TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

A
PROPOSAL FOR
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
ON

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF

MULTISTOREY BUILDING
(As a partial fulfillment of BE in Civil Engineering)
(Course code: CE 755)

PROJECT MEMBERS:
Rupesh Sapkota (KCE074BCE064)
Shrawan Tandukar (KCE074BCE077)
Suman Sunar (KCE074BCE086)
Sushrut Gautam (KCE074BCE089)
Yubraj Pudasaini (KCE074BCE096)

May 2, 2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to thank Institute of Engineering for including the Final Year Project
as a part of our curriculum. Special thanks go to Department of Civil Engineering,
Khwopa College of Engineering for initiating and facilitating this Building Project
to further enhance our knowledge of structural analysis and design.

We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to Er. Ramesh Bala, HOD,
DCE for providing us the title of the project. We are thankful to Er. Anand Kumar
Mishra, for providing us the format for proposal and guiding us during the pre-
proposal time. We are thankful to all the teaching staff for the encouragement,
support and guidance. We are thankful to the DCE for providing us SAP2000
training, AutoCAD training which are crucial part for the project.

We would also like to thank all the group members for their constant effort for the
project and proposal. Acknowledgement would be incomplete without our family
members and friends who have been constant source of inspiration for the project.

PROJECT MEMBERS

Rupesh Sapkota KCE074BCE064

Shrawan Tandukar KCE074BCE077

Suman Sunar KCE074BCE086

Sushrut Gautam KCE074BCE089

Yubraj Pudasaini KCE074BCE096

i
 ABSTRACT

Students of Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering have to do a project work to

implement theoretical knowledge acquired during study in the practical field as per
the course of Institute of Engineering (IOE) during their final year.

We have chosen to undertake the project work on “Structural Analysis and Design
of Multistorey Building.” The main aim of the project is to structurally analyze and
design a multistoried building. The functional requirement and design criteria for the
building will be met as per the government guideline. The project will incorporate all
the stages of structural analysis and design through determination of loading
parameters, preliminary design of the structural members, structural analysis and
detailed design. In Nepal, the construction of multistoried building has been of major
concern due to active seismic activity. So proper selection of the building site is
required.

The project will commence within above mentioned criteria and the strength and
serviceability will be checked as per the IS codes. SAP2000 will be used for the
analysis and design of our building. Drawings will be made using AutoCAD.

Keywords: Multistorey, Design, Analysis, Seismic, Serviceability, Strength, Codes

ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................... i

Abstract ......................................................................................................................... ii

List of tables................................................................................................................. iv

Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of problem ..................................................................................... 2
1.3 Objective ........................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Scope of the project ........................................................................................ 2
1.5 Limitation of the project ................................................................................. 3
1.6 Project Building Description .......................................................................... 4

Chapter 2: Literature Review ........................................................................................ 5

Chapter 3: Methodology ............................................................................................. 12

Chapter 4: Time Schedule ........................................................................................... 14

Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 15

References ................................................................................................................... 16

Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 17

iii
 LIST OF TABLES

Number Page

Table 1.1: Project Building Description ..................................................................... 4

Table 4.1: Time Line of Work .................................................................................. 14

iv
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Background
We are interested in carrying out the project work on Structural Analysis and
design of Multistoried Building, which is one of the topics recommended by the
DCE for the partial fulfillment of BE in Civil Engineering program. The Final
Year Project (FYP) course prepares students for engineering practice. It is an
important piece of work that requires the synthesis of the knowledge and skills
acquired in earlier course work, some creativity, and original thinking.

Since Nepal is located in active seismic belt, it is prone to earthquakes. Thus,

proper analysis and safe design of structures therefore carries great importance
which is the main reason why we propose to perform a project on multistorey
building.

The design of the building will be based on the detailed plans of a proposed RCC
building provided by the project supervisor. The design shall include the design of
following components.

• Foundation

• Basement Wall

• Beams

• Columns

• Slabs

• Staircase

• Lift

• Lateral load resisting systems

1
1.2 Statement of problem

With the development of cities like Kathmandu in Nepal, there is high possibility
of land crisis in the future due to increasing population. This will create
difficulties for the population to thrive in the area. As an engineer, it will be
challenging for us to minimize it. This can be solved by the construction of high-
rise multistoried building for commercial and residential purposes. Also, Nepal
lies in active seismic zone, so proper analysis and design of building fulfilling all
criteria of Structural codes provided by the government is needed for economic
construction of building.

1.3 Objective

The objectives of the project are listed below.

i. Design a multi-storied building for residential purpose, taking different
load combinations into consideration.
ii. Learn the concept of lateral and vertical loading on the building.
iii. Learn the function of software for analysis as well as codes for vertical and
lateral loading.
iv. Identification of structural arrangement of the plan.
v. Modeling of the building for structural analysis.
vi. Design of various structural components.
vii. Structural detailing of members and the system.

1.4 Scope of the project

This project work provides us the information abut how to analyze and design the
multistoried building. It further deals with.

1.4.1 Work Scope

i. Study architectural drawing and fixing structural system of the building to
carry all the live load, dead load and lateral load.
ii. Calculation of loads including lateral loads.
iii. Preliminary design of structural elements.
iv. Identification of loads and load cases.

2
 v. Calculation of Shear force, bending moment to determine size of building
component.
vi. To be familiar with structural analysis software i.e., SAP2000 for different
load cases.
vii. Review of analysis output for design of different components.
viii. Design of beam, columns, slab and foundation by limit state method by
following different structural codes.
ix. Final detailing of individual members and preparations of drawing to be
applicable in fields.

1.4.2 Field Scope

i. In the present context of developing city like Kathmandu, there is land crisis
due to increasing population, so as an engineer it will be challenging for us
to minimize it. This can be solved up to some extent by constructing
Multistoried building for commercial and residential purpose.

1.5 Limitation of the project

Due to various constrictions prevailing in the course of the project work, the study
is limited in following notable aspects:
i. The work will include every possible architectural difficulty. However, it
may not be able to include all difficulties.
ii. Early feasibility of the project will be assumed to be done.

3
1.6 Project Building Description

Table 1.1: Project Building Description

Building Type Multistorey Apartment Building
Structural System RCC Framed Structure
Purpose of Building Apartment
Location Kathmandu
No. of Storey Basement + Ground Floor + 8 Storey
Seismic Zone V
Width of Wall i. Main Walls – 230 mm
ii. Partition Walls – 115 mm
Types of loads i. Dead Load
ii. Live Load
iii. Earthquake induced load
Analysis Tools SAP2000
Type of Staircase Turning Staircase
Grade of Concrete M20 and M25
Grade of Steel Fe 500
Design Criteria As per IS codes

The dimension of the building and structural components i.e., columns,

beams, slab will be taken after consulting with Supervisor as per the
architectural drawings. The final dimension will be taken after the
analysis result is safe for building.

4
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

Structural design is the methodological investigation of the stability, strength and

rigidity of structures. The basic objective in structural analysis and design is to
produce a structure capable of resisting all applied loads without failure during its
service life. Safe design of structures can be achieved by applying the proper
knowledge of structural mechanics and past experience. Use of codes also keeps
the designer to the safe side in case the structure fails within its service life. For
design of multistorey building certain reference and criteria are taken from the
literatures discussed below.

➢ L.G. Kalurkar: The design and analysis of multistoried G+5 building

using composite structure at earthquake zone-3:
A three-dimensional modeling and analysis are carried out with the help of
SAP2000 software. Equivalent Static Method of analysis and response
spectrum are used for the analysis of both composite and RCC structures. The
results are compared and found that composite structure is more economical.

➢ Ibrahim et.al. (April 2019): Design and Analysis of Residential (G+4):

After analyzing the G+4 story residential building structure, conducted that the
structure is rate in loading like dead load, live load, wind load and seismic
loads. Member dimensions (Beam, column, slab) are assigned by calculating
the load type and its quantity applied on it. Auto CAD gives detailed
information at the structure members length, height, depth, size and numbers,
etc. STADD Pro. has a capability to calculate the program contains number of
parameters which are designed as per IS 456: 2000. Beams were designed for
flexure, shear and tension and it gives the detail number, position and spacing
brief.

5
➢ Mr. K. Prabin Kumar, et.al (2018): A Study on Design of Multi-Storey
Residential Building:
They used STADD Pro. Which reduced lot of time in design, gives accuracy
for analysis and designing all structure member and calculate quantity of
reinforcement needed for concrete section. Various structure action is
considered as members such as axial, flexure, shear and tension. Pillar are
delineated for axial forces and biaxial ends at the ends. The building was
planned as per IS: 456- 2000.

Following codes were reviewed.

I. Nepal National Building Code (NBC:000- 1994):
Nepal National Building Code was prepared during 1993 as part of a
bigger project to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on the building of
Nepal. It deals primarily with matters relating to the strength of buildings.
However, there are some chapters on site considerations and safety during
construction and fire hazards. This code aims to bring uniformity to the
building construction by providing some bye-laws and mandatory rules.
To compensate for this unavailability, the code frequently refers to Indian
Standard codes.
The four different levels of sophistication of design and construction that
are being addressed in this National Building Code are as follows.
i. International state-of-art
ii. Professionally engineered structures
iii. Buildings of restricted size designed to simple rules-of-thumb
iv. Remote rural buildings where control is impractical.
This project belongs to the second part of NBC i.e., Professionally
Engineered Structures. As the National Building Code defines the use of
international codes which meets the requirements stated in NBC, different
Indian Standard codes are used for the design and analysis purpose.

II. Indian Standard (IS) Codes of Practice:

For the analysis and design of the building references have been made to
Indian Standard code since National Building Codes of Nepal do not
provide sufficient information and refers frequently to the Indian standard

6
 codes. Indian Standard codes used in the analysis and design of this
building are described below:

1. IS:875- 1987 (Reaffirmed 2003)- Code of Practice for Design Loads

(Other than Earthquake) for Buildings and Structures:
A building has to perform many functions satisfactorily. Amongst these
functions are the utility of the building for the intended use and occupancy,
structural safety, fire safety; and compliance with hygienic, sanitation,
ventilation and daylight standards. The design of the building is dependent
upon the minimum requirements prescribed for each of the above
functions. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety of
the building are being covered in this code by way of laying down
minimum designed load which have to be assumed for dead loads,
imposed load, snow load and other external loads, the structure is required
to bear. Strict conformity to loading standard recommended in this code
claims to ensure the safety of the buildings and thereby reduced the
hazards to life and property caused by unsafe structures as well as
eliminates the wastage caused by the assumption of unnecessary heavy
loading. This code is divided into five different parts for five different
kinds of loadings. The different parts of the code are:

Part 1: Dead Loads- Unit Weight of Building Materials and Stored

Materials: This part deals with the dead load to be assumed in the design
of the building. These loads are given in the form of unit weight of
materials. The unit weight of the materials that are likely to be stored in
the building are also given in the code for the purpose of the load
calculation due to stored materials. This code covers the unit weight or
mass of the materials and parts and components in the building that apply
to the determination of the dead load in the design of building. Table 1 of
this code covers unit weight of the building materials and Table 2 of the
code covers the unit weight of the building parts or the components.

Part 2: Imposed Loads- Imposed load is the load assumed to be produced

by the intended use or occupancy of a building including the weight of

7
 moveable partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, loads due to impact
and vibrations and dust loads (Excluding wind, seismic, snow, load due to
temperature change, creep, shrinkage, differential settlements etc.) This
part of the code deals with imposed load of the building produced by the
intended occupancy or use. Minimum imposed load that should be taken
into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of the buildings are
given in the code but it does not cover the incidental to construction and
special cases of vibration, such as moving machinery, heavy acceleration
from cranes hoist etc.

Part 3: Wind Loads- This part deals with the wind load to be considered
when designing the building, structure and component thereof. This code
gives the wind force and their effect (Static and Dynamic) that should be
taken into account when designing buildings, structures and components 6
thereof. In the code wind load estimation is done by taking into account
the random variation of the wind speed with time.

Part 4: Snow Loads- This part of the code deals with snow loads on roofs
of buildings. Roofs should be designed for the actual load due to snow or
the imposed load specified in Part 2 whichever is more sever. Since
location of the building is within Kathmandu Valley, there is no possibility
of snowfall. Hence the snow load is not considered in the design.

Part 5: Special Loads and Load Combinations- This code loads and
loads effects (Except the loads covered in Part 1 to 4 and seismic load) due
to temperature changes, internally generated stress due to creep shrinkage,
differential settlement etc. in the building and its components, soil and
hydrostatic pressures, accidental loads etc. This part also covers the
guidance for the load combinations.

2. IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of

Structures (General Provision and Building):
This code deals with the assessment of seismic loads on various structures
and earthquake resistant design of buildings. Its basic provisions are

8
 applicable to buildings; elevated structures; industrial and stack like
structures; bridges; concrete masonry and earth dams; embankment and
retaining structures and other structures. Temporary supporting structures
like scaffoldings etc. need not be considered for the seismic loads. It is
concerned with the methods of determining seismic loads and the effects
of various irregularities in a building can have upon its seismic response.
This standard does not deal with the construction features relating to
earthquake resistant design in building and other structures.

3. IS 13920: 1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) Ductile Detailing of Reinforced

Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Force- Code of Practice:
This standard covers the requirements for designing and detailing of
monolithic reinforced concrete buildings so as to give them adequate
toughness and ductility to resist sever earthquake shock without collapse.
The provision for the reinforced concrete construction given in the code
are specifically to the monolithic reinforced concrete construction. The
code includes the detailing rules for flexural members, column and frame
member subjected to bending and axial loads and shear walls.

4. IS 456: 2000 (Reaffirmed 2005) Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code

of Practice:
This Indian Standard code of practice deals with the general structural use
of plain and reinforced concrete based on Limit State Design Method.
According to the code, plain concrete structures referred to those structures
where reinforcement if provided is ignored for determination of the
strength of the structure. This code does not cover special requirements for
the structures like bridges, chimneys, hydraulic structures, earthquake
resistance buildings etc. but allows the use of separate code for those
structures in conjunction with this code.

5. IS 4326: 1993 (Reaffirmed 2003) Earthquake Resistant Design and

Construction of Buildings – Code of Practice:
This standard deals with the selection of materials, special features of
design and construction for earthquake resistant buildings including

9
 masonry construction using rectangular masonry units, timber construction
and buildings with prefabricated flooring or roofing elements.

6. IS 5525: 1969 (Reaffirmed 1990) Recommendations for Detailing of

Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete Works:
This standard deals with the general requirements of detailing of
reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures with some suitable
modifications whenever necessary. This code includes the common
method of detailing of reinforcement based on good practice with
deviations made in special cases to comply with IS 456.

7. IS 1642: 1989 (Reaffirmed 1994) Fire Safety of Buildings (General):

Details of Construction – Code of Practice:
This standard lays down the essential requirements of fire safety of
buildings with respect to details of construction.

8. IS 2950 (Part I): 1981 (Reaffirmed 1998) Code of practice for design
and construction of Raft Foundations:
Raft foundation is a substructure supporting an arrangement of columns or
walls in a row or rows and transmitting the loads to the soil by means of a
continuous slab with or without depressions or openings. Such types of
foundations are found useful where soil has low bearing capacity. This
standard covers the design of raft foundation based on conventional
method (for rigid foundation) and simplified methods (flexible foundation)
for residential and industrial buildings, store-houses, silos, storage tanks,
etc., which have mainly vertical and evenly distributed loads.

9. Indian Standard Special Publications (SP):

For the clarification and explanation for the clauses and equations
mentioned in Indian Standard Codes, Bureau of Indian Standard has
published some special 8 publications including charts and tables for
required values like material properties and explaining examples of
designs. Following design aids will be used for the design of the structure:

10
a. SP 16:
Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS 456-1978: This handbook
explains the use of formulae mentioned in IS 456 and provides several
design charts and interaction diagrams for flexure, deflection control
criteria, axial compression, compression with bending and tension with
bending for rectangular cross-sections (for circular section in case of
compression member) which can greatly expedite the design process if
done manually. This design aid is particularly useful for the
preliminary design.

b. SP 22:
Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering (IS
1893: 1975 and IS 4326: 1976): The theoretical background behind
many of the code provisions have been elaborated herein. Additionally,
many worked out examples explaining the use of equations and charts
in the code can also be found in this handbook.

c. SP 24:
Explanatory Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain
and Reinforced Concrete IS 456: 1978 SP 16 is meant to aid the
calculation process, while SP 24 is meant to aid the conceptual
understanding of the IS 456 code. It contains clause by clause
explanation of the original code. The logic and justification behind the
various equations and assumptions in the code are well explained here.

d. SP 34:
Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing: The compilation
of provisions and guidelines regarding reinforcement detailing
scattered throughout IS codes 456, 4326, 5525 and 13920 can be found
in this handbook.

11
 CHAPTER 3

Methodology of Work
Each building has its own purposes and importance. Buildings are constructed
based on geographical condition of the site, client requirement, safety, privacy,
available facilities etc. In Nepal, design of buildings is mainly based upon the
guidelines provided by the Nepal National Building Codes (NBC). In most cases
NBC refers to IS code and other foreign codes and permit the use of such codes.
Hence for this project, analysis and design of the given building is aimed to be
done using IS codes of Practice and design aids which follows the limit state
design method fulfilling the requirement of NBC.

The analysis and design of the building in this project will be carried out
following the below listed methods:

i. SAP2000 will be used for the analysis and design of the building. The
members have taken the SAP program conducted by Khwopa College of
Engineering in the time of lockdown. It is planned to learn SAP2000
thoroughly during this semester.
ii. The knowledge of structural mechanics and design theories required for
design and analysis were acquired up to some extent in previous
semesters. Design of RCC Structures is being studied in this semester.
iii. The provided architectural drawing of the apartment building will be
studied, analyzed and required modifications will be made as per guidance
of supervisor.
iv. Estimation and idealization of loads will be done based on the IS codes.
v. Preliminary design will be done after the estimation of probable loads to
determine the approximate shape and size of structural members. Thus,
provided size may be changed after complete structural analysis.
vi. SAP2000 will be used for the analysis of building which uses Finite
Element Method.
vii. All the calculations for the design will be based on IS:456-2000, IS4326-
2003, IS:5525-1999 and IS:13920-2016. Besides these codes design aids

12
 Indian Standard Special Publications (SP 16, SP 22, SP 24, and SP 34)
along with textbooks by AK Jain, SN Sinha etc. will be referred.
viii. The final outcomes of the analysis and design will be the structural
drawing including detail ductile detailing of the reinforcement bars based
on IS:13920-2016 and other related Indian Standard codes.
ix. After the complete analysis and design, required modifications for the
provided architectural drawing including size of structural members,
partition walls etc. will be carried and all the drawing will be printed in
appropriate format fir inclusion with the final report.

13
 CHAPTER 4

Time Schedule
The project has been allocated to the completed in the time being of 7th and 8th
semester of Civil Engineering. The first phase of the project which includes the
theoretical study of RCC design, documents related to seismic design and codes,
architectural corrections needed in the drawing and preliminary design of the
structure will be completed during the 7th semester.
The following tasks have been completed.
Table 4.1: Time Line of Work
Task Time Duration
Group Formation April 20, 2021
Project Selection April 25, 2021
Group Interaction April 20-25,2021
Project Briefing April 20-25, 2021
Project Title and Objective Confirmation April 25, 2021
Pre-proposal preparation April 25-30, 2021
Literature Review April 20 to May 2, 2021
SAP Study 2020-2021
Completion of Proposal May 2, 2021

The second phase of the project will have begun before the start of the 8th
semester. The second phase of the project will be comprised of the following
tasks:
i. Idealization of Structure
ii. Load Assessment
iii. Modeling and Analysis of Structure
iv. Design of Structure
v. Drawing and Detailing
If sufficient time is left at the end, estimation of cost for the construction of the
building will also be carried out.

14
 CONCLUSIONS

The purpose of proposed project is purely academic oriented, but we will put

every effort to make it applicable for real construction. The design of the

multistoried building will be done aiming safety and serviceability criteria. After

completion of the project, we believe we can individually design similar types of

structure and structural elements and would gain in-depth knowledge about the

design of RCC buildings. We as the students of Civil Engineering hope that this

project meets the expectations of our respected supervisor and rest of our teachers

to meet the requirement of Final year Project. We hope you will accept our

proposal for the project on Structural Analysis and Design of Multistorey

Building.

15
 REFERENCES

1. Agarwal, T. (2021, May 1). Final Project Report Format. Retrieved from
Elprocus website: https://www.elprocus.com/final-project-report-format-
for-electronics-engineering-students/

2. Bouchrika, I. (2021, May 1). How to write a Research Proposal. Retrieved

from Guide2Research website:
https://www.guide2research.com/research/how-to-write-a-research-
proposal

3. High Rise Building. (2021, May 1). Retrieved from Wikipedia:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-rise_building

4. V. Nagaraju, et. al. (2018). ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI -

STOREY BUILDING UNDER LOAD . International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3817-3824.

e. Jain, A. K. (1990). Reinforce Concrete: Limit State Design. Nem Chand

and Bros, 5th edition.

f. Acharya, A., Phuyal, A., Shrestha, A. L., Siwakoti, A., Bhattarai, A., &
Malla, A. (2017). Earthquake Resistant Analysis and Design of
Multistoreyed Residential Building. Lalitpur.

16
 ABBREVIATIONS

DCE: Department of Civil Engineering

IOE: Institute of Engineering

TU: Tribhuvan University

FYP: Final Year Project

CAD: Computer Aided Design

HOD: Head of Department

RCC: Reinforced Cement Concrete

IS: Indian Standard

SP: Special Publications

NBC: National Building Code

17