,
Vc = tc *b*d
= 51.148 kN Vc = 51.148 kN

69
 7` Design Shear Strength of concrete
Shear Force due to Plastic Hinge at End of
beam
IS 13920:1993 The additional shear due to formation of plastic
hinges at both ends of the beam.
(Cl. 6.3.3 b)
Vsway to right

Vsway to left

where,
MuAs = Sagging moment of resistance at left end

MuBh = hogging moment of resistance at

right end
MuAh = hogging moment of resistance at
left end
MuBs = Sagging moment of resistance at
right end
Is 456:2000
G-1.1

Now,

= 71.234 kN-m < Mulim

= 95.583 kN-m >Mulim

70
 = 71.234 kN-m < Mulim

= 71.234 kN-m < Mulim

From SAP, (Using 1.5((DL+LL))
Va= 45. 947 kN
Vb= 74.681 kN
Va = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
Vb = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
VaD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*45.947)/(1.5*2)
= 18.378 KN
VbD+L = 1.2(DL+LL)/2
= (1.2*74.681)/(1.5*2)
= 29.872 KN
Vsway to right

=-22.630 kN
= 70.881 kN
Vsway to left

=53.40 kN

= -5.150kN

Calculated Shear Force as per analysis:

SF at left end = 45.947 kN
SF at midspan = 26.290kN
SF at right end = 74.681kN

IS 13920:1993 The design shear force to be resisted shall be

(Cl. 6.3.3) maximum of shear force obtained from
analysis and shear force obtained from
the formation of plastic hinges at both
ends of the beam plus factored load on
the span.
Hence, design shear forces are:
At Left end, Vu = 53.4 kN

71
 At midspan = 26.290 kN
At Right end, Vu = 74.681 kN

8 Design of Shear reinforcement

Providing 2-legged 8 dia. Stirrups
Asv=2*(π*d2/4)
=100.531 mm2

IS 456:2000
(Cl.26.5.1.6) = (0.87*500*100.531)/(0.4*228.6)
= 478.247 mm
IS 456:2000 Max. spacing = 0.75d or 300mm
(Cl.26.5.1.5) =0.75*315.6 or 300
= 236.7 or 300mm
Svmax= 235mm
a. At left end
Vu= 53.4 kN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
left end
Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
= 53400-0.603*315.6*228.6

= 9.985kN
Spacing required at left end Sv =
(0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)
= (0.87*500*100.531*315.6)/9895.86

= 1425.355 mm > Svmax

=235mm
IS 13920:1993 Also,Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d at
either end of beam shall be lesser of :
(Cl. 6.3.5) d/4= 315.6/4 = 78.9 mm

8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8*20

= 160 mm
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ Stirrups 8 mm Φ @
100mm c/c upto length of 2*315.6 = 631.2 mm 100mm c/c
from the inner face of the column
b. At midspan

Vu= 26.290 kN

72
 Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
left end
Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=26290-0.603*228.6*315.6
= -17214 N
= -17.214 kN
Since all the shear force is resisted by concrete.
Spacing of the shear reinforcement is kept as
per IS 13920:1993 cl 6.3.5

IS 13920:1993 Spacing should not be greater than d/2 = Stirrups 8 mm Φ @

315.6/2= 157.8 mm 150 mm c/c
(Cl. 6.3.5) Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups
@ 150mm c/c
c. At Right end
Vu= 74.681 kN
Required capacity of shear reinforcement at
right end
Vus= Vu-tc*b*d
=74681-0.708*315.6*228.6
= 23601.51 N
= 23.601 kN
Spacing required at right end Sv =
(0.87fy*Asv*d)/(Vus)
= (0.87*500*100.531*315.6)/23601.51

= 584.771 mm > Svmax

=235mm
IS 13920:1993 Also,Spacing of stirrups over a length of 2d
at either end of beam shall be lesser of :
(Cl. 6.3.5) d/4= 315.6/4 = 78.9mm
8*dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar=
8*20
= 160 mm
Provide 2 - legged 8 mm dia. Stirrups @ Stirrups 8 mm Φ @
100mm c/c upto length of 2*315.6 = 631.2 mm 100mm c/c
from the inner face of the column

73
 9 Check for development length
IS 456:2000

Cl.26.2.1 tbd= 1.4 for M25

= 970.982 mm Ld= 970mm

IS 456:2000

Cl.26.2.2.3

= 95.583 kNm
V= 74.681 kN
Lo = maximun of (12Φ or d )
= maximun of (12*20 or 315.6)
= 315.6mm
Now,
Ld'< 1979.448 mm Ld'< 1979.448 mm
Ld < Ld' ok
Hence, the design is safe.
Anchorage of beam bars in external joints
Anchorage length = Ld + 10Φ - allowance for
90o bend
IS 13920:1993 = 970.982+10*20
(Cl.6.2.5) = 1170.982 mm
Lap Splice
IS 13920:1993 The longitudinal bars shall be spliced.
(Cl.6.2.6) a) Not more than 50% of the bars
shall be spliced at one section.
a) If hooks are provided over the entire splice
b) length
c)
at a spacing not exceeding 150 mm.
Lap splice shall not be spliced within:
i. joints
ii. Distance (2*d'eff) from the face of joint
iii. Quarter length of member where flexural
yielding may occur.

74
 10 Check for deflection for beams
We have,
At Middle
Astrequired= 360.251mm2
Astprovided=628.318 mm2
Astrequired/Astprovided= 0.573
fs= 0.58*fy*Astrequired/Astprovided
=0.58*500*0.573
= 166.273
Pt= Astprovided/(b*D)
IS 456:2000 =0.773%
(Cl.23.2.1.a) Pc= Ascprovided/(b*D)
(Fig. 4, 5, 6 =0.773%
respectively α= 26
for β, ϒ, λ) β= 1.35
ϒ= 1.16
M.F.= 1.566
Allowable (span/depth)= 26 * M.F.
= 26*1.566
= 40.716
Provided (span/depth)=(6000/315.6)
= 19 < 40.716ok
Here the maximum span/depth ratio is smaller
than its allowable value.
Hence, the design is safe in deflection.

75
8.6 Design of Column:
A column may be defined as an element used primary to support axial compressive loads and
with a height of a least three times its lateral dimension. The strength of column depends on
the strength of materials, shape and size of cross section, length and degree of proportional and
dedicational restrains at its ends.
The longitudinal bars in column help to bear the load in the combination with the concrete. The
longitudinal bars are held in the position by transverse reinforcement, or lateral binders. The
binders prevent displacement of longitudinal bars during concreting cooperation and also check
the tendency of their buckling towards under loads.
It is assumed to possess adequate safety against collapse. The limit state method of sign of
column is based on the behavior of structure at collapse ensuring adequate margin of safety.
The serviceability limits of deflection and cracks are assumed to be satisfied as the column
being primarily a compression member has very small reflections and cracks.

Column Id: Basement C2 Load Combination:1.5(DL+LL)

Grade of Concrete: M25 Grade of Steel: Fe 500
REFERENCE STEP CALCULATION OUTPUT UNIT REMARK
1 Known data
Width of column, Dx 450.00 mm
Depth of column, Dy 450.00 mm
Height of Column,L 2.85 m
Unsupported height, l 2.39 m
effective length, le = 0.65l 1.55 m
Grade of concrete, fck 25.00 N/mm2
Grade of steel, fy 500.00 N/mm2

IS456:2000 cl
26.4.2.1 Assume data: Clear cover
Effective cover, d' 60.00 mm >=40mm

2 Check for axial stress

IS 13920:1993
0.1fck 2.50 N/mm2
cl.7.1.1

Factored axial load 3309.45 KN

76
 Axial
factored axial stress 8.91 N/mm2
stress>0.1fck

3
Check for member size
IS 13920:1993
cl.7.1.1 450mm
Width of column, Dx=
>300mm

450mm
Depth of column,Dy=
>300mm
Dx/Dy 1.00 >0.4
Hence, design as a column member Ok

4
IS456:2000, Check for slendeness
cl.25.1.2
l/Dx 3.44 < 12
l/Dy 3.44 < 12
Hence,column to be designe is short column

5 Design of section
Here, from ETABS18
Designed load,Pu 3309.45 KN
Moment, Mux 140.83 KNm
Moment, Muy 2.74 KNm

IS456:2000
Minimum eccentricity,
cl.25.4

exmin=maximum of[(L/500+Dx/30)
19.73
and 20]

eymin=maximum of[(L/500+Dy/30)
and 20] 19.73

Eccentricity due to load

ex=Mux/Pu 42.55 mm
ey=Muy/Pu 0.83 mm

Designed eccentricity
ex 42.55 mm

77
ey 19.73 mm

Permissible eccentricity
ex permissible (0.05Dx) 22.50
ey permissible(0.05Dy) 22.50

Check designed and permisible e 0.05Dx<ex

0.05Dy>ey
Both eccentricities cannot be ignored.
So column is designed uni-axially
loaded.
Mux=ex*Pu 140.83 KNm

Designed moments,
Mux 140.83 KNm

Pu/(fck*Dx*Dy) 0.65
Mux/(fck*Dx*Dy^2) 0.06

Adopting the orientation of

reinforcement
equally on four direction
d'/Dy 0.10
d' 45.00

From chart 48
Pt/fck 0.09
Pt 2.25
Since Pt 2.25
Minimum reinforcement 1620.00 mm2
Maximum reinforcement 8100.00 mm2

then,
Astreq 4556.25 mm2
Let us provide reinforcement of
25.00
diameter d
No. of reinforcement 9.28
No. of reinforcement required 12.00
Let us provide 12.00 no

78
 Provide area of steel 5890.48 mm2
Provide % of steel, Pt 2.91

6 Design of transverse reinforcement

for
shear
% of steel provided 0.01
IS456:2000 Design shear strength of
0.65
Table 19 concrete(M25) tc N/mm2
For members subjected to axial
compression
Pu the design
shear strength of concrete tc shall be
multiplied by factor
IS456:2000,
cl.40.2.2
d (not greater than
1.50
1.5)=1+3Pu/(Ag*fck)
Modified tcmod 0.98 N/mm2

Shear capacity of section ,Vc=

197.44
tcmod *Dx*Dy KN
Shear force from ETABS analysis
Vux 66.90 KN
Vuy 0.05 KN

Design shear force for columns

shall be maximum of:
a) calculated factored shear force as
IS per
13920:1993, analysis and
cl.7.3.4 b) A factored shear force given by
Vu=1.4*((MulimBL+MulimBR)/hst)
MulimbL & MulimbR=moment
resistance of
beams

ANNEX G hst = height of storey 2.85 m

a) EQ in X direction

79
 MulimBL = 0.36*(Xumax /d)*b*d2 246.50
*fck(1-0.42*( Xumax /d)) KNm

MulimBR = 0.36*(Xumax /d)*b*d2 246.50

*fck(1-0.42*( Xumax /d)) KNm
therefore, Vux 173.00 KN
b) EQ in Y direction
MulimBL = 0.36*(Xumax /d)*b*d2 246.50
*fck(1-0.42* ( Xumax /d)) KNm

MulimBR = 0.36*(Xumax /d)*b*d2 246.50

*fck(1-0.42* ( Xumax /d)) KNm
therefore, Vuy 173.00 KN

Design shear force:

173
173
Shear capacity of column
section
is more than induced shear
force in both cases.
So providing nominal shear
reinforcement.

7 Requirement for design of

lateral tie
Provide lateral ties
IS456:2000, a) Dia. ≥
cl.26.5.3.2 6 mm
0.25*largest dia. Of longitudinal
10.00
reinforcement mm

b) Spacing of lateral ties(pitch) ≤

least dimension of column, 450.00
16*smallest dia. Of longitudinal
400.00
reinforcement,
300 mm 300.00 mm

80
 c) Spacing shall not exceed half the
least lateral
of column except where special
confining is provided
d)
IS13930:1993 The spacing of hoops used as
cl 7.4.6 Special confining reinforcement
i. Spacing ≯1/4 of min lateral
dimension =152.4mm
ii. But ≮75mm nor ≯100mm.

e) Lo shall not be less than

i. larger lateral dimension of member 450.00 mm
IS13930:1993 ii. 1/6 of clear span of the member,
398.33
cl 7.4.1 and mm
iii. 450 mm 450.00 mm
Lo Provided= 610.00 mm
Spacing Provided for hoops in
80.00
special confining reinforcement= mm
Spacing Provided for lateral
300.00
reinforcement= mm

8 Check for cross-section

Area of special confining
reinforcement
Area of cross section, Ash of
the bar forming rectangular
hoop to be used as confining
reinforcement shall not be less than
IS13930:1993 Ash'=0.18*S*h*fck/fy*(Ag/Ak-1)
cl 7.4.8 L'= 562.10 mm
B'= 562.10 mm
So, Ak=L'*B'= 315956.41 mm2
Ag=L*B= 371612.16 mm2
Spacing of hoop provided at
confining area (upto Lo),S= 80.00 mm
h= Longer dim. Of hoop measured
562.10
to outer face mm
Ash'=0.18*S*h*fck/fy*(Ag/Ak-1)= 71.29
Area of cross-section of 10mm hoop,
78.50
Ash=
Hence, Providing 8nos-25mm bar as longitudinal reinforcement, Special confining
reinforcement of 10mmϕ @ 80mm c/c for a distance of Lo= 610mm from two side of the joints
and 10mmϕ lateral ties @ 300mm c/c in central part.

81
8.7 Design of Foundation
It is necessary to provide a continuous footing under all the columns and walls if the loads
transmitted by the columns in a structure are so heavy or the allowable soli bearing pressure
small. Such a footing is called a raft or mat foundation. The raft is divided in to series centered
on the appropriate column rows in the both directions as shown in figure below. The shear and
bending moment diagrams may be drawn using continuous beam analysis or coefficient for
each strip. The depth is selected to satisfy requirements. The steel requirements will vary from
strip. This method generally gives a conservative design since the interaction of adjacent strips
is neglected.
DESIGN OF MAT FOUNDATION
• As stress for all the columns are below the safe bearing capacity of the soil (i.e., 180 KN/m2)
• Steel Grade: Fe 500
• So that pressure due to service load (ƩP) will safely transfer to the soil below.
• Considering 7 horizontal strip along 1,2,3, 4,5,6 and 7 & 8 vertical strips along A, B, C, D,
E, Fand G axis as in plan.
• Concrete Grade: M25
Clear Cover: 50mm

Table: - Detail Design of Mat Foundation

Reference SN Calculation Output
1 Known Data q =105.298
Strip B-B Avg. Upward Soil Pressure,
q= 105.298 KN/m2
Max Span Length, L=6.05m

2 Moment Calculation
Ms =385.417
Maximum Support Moment, Ms = q L2 / 10
IS 456-2000 KNm/m

Ms =105.298*6.052/ 10
Table 12
Maximum Span Moment,
Mm =321.181
Mm = q L2 / 12
KNm /m

IS 456-2000 Mm =105.298*6.052/ 12
Table 12
=321.181 KNm per m width
3 Depth from Moment Consideration
Depth of footing,
SP 16 Table
D

82
 𝑀 385.417∗10^6
𝑑 = √3.33∗𝑏 = √ d= 350mm
3.33∗𝑏

= 340.21mm

4 Check for two way shear i.e. Punching Shear

IS 456-2000 Permissible punching shear,
Cl. 31.6.3.1 tv'=β*.25*√fck tv'=1.250
=1*0.25*√(25)=1.250 N/mm2
FOR Interior COLUMN B4

IS 456-2000 Perimeter,bo=(609.6+d)*4 d=460mm

Cl. 31.6.2.1
𝑃𝑢
Pu =2432.965 KN 𝑡𝑣 =
𝑏𝑜∗𝑑
Nominal Shear stress,

Solving for d, d= 456.44 mm

Providing effective depth d= 460mm
d’ =50 mm
Total depth D = 610mm

5 Check for two way shear i.e. Punching Shear at

corner

IS 456-2000 Permissible punching shear,

Cl31.6.3.1
tv'=β*.25*√fck tv'=1.250
=1*0.25*√(25)=1.250 N/mm2
FOR Corner COLUMN B2

IS 456-2000 Perimeter, bo=(450+d)*2+(609.6+0.5d)*2 d=340mm

Cl.31.6.2.1
=2438.4+3d
Pu =3414.912 KN

Nominal Shear stress, 𝑡𝑣

Solving for d, d= 630.5 mm

Providing effective depth d= 635mm

D=685 mm

83
 d’ =50 mm
Total depth D = 685mm
IS 456-2000 6 Calculation of Area of Steel
cl. 26.5.2 Min Ast = 0.12% of bD Min Ast
2
= 822 mm 822 mm2

Area of Steel at Support (Bottom Bars)

IS 456-2000 𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6 𝑋 𝑀𝑠
Ast = 0.5 ∗ (1 − √1 − )∗𝑏∗𝑑
Annex G 𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑋 𝑏𝑋 𝑑2
(G-1.1 b)

25 4.6 ∗ 385.417 ∗ 106

= 0.5 ∗ (1 − √1 − )
500 25 ∗ 1000 ∗ 6352
∗ 1000 ∗ 635
=1463.453 mm2 ≥ 822 mm2
Providing 20 mm dia bars,
Spacing Required,
1000
𝑆𝑣 = 1463.453 = 214.66 mm
π∗0.25∗20
2 Provide Ast=
1590.43 mm2
Provide 210 mm spacing.
Provide 20
mm bar @
210 mm c/c

1496 =1496 mm2

𝑃𝑡 = 1000∗635 ∗ 100 = 0.235%

Therefore, Provide top Reinforcement 20 mm @

210 mm cc.
Area of Steel at Mid (Top Bars)
𝑓 4.6 𝑋 𝑀𝑚
Ast = 0.5 ∗ 𝑐𝑘 (1 − √1 − 2) 𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑋 𝑏𝑋 𝑑

25 4.6 ∗ 321.181 ∗ 106

= 0.5 ∗ (1 − √1 − )
500 25 ∗ 1000 ∗ 6352
∗ 1000 ∗ 635
= 1209.4 mm2 ≥ 900 mm2
Providing 20 mm dia bars,

84
 Spacing Required,

1000
𝑆𝑣 = 1209.4 = 259.76mm
2 Provide Ast=
π∗0.25∗20
1396.26 mm2
Provide 255 mm spacing.
Provide 20
mm bar @
255mm c/c

1396.26 =1304.969 mm2

𝑃𝑡 = 1000∗635 ∗ 100 = 0.219%

Therefore ,Provide top Reinforcement 20 mm @

225 mm cc.
Pt=0.235+0.219=0.454%
[ Note: For permissible shear stress calculation the
top and bottom reinforcement can be summed up
but not for the deflection calculation.]
6
IS 456-2000 For Distribution bars,
cl. 26.5.2
Using minimum area of steel,
Provide
20mm bar @
Ast = 0.12% of bD = 822 mm2
IS 456-2000 250mm c/c
Annex G
b(G-1.1 b) Provide 20 mm Ø bars
Spacing Required,
1000
𝑆𝑣 = 822 = 382.188mm
2
π∗0.25∗20

Provide 250 mm spacing.

Thus provide 20 mm dia rod @ 250mm c/c.
7 Check for one Way Shear
0.6qL= 0.6*105.298*6.05 = 382.231kN
IS 456-2000
0.4qL= 0.4*105.298*6.05 = 254.82 kN
Table 19
x= 3.63 m

a/2+d= 0.6096/2+0.635=0.94m
Shear at Critical Section, Vu = 283.25 kN

85
382.231

x=3.63 m 254.82
For Pt =0.454 %
tc = 0.466 N/mm2
tc =
tc x b x d = 295.96kN > Vu (Safe)
0.466N/mm2
Hence, Safe

86
8.8 Design of Basement Shear wall:

Basement wall is constructed to retain the earth and to prevent moisture from seeping into the
building. Since the basement wall is supported by the mat foundation, the stability is ensured
and the design of the basement wall is limited to the safe design of vertical stem.
Basement walls are exterior walls of underground structures (tunnels and other earth sheltered
buildings), or retaining walls must resist lateral earth pressure as well as additional pressure
due to other type of loading. Basement walls carry lateral earth pressure generally as vertical
slabs supported by floor framing at the basement level and upper floor level. The axial forces
in the floor structures are, in turn, either resisted by shear walls or balanced by the lateral earth
pressure coming from the opposite side of the building.
Although basement walls act as vertical slabs supported by the horizontal floor framing, keep
in mind that during the early construction stage when the upper floor has not yet been built the
wall may have to be designed as a cantilever.
Design of Basement Wall:

SN Calculation Remarks
1 Design constraints:
Clear height of the basement up to where soil pressure acts
h = 2.610
Soil type: Silty gravel
unit weight of soil,
ϒ = 17kN/m3
Angle of internal friction of the soil, θ = 30˚ (Assume)
surcharge produced due to the vehicular movement,
Ws = 5 kN/m2
Safe bearing capacity of soil,
qs = 180 kN/m2

2 Moment calculation:

Ka= = 0.333
lateral load due to soil pressure,

Pa =(1/2)*Ka*ϒ* = 19.281KN/m
lateral load due to surcharge load,
Ps = Ka*Ws*h = 4.345KN/m

87
 Characteristics moment at the base of the wall,
Mc =Pa*h/3+Ps*h/2 = 22.389KNm
Design moment, Md =1.5*Mc = 1.5*22.389 = 33.583 KNm

3 Approximate design of section:

Let effective depth of wall = d assuming unit width of wall;
d = (Md/(0.133*fck*b))^1/2 = 100.499mm (shouldnot be less than
150mm) b=1000mm
Providing d = 160 mm
Providing effective cover, d' = 40.0 mm
So, total depth, D = 200 mm

4 Calculation of main steel reinforcement:

Mu = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1-(fy*Ast)/(b*d*fck))
Ast= 515.766 mm2
Min. area of tensile reinforcement
Astmin = 0.0025* b*D = 500mm2
Ast required ≥Astmin (ok)
Max. diameter of reinforcement = D/10 = 20 mm
So, providing rod of diameter, φ = 12 mm

For unit width of wall, spacing of bar,

Sv = (1000/((Astreq)/(π*d^2/4)))
= 219.34 mm
= 200mm
Max. spacing allow =min of(lw/5, 3tw or 450)mm = 450 mm
So, spacing provided = 200 mm
Providing 12mm φ bar @200 mm c/c
For actual Ast provided,
200= (1000/((Astpro)/(π*d^2/4)))
= 565.483 mm2
Actual Pt provided = (565.483/(1000*200))*100%
= 0.282%
Provide vertical reinforcement 12mm dia bars @200mm at the
inner face.

5 Check for deflection

Leff= 0.65*5000 = 1696.5 mm

88
 Allowable deflection= Leff/250 = 6.786
Actual Deflection = (Ps*l^4)/(8*EI) +(Pa*l^4)/(30*EI)
I= (1000*200^3)/12
=666666666.67 mm^4
E=5000√fck = 25000
Actual defection= 1.835 mm
Hence, safe in deflection.
6 Check for shear:
The critical section for shear is at 'd' distance from the face of
support. i.e. here at d =160mm from top of mat foundation
i.e. z = h-d
= 2.45m below the top edge of wall
Design Shear force at critical section,
Vu = 1.5(Ka*Ws*z + Ka*γ*(z^2)/2) = 31.374 KN
So, nominal shear stress, τv = Vu/(bD) = 0.156 N/mm^2

Permissible shear stress, τc for Pt = 0.264%

= 0.371 N/mm^2
τv<τs + τc . So, safe

7 Calculation of horizontal reinforcement steel bars:

Provided as min. Ast required = 0.0025 *Dh
= 1305 mm^2
As temperature changes occur at the front face of the basement
wall, so 2/3 horizontal reinforcement is provided at the front face
and 1/3 of horizontal reinforcement is provided in inner face.
Front face reinforcement = 2/3* Asthor =870 mm^2
providing φ 12mm bars in number,
N= (870)/((π*d^2/4) = 7.69≈ 8
N =8 no. @ spacing = (h-clear cover at both side-φ)/(N-1)
= 364.328 mm ≈360 mm Cover=30mm
max. allow spacing = min of (lw/5, 3*d or 450mm) = 450.0 mm
providing φ 12 mm bars @ 360 mm c/c spacing

Inner face reinforcement = 1/3* Asthor

= 290 mm^2
providing φ 16 mm bars in number,
N= (435)/((π*d^2/4) = 3.84 ≈ 4
N=4 no.@ spacing = (h-clear cover at both side-φ)/(N-1)

Cover=30mm

89
 = 850mm
max. allow spacing =lw/5, 3*d or 450mm = 450.0 mm
providing φ 12 mm bars @ 450 mm c/c spacing

8 Curtailment of Reinforcement:
Bars can't be curtailed at distance less than Ld from bottom of stem.
Ld = 0.87fy*φ/(4*τbd*1.6)
= 776.785 mm
Curtailment can be done in 2 layers: 1/3 & 2/3 ht. of stem above base

Let us curtail bars at 1/3 distance

i.e. = 1/3* h from the base
= 0.87 m
So, at the position of curtailment :
Lateral load due to soil pressure,
Pa = Ka*γ*(h-h/3)^2/2
= 8.569 KN/m
Lateral load due to surcharge load,
Ps = Ka*ws*(h-h/3)
= 2.897 KN/m

Characteristic BM at the position of curtailment,

h' =h-(h/3) = 1.74 m
Mc = Pa*h'/3+Ps*h'/2 = 7.490 KN/m
Design moment, M = 1.5*Mc = 11.235 KN/m

Since this moment is less than half of the moment at the base of stem, spacing of vertical
reinforcement are doubled from h/3 from the base of the wall.
So, providing 16mm φ bar @ 450mm c/c 0.9 m from base.

90
8.9 Design of Lift Wall:
The lift wall has been designed as the reinforced wall, monolithic to the other structural
members which are the subjected to the direct compression. They are designed as per the
empirical procedure given in the IS 456:2000, Cl.32.2.

DESIGN OF LIFT WALL

GRADE OF CONCRETE M25 GRADE OF REBAR Fe500

REFERENCE STEP CALCULATION OUTPUT

1 KNOWN DATA
Length of Lift Wall = 2.9 m
breadth of lift wall= 2.725 m
Height, H 2.85 m
Asuume wall thickess ,t=230mm 0.23 m
Grade of concrete 20 N/mm2

2 Check for slenderness ratio

IS 456- 2000
effective height of the wall,Hwe=0.75H= 2.137 m
Cl.32.2.4 a
slenderness ratio,Hwe/t= 9.290
<30

Minimum eccentricity
IS 456- 2000
emin=0.05t 11.5 mm
Cl.32.2.3
Additional eccentricity
IS 456- 2000
ea=H2we/2500*t 7.942 mm
Cl.32.2.2

3 Utimate load carrying capacity

IS 456- 2000 Ultimate load carrying capacity per unit length of 1502.37
Cl.32.2.5 the wall is ,Puw = 0.3(t-1.2e-2ea)fck N/mm

4 Calculation of main vertical reinforcement

Assume bar dia 12 mm
Assume clear cover=30 30 mm

Using Using 12 mm Ø bar , Effective cover ,

d’=36 36 mm

91
 a When lateral load is acting along X- direction

1656.323
Mu
KNm
Vu 95.06 KN
Pu 919.334 KN
d/D 0.02
SP-16, Chart
mux/fckbD2= 0.0404
35
Pu/FckbD=0.08 0.082
pt/fck= 0.02
IS 13920-
Pt= 0.40%
1993 Cl.9.1.4
Min ,Ast=.25%ofbD 1566.88 mm2
Area of 12mm= 113.04 mm2
No.of bars=14 (>13.850) 13.850
IS456:2000
Spacing of bars= 205 mm
Cl.32.5 b

Check for Spacing

Spacing of vertical steel reinforcement should be
least of
Lw/5 580 mm
3t 690 mm
To take account of the reversal effect,
Provide 12 mm Ø bars @ 180 mm c/c on both
faces of the wall.

b When Lateral Load is acting along Ydirection

Mu 828.16 KNm
Vu 47.53 KN
Pu 459.667 KN
d/D 0.02

SP-16 Chart mux/FckbD2= 0.058

35
Pu/FckbD= 0.058
pt/fck=

0.02

92
 Pt= 0.4
IS 13920-
Min ,Ast=.4%ofbD 1667.5 mm2
1993 Cl.9.1.4
Area of 12mm= 113.04 mm2
No.of bars=15 (>14.750) 14.750
Spacing of bars=(2900-36-12)/(15*2-1) 98.340 mm
Thus,12Ø@ 100mm c/c
Check for Spacing
IS 456- 2000 Spacing of vertical steel reinforcement should be
Cl.32.5 b least of
Lw/5 545 mm
3t 690 mm
To take account of the reversal effect,
Provide 12 mm Ø bars @ 100 mm c/c on both
faces of the wall.

5 Calculation of Horizontal Steel Reinforcement

IS 456- 2000 Area of horizontal steel reinforcement = 0.25 %
1638.75
Cl.32.5 c bH
providing 12mm bar
No.of bars=15 (>15.500) 14.500
Spacing of bars= 200 mm
Check for Spacing
IS 456- 2000 Spacing of vertical steel reinforcement should be
Cl.32.5 c least of
Lw/5 570 mm
3t 690 mm
To take account of the reversal effect,
Provide 12 mm Ø bars @ 180 mm c/c on both
faces of the wall.

6 Check for shear

IS 456- 2000
a When Lateral Load is acting along X-direction
Cl.32.4.2
Nominal Shear Stress,
τv=Vu/(t*.8Lw) 1.722N/mm2
Allowable shear Stress,
IS 456- 2000
τallowable=0.17fck 4.25N/mm2
Cl.32.4.2.1

93
IS 456- 2000
Design of Shear strength of Concrete
Cl.32.4.3.b
Hw/Lw= 0.98
τcw should be lesser of
(3-Hw/Lw)k1√fck= 1.622N/mm2
τcw=k2√fck((Hw/Lw+1)/(Hw/Lw-1)) -.08N/mm2
But not less than 0.15√fck= 0.15√20 0.75 N/mm2
OK.
b When Lateral Load is acting along y direction
Nominal Shear Stress,
IS 456- 2000
τv=Vu/(t*.8Lw) 0.094N/mm2
Cl.32.4.2
Allowable shear Stress,
IS 456- 2000
τallowable=0.17fck 4.25 N/mm2
Cl.32.4.2.1

IS 456- 2000
Design of Shear strength of Concrete
Cl.32.4.3.a
Hw/Lw= 1.04>1
τcw should be lesser of
(3-Hw/Lw)k1√fck= 1.580 N/mm2
τcw=k2√fck((Hw/Lw+1)/(Hw/Lw-1)) 0.16 N/mm2
hence τcw
But not less than 0.15√fck= 0.15√25 0.75N/mm2
OK.

94
 ANNEX I:
CALCULATIONS
AND
TABLES

95
Table 1: PRIMARY BEAM LOAD CALCULATIONS:
Density
Floor BEAM Length (m) Width(m) Depth (m) Load (KN)
(KN/m3)
A6-A4 6.075 0.3048 0.4572 25 21.164
A4-A2 5.775 0.3048 0.4572 25 20.119
A6-B6 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
A4-B4 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
A2-B2 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
B6-B4 6.075 0.3048 0.4572 25 21.164
B4-B2 5.775 0.3048 0.4572 25 20.119
B6-C6 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
B4-C4 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
B2-C2 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
C7-C6 0.0025 0.3048 0.4572 25 0.009
C6-C5 1.825 0.3048 0.4572 25 6.358
C5-C4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
C4-C3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
C3-C2 0.505 0.3048 0.4572 25 1.759
C2-C1 1.625 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.661
Ground C7-D7 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
floor to
C5-D5 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
Sixth Floor
C4-D4 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C3-D3 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C1-D1 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
D7-D5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
D5-D4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
D4-D3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
D3-D1 3.005 0.3048 0.4572 25 10.469
D7-E7 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D5-E5 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D4-E4 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D3-E3 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D1-E1 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
E7-E5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
E5-E4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
E4-E3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
E3-E1 3.005 0.3048 0.4572 25 10.469
TOTAL 438.888

96
 Density Load
Floor BEAM Length (m) Width(m) Depth (m)
(KN/m3) (KN)
A6-A4 6.075 0.3048 0.4572 25 21.164
A4-A2 5.775 0.3048 0.4572 25 20.119
A6-B6 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
A4-B4 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
A2-B2 5.125 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.855
B6-B4 6.075 0.3048 0.4572 25 21.164
B4-B2 5.775 0.3048 0.4572 25 20.119
B6-C6 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
B4-C4 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
B2-C2 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
C7-C6 0.0025 0.3048 0.4572 25 0.009
C6-C5 1.825 0.3048 0.4572 25 6.358
C5-C4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
C4-C3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
C3-C2 0.505 0.3048 0.4572 25 1.759
C2-C1 1.625 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.661
C7-D7 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C5-D5 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C4-D4 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C3-D3 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
Basement C1-D1 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
D7-D5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
D5-D4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
D4-D3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
D3-D1 3.005 0.3048 0.4572 25 10.469
D7-E7 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D5-E5 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D4-E4 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D3-E3 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D1-E1 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
E7-E5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
E5-E4 3.375 0.3048 0.4572 25 11.758
E4-E3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
E3-E1 3.005 0.3048 0.4572 25 10.469
F7-F5 3.6 0.3048 0.4572 25 12.542
F5-F4 4.25 0.3048 0.4572 25 14.806
F4-F3 5.27 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.360
F3-F1 3.88 0.3048 0.4572 25 13.517
G7-G5 3.6 0.3048 0.4572 25 12.542
G5-G4 4.25 0.3048 0.4572 25 14.806

97
 G4-G3 5.27 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.36
G3-G1 3.88 0.3048 0.4572 25 13.5174
E7-F7 0.8 0.3048 0.4572 25 2.78709
E5-F5 0.8 0.3048 0.4572 25 2.78709
E4-F4 0.8 0.3048 0.4572 25 2.78709
E3-F3 0.8 0.3048 0.4572 25 2.78709
E1-F1 0.8 0.3048 0.4572 25 2.78709
F7-G7 4.605 0.3048 0.4572 25 16.0432
F5-G5 4.605 0.3048 0.4572 25 16.0432
F4-G4 4.605 0.3048 0.4572 25 16.0432
F3-G3 4.605 0.3048 0.4572 25 16.0432
F1-G1 4.605 0.3048 0.4572 25 16.0432
TOTAL 651.491

Density Load
Floor BEAM Length (m) Width(m) Depth (m)
(KN/m3) (KN)

B4-B2 5.775 0.3048 0.4572 25 20.119

B2-C2 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
B4-C4 5.225 0.3048 0.4572 25 18.203
C7-C6 0.0025 0.3048 0.4572 25 0.009
C6-C5 1.825 0.3048 0.4572 25 6.358
C4-C3 4.395 0.3048 0.4572 25 15.312
C3-C2 0.505 0.3048 0.4572 25 1.759
C2-C1 1.625 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.661
Roof C5-D5 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C3-D3 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
C1-D1 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
D7-D5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
D3-D1 3.005 0.3048 0.4572 25 10.469
D7-E7 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
D5-E5 4.925 0.3048 0.4572 25 17.158
E7-E5 2.725 0.3048 0.4572 25 9.494
C7-D7 1.575 0.3048 0.4572 25 5.487
Total 171.345

98
Table 2: SECONDARY BEAM LOAD CALCULATION:
Density
Floor BEAM Length (m) Width(m) Depth (m) Load (KN)
(KN/m3)
B65 6 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.194
B66 6.1 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.397
B67 6 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.194
Ground to
B68 6.1 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.397
Sixth
B69 3.88 0.2286 0.3556 25 7.885
B70 5.27 0.2286 0.3556 25 10.710
B71 4.25 0.2286 0.3556 25 8.637
Total 76.413

Density
Floor BEAM Length (m) Width(m) Depth (m) Load (KN)
(KN/m3)
B65 6 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.194
B66 6.1 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.397
B67 6 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.194
B68 6.1 0.2286 0.3556 25 12.397
B69 3.88 0.2286 0.3556 25 7.885
Basement B70 5.27 0.2286 0.3556 25 10.710
B71 4.25 0.2286 0.3556 25 8.637
B78 3.88 0.2286 0.3556 25 7.885
B77 5.27 0.2286 0.3556 25 10.710
B76 4.25 0.2286 0.3556 25 8.637
B75 3.6 0.2286 0.3556 25 7.316
Total 110.961

99
Table 3: COLUMN LOAD CALCULATION:
Length Height Density
Floor Column Width(mm) Load (KN)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3)
A-6 450 450 2945 25 14.909
A-4 450 450 2945 25 14.909
A-2 450 450 2945 25 14.909
B-6 450 450 2945 25 14.909
B-4 450 450 2945 25 14.909
B-2 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-7 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-6 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-5 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-4 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-3 450 450 2945 25 14.909
Basement C-2 450 450 2945 25 14.909
C-1 450 450 2945 25 14.909
D-7 450 450 2945 25 14.909
D-5 450 450 2945 25 14.909
D-4 450 450 2945 25 14.909
D-3 450 450 2945 25 14.909
D-1 450 450 2945 25 14.909
E-7 450 450 2945 25 14.909
E-5 450 450 2945 25 14.909
E-4 450 450 2945 25 14.909
E-3 450 450 2945 25 14.909
E-1 450 450 2945 25 14.909
Total 342.908

Length Height Density Load

Floor Column Width(mm)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3) (KN)
A-6 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
A-4 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
A-2 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
Ground to B-6 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
Fourth B-4 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
B-2 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-7 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-6 450 450 2735 25 13.8459

100
 C-5 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-4 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-3 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-2 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
C-1 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
D-7 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
D-5 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
D-4 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
D-3 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
D-1 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
E-7 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
E-5 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
E-4 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
E-3 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
E-1 450 450 2735 25 13.8459
Total 318.457

Length Height Density Load

Floor Column Width(mm)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3) (KN)
A-6 450 450 2635 25 13.340
A-4 450 450 2635 25 13.340
A-2 450 450 2635 25 13.340
B-6 450 450 2635 25 13.340
B-4 450 450 2635 25 13.340
B-2 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-7 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-6 450 450 2635 25 13.340
Fifth C-5 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-4 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-3 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-2 450 450 2635 25 13.340
C-1 450 450 2635 25 13.340
D-7 450 450 2635 25 13.340
D-5 450 450 2635 25 13.340
D-4 450 450 2635 25 13.340
D-3 450 450 2635 25 13.340

101
 D-1 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
E-7 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
E-5 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
E-4 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
E-3 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
E-1 450 450 2635 25 13.3397
Total 306.813

Length Height Density Load

Floor Column Width(mm)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3) (KN)
B-4 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
B-2 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-7 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-6 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-5 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-4 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-3 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
Sixth C-2 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
C-1 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
D-7 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
D-5 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
D-3 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
D-1 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
E-7 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
E-5 450 450 2435 25 12.3272
Total 184.908

102
Table 4: SLAB LOAD CALCULATION:
Area Depth Density
Floor Slab Load (KN)
(m2) (m) (KN/m3)
A6-B6-B4-A4-A6 47.557 0.127 25 150.993
A4-B4-B2-A2-A4 45.625 0.127 25 144.859
B6-C6-C5-C4-B4-B6 25.925 0.127 25 82.312
Basement, B4-C4-C3-C2-B2-B4 21.655 0.127 25 68.755
Ground
C5-D5-D4-C4-C5 10.4125 0.127 25 33.060
Floor to
C4-D4-D3-C3-C4 12.9115 0.127 25 40.994
Fifth
Floor D5-E5-E4-D4-D5 26.509 0.127 25 84.166
D4-E4-E3-D3-D4 32.871 0.127 25 104.365
D3-E3-E1-D1-D3 26.93 0.127 25 85.503
Total 250.396 795.007

Area Depth Density

Floor Slab Load (KN)
(m2) (m) (KN/m3)

C7-C6-C5-D5-D7-C7 12.921 0.127 25 41.0242

D7-D5-E5-E7-D7 27.912 0.127 25 88.6206
Roof B4-B2-C2-C3-C4-B4 47.9531 0.127 25 152.251
C3-C2-C1-D1-D3-C3 11.01 0.127 25 34.9568
Total 99.7961 316.853

103
Table 5: SHEAR WALL LOAD CALCULATION:
Length Height Density Load
Floor Shear Wall Width(mm)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3) (KN)

C7-D7 1575 150 2850 25 16.833

C7-C6 25 150 2850 25 0.267
C6-C5' 1300 150 2850 25 13.894
C5'-C5'' 830 150 2850 25 8.871
D7-D7' 2200 150 2850 25 23.513
D7'-D7'' 745 150 2850 25 7.962
C1'-D1' 2825 150 2850 25 30.192
D1'-D3 2445 150 2850 25 26.131
D3-D3' 495 150 2850 25 5.290
C3'-C3 405 150 2850 25 4.328
Ground C3-C2 505 150 2850 25 5.397
to
C2-C1' 1065 150 2850 25 11.382
Fourth
Floor W44 1500 150 2850 25 16.031
W3 1500 150 2850 25 16.031
W43 4400 150 2850 25 47.025
W49 6100 150 2850 25 65.194
W47 1175 150 2850 25 12.558
W31 1060 150 2850 25 11.329
W48 1175 150 2850 25 12.558
W19 5270 150 2850 25 56.323
W38 1060 150 2850 25 11.329
W10 5800 150 2850 25 61.988
W15 5800 150 2850 25 61.988
Total 526.413

Length Height Density Load

Floor Shear Wall Width(mm)
(mm) (mm) (KN/m3) (KN)
C7-D7 1575 150 2750 25 16.242
C7-C6 25 150 2750 25 0.258
C6-C5' 1300 150 2750 25 13.406
Fifth
C5'-C5'' 830 150 2750 25 8.559
D7-D7' 2200 150 2750 25 22.688
D7'-D7'' 745 150 2750 25 7.683

104
 C1'-D1' 2825 150 2750 25 29.133
D1'-D3 2445 150 2750 25 25.214
D3-D3' 495 150 2750 25 5.105
C3'-C3 405 150 2750 25 4.177
C3-C2 505 150 2750 25 5.208
C2-C1' 1065 150 2750 25 10.983
W44 1500 150 2750 25 15.469
W3 1500 150 2750 25 15.469
W43 4400 150 2750 25 45.375
W49 6100 150 2750 25 62.906
W47 1175 150 2750 25 12.117
W31 1060 150 2750 25 10.931
W48 1175 150 2750 25 12.117
W19 5270 150 2750 25 54.347
W38 1060 150 2750 25 10.931
W10 5800 150 2750 25 59.813
W15 5800 150 2750 25 59.813
Total 507.942

Shear Length Height Density Load

Floor Width(mm)
Wall (mm) (mm) (kN/m3) (KN)
C7-D7 1575 150 3060 25 18.073
C7-C6 25 150 3060 25 0.287
C6-C5' 1300 150 3060 25 14.918
C5'-C5'' 830 150 3060 25 9.524
D7-D7' 2200 150 3060 25 25.245
D7'-D7'' 745 150 3060 25 8.549
C1'-D1' 2825 150 3060 25 32.417
D1'-D3 2445 150 3060 25 28.056
Basement
D3-D3' 495 150 3060 25 5.680
C3'-C3 405 150 3060 25 4.647
C3-C2 505 150 3060 25 5.795
C2-C1' 1065 150 3060 25 12.221
A2-B2 6000 150 3060 25 68.850
C1-D1 2450 150 3060 25 28.114
D1-E1 5800 150 3060 25 66.555
E1-E3 3880 150 3060 25 44.523

105
 E3-E4 5270 150 3060 25 60.473
E4-E5 4250 150 3060 25 48.769
E5-E7 3600 150 3060 25 41.310
E7-D7 5800 150 3060 25 66.555
D7-C7 2450 150 3060 25 28.114
C6-B6 6100 150 3060 25 69.998
B6-A6 6000 150 3060 25 68.850
A6''-A4'' 6950 150 3060 25 79.751
A4''-A2'' 6650 150 3060 25 76.309
2-A2'' 1525 150 3060 25 17.499
6-A6'' 1525 150 3060 25 17.499
W43 4400 150 3060 25 50.490
W49 6100 150 3060 25 69.998
W47 1175 150 3060 25 13.483
W31 1060 150 3060 25 12.164
W48 1175 150 3060 25 13.483
W19 5270 150 3060 25 60.473
W38 1060 150 3060 25 12.164
W10 5800 150 3060 25 66.555
W15 5800 150 3060 25 66.555
Total 1313.945

106
 Table 6: Center of Mass for Primary Beam:
W*X (KN- W*Y
Floor BEAM Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) (KN-m)
A6-A4 21.164 0.000 12.625 0.000 267.201
A4-A2 20.119 0.000 5.825 0.000 117.195
A6-B6 17.855 3.000 16.100 53.564 287.462
A4-B4 17.855 3.000 9.150 53.564 163.371
A2-B2 17.855 3.000 2.500 53.564 44.637
B6-B4 21.164 6.000 12.625 126.987 267.201
B4-B2 20.119 6.000 5.825 120.716 117.195
B6-C6 18.203 9.050 16.100 164.739 293.071
B4-C4 18.203 9.050 9.150 164.739 166.559
B2-C2 18.203 9.050 2.500 164.739 45.508
C7-C6 0.009 12.100 16.113 0.105 0.140
C6-C5 6.358 12.100 14.750 76.932 93.781
C5-C4 11.758 12.100 11.275 142.272 132.572
C4-C3 15.312 12.100 6.515 185.270 99.755
C3-C2 1.759 12.100 4.570 21.288 8.040
C2-C1 5.661 12.100 1.250 68.501 7.077
Ground C7-D7 5.487 13.325 16.920 73.115 92.841
floor to
C5-D5 5.487 13.325 13.320 73.115 73.088
Sixth Floor
C4-D4 5.487 13.325 9.070 73.115 49.768
C3-D3 5.487 13.325 3.880 73.115 21.290
C1-D1 5.487 13.325 0.000 73.115 0.000
D7-D5 9.494 14.550 15.200 138.131 144.302
D5-D4 11.758 14.550 11.275 171.079 132.572
D4-D3 15.312 14.550 6.515 222.784 99.755
D3-D1 10.469 14.550 1.940 152.324 20.310
D7-E7 17.158 17.450 17.000 299.408 291.687
D5-E5 17.158 17.450 13.400 299.408 229.918
D4-E4 17.158 17.450 9.150 299.408 156.996
D3-E3 17.158 17.450 3.880 299.408 66.573
D1-E1 17.158 17.450 0.000 299.408 0.000
E7-E5 9.494 20.350 15.200 193.193 144.302
E5-E4 11.758 20.350 11.275 239.276 132.572
E4-E3 15.312 20.350 6.515 311.591 99.755
E3-E1 10.469 20.350 1.940 213.044 20.310
TOTAL 438.888 4901.020 3886.805
CM 11.166 8.856

107
 Load W*X (KN- W*Y
Floor BEAM X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) (KN-m)
A6-A4 21.164 0.000 12.625 0.000 267.201
A4-A2 20.119 0.000 5.825 0.000 117.195
A6-B6 17.855 3.000 16.100 53.564 287.462
A4-B4 17.855 3.000 9.150 53.564 163.371
A2-B2 17.855 3.000 2.500 53.564 44.637
B6-B4 21.164 6.000 12.625 126.987 267.201
B4-B2 20.119 6.000 5.825 120.716 117.195
B6-C6 18.203 9.050 16.100 164.739 293.071
B4-C4 18.203 9.050 9.150 164.739 166.559
B2-C2 18.203 9.050 2.500 164.739 45.507
C7-C6 0.009 12.100 16.113 0.105 0.140
C6-C5 6.358 12.100 14.750 76.932 93.781
C5-C4 11.758 12.100 11.275 142.272 132.571
C4-C3 15.312 12.100 6.515 185.270 99.754
C3-C2 1.759 12.100 4.570 21.288 8.040
C2-C1 5.661 12.100 1.250 68.501 7.076
C7-D7 5.487 13.325 16.920 73.115 92.840
Basement C5-D5 5.487 13.325 13.320 73.115 73.087
C4-D4 5.487 13.325 9.070 73.115 49.767
C3-D3 5.487 13.325 3.880 73.115 21.289
C1-D1 5.487 13.325 0.000 73.115 0.000
D7-D5 9.494 14.550 15.200 138.131 144.301
D5-D4 11.758 14.550 11.275 171.079 132.571
D4-D3 15.312 14.550 6.515 222.784 99.754
D3-D1 10.469 14.550 1.940 152.324 20.309
D7-E7 17.158 17.450 17.000 299.408 291.686
D5-E5 17.158 17.450 13.400 299.408 229.917
D4-E4 17.158 17.450 9.150 299.408 156.995
D3-E3 17.158 17.450 3.880 299.408 66.573
D1-E1 17.158 17.450 0.000 299.408 0.000
E7-E5 9.494 20.350 15.200 193.193 144.301
E5-E4 11.758 20.350 11.275 239.276 132.571
E4-E3 15.312 20.350 6.515 311.591 99.754
E3-E1 10.469 20.350 1.940 213.044 20.309
F7-F5 12.542 21.150 15.200 265.261 190.637

108
 F5-F4 14.806 21.150 11.275 313.156 166.942
F4-F3 18.360 21.150 6.515 388.313 119.615
F3-F1 13.517 21.150 1.940 285.893 26.224
G7-G5 12.542 25.755 15.200 323.017 190.637
G5-G4 14.806 25.755 11.275 381.339 166.942
G4-G3 18.360 25.755 6.515 472.861 119.615
G3-G1 13.517 25.755 1.940 348.140 26.224
E7-F7 2.787 20.750 17.000 57.832 47.381
E5-F5 2.787 20.750 13.400 57.832 37.347
E4-F4 2.787 20.750 9.150 57.832 25.502
E3-F3 2.787 20.750 3.880 57.832 10.814
E1-F1 2.787 20.750 0.000 57.832 0.000
F7-G7 16.043 23.453 17.000 376.253 272.734
F5-G5 16.043 23.453 13.400 376.253 214.979
F4-G4 16.043 23.453 9.150 376.253 146.795
F3-G3 16.043 23.453 3.880 376.253 62.248
F1-G1 16.043 23.453 0.000 376.253 0.000
Total 651.491 9849.427 5711.441
CM 15.118 8.766

W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-

Floor BEAM Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) m)

B4-B2 20.119 6.000 5.825 120.716 117.195

B2-C2 18.203 9.050 2.500 164.739 45.508
B4-C4 18.203 9.050 9.150 164.739 166.559
C7-C6 0.009 12.100 16.113 0.105 0.140
C6-C5 6.358 12.100 14.750 76.932 93.781
C4-C3 15.312 12.100 6.515 185.270 99.755
C3-C2 1.759 12.100 4.570 21.288 8.040
Roof
C2-C1 5.661 12.100 1.250 68.501 7.077
C5-D5 5.487 13.325 13.320 73.115 73.088
C3-D3 5.487 13.325 3.880 73.115 21.290
C1-D1 5.487 13.325 0.000 73.115 0.000
D7-D5 9.494 14.550 15.200 138.131 144.302
D3-D1 10.469 14.550 1.940 152.324 20.310
D7-E7 17.158 17.450 17.000 299.408 291.687

109
 D5-E5 17.158 17.450 13.400 299.408 229.918
E7-E5 9.494 20.350 15.200 193.193 144.302
C7-D7 5.487 13.325 16.920 73.115 92.841
Total 171.345 2177.216 1555.792
CM 12.707 9.079

Table 7: CENTER OF MASS FOR SECONDARY BEAM:

Load W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-
Floor BEAM X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) m)
B65 12.194 3.000 12.625 36.581 153.943
B66 12.397 9.050 12.625 112.191 156.509
B67 12.194 3.000 5.825 36.581 71.027
B68 12.397 9.050 5.825 112.191 72.211
B69 7.885 17.450 1.940 137.596 15.297
Basement B70 10.710 17.450 6.515 186.889 69.776
B71 8.637 17.450 11.275 150.717 97.383
B78 7.885 22.653 1.940 178.622 15.297
B77 10.710 22.653 6.515 242.613 69.776
B76 8.637 22.653 11.275 195.656 97.383
B75 7.316 22.653 15.200 165.732 111.205
Total 110.961 1555.367 929.807
CM 14.017 8.379

W*X (KN- W*Y

Floor BEAM Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) (KN-m)
B65 12.194 3.000 12.625 36.581 153.943
B66 12.397 9.050 12.625 112.191 156.509
B67 12.194 3.000 5.825 36.581 71.027
Ground 12.397 9.050 5.825 112.191 72.211
B68
to
Sixth B69 7.885 17.450 1.940 137.596 15.297
B70 10.710 17.450 6.515 186.889 69.776
B71 8.637 17.450 11.275 150.717 97.383
Total 76.413 772.744 636.146
CM 10.112 8.325

110
Table 8: CENTER OF MASS FOR COLUMN:
Load W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-
Floor Column X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) m)
A-6 14.909 0.000 16.100 0.000 240.036
A-4 14.909 0.000 9.150 0.000 136.418
A-2 14.909 0.000 2.500 0.000 37.273
B-6 14.909 6.000 16.100 89.454 240.036
B-4 14.909 6.000 9.150 89.454 136.418
B-2 14.909 6.000 2.500 89.454 37.273
C-7 14.909 12.100 17.000 180.400 253.454
C-6 14.909 12.100 16.100 180.400 240.036
C-5 14.909 12.100 13.400 180.400 199.781
C-4 14.909 12.100 9.150 180.400 136.418
C-3 14.909 12.100 3.880 180.400 57.847
Basement C-2 14.909 12.100 2.500 180.400 37.273
C-1 14.909 12.100 0.000 180.400 0.000
D-7 14.909 14.550 17.000 216.927 253.454
D-5 14.909 14.550 13.400 216.927 199.781
D-4 14.909 14.550 9.150 216.927 136.418
D-3 14.909 14.550 3.880 216.927 57.847
D-1 14.909 14.550 0.000 216.927 0.000
E-7 14.909 20.350 17.000 303.399 253.454
E-5 14.909 20.350 13.400 303.399 199.781
E-4 14.909 20.350 9.150 303.399 136.418
E-3 14.909 20.350 3.880 303.399 57.847
E-1 14.909 20.350 0.000 303.399 0.000
Total 342.908 4132.792 3047.263
CM 12.052 8.886

111
 W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-
Floor Column Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) m)
A-6 13.846 0.000 16.100 0.000 222.920
A-4 13.846 0.000 9.150 0.000 126.690
A-2 13.846 0.000 2.500 0.000 34.615
B-6 13.846 6.000 16.100 83.076 222.920
B-4 13.846 6.000 9.150 83.076 126.690
B-2 13.846 6.000 2.500 83.076 34.615
C-7 13.846 12.100 17.000 167.536 235.381
C-6 13.846 12.100 16.100 167.536 222.920
C-5 13.846 12.100 13.400 167.536 185.536
C-4 13.846 12.100 9.150 167.536 126.690
Groun C-3 13.846 12.100 3.880 167.536 53.722
d to C-2 13.846 12.100 2.500 167.536 34.615
Fourth C-1 13.846 12.100 0.000 167.536 0.000
D-7 13.846 14.550 17.000 201.458 235.381
D-5 13.846 14.550 13.400 201.458 185.536
D-4 13.846 14.550 9.150 201.458 126.690
D-3 13.846 14.550 3.880 201.458 53.722
D-1 13.846 14.550 0.000 201.458 0.000
E-7 13.846 20.350 17.000 281.765 235.381
E-5 13.846 20.350 13.400 281.765 185.536
E-4 13.846 20.350 9.150 281.765 126.690
E-3 13.846 20.350 3.880 281.765 53.722
E-1 13.846 20.350 0.000 281.765 0.000
Total 318.457 3838.094 2829.971
CM 12.052 8.887

W*X (KN- W*Y

Floor Column Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) (KN-m)
A-6 13.340 0 16.1 0.00 214.77
A-4 13.340 0 9.15 0.00 122.06
A-2 13.340 0 2.5 0.00 33.35
B-6 13.340 6 16.1 80.04 214.77
Fifth
B-4 13.340 6 9.15 80.04 122.06
B-2 13.340 6 2.5 80.04 33.35
C-7 13.340 12.1 17 161.41 226.77
C-6 13.340 12.1 16.1 161.41 214.77

112
 C-5 13.340 12.1 13.4 161.41 178.75
C-4 13.340 12.1 9.15 161.41 122.06
C-3 13.340 12.1 3.88 161.41 51.76
C-2 13.340 12.1 2.5 161.41 33.35
C-1 13.340 12.1 0 161.41 0.00
D-7 13.340 14.55 17 194.09 226.77
D-5 13.340 14.55 13.4 194.09 178.75
D-4 13.340 14.55 9.15 194.09 122.06
D-3 13.340 14.55 3.88 194.09 51.76
D-1 13.340 14.55 0 194.09 0.00
E-7 13.340 20.35 17 271.46 226.77
E-5 13.340 20.35 13.4 271.46 178.75
E-4 13.340 20.35 9.15 271.46 122.06
E-3 13.340 20.35 3.88 271.46 51.76
E-1 13.340 20.35 0 271.46 0.00
Total 306.813 3697.76 2726.50
CM 12.052 8.886

Load W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-

Floor Column X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) m)
B-4 12.327 6 9.15 73.963 112.794
B-2 12.327 6 2.5 73.963 30.818
C-7 12.327 12.1 17 149.159 209.562
C-6 12.327 12.1 16.1 296.207 394.127
C-5 12.327 12.1 13.4 149.159 165.184
C-4 12.327 12.1 9.15 149.159 112.794
C-3 12.327 12.1 3.88 149.159 47.829
Sixth C-2 12.327 12.1 2.5 149.159 30.818
C-1 12.327 12.1 0 149.159 0.000
D-7 12.327 14.55 17 179.361 209.562
D-5 12.327 14.55 13.4 179.361 165.184
D-3 12.327 14.55 3.88 179.361 47.829
D-1 12.327 14.55 0 179.361 0.000
E-7 12.327 20.35 17 250.858 209.562
E-5 12.327 20.35 13.4 250.858 165.184
Total 184.908 2558.246 1901.249
CM 13.835 10.282

113
Table 9: CENTER OF MASS FOR SLAB:
W*X (KN- W*Y
Floor Slab Load (KN) X (m) Y (m)
m) (KN-m)
A6-B6-B4-A4-A6 150.993 3.000 12.625 452.980 1906.293
A4-B4-B2-A2-A4 144.859 3.000 5.825 434.578 843.806
B6-C6-C5-C4-B4-B6 82.312 9.050 12.625 744.922 1039.187
Basement, B4-C4-C3-C2-B2-B4 68.755 9.050 7.435 622.229 511.191
Ground
C5-D5-D4-C4-C5 33.060 13.325 11.275 440.520 372.748
Floor to
C4-D4-D3-C3-C4 40.994 13.325 6.515 546.245 267.076
Fifth
Floor D5-E5-E4-D4-D5 84.166 17.450 11.275 1468.698 948.972
D4-E4-E3-D3-D4 104.365 17.450 6.552 1821.177 683.750
D3-E3-E1-D1-D3 85.503 17.450 1.940 1492.023 165.875
Total 795.007 8023.374 6738.898
CM 10.092 8.476

Load W*X (KN- W*Y

Floor Slab X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) (KN-m)
C7-C6-C5-D5-D7-C7 41.024 13.325 15.200 546.647 623.567
D7-D5-E5-E7-D7 88.621 17.450 15.200 1546.429 1347.033
Roof B4-B2-C2-C3-C4-B4 152.251 9.050 6.515 1377.872 991.916
C3-C2-C1-D1-D3-C3 34.957 13.325 1.940 465.799 67.816
Total 316.853 3936.748 3030.333
CM 12.424 9.563

114
Table 10: CENTER OF MASS FOR SHEAR WALL:

Load W*X (KN- W*Y

Floor Shear Wall X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) (KN-m)

C7-D7 16.833 14.125 17.3625 237.764 292.26

C7-C6 0.267 12.1 16.55 3.233 4.422
C6-C5’ 13.894 12.1 15.0125 168.114 208.58
C5’-C5’’ 8.871 12.2275 14.4375 108.466 128.07
D7-D7’ 23.513 14.55 15.4265 342.107 362.716
D7’-D7’’ 7.962 13.74 14.4375 109.401 114.954
C1’-D1’ 30.192 12.6375 1.06 381.554 32.0037
D1’-D3 26.131 14.55 2.3575 380.205 61.6037
D3-D3’ 5.29 13.865 3.805 73.3502 20.1296
C3’-C3 4.328 12.74 3.805 55.1443 16.4697
Ground C3-C2 5.397 11.7375 3.19 63.3495 17.217
to
C2-C1’ 11.382 11.7375 1.6675 133.598 18.9798
Fourth
Floor W44 16.031 -0.75 16.1 -12.023 258.103
W3 16.031 -0.75 2.5 -12.023 40.0781
W43 47.025 6 5.825 282.15 273.921
W49 65.194 9.05 13.44 590.003 876.204
W47 12.558 12.1 13.9875 151.95 175.652
W31 11.329 12.1 0.53 137.078 6.0042
W48 12.558 14.55 13.9875 182.716 175.652
W19 56.323 14.55 6.515 819.502 366.945
W38 11.329 14.55 0.53 164.833 6.0042
W10 61.988 17.45 17 1081.68 1053.79
W15 61.988 17.45 0 1081.68 0
Total 526.413 6523.83 4509.76
CM 12.3930 8.5670

115
 Load W*X (KN- W*Y (KN-
Floor Shear Wall X (m) Y (m)
(KN) m) m)
C7-D7 16.242 14.125 17.363 229.421 282.005
C7-C6 0.258 12.100 16.550 3.120 4.267
C6-C5’ 13.406 12.100 15.013 162.216 201.261
C5’-C5’’ 8.559 12.228 14.438 104.660 123.576
D7-D7’ 22.688 14.550 15.427 330.103 349.989
D7’-D7’’ 7.683 13.740 14.438 105.562 110.921
C1’-D1’ 29.133 12.638 1.060 368.166 30.881
D1’-D3 25.214 14.550 2.358 366.865 59.442
D3-D3’ 5.105 13.865 3.805 70.776 19.423
C3’-C3 4.177 12.740 3.805 53.209 15.892
C3-C2 5.208 11.738 3.190 61.127 16.613
Fifth C2-C1’ 10.983 11.738 1.668 128.911 18.314
W44 15.469 -0.750 16.100 -11.602 249.047
W3 15.469 -0.750 2.500 -11.602 38.672
W43 45.375 6.000 5.825 272.250 264.309
W49 62.906 9.050 13.440 569.302 845.460
W47 12.117 12.100 13.988 146.618 169.489
W31 10.931 12.100 0.530 132.268 5.794
W48 12.117 14.550 13.988 176.305 169.489
W19 54.347 14.550 6.515 790.747 354.070
W38 10.931 14.550 0.530 159.050 5.794
W10 59.813 17.450 17.000 1043.728 1016.813
W15 59.813 17.450 0.000 1043.728 0.000
Total 507.942 6294.927 4351.519
CM 12.392 8.566

Floor Shear Wall Load (KN) X (m) Y (m) W*X (KN-m) W*Y (KN-m)
C7-D7 18.073 14.125 17.363 255.283 313.790
C7-C6 0.287 12.100 16.550 3.471 4.740
C6-C5' 14.918 12.100 15.013 180.502 223.940
Basement
C5'-C5'' 9.524 12.228 14.438 116.458 137.500
D7-D7' 25.245 14.550 15.427 367.315 389.440
D7'-D7'' 8.549 13.740 14.438 117.462 123.420

116
C1'-D1' 32.417 12.638 1.060 409.668 34.360
D1'-D3 28.056 14.550 2.358 408.220 66.140
D3-D3' 5.680 13.865 3.805 78.755 21.610
C3'-C3 4.647 12.740 3.805 59.208 17.680
C3-C2 5.795 11.738 3.190 68.017 18.480
C2-C1' 12.221 11.738 1.668 143.443 20.370
A2-B2 68.850 3.000 2.500 206.550 172.120
C1-D1 28.114 13.325 0.000 374.616 0.000
D1-E1 66.555 17.450 0.000 1161.385 0.000
E1-E3 44.523 20.350 1.940 906.043 86.370
E3-E4 60.473 20.350 6.515 1230.631 393.980
E4-E5 48.769 20.350 11.275 992.444 549.860
E5-E7 41.310 20.350 15.200 840.659 627.910
E7-D7 66.555 17.450 17.000 1161.385 1131.430
D7-C7 28.114 13.325 17.000 374.616 477.930
C6-B6 69.998 12.100 16.100 846.970 1126.950
B6-A6 68.850 3.000 16.100 206.550 1108.480
A6''-A4'' 79.751 -0.800 12.640 -63.801 1008.050
A4''-A2'' 76.309 -0.800 5.833 -61.047 445.070
2-A2'' 17.499 -0.763 2.500 -13.343 43.740
6-A6'' 17.499 -0.763 16.100 -13.343 281.730
W43 50.490 6.000 5.825 302.940 294.100
W49 69.998 9.050 13.440 633.477 940.760
W47 13.483 12.100 13.988 163.146 188.590
W31 12.164 12.100 0.530 147.178 6.440
W48 13.483 14.550 13.988 196.179 188.590
W19 60.473 14.550 6.515 879.886 393.980
W38 12.164 14.550 0.530 176.979 6.440
W10 66.555 17.450 17.000 1161.385 1131.430
W15 66.555 17.450 0.000 1161.385 0.000
Total 1313.945 15180.668 11975.590
CM 11.553 9.114

117
Table 11: Location of Geometrical centroid:
Point Area(A) m2 About origin A*X A*Y
X(m) Y(m)
A-6 0.372 0.000 16.100 0.000 5.989
A-4 0.372 0.000 9.150 0.000 3.404
A-2 0.372 0.000 2.500 0.000 0.930
B-6 0.372 6.000 16.100 2.232 5.989
B-4 0.372 6.000 9.150 2.232 3.404
B-2 0.372 6.000 2.500 2.232 0.930
C-7 0.372 12.100 17.000 4.501 6.324
C-6 0.372 12.100 16.100 4.501 5.989
C-5 0.372 12.100 13.400 4.501 4.985
C-4 0.372 12.100 9.150 4.501 3.404
C-3 0.372 12.100 3.880 4.501 1.443
C-2 0.372 12.100 2.500 4.501 0.930
C-1 0.372 12.100 0.000 4.501 0.000
D-7 0.372 14.550 17.000 5.413 6.324
D-5 0.372 14.550 13.400 5.413 4.985
D-4 0.372 14.550 9.150 5.413 3.404
D-3 0.372 14.550 3.880 5.413 1.443
D-1 0.372 14.550 0.000 5.413 0.000
E-7 0.372 20.350 17.000 7.570 6.324
E-5 0.372 20.350 13.400 7.570 4.985
E-4 0.372 20.350 9.150 7.570 3.404
E-3 0.372 20.350 3.880 7.570 1.443
E-1 0.372 20.350 0.000 7.570 0.000
8.556 103.118 76.033

X 12.052
Y 8.887

118
Table 12: Location of centroid for resultant forces:
Point Combination Axial load (P) About origin P*X (kN) P*Y (kN)
KN X(m) Y(m)
A-6 1.5(DL+LL) 1886.410 0.000 16.100 0.000 30371.201
A-4 1.5(DL+LL) 3732.132 0.000 9.150 0.000 34149.008
A-2 1.5(DL+LL) 2090.664 0.000 2.500 0.000 5226.660
B-6 1.5(DL+LL) 1676.848 6.000 16.100 10061.088 26997.253
B-4 1.5(DL+LL) 2432.965 6.000 9.150 14597.790 22261.630
B-2 1.5(DL+LL) 3414.932 6.000 2.500 20489.592 8537.330
C-7 1.5(DL+LL) 1456.295 12.100 17.000 17621.170 24757.015
C-6 1.5(DL+LL) 1276.591 12.100 16.100 15446.751 20553.115
C-5 1.5(DL+LL) 1993.625 12.100 13.400 24122.863 26714.575
C-4 1.5(DL+LL) 1761.803 12.100 9.150 21317.816 16120.498
C-3 1.5(DL+LL) 1542.645 12.100 3.880 18666.005 5985.463
C-2 1.5(DL+LL) 800.602 12.100 2.500 9687.284 2001.505
C-1 1.5(DL+LL) 989.778 12.100 0.000 11976.314 0.000
D-7 1.5(DL+LL) 2245.874 14.550 17.000 32677.467 38179.858
D-5 1.5(DL+LL) 861.908 14.550 13.400 12540.761 11549.567
D-4 1.5(DL+LL) 2526.137 14.550 9.150 36755.293 23114.154
D-3 1.5(DL+LL) 2546.716 14.550 3.880 37054.718 9881.258
D-1 1.5(DL+LL) 1612.578 14.550 0.000 23463.010 0.000
E-7 1.5(DL+LL) 1038.452 20.350 17.000 21132.498 17653.684
E-5 1.5(DL+LL) 1557.847 20.350 13.400 31702.186 20875.150
E-4 1.5(DL+LL) 2085.375 20.350 9.150 42437.381 19081.181
E-3 1.5(DL+LL) 1845.493 20.350 3.880 37555.783 7160.513
E-1 1.5(DL+LL) 1012.837 20.350 0.000 20611.233 0.000
42388.507 459917.003 371170.616

Eccentricity:

X -1.202
Y -0.130

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Table 13: Center of area of Mat Foundation:

Point Area(A) m2 About origin A*X A*Y

X(m) Y(m)
C1 358.132 10.162 8.805 3639.337 3153.352
C2 33.547 -0.953 8.805 -31.970 295.382
V1 10.890 6.050 16.550 65.885 180.230
V2 1.440 -0.800 16.550 -1.152 23.832
V3 30.250 6.050 1.250 183.013 37.813
V4 4.000 -0.800 1.250 -3.200 5.000
345.099 3851.912 3695.608
Along X direction (X) = ∑(A*X)/ ∑A=11.16175789
Along Y direction (Y) = ∑(A*Y)/ ∑A=10.70883283

Table 14: Calculation of Moment of Inertia:

Rectangle b(m) d(m) Area(m^2) h1(m) h2(m) Ix Iy

C1 20.338 17.610 358.152 -1.904 -1.325 112365.480 148772.790
C2 1.905 17.610 33.547 -1.904 -12.440 10524.940 5313.270
V1 12.100 0.900 10.890 8.048 -5.437 714.170 1916.320
V2 1.600 0.900 1.440 8.048 -12.287 94.440 221.080
V3 12.100 2.500 30.250 -7.252 -5.437 1779.960 5323.120
V4 1.600 2.500 4.000 -7.252 -12.287 235.370 614.120
120066.490 146011.410

Ix=(bd^3/12) +Ah2^2 (m^4)

Iy=(db^3/12) +Ah1^2(m^4)
Total area of mat= 345.09905 m2
Mx=∑P*ey=42388.507
Mx=-5515.772725
My=∑P*ex
My=-50956.65583
P/A=122.829973

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Table 15: Calculation of Corner Stresses:

Column x(m) y(m) x"(m) y"(m) Stress (Ϭ) Remark

(KN/m^2)
A-6 0 16.1 -13.89 5.82 127.41 <SBC
A-4 0 9.15 -13.89 -1.13 127.73 <SBC
A-2 0 2.5 -13.89 -7.78 128.03 <SBC
B-6 6 16.1 -7.89 5.82 125.32 <SBC
B-4 6 9.15 -7.89 -1.13 125.63 <SBC
B-2 6 2.5 -7.89 -7.78 125.94 <SBC
C-7 12.1 17 -1.79 6.72 123.15 <SBC
C-6 12.1 16.1 -1.79 5.82 123.19 <SBC
C-5 12.1 13.4 -1.79 3.12 123.31 <SBC
C-4 12.1 9.15 -1.79 -1.13 123.51 <SBC
C-3 12.1 3.88 -1.79 -6.40 123.75 <SBC
C-2 12.1 2.5 -1.79 -7.78 123.81 <SBC
C-1 12.1 0 -1.79 -10.28 123.93 <SBC
D-7 14.55 17 0.66 6.72 122.29 <SBC
D-5 14.55 13.4 0.66 3.12 122.46 <SBC
D-4 14.55 9.15 0.66 -1.13 122.65 <SBC
D-3 14.55 3.88 0.66 -6.40 122.89 <SBC
D-1 14.55 0 0.66 -10.28 123.07 <SBC
E-7 20.35 17 6.46 6.72 120.27 <SBC
E-5 20.35 13.4 6.46 3.12 120.43 <SBC
E-4 20.35 9.15 6.46 -1.13 120.63 <SBC
E-3 20.35 3.88 6.46 -6.40 120.87 <SBC
E-1 20.35 0 6.46 -10.28 121.05 <SBC
MAX STRESS 128.03

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Table 16: Average Soil Pressure Along Strips:
-Along Vertical Strips:
Average
Vertical soil
Ʃpu(KN)
Strips pressure
(KN/m^2)
A-A 7709.206 127.72
B-B 7524.745 125.63
C-C 9821.339 123.52
D-D 7540.004 122.67
E-E 7540.004 120.65

-Along Horizontal Strips:

Horizontal Ʃpu(KN) Average

Strips soil
pressure
(KN/m^2)
1-1 3615.193 61.75
2-2 6306.198 125.93
3-3 5934.854 73.50
4-4 12538.412 88.59
5-5 4413.380 73.24
6-6 4839.849 125.30
7-7 47129.128 98.75

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TABLE 17: Check for Irregularity:
References S.N Calculation Results

IS 1893: 2002 1. Height Irregularity Dynamic analysis

is not needed
Cl. 7.8.1 (a) H = 20.550m <40m
(Building lies in zone V)

IS 1893: 2002 2. Plan Irregularity Irregular

Table 4 Projection length, A1=8.25 m in x- direction
Fig 3 b Projection length, A2 = 2.5m in Y- direction
Building dimension parallel to A,
L1= 20.35 m in X- direction
L2= 17m in Y- direction
A1/L1 =8.25/20.35 = 0.405> 0.15
A2/L2 = 2.5/17 =0.147 > 0.15

IS 1893: 2002 3. Vertical Irregularity Irregular

Table 5 Projection length at top, L1 = 18.02m
Fig 4 c Building dimension, L2 =36m
L2/L1 = 36/18.02= 1.998 >1.5

IS 1893: 2002 4. Mass Irregularity Regular

Fig 4b Seismic wt. at Floor level
Fifth Floor, W1 =3125.296 KN
sixth Floor, W2= 2350.77KN
2*W2>W1

IS 1893: 2002 5. Stiffness Irregularity Irregular

Fig 4a Stiffness along X and Y direction
For fourth Floor, Kx=3586858.567 N/mm
and Ky=3586858.567 N/mm
For fifth floor, Kx= 4340160.53 N/mm and
Ky=4340160.53 N/mm
Kx and Ky at G.F > 0.7 * (Kx and Ky at 1st
floor)

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Table 18: Determination of Seismic coefficient

Terms Notation Value Unit Description

Seismic Zone CL 6.4.2,table 2,
Z 0.36
factor Zone V
Importance factor I 1.5 CL 6.4.2,table 6
Response CL 6.4.2,table 7,
R 5
Reduction factor (RC SMRF)
Height of the
h 17 m
Building
Dimension of the
Dx 22.15 m
Building along X
Dimension of the
Dy 17.6 m
Building along Y
Time Period Of
the T 0.697 sec CL 7.6.2
Building

Soil type Soft Soil

Basic Seismic
Coefficient (Sa/g) 1.95 CL 6.4.2,fig 2,
factor
Design
Horizontal
Seismic Ah=(Z/2)*(I/R)*(Sa/g) 0.1034 CL 6.4.2
Coefficient

Design seismic
Vb=Ah*W 2894.6694 KN W=277994.8668
base shear

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Table 19: Lateral Load Calculation
Storey Shear
SN Wi Hi Wi*Hi2 Wi*Hi2/∑Wi*Hi2 Q
(KN)
G 4329.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 2655.035
1 3657.004 2.850 29704.012 0.012 32.029 2655.035
2 3731.459 5.700 121235.093 0.049 130.725 2623.005
3 3744.065 8.550 273700.489 0.111 295.125 2492.281
4 3744.065 11.400 486578.647 0.198 524.666 2197.156
5 3714.915 14.250 754359.865 0.306 813.408 1672.490
6 2756.809 17.000 796717.908 0.324 859.082 859.082
2462296.015

Table 20: Seismic Load Calculation

Weight(KN)
Total(DL)
Description Live load(KN) DL+LL
Slab Finish Column Beam Wall Staircase Basement & Shear Wall (KN)

G 1086.740 126.399 330.478 762.452 0.000 74.778 920.178 3301.026 1063.735 4329.001
W1 845.087 126.399 318.450 515.301 962.789 74.778 516.413 3359.217 619.414 3657.004
W2 845.087 126.399 318.450 515.301 1037.244 74.778 516.413 3433.672 619.414 3731.459
W3 845.087 126.399 318.450 515.301 1049.850 74.778 516.413 3446.278 619.414 3744.065
W4 845.087 126.399 318.450 515.301 1049.850 74.778 516.413 3446.278 619.414 3744.065
W5 845.087 126.399 312.275 515.301 1026.875 74.778 516.413 3417.128 619.414 3714.915
W6 845.087 126.399 245.789 515.301 632.438 37.389 253.972 2656.374 224.710 2756.809
25677.317

Vb 2655.03458 Sa/g=1.95 T=0.697

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Table 21: Calculation of eccentricity
P.Beam SEC.BEAM Column Slab Shear wall

Floor
Weight(KN) X(m) Y(m) WEIGHT(KN) X(M) Y(m) Weight(KN) X(m) Y(m) Weight(KN) X(m) Y(m) Weight X Y

G 651.491 15.118 8.776 110.961 14.017 8.379 342.909 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 526.412 12.393 8.567
1 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 318.450 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 526.412 12.393 8.567
2 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 318.450 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 526.412 12.393 8.567
3 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 318.450 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 526.412 12.393 8.567
4 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 318.450 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 526.412 12.393 8.567
5 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 306.567 12.052 8.887 795.007 10.092 8.477 507.942 12.393 8.567
6 438.884 11.167 8.856 76.413 10.113 8.325 184.567 13.185 9.312 795.007 10.092 8.477 0.000 0.000 0.000

Stiffness(Column) Stiffness(SW) Centre of mass Centre of rigidity

Floor
Kx(N/mm) X(m) Ky(N/mm) y(mm) Kx(N/mm) X(m) Ky(N/mm) Y(m) X(m) y(m) X(m) y(m) ex ey

G 247550109.270 12.052 247550109.270 8.887 43367101.760 11.758 105449569.503 10.026 12.397 8.630 12.008 9.227 0.389 -0.597
1 247550109.270 12.052 247550109.270 8.887 43367101.760 11.758 105449569.503 10.026 11.163 8.631 12.008 9.227 -0.845 -0.596
2 247550109.270 12.052 247550109.270 8.887 43367101.760 11.758 105449569.503 10.026 11.163 8.631 12.008 9.227 -0.845 -0.596
3 247550109.270 12.052 247550109.270 8.887 43367101.760 11.758 105449569.503 10.026 11.163 8.631 12.008 9.227 -0.845 -0.596
4 247550109.270 12.052 247550109.270 8.887 43367101.760 11.758 105449569.503 10.026 11.163 8.631 12.008 9.227 -0.845 -0.596
5 1421440.934 12.052 1421440.934 8.887 48272178.370 11.758 117376541.698 10.026 11.148 8.630 11.767 10.012 -0.619 -1.382
6 1421440.934 13.040 1421440.934 9.224 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 10.791 8.683 13.040 9.224 -2.249 -0.541

126
9. CONCLUSION

The Report was the yield made by the gathering individuals with the legitimate direction from our
Supervisor. The undertaking depended on the information we acquired about the plan of
construction during our Bachelor's courses.
Since Nepal is viewed as Earthquake-prone region, we focused more on Seismic load alongside
other fundamental loads. For the Earthquake investigation, the Response Spectrum technique was
utilized. ETABS 2017 was the program utilized for examination, plan, and itemizing of the
necessary element for the structure. The element calculation was carried by the 3-D frame analysis
feature ETABS 2017.
The project consists of the design and the related application of the studied course. The project
only considered a natural factor of soil and Seismic Zone and doesn’t include Social, Cultural,
Economic factors. The project also doesn’t include the application of electricity, sanitary, sewage,
and water supply. The project doesn’t include the detailed cost estimate of the project too.
Notwithstanding the exclusion of the couple of components in the task, we trust that our work and
coordination in the undertaking will end up being helpful in giving the information on the plan of
Earthquake resisting structures alongside the collaboration in the forthcoming activities or the job
we may hold in our future.

127
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

10.1 REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Jain, A.K. – Reinforced Concrete- Limit State Design

2. Sinha, S.N. – Reinforced Concrete Design
3. Pillai, S. Unnikrishna and Menon, Devdas – Reinforced Concrete Design
4. Dr. Shrestha and Er. Bhatta – Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering
5. Agarwal, Pankaj and Shrikhande Manish – Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

10.2 REFERENCE CODES:

1. IS 456:2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
2. IS 875:1987 Code of Practice for Design Load for Building and Structures
(Part I for Dead Loads; Part II for Imposed Loads)
3. IS 1893:2016 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structure (Part I)
4. IS 13920:1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected Seismic
Forces
5. SP 16 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456:1978
6. SP 34 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing

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