FOREWORD

This book is a collection of the best articles I wrote in the year 2020 on artificial
intelligence and was originally published on the Medium.com platform.
During this year, I have pursued a goal to share knowledge. I did a lot of research,
I studied a lot, and I had the opportunity to mature in the field, a series of
knowledge related to the topics that I write almost daily and inspired by some
people and some ideas, I thought it was appropriate to share as much as possible
through an affordable, simple and straightforward language, sometimes complex
topics related to technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning,
Analytics, and Autonomous Vehicles, among others.
It was a satisfying adventure, I must say. I received a lot of positive feedback, lots
of article views, lots of likes, retweets, and more on social networks and not less,
some indications as a top writer, invitations to collaborate in some prestigious
online publications. All this is truly motivating.
In this book, I collect all this, in the form of my best-published articles and now
revisited, with some more insights, with a language more suitable for reading in the
ebook format but always maintaining the main feature articles: simplicity.
Life is complicated enough. Every time someone tries to simplify concepts and
knowledge useful to humanity, I believe this is an essential contribution to
inclusiveness and equity.
 INTRODUCTION
I have selected for you 39 articles that I’ve written in 2020, which I
consider the best and most relevant for anyone who is starting to
understand artificial intelligence's basic concepts.
This is not a collection that exhausts all the learning needs for
anyone wishing to enter the AI world. Still, it is merely a collection of
some scattered notes that make up some pieces in the great mosaic
of technology.
Despite this, the articles presented here are beneficial to provide a
visual introduction to some of the most important concepts that many
of us face daily. They also give some pointers on how to go beyond
the first step in search of much more. Just as Dante suggested:
"You were not meant to live as ugly, but to seek virtue and
knowledge."
 PREFACE
This book is for anyone interested in Artificial Intelligence and
understands some of the building blocks that form this fascinating
technology.
The articles presented here explain simply and affordably some
basic concepts that will inspire anyone who wants to learn more.
This is a starting point. The road is very long.
Each article results from my knowledge in the professional field,
research and development, and experiments searching for technical
and methodological expertise.
 EPIGRAPH

"Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.

Do not be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other
people's thinking.
Do not let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner
voice.
And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and
intuition.
They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
Everything else is secondary."
Steve Jobs
 DEDICATION

To my wife, my main source of inspiration and serenity in life.

2 - People vector created by pch.vector - www.freepik.com
 MAYBE ONE DAY, A ROBOT WILL
STEAL YOUR JOB… BUT THERE IS
SOMETHING YOU CAN DO TODAY TO
AVOID THAT.

A
s for any industrial revolution in the past, millions of people will
lose their jobs in the next few years due to Automation. Up to a
third of the current work can be automated within the next ten
years. This is not a science fiction prediction. It's already happening.
Here and now.
Robots are doing today the work of lawyers in a fraction of the time.
Journalists are being replaced by software that writes financial
reports almost simultaneously when the data is released. Chatbots
can compose a winning stock portfolio for you in seconds. Even
writers have been replaced by these ever-smarter machines able to
learn how to produce the next best-sellers.
Technology enables creating an endless list of innovative products
and services that can eliminate entire professions, replace functions,
and change work processes.
Robots, self-driving cars , stock-controlling refrigerators, virtual
assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are only now possible because
artificial intelligence is evolving on a speedy scale.
It is increasingly evident that all professionals will need to adapt to a
scenario with new technologies, robots, and Artificial Intelligence in
several areas as their occupations suffer from this revolution. Some
people will be able to surf these waves through better education.
Others will dedicate their time and energy to activities that require
emotional and social skills, creativity, a high level of cognitive ability,
and difficult skills for robots to replicate.
Those who will suffer most of the massive Automation effects are the
professionals who occupy machine operators and food industry
employees. Nor are they immune to Automation, real estate brokers,
legal assistants, accountants, and professionals from administrative
sectors.
On the other hand, jobs that require human interaction, such as
doctors, lawyers, teachers, and bartenders, are less likely to be
replaced by robots. Skilled jobs, but not very high salaries, such as
gardeners, plumbers, and caregivers, are also less vulnerable. And
several new activities, new jobs, new professions, and new skills will
be created by the evolution of robots and Artificial Intelligence.
In the next few years, the world will experience a transition on the
scale of the one that occurred in the early 1900s. Industrial
development transformed much of the work, primarily agricultural,
and new jobs and opportunities created by technology enhancement.
But to survive to this A.I. is every day more clear that we need to
develop our interest in arts and sciences in our professional
education, benefiting our I.Q. and our ability for more complex social
relationships because this is something machines cannot do better
than humans … well … at least for a long time.
Statistical studies carried out by the European Journal of Personality
, with more than 340,000 people over 50, found every 15 points of
I.Q. Found, it is possible to reduce by 7% the risk of a professional
being replaced by a machine.
Applying this conclusion to the United States' entire population, we
can estimate that more than 10 million jobs can be saved amongst
people threatened by Automation. In the specific case of scientific
activities, the study found that, on a 5-point scale, a 1-point increase
in taste for science-related jobs would guarantee more than 3 million
jobs threatened by machines.

The leaders of the future

Not only the professions, the advent of Artificial Intelligence and
Automation also changes the concept of leadership.
The leaders of this automated future need to see the size of the
transformation. They must know that technology will be increasingly
required and used to empower people, ensuring that it is impossible
to take the first step by eliminating people and including them.
To embrace this new reality, we need a radical readaptation of the
entire education system to emphasize personality traits and promote
more significant social interaction in our schools, developing more
and more skills that machines can not emulate.
Humans will always overcome the machines when it comes to tasks
that require creativity and a degree of complexity that runs out of
routine, requiring flexibility, ambiguity, and improvisation.
In this future of intelligent machines, our socioeconomic origins will
not define our professional perspectives, which will be determined by
our intelligence levels, extraversion, maturity, and the degree of
interest in arts and sciences.

So, what do you can do to keep your work in

the future?
Suppose you are worried about how to face your professional future
during the fourth industrial revolution. In that case, I see two possible
paths for you:
The first is to be an entrepreneur. Do what you love, do what you
want, and do what makes sense to you in your life, turning it into a
business, preferably creating something that machines cannot do
better than humans.
The second alternative is to decide to take a turn in your career,
invest your time and energy in one of the new professional areas
created by A.I. It is not about throwing away the experience gained
over the years. Still, it is about changing your mindset, tacit
knowledge, networking, and eventually requalifying yourself as a
professional. It's never too early or never too late for a career
turnaround.
And whatever road you decide to take, Artificial Intelligence will be
there, so we all need to update and empower ourselves to handle
related technologies, but it is essential to have a clear purpose.
The times are changing. Suppose yesterday the focus was on
creativity, leadership, problem-solving skills, adaptation to context,
and, of course, Emotional Intelligence (it is fundamental always),
today, with the strength of Automation and Artificial Intelligence. In
that case, there is a reversal, and the skills are other in this scenario.
In the next future, collaboration, perspective, and purpose will the
most valuable skills to demonstrate how good a human being is to
transform reality better than any machine.
By Jair Ribeiro on January 2, 2020 .
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 AN EASY GUIDE TO THE HISTORY OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
A quick look at some of the most critical events
in A.I. since its beginning and some interesting
links.

S
uppose we start to coming back in history… until ancient
Greek. In that case, we can discover that intelligent machines
and artificial beings first appeared as myths of Antiquity.
Aristotle's development of the syllogism and its use of deductive
reasoning was a crucial moment in humankind's quest to understand
its intelligence.
But when it comes to A.I. and Machine Learning, we don't go so far
with the memory because the history of artificial intelligence as we
think of it today spans less than a century.
I want to share a quick look at some of the most critical events in A.I.
since its beginning and some interesting links.
1943
Warren McCullough and Walter Pitts published "A Logical Calculus
of Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity. " The paper proposed the first
mathematic model for building a neural network.
1949
In his book The Organization of Behavior: A Neuropsychological
Theory, Donald Hebb offers the theory that neural pathways are
created from experiences and that connections between neurons
become stronger the more frequently they're used. Hebbian learning
continues to be an essential model in A.I.
1950
Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence ,
proposing what is now known as the Turing Test, a method for
determining if a machine is intelligent.
Harvard undergraduates Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds build
SNARC, the first neural network computer.
Claude Shannon publishes the paper "Programming a Computer for
Playing Chess."
Isaac Asimov publishes the "Three Laws of Robotics. "
1952
Arthur Samuel develops a self-learning program to play checkers .
1954
The Georgetown-IBM machine translation experiment automatically
translates 60 carefully selected Russian sentences into English.
1956
The phrase artificial intelligence is coined at the "Dartmouth Summer
Research Project on Artificial Intelligence ." Led by John McCarthy,
the conference, which defined A.I.'s scope and goals, is widely
considered to be the birth of artificial intelligence as we know it
today.
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon demonstrate Logic Theorist (LT),
the first reasoning program.
1958
John McCarthy develops the A.I. programming language Lisp and
publishes the paper "Programs with Common Sense ." The paper
proposed the hypothetical Advice Taker, a complete A.I. system with
the ability to learn from experience as effectively as humans do.
1959
Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, and J.C. Shaw develop the General
Problem Solver (GPS), a program designed to imitate human
problem-solving.
Herbert Gelernter develops the Geometry Theorem Prover program.
Arthur Samuel coins the term machine learning while at IBM.
John McCarthy and Marvin Minsky found the MIT Artificial
Intelligence Project.
1963
John McCarthy starts the A.I. Lab at Stanford.
1966
The Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC)
report by the U.S. government details the lack of progress in
machine translation research, a major Cold War initiative with the
promise of automatic and instantaneous Russian translation. The
ALPAC report leads to the cancellation of all government-funded
M.T. projects.
1969
The first successful expert systems are developed in DENDRAL , a
XX program, and MYCIN, designed to diagnose blood infections, are
created at Stanford.
1972
The logic programming language PROLOG is created.
1973
The "Lighthill Report, " detailing the disappointments in A.I. research,
is released by the British government and leads to severe funding
cuts for artificial intelligence projects.
1974–1980
Frustration with the progress of A.I. development leads to major
DARPA cutbacks in academic grants. Combined with the earlier
ALPAC report and the previous year's "Lighthill Report," artificial
intelligence funding dries up and research stalls. This period is
known as the "First AI Winter. "
1980
Digital Equipment Corporations develop R1 (also known as XCON ),
the first successful commercial expert system. Designed to configure
orders for new computer systems, R1 kicks off an investment boom
in expert systems that will last for much of the decade, effectively
ending the first "AI Winter."
1982
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry launches the
ambitious Fifth Generation Computer Systems project. The goal of
FGCS is to develop supercomputer-like performance and a platform
for A.I. development.
1983
In response to Japan's FGCS, the U.S. government launches the
Strategic Computing Initiative to provide DARPA funded research in
advanced computing and artificial intelligence.
1985
Companies are spending more than a billion dollars a year on expert
systems, and an entire industry known as the Lisp machine market
springs up to support them. Companies like Symbolics and Lisp
Machines Inc. build specialized computers to run on the A.I.
programming language Lisp .
1987–1993
As computing technology improved, cheaper alternatives emerged,
and the Lisp machine market collapsed in 1987, ushering in the
"Second AI Winter. " During this period, expert systems proved too
expensive to maintain and update, eventually falling out of favor.
Japan terminates the FGCS project in 1992, citing failure in meeting
the ambitious goals outlined a decade earlier.
DARPA ends the Strategic Computing Initiative in 1993 after
spending nearly $1 billion and falling far beyond expectations.
1991
U.S. forces deploy DART, an automated logistics planning and
scheduling tool, during the Gulf War.
1997
IBM's Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov
2005
STANLEY, a self-driving car , wins the DARPA Grand Challenge.
The U.S. military begins investing in autonomous robots like Boston
Dynamic's "Big Dog" and iRobot's "PackBot."
2008
Google makes breakthroughs in speech recognition and introduces
the feature in its iPhone app .
2011
IBM's Watson trounces the competition on Jeopardy !
2012
Andrew Ng, the founder of the Google Brain Deep Learning project,
feeds a neural network using deep learning algorithms 10 million
YouTube videos as a training set. The neural network learned to
recognize a cat without being told what a cat is, ushering in a
breakthrough era for neural networks and deep learning funding.
2014
Google makes the first self-driving car to pass a state driving test.
2016
Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeats world champion Go player Lee
Sedol . The complexity of the ancient Chinese game was seen as a
significant hurdle to clear in A.I.
2017
In October 2017, Sophia , a social humanoid robot developed by
Hong-Kong based company Hanson Robotics, became the first robot
to receive citizenship of any country and named the United Nations
Development Programme's first-ever Innovation Champion and is
the first non-human to be given any United Nations title.
2018
Jair Ribeiro leaves IBM to become a Senior A.I. Business Analyst at
the A.I. & ML Center of Excellence in Volvo Group  — maybe one day
it will be written in history books. :-)
2019  — Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey Hinton, and Yann LeCun, the
godfather of modern A.I., won the Turin Award for their work
developing the A.I. subfield deep learning.
2020
What breakthrough in 2020 do you think will enter this list?
By Jair Ribeiro on January 16, 2020 .
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 STOP EVERYTHING YOU ARE DOING
AND WATCH THESE FIVE TED TALKS
ON A.I. ETHICS NOW.
Some of the most impactful "food for thoughts"
TED Talks about A.I. Ethics can make you start
thinking about it today.

A
.I. has a significant impact on our daily lives. It should require
us a better understanding of the positive and negative effects of
this technology.
The ethical challenges that artificial intelligence poses in our lives
today are becoming well known. It's time to understand better how
this technology's ethical aspects can be systematized in a realistic
and enforceable way.
Today A.I. impacts our jobs, safety, shopping, justice, and several
other activities. In many cases, all of this is happening without a
shared and well defined ethical and legal structure to ensure that the
technology below it is transparent, accountable, and responsible.
We are now in 2020, and I firmly believe that this should start the
change. We should begin to pay attention and consider it an
emergency at the same climate change level today.
I've been dedicating a consistent part of my studies, my public
speaking in conferences, and my networking to promoting
awareness and call-to-action regarding the necessity to bring up A.I.
Ethics on every possible occasion when technology frameworks
have been discussed.
And from today, you will find on my Medium more and more articles
about A.I. Ethics in a practical and impactful way.
To start, I would like to share some of my favorite "food for thoughts"
TED Talks about A.I. Ethics that can make you start thinking about it.
I've selected five thought leaders who share what they consider
necessary to govern A.I. and ensure a comprehensive ethical
framework, in addition to human intelligence.

How to Keep Human Bias Out of AI

AI algorithms make important decisions about you all the time — like
how much you should pay for car insurance or whether or not you
get that job interview.
But what happens when these machines are built with human bias
coded into their systems? Technologist Kriti Sharma explores how
the lack of diversity in tech is creeping into our A.I., offering three
ways we can start making more ethical algorithms.
Kriti Sharma is the Founder of A.I. for Good, an organization focused
on building scalable technology solutions for social good. In 2018,
she also launched rAInbow, a digital companion for women facing
domestic violence in South Africa. This service reached nearly
200,000 conversations within the first 100 days, breaking down
gender-based violence stigma. In 2019, she collaborated with India's
Population Foundation to launch Dr. Sneha, an AI-powered digital
character to engage young people in sexual health. This issue is still
considered taboo in India.
Sharma was recently named in the Forbes "30 Under 30" list for
advancements in A.I. She was appointed a United Nations Young
Leader in 2018 and is an advisor to both the United Nations
Technology Innovation Labs and the U.K. Government's Centre for
Data Ethics and Innovation.

Can We Protect A.I. from Our Biases?

As humans, we're inherently biased. Sometimes it's explicit. Other
times it's unconscious, but as we move forward with technology, how
do we keep our biases out of the algorithms we create?
Documentary filmmaker Robin Hauser argues that we need to have
a conversation about how A.I. should be governed and ask who is
responsible for overseeing these supercomputers' ethical standards.
"We need to figure this out now," she says. "Because once skewed
data gets into deep learning machines, it's challenging to take it out."
Robin is the director and producer of cause‐based documentary
films at Finish Line Features, Inc. and Unleashed Productions, Inc.
As a businesswoman, long-time professional photographer, and
social entrepreneur, Robin brings her leadership skills, creative eye,
and passion for her documentary film projects. Her artistic vision and
experience in the business world afford her a unique perspective on
what it takes to motivate an audience. Her most recent award‐
winning film, CODE: Debugging the Gender Gap, premiered at
Tribeca Film Festival 2015 and has caught the eye of the
international tech industry and policymakers and educators in
Washington, DC, and abroad. Robin is currently directing and
producing bias, a documentary about unconscious bias and how it
affects our lives socially and in the workplace.

The Era of Blind Faith in Big Data Must End

Algorithms decide who gets a loan, gets a job interview, gets
insurance, and much more — but they don't automatically make
things fair. Mathematician and data scientist Cathy O'Neil coined a
term for algorithms that are secret, important, and harmful: "weapons
of math destruction." Learn more about the hidden agendas behind
the formulas.
In 2008, as a hedge-fund quant, mathematician Cathy O'Neil saw
firsthand how bad math could lead to financial disaster. Disillusioned,
O'Neil became a data scientist and eventually joined Occupy Wall
Street's Alternative Banking Group.
With her popular blog mathbabe.org , O'Neil emerged as an
investigative journalist. Her acclaimed book Weapons of Math
Destruction details how opaque, black-box algorithms rely on biased
historical data to do everything from sentence defendants to hire
workers. In 2017, O'Neil founded consulting firm ORCAA to audit
algorithms for racial, gender, and economic inequality.
Machine Intelligence Makes Human Morals More
Important
Machine intelligence is here, and we're already using it to make
subjective decisions. But the complex way A.I. grows and improves
makes it hard to understand and even harder to control. In this
cautionary talk, techno-sociologist Zeynep Tufekci explains how
intelligent machines can fail in ways that don't fit human error
patterns — and in ways, we won't expect or be prepared for. "We
cannot outsource our responsibilities to machines," she says. "We
must hold on ever tighter to human values and human ethics."
We've entered an era of digital connectivity and machine
intelligence. Complex algorithms are increasingly used to make
consequential decisions about us. Many of these decisions are
subjective and have no right answer: who should be hired, fired, or
promoted, what news should be shown to whom your friends do you
see updates from, should be paroled. With the increasing use of
machine learning in these systems, we often don't even understand
how they make these decisions. Zeynep Tufekci studies what this
historic transition means for culture, markets, politics, and personal
life.
Tufekci is a contributing opinion writer at the New York Times , an
associate professor at the School of Information and Library Science
at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and a faculty
associate at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center for Internet and
Society.
Her book, Twitter and Tear Gas: The Power and Fragility of
Networked Protest , was published in 2017 by Yale University Press.
From Penguin Random House, her next book will be about
algorithms that watch, judge, and nudge us.

How to Get Empowered Not Overpowered

Many artificial intelligence researchers expect A.I. to outsmart
humans at all tasks and jobs within decades, enabling a future where
we're restricted only by the laws of physics, not the limits of our
intelligence. MIT physicist and A.I. researcher Max Tegmark
separate the real opportunities and threats from the myths,
describing the concrete steps we should take today to ensure that
A.I. ends up being the best — rather than a worst — thing to ever
happen to humanity.
Max Tegmark is an MIT professor who loves thinking about life's big
questions. He's written two popular books, Our Mathematical
Universe: My Quest for the Ultimate Nature of Reality and the
recently published Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial
Intelligence , as well as more than 200 nerdy technical papers on
topics from cosmology to A.I.
He writes: "In my spare time, I'm president of the Future of Life
Institute , which aims to ensure that we develop not only technology
but also the wisdom required to use it beneficially."

It's time for action

I know that we actually have some pretty complicated questions to
answer regarding A.I.'s ethical framework. Often, there are no simple
answers.
After all, by definition, ethical dilemmas do not have clearly defined
answers, just like everything related to morality; that's why we must
discuss them to agree on a consensus with the right urgency and
awareness.
A.I. is transforming our society, and it can't just be the privilege of a
few to decide how that will happen or frame what that world looks
like.
Transparency is fundamental when there is bias, even though it is
unintended. The technology leaders' responsibility is to open up the
black box of A.I. and ensure there is as much transparency as
possible.
And we have our part of doing. Let's start from here?
By Jair Ribeiro on January 13, 2020 .
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5 - Abstract vector created by pch.vector - www.freepik.com
 THIRTY-EIGHT FREE COURSES TO
HELP YOU MASTER THE MOST IN-
DEMAND JOB SKILLS IN 2020.
What skills does the workforce value most in
2020, and how can you learn them today?
For free!

E
very year, LinkedIn analyzes data from its network of over 660+
million professionals and 20+ million jobs to reveal the 15 most
in-demand soft and hard skills of this year and release free
courses to help you learn them on LinkedIn Learning.
This time, Blockchain has topped the list of skills companies are
looking for in employees around the world this year.
Blockchain was born in 2009 to support the use of cryptocurrency.
But Blockchain's novel way to store, validate, authorize, and move
data across the internet has evolved to store and send any digital
asset securely. The small supply of professionals who have this skill
is in high demand.
Blockchain was the top priority for employers hiring in the U.S., U.K.,
France, Germany, and Australia. Yet, both the first-time Blockchain
made it onto LinkedIn's rankings of in-demand skills and came first.
Industries outside the financial services sector were increasingly
seeking talent with Blockchain experience, including retail, shipping,
healthcare, farming, and gaming.
LinkedIn measured demand by looking at its users' profiles to
determine the frequency that people with different skillsets were
getting hired.
Cloud computing came in second place, which allows data to be
stored and managed on the internet.
Artificial intelligence (A.I.), the technology developing machine-
learning, was the fourth most in-demand area of "hard" skills.
Artificial intelligence (A.I.) augments the capabilities of the human
workforce. The people who can harness the power of A.I., machine
learning, and natural language processing are the ones who will help
organizations deliver more relevant, personalized, and innovative
products and services.
Rounding out the top five was UX design, focusing on users'
experience of products, particularly technology.
When it comes to UX, it seems like consumers' average attention
span decreases every year. They have little patience for products
that aren't intuitive.
Organizations need more expertise to help them build more human-
centric products and experiences.
Here you have the top 10 most in-demand hard skills globally and
some very interesting training courses you can have on LinkedIn
Learning to help you to develop these skills:
1. Blockchain
2. Cloud computing
3. Analytical reasoning
4. Artificial intelligence
5. UX design
6. Business analysis
7. Affiliate marketing
8. Sales
9. Scientific computing
10. Video production

#1 Blockchain  — New
Blockchain was born in 2009 to support the use of cryptocurrency.
But Blockchain's novel way to store, validate, authorize, and move
data across the internet has evolved to store and send any digital
asset securely. The small supply of professionals who have this skill
is in high demand.
Learn Blockchain in this course — free through January 31:
Blockchain Basics with Jonathan Reichental

More recommended courses:

Blockchain Beyond the Basics with Jonathan Reichental
Blockchain: Learning Solidity with Emmanual Henri

#2 Cloud Computing  — Down 1

Today, companies are built and run on the cloud. They need the
talent to help them drive technical architecture, design, and delivery
of cloud systems like Microsoft Azure.
Learn cloud computing in this course — free through January
31:
Learn Cloud Computing: Core Concepts with David
Linthicum

More recommended courses:

Azure Administration Essential Training with David Elfassy
Cloud-Native Development with Chris Bailey

#3 Analytical Reasoning  — Same as 2019

Data has become the foundation of every single business.
Organizations want talent to make sense of it and uncover insights
that drive the company's best decisions.
Learn analytical reasoning in this course — free through
January 31:
Strategic Thinking with Dorie Clark

More recommended courses:

Learning Data Analytics with Robin Hunt
Power B.I. Top Skills with John David Ariansen and
Madecraft
#4 Artificial Intelligence  — Down 2
Artificial intelligence (A.I.) augments the capabilities of the human
workforce. The people who can harness the power of A.I., machine
learning, and natural language processing are the ones who will help
organizations deliver more relevant, personalized, and innovative
products and services.
Learn Artificial Intelligence in this course — free through
January 31:
Artificial Intelligence Foundations: Machine Learning with
Doug Rose

More recommended courses:

Big Data in the Age of A.I. with Barton Poulson
Introducing A.I. to Your Organization with Jonathan
Fernandes

#5 UX Design  — Same as 2019

It seems like consumers' average attention span decreases every
year, and they have little patience for products that aren't intuitive.
Organizations need more expertise to help them build more human-
centric products and experiences.
Learn UX design this course — free through January 31:
Getting Started in User Experience with Chris Nodder

More recommended courses:

Learning Adobe X.D. with Tom Green
Interaction Design: Software and Web Design Patterns with
Diane Cronenwett

#6 Business Analysis  — Up 10

The business analysis made the most significant jump of any skill on
our list. It's one of the few hard skills every professional should have,
as most roles require some business analysis to make decisions.
Learn business analysis in this course — free through January
31:
 Business Analysis Foundations with Greta Blash

More recommended courses:

Data Analytics for Business Professionals with John
Johnson
Data-Driven Presentations with Excel and PowerPoint with
Gigi von Courtner

#7 Affiliate Marketing  — New

With the decline of traditional advertising and social media, affiliate
marketing is rapidly rising as a must-have hard skill. Affiliate
marketing leverages company partnerships or influencers that are
hyper-targeted to a particular audience.
Learn affiliate marketing in this course — free through January
31:
Influencer Marketing Foundations with Chelsea Krost

More recommended courses:

Marketing Tools: Digital Marketing with Anson Alexander
Improve SEO for your Ecommerce Site with Sam Dey

#8 Sales  — Same as 2019

You'd be hard-pressed to find a company that doesn't need great
salespeople — those who can effectively manage a sales team,
understand the sales funnel, work with cross-functional partners, and
sell into the highest levels of the business.
Learn sales in this course — free through January 31:
Social Selling Foundations with Derek Pando

More recommended Courses:

Cross-Functional Sales Teams with Jeff Bloomfield
Sales Enablement with Meridith Powell

#9 Scientific Computing  — Up 3

Scientific computing skills are held by data science professionals,
engineers, and software architects, and others. Companies need
more professionals who can develop machine learning models and
apply statistical and analytical approaches to large data sets using
Python, MATLAB, and others.
Learn scientific computing in this course — free through
January 31:
Parallel and Concurrent Programming with Python 1 with
Barron Stone and Olivia Chiu Stone

More recommended courses:

Learning MATLAB with Steven Moser
Introduction to Quantum Computing with Jonathan
Reichental

#10 Video Production  — Down 3

Consumers have an insatiable appetite for video content, making
sense that video production continues to be a priority for companies.
Cisco estimates that video will account for 82% of global internet
traffic in 2022 .
Learn video production in this course — free through January
31:
Social Media Video Strategy: Weekly Bites with Ashley
Kennedy

More recommended courses:

Connecting with Your Audience Using Video with Jaime
Cohen
Social Media Video for Business and Marketing with Ashley
Kennedy

Not only Hard skills…

LinkedIn also ranked "soft" skills — the essential interpersonal skills
that make or break our ability to get things done in our current jobs
and take on new opportunities ahead.
Topping this year's list are creativity, collaboration, persuasion, and
emotional intelligence — all skills that demonstrate how we work with
others and bring new ideas to the table.
Four of the five most in-demand soft skills remain in their top spots
year over year, further reinforcing that these skills are evergreen — 
they're likely to stay the top skills that companies want in star
employees.
The list looked very similar to the 2019 rankings , with creativity
holding onto the top spot. The one variation in the most in-demand
soft skills list indicates that companies are gravitating toward talent
with interpersonal and people-oriented skills.
'Time management,' a more task-oriented skill, fell off the top soft
skills list . 'Emotional intelligence,' the ability to perceive, evaluate,
and respond to both your own emotions and those of others, took its
place. This emphasized the "importance of how we react to and
interact with colleagues.
While task-oriented skills remain critical to our success at work, the
data shows that employers value our ability to work well with
colleagues.
Here you have the Top 5 most in-demand soft skills globally and
some exciting training courses you can follow in January for free to
develop the most demanded skills for 2020:
1. Creativity
2. Persuasion
3. Collaboration
4. Adaptability
5. Emotional intelligence

For the entire month of January, LinkedIn Learning unlocked courses

that will help you hone these highly sought after skills — for free.
#1 Creativity  — Same as 2019
Organizations need people who can creatively approach problems
and tasks across all business roles, from software engineering to
H.R. Focus on honing your ability to bring new ideas to the table in
2020.
Learn creativity in this course — free through January 31:
Banish Your Inner Critic to Unleash Creativity with Denise
Jacobs

More recommended courses:

Creativity For All (Weekly Series)
Creative Exercises to Spark Original Thinking with Amy
Wynne

#2 Persuasion  — Same as 2019

Leaders and hiring managers value individuals who can explain the
"why." To advance your career, brush up on your ability to effectively
communicate ideas and persuade your colleagues and stakeholders
that it's in their best interest to follow your lead.
Learn persuasion in this course — free through January 31:
Persuading Others with Dorie Clark

More recommended courses:

Leading Without Formal Authority with Elizabeth (McLeod)
Lotardo and Lisa Earle McLeod
Persuasive Coaching with Brian Ahearn

#3 Collaboration  — Same as 2019

High-functioning teams can accomplish more than any individual — 
and organizations know it. Learn how your strengths can
complement those of your colleagues to reach a common goal.
Learn collaboration in this course — free through January 31:
Being an Effective Team Member with Daisy Lovelace

More recommended courses:

Shane Snow on Dream Teams
Teamwork Foundations with Chris Croft

#4 Adaptability  — Same as 2019

The only constant in life — and business — is change. To stand out in
2020, embrace that reality and make sure to show up with a positive
attitude and open-minded professionalism, especially in stressful
situations.
Learn adaptability in this course — free through January 31:
Managing Stress for Positive Change with Heidi Hanna

More recommended courses:

Developing Adaptability as a Manager with Dorie Clark
Finding Your Time Management Style with Dave Crenshaw

#5 Emotional Intelligence  — New

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, evaluate, and
respond to your own emotions and the emotions of others. New to
the most in-demand skills list this year, the need for emotional
intelligence underscores the importance of effectively responding to
and interacting with our colleagues.
Learn emotional intelligence in this course — free through
January 31:
Developing Your Emotional Intelligence with Gemma Leigh
Roberts

More recommended courses:

Social Success at Work with Todd Dewett
Influencing Others with John Ullman

Now that you made your deepdive into the 2020 list, you can start
learning the skills companies need most. I hope that with insight into
what companies need today, you feel ready to cultivate the essential
soft skills and hard skills and empower to own your career.
By Jair Ribeiro on January 20, 2020 .
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 CAN "FAKE FACES" LEAD TO THE
ILLUSION OF DIVERSITY?
GANs — or Generative Adversarial Networks
have been used to create agency photos with
non-existent faces that promote diversity,
generating business opportunities. However,
this use of A.I. can also have numerous ethical
implications.

A
rtificial intelligence is presenting considerable advancements in
the generation of compelling and fascinating images of
unquestionably realistic features that are almost impossible to
be classified as belonging to people who do not exist anywhere in
the world. If we compare the faces produced no more than five years
ago and those published recently, the improvements are incredible.
With the new GANs — Generative Adversarial Networks, algorithmic
architectures that use two neural networks, competing one against
the other (thus the term "adversarial") to generate new, synthetic
instances of data, these synthetic faces are easily customizable and
editable, making them so credible thanks to particular effects.
Applying a mix of features from real images such as the shades of
the skin and the hair color, for example, to the fake ones is possible
to generate a virtual population that does not exist in the real world.

A business opportunity
Why use images of non-existent people, created by an algorithm,
instead of photos of real people, can be so exciting?
One of the reasons is first and foremost economic: once the
algorithm training is completed, carried out using large datasets of
real photographs, A.I. can stir out immense quantities of images
of fake people in every possible situation and with expressions of
any kind, inevitably lowering the prices for "real models" and real
photographic production.
Now we should start to ask ourselves if we've come this far in the
last five years, where will we be five years from now? How many
more domains will A.I. rule that today are considered exclusive of
humans?
This can be very useful to those who need to increase promotional
material quickly, prepare numerous drafts, or illustrate concepts that
could be time and money consuming for a human model.
Imagine one agency that needs a glamorous girl with blond hair and
green eyes? Among the tens of thousands of images — viewable on
the GeneratedPhotos website — there is likely one that is right for
you.
However, a second reason for these services' birth is much less
intuitive. It has everything to do with the historical lack of diversity
of advertising images and the like. The prevalence of white men and
women is overwhelming. This is a problem that also can be at the
origin of some forms of algorithmic bias).
In general, in the databases of photo agencies, there is an evident
prevalence of white men. Simultaneously, minorities are frequently
under-represented, putting those looking for images characterized by
a precise diversity in some difficulty in finding them. And it is here
that, once again, technologies like the GANs, which can quickly
produce thousands of fake photographs with a very high percentage
of diversity, can be applied.
Diversity is a very delicate topic, and I wonder if artificial intelligence
is ready to solve it. We risk building a false illusion of diversity,
considering that artificial intelligence can inherit conscious or
unconscious bias presented to it during the algorithm's training,
resulting in increasing the homogeneity instead of increasing the
diversity in the real world.
From the ethical point of view, this technology's use for this specific
purpose should raise several discussions about the truthfulness of
what we see online today and in the future.
This ethical consideration is valid for "fake images" in the same way
it is valid for the "deepfakes" or "fake news" since they use the same
technology called GAN, a generative adversarial network.
Artificial images and videos created by GANs are called deepfakes.
They've been widely discussed in the news, primarily when used
maliciously.
As we saw in other areas where A.I. made quite impressive
advances during the last years, we risk with the "fake images" to
finding ourselves in a world in which distinguishing reality from fiction
becomes increasingly tricky.
Maybe we are very close to discover that artificial intelligence is also
managing to automate a job that until yesterday seemed to be
reserved only for humans: the model.

Inverting the roles: Not only A.I. faces but also A.I.
beauty contests
If this is not worrying enough, and if it seems unconnected somehow,
some years, the far-away 2016, we had the first international beauty
contest judged by "machines." The software is supposed to use
objective factors such as facial symmetry and wrinkles in identifying
the most attractive contestants.
The contest, named Beauty A.I. , had the participation of thousands
of people from several countries who submitted their photographs in
the expectation that artificial intelligence, supported by complex
algorithms, would determine that their faces better resembled the
classic "human beauty."
But once the results came out, the creators were surprised to see
that there was a glaring factor linking the winners: the robots did not
like people with dark skin.
Out of 44 winners, nearly all were white, a handful was Asian, and
only one had dark skin. That's even though, although the majority of
contestants were white, many people of color submitted photos,
including large groups from India and Africa.
The ensuing controversy has sparked renewed debates about how
algorithms can perpetuate biases, yielding unintended and often
offensive results.
There may be thousands of reasons for this kind of algorithm to
behave like that, preferring light skin. Still, it's a technical fact that
these algorithms often rely on large datasets of photos to be trained.
The data used to establish standards of attractiveness did not
include enough diversity. It's simple: If you do not have enough
diversity within the dataset, you might have biased results.
Often the simplest explanation for biased algorithms is that the
humans who create them have their own deeply entrenched biases.
Despite perceptions that algorithms are somehow neutral and
uniquely objective, they can often reproduce and amplify existing
prejudices.
I consider GANs one of the most powerful new machine learning
technologies available today. Still, we must be aware of the ethical
implications since techniques like these are already being used, for
example, by people impersonating journalists on Twitter with AI-
generated profile pictures and online tools for generating fake
profiles. But can GANs be used for good?

Is it possible to use GANs for good today?

There are many opportunities to apply GANs to create useful,
powerful, and ethical tools. For instance, researchers have created a
project where they have programmed GANs to perform encryption
and decryption forms and apply these operations selectively to meet
confidentiality goals with their cryptography systems .
But not only, but GANs can also be used in several other interesting
ways as you can see:

Fighting bias with GANs

Surprisingly, the same technology used to create fake images can be
used to detect bias in algorithms. Adversarial neural networks can be
used to ensure that an A.I. system is cleared from racial bias.
Imagine one A.I. fed with data regarding people's inherent criminal
activities and figuring out what jail sentence they should be given. A
second A.I. (Adversarial) could be used to identify potential bias
related to race or gender. For example, from the predicted sentence,
feedback this data to make the system more balanced and fair.

Solving privacy issues with Synthetic data.

Generative models may be used to synthesize private training data
in a way that is indistinguishable from real data. The algorithm can
learn how to create synthetic information that maintains real input
format and statistical features. However, unlike real records, the
generated data does not represent privacy issues since they do not
belong to any specif person.
The resulting records allow the training of accurate machine learning
models while protecting people's privacy.
Also, GANs can be used to generate 3D objects . They can be used
on music generation and be used on tumor detection . Several other
applications are under development at this moment.

Conclusion
This kind of technology is still in its infancy. As for any child
development issues, the experts pushing the edges of this "baby"
have enormous power and responsibility.
As a technology enthusiast and an and ethical A.I. practitioner A.I., I
try to keep my eyes open to the latest advances in generative
adversarial networks and the opportunities this technology can bring
if developed for good.
We must be conscious that we are developing tools and techniques
that have the potential to transform our worlds, and it's our
responsibility to keep users safe and informed.
By Jair Ribeiro on January 27, 2020 .
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7 - People vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 CAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
PREDICT THE NEXT PANDEMIC?
While the coronavirus outbreak is growing and
thousands of people are getting infected,
companies have been using A.I. to predict the
next epidemics.

A
ccording to WHS's latest figures, the coronavirus outbreak
began to take over newspapers in the last week. Today
(30/01/2020), the total number of deaths from the virus had
risen to 170 in China.
More than 7,700 people have been sickened worldwide, according to
Chinese officials and the World Health Organization.
Other than China, at least 14 countries have had confirmed cases,
including Japan, Singapore, the United States, France, Germany,
Australia, South Korea, and Saudi Arabia.

But could this epidemic outrage be predicted?

Last December, an artificial intelligence system issued a warning
about a possible spread of the coronavirus more than a week before
the official statement from the World Health Organization (WHO) by
a company called BlueDot founded in 2014 that has already raised
more than $ 9.4 million in investments.
The algorithm of BlueDot , sent an email to health and airline
organizations on December 31, warning them to avoid the area of
Wuhan, China, which was later confirmed as the epicenter of the
epidemic.
The technology works by mapping news from hundreds of
international sources in 65 languages and tracking health research
networks, airline data, official announcements from companies
related to agribusiness, livestock, and others, and even discussion
forums on different topics.
With this huge amount of information, BlueDot consolidates alerts
related to possible areas of risk and new diseases, such as the
coronavirus, about which the company's customers were informed
ten days before the official statement of WHO and seven before the
Center for Prevention and United States Disease Control,
considered the first to make the epidemic official.
More than just sending warnings about the coronavirus, the system
could also predict the path that the infection would follow. Based on
data from airlines and flights out of Wuhan, the technology indicated
cities like Seoul, Taipei, Tokyo, and Bangkok as outbreaks of the
disease before cases were confirmed in all of them. Once again, the
alerts aimed to prevent customers from traveling to such regions and
sanitary measures to reduce contact with the pathogen.
This kind of warning can be made even earlier if systems like the
algorithm developed by BlueDot also consider social networks,
which does not happen due to high data pollution, which hinders a
reliable analysis. Even so, this usage of A.I. is currently the fastest in
detecting this type of epidemic, serving not only to safeguard
people's health but also to help contain and treat those infected.

A.I. as a disruptive wave in healthcare

A.I. and Machine Learning systems are undoubtedly the future of
healthcare, disrupting the industry for good.
According to Frost & Sullivan , AI systems are projected to be a 6
billion dollar industry by 2021. A recent McKinsey study predicted
healthcare as one of the top 5 industries with more than 50 use
cases that would involve A.I. and over USD 1bn already raised in
startup investments.
A.I. in healthcare will fundamentally impact patients, doctors,
administration, and operations.
While A.I. tools and bots have been implemented at every level of a
patient's medical journey, it is the overall impact it makes that truly
disrupts the industry.
A.I. is seamlessly bringing together all records of a patient, along
with insights, use that data for diagnoses, in turn for treatment, and
eventually for maintenance of health.

Conclusion
As the world changes rapidly, these diseases are emerging and
spreading at a fast pace. However, with A.I. tools and various
software in place, the increased access to data can be put to good
use.
The substantial increase in data can be used to generate critical
insights and, in turn, act on them, thereby spreading news earlier
and faster than the disease can spread itself.
The idea of A.I. battling deadly disease offers a case where we might
feel slightly less uneasy, if not altogether hopeful. Perhaps this
technology — if developed and used correctly — could help save
some lives.
By Jair Ribeiro on January 30, 2020 .
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 THREE INTELLIGENT APPS THAT
MAKE YOU MORE PRODUCTIVE
TODAY
Here you have a starter kit of Productivity apps
that will help you to get more work done in
less time.

A
s one of my previous mentors in IBM used to say, "one thing is
to get your job done, but even more important is that you get it
done with quality and on time," For me, that used to means:
productivity.
I know that there are thousands of apps and tools out there that
promise to help you become more productive. Probably there are
millions of articles about productivity apps across the google-sphere.
Still, I want to share this one here because "by experience," I firmly
believe that it will help you get your work done faster and effectively.
Over the last years, I've been developing a very intensive daily
routine, trying to balance my personal life as a father-of-three-
daughters and a relatively active and multitasking enterprise
professional.
And one thing that helps keep my productivity level up is leveraging
the right technology to support me in every task.
With this mindset, I've started to use dozens of applications, mostly
mobile apps, that help me to get things done faster and with quality,
allowing me to have more time in my day for the things I need and
love to do.
Also, I have followed different productivity philosophies, always
thinking that I should not do more than I have to.
After all, what I've concluded is that one of the best ways to increase
my efficiency at work and in my personal life is to cut out things that
don't need to be done in the first place.
Therefore, in general, my advice is not to choose apps and tools only
because they look fancy but choose those that can help you cut out
everything unnecessary, allowing you to focus on solely what you
need the most.
To start, I've selected three of the most useful productivity tools in my
colossal list to give you a quick address on how to enhance your
capacity to get things done quickly and efficiently:

Calendar
Let's start from the basics: if you are looking to save more time, be
more productive. If you are trying to achieve better focus, you
probably need to start with a smart calendar application.
I know that there are zillions of calendars available on our
smartphones today. Most of us are happy with Outlook or Google
calendar. Still, this app here is one of the smartest tools available in
the market.
The Calendar is an AI-powered productivity app that is continuously
learning from your data, helping you save time and energy as you
plan out your day, week, month, and even year. And being AI-
powered, the more you use it, the more value it brings to you as it
will learn from you every time.
It is also collaborative since you can allow anyone to choose a time
and book a meeting with you directly inside the app, releasing you to
worry about overbookings, as Calendar will smartly protect you from
any panels overlapping.

Habit — Daily Tracker
Ok. Now you have a great and smart calendar app, you can start
creating and maintaining good productivity habits to help you
achieve your long-term goals.
So, the next step is to find a daily habit tracking app. But why is it
essential?
Well, perfection comes from good habits, and with this app, you can
create a habit for anything you want to track. The concept behind it is
ridiculous simple: If you've done it, check it off.
Smartly tracking your habits can make a difference in your life, and
you will start to see the improvements very fast.
First up, you need to decide the habits you need to track, like to read
more or start playing chess twice a week; perhaps you're trying to
learn a new language.
Once you identify the habit you want to track, you don't even need to
open the app to use the widget to manage your habits.
All you have to do is hit the plus sign to add a habit: Give it a name,
assign a motivational mantra to keep you on track, and then set the
regularity. If you accomplish, you need to swipe to the left, see what
you have and haven't done, and check off what you have like that.
The interface is clean and graphic, and there are no distracting bells
and whistles.

Things
I know that there are thousands of to-do apps on the market, but
Things is beautiful, fast, and easy to use.
The app has been completely rebuilt from the ground up — with a
timeless new design, delightful interactions, and powerful new
features.
Using Things goes like this: First, you capture tasks in the inbox.
Then, you sort your assignments into the appropriate Area of
Responsibility (home, work, school) or Project (rebuild the deck,
thesis paper).
When it's due, you mark if there is a due date and when you intend
to get it done (A specific date/Anytime/Someday).
This makes use of the very powerful Today view. Today, you can see
all the tasks you have marked as necessary for today. There should
only be three or four, and ideally, by the end of every day, all the
functions in your Today view are marked complete.
Some things take several steps to complete but don't require a full-
blown project. For those cases, we now have Checklists, which help
you break down the finer details of a to-do and outline precisely
what's required to get it done.
If you want more to do, you can check the Anytime view. If you want
to see what's coming up next, you can check Upcoming. If you're
going to see some long-term aspirational tasks, you can check
Someday.
If you want to know what you've already gotten done, you can check
Logbook. And, of course, you can always check each Area of
Responsibility or Project.
Once you've made your plan in the morning, the Today list is your
go-to place for all daily activities. Calendar events now display
together with your to-dos, giving an outline of your schedule.
Of course, Search, and navigation in Things is now extremely fast,
with Quick Find. All you need to do is swipe down in any list and start
typing — the name of a project, to-do, or tag — and instantly, you're
taken there.

Bonus app: Grammarly

If you like me, write a lot, it can be emails, blog posts, social media
posts, or any writing, for sure you can benefit from one of the most
exciting productivity apps that I've been using, called Grammarly .
I make massive use of Grammarly every day. It automatically detects
grammar, spelling, punctuation, word choice, and style mistakes in
my writing. It offers brilliant suggestions to help correct my errors.
Grammarly 's browser extension makes it an ever-present entity in
every text element I may use, helping me write emails, blog posts,
comments, and more.
The app has also added integration with M.S. Word and Google
Docs.
Conclusion
So, that's it! These are three(plus bonus) top productivity apps for
you to start your journey.
If you want to become more productive in 2020 (who doesn't?),
these apps, for sure, will help you, just like they helped me get more
done in less time.
By Jair Ribeiro on February 2, 2020 .
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 THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION HAS ITS
ETHICAL GUIDE ON ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE. WHY DOES IT
MATTER?
The European Union hopes that the creation of
robust ethical guides will give European
technology companies an advantage.

L
et's face it… the European Union is not at the forefront of
exporting Artificial Intelligence systems, as is the United States
and China,
But the continent has been at the forefront of several debates and
challenges about ethics with technology and, mainly, with the
development of artificial intelligence.
At the beginning of April, precisely on April 8, 2019, the European
Commission started the pilot phase of implementing the Ethical
Guide for Artificial Intelligence .
The Guide's testing procedures are open to industries, research
institutes, and public authorities. It will last until this year, 2020 when
a conclusion about the tests will be published.

Building a trustworthy A.I.

The Ethical Guide's development aims to help the Member States
create autonomous "trustworthy" systems not to reproduce
discrimination and guarantee human autonomy.
When developing systems, the Ethical Guide application will be a
differential for the European Union, creating advantages when
exporting these products.
Also, the Guide's creators believe that making the Ethical Guide a
differential in technological development may encourage other
countries and powers of technology and join and develop their
Ethical Guides, which would be positive for the contemporary world.

The seven principles

The Guide provides seven principles for the development of an
Ethical Artificial Intelligence:
1. Human factor and human control : it means that artificial
intelligence systems must be vectors for an egalitarian
society, existing at the service of social and fundamental
rights, without, however, restricting human autonomy.
2. Robustness and security : an artificial intelligence system
considered trustworthy requires that its algorithms are
sufficiently safe, reliable, and robust to manage errors and
inconsistencies in all phases of a system's life cycle.
3. Respect for privacy and data governance : citizens must
know and be fully aware of their data. This data is not used
against themselves in a way that generates harm or
discrimination.
4. Transparency : the possibility of tracing and retracing the
artificial intelligence systems must be ensured.
5. Diversity, non-discrimination, and equity : artificial
intelligence systems must consider a whole range of
human capacities, skills, and needs; accessibility to this
diversity and plurality must be guaranteed when the system
is operable.
6. Social and environmental well-being : A.I. systems
should sustain and support positive social developments
and reinforce durability and ecological responsibility.
7. Accountability : it is appropriate to apply mechanisms to
guarantee human responsibility concerning A.I. systems
 and their results and subject them to an accountability
obligation.

Why do we need an open debate about A.I.?

An open debate about ethical guides has a fundamental value of
helping us think of ways to make business, startups, systems, and
technologies developed in Europe to follow ethical principles by
design.
The European Union hopes that creating robust ethical guides will
give European technology companies an advantage in exporting
artificial intelligence systems worldwide.
As Andrus Ansip, Vice-President of the Commission and responsible
for the Digital Single Market, said: "The ethical dimension of artificial
intelligence is not a luxury tool or an extra. It is only with confidence
that our society can fully benefit from technology".
A.I. can bring meaningful benefits to our societies, from helping to
diagnose and cure cancer to reduce energy consumption. Still,
people must be put in the condition to trust in A.I., know that privacy
is respected and that decisions taken by A.I. are not biased.
And what about you? Have you thought about developing an ethical
guide for your business?
By Jair Ribeiro on February 3, 2020 .
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 WE SHOULD LEARN HOW TO
COLLABORATE WITH ROBOTS
BEFORE IT IS TOO LATE.
A brief analysis of how Automation impacts our
work and how we will thrive in this new era of
human+machines.
Much has been said about how automation processes can render a
large number of jobs obsolete.

A
fter all, the opportunities for technologies involving robotics and
artificial intelligence have grown exponentially. Workers
worldwide have been anxious about how this new era of
Automation can affect their careers.
The concerns of shrinking jobs during the rise of robotic Automation
and A.I. it's a real thing, and it can be contrasted with three main
approaches:
The first is related to continuous learning. The second is associated
with accessing and analyzing information in the right way. The third
is linked to the importance of uniquely human skills.
Let's face it: to be prepared for future jobs, we should be less
concerned with choosing a secure job position and devoting
ourselves more to the continuous learning of new skills.

Automation and the future of work

Numerous studies try to predict the risk of job losses due to
Automation.
For example, Oxford University published a survey in which 47% of
jobs in the United States are at risk of being automated. Mckinsey
estimates that up to 800 million workers worldwide can be displaced
from their jobs because of Automation by 2030.
Some professions, as we know them today, will change dramatically,
while others will disappear completely.
As machines take on repetitive tasks and the human work becomes
less routine, many jobs will evolve into a new model of work, so-
called "superjobs" — jobs that combine parts of different traditional
roles into integrated functions, adding significantly human skills to
automation technologies such as robotics, cognitive technologies,
and A.I.

Entering the era of integration between Humans

and Machines
We are coming in the age of a conceptual approach centered on
people, which values significantly human skills (such as creativity,
empathy, etc.) and emphasizes the need to better understand the
highly technological world around us.
To be prepared for future jobs, we must dedicate ourselves to a
continuous learning culture based on three main dimensions:
Technical, Human, and Data capacity.

Technical capacity: we must understand how

machines work and continuous learning about them.
We must ensure that we are trained adequately in the use of new
systems and technologies. After all, learning how the technology
works and improving our technical capacity is one of the factors that
will make us prosper in the future.
To do this, we can use different formats of learning and knowledge
sharing systems that massively relies on Group training, Online
Education, Webinars, and Lectures by consultants, for example.
In this new era, when we talk about the future of work, we should not
feel obliged to adopt any new technology that appears, but be aware
of the news in your industry and understand how we can work
proactively.
The most important thing is to adopt a culture of innovation and
learning present in our daily lives.

Data capacity: we must learn how to analyze and

interpret information generated by machines.
Considering this rapid technological advancement scenario and
digital transformations, it is essential to avoid becoming hostage to
information volume.
Data analysis must be productive, generate useful insights and
innovative ideas to improve our company's product and service and
internal processes.
We will be called to foster a proactive culture of data management
and knowledge sharing in our company. This is nothing more than
understanding how the information and statistics developed through
new technologies can work for our organization, improve decision-
making processes, or provide our team with valuable information that
was previously difficult to access.

Human capacity: developing the fundamental human

capabilities that machines cannot imitate, or
soft skills.
There will be skills that only human beings have in the era of
collaboration between humans and machines. Robots will not be
capable of imitating the so-called "life-skills."
These skills can be abilities or character traits that are more difficult
to learn "in the classroom," but that improves with time and
experience.
Among these skills, we have created our capacity to use imagination
and original ideas to create something and find new ways to use
existing resources.
Also, we have empathy; that is the capacity we demonstrate when
we put ourselves in the other's shoes to understand and relate to
other people's feelings and emotions.
And, undoubtedly will be very significant to differentiate us from the
machines, the ability to find solutions by taking information from a
known context and applying it in another context with which it does
not necessarily have a connection, something that at least today,
machines have a real hard time to do.
These capabilities are very similar to soft skills, that is, the intangible
skills of human beings, such as the ability to communicate, empathy
or the ability to adapt to changes, for example, as opposed to the
hard skills, which designate technical skills, such as knowing how to
operate software or a machine.
In the future, employers will consider soft skills as relevant or more
relevant than hard skills when hiring since they combine
sophisticated knowledge and abilities that are more difficult to be
taught.

How to cooperate and collaborate with machines

at work
To include technical, data, and human capacity in our work today
and in the future, we must undergo a change in culture and
practices, rethinking several internal processes in our workplace.
We will need to rethink how we gather data and generate reports of
easy access to all, discovering new ways for both humans and
robots to thrive collectively.
Ultimately, we aspire that technology can facilitate our day to day
activities. Still, neither humans nor machines alone can efficiently
support us on the complex task of work in the swiftly evolving world.
We have an excellent opportunity to pursue a healthy balance
between humans and machines. We will need adequate frameworks
to make it happen in a human-centered workplace and our efforts to
build a better society.
By Jair Ribeiro on February 5, 2020 .
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 THREE FACTS TO CONSIDER IF YOU
THINK THAT A.I. WILL TAKE YOUR JOB.
Artificial Intelligence is undeniably changing
everything in the job market. but in the end, will
it create more opportunities or fewer…

F
ollowing examples like HAL, Terminator, Matrix, I Robot, and
others, science fiction has risen an endless conflict between
humans and machines.
With Artificial Intelligence or A.I.'s progress, many questions are
being raised regarding humans and machines' connection.
In particular, one question is recurrent in several conversations I am
blessed to attend: which will come in the next several years, after all,
will the A.I. eliminate or create tasks?

A.I. and the future of jobs

Concerns regarding jobs are among the most discussed topics when
emerging technologies are set on the agenda.
After the media started to constantly display the unrivaled capacities
of software and applications powered by Artificial Intelligence, it
comes to the heads of tens of thousands of individuals: would robots
displace us?
The effects of the improvements that A.I. can
deliver are understandably surprising: who'd have believed that
machines could one day be in a position to diagnose diseases so
accurately, detect suspicious behavior in public surroundings,
suggest a solution or content which you're more inclined to eat or
even translate legal texts?
It's probably this effect that makes it difficult for humans to see the
other side of this coin.

Job Created by Artificial Intelligence

Let's take Google as an example. Twenty and something years ago,
it was taking its first steps, and now it's one of the most valuable
companies in the world, having a market worth countless billions of
dollars.
Along with the consequences of Google's rapid growth, we've seen
the creation of countless job openings across the world, jobs that
didn't even exist previously.
Marketing and I.T. Professionals started to confront themselves with
a new horizon. They had to be trained to adapt to the situation. The
result of the google revolution? Even better and more valuable
services for millions, maybe billions of people!
Small and medium-sized businesses started to reach more people
through internet searches and attract additional clients. Thanks to all
those technological innovations, we're ready to do everything on the
mobile phone.
In case you did not get it, Google, along with other giants such as
Facebook, Netflix, and Amazon, massively utilizes Artificial
Intelligence and several other similar technologies to deliver their
content to you with only a couple of clicks even before you you know
what you want.
The critical point here is that the world changes, and we are invited
to learn and adapt in the face of new needs to remain and grow
inside the work marketplace.

What's the future between Humanity and the

Machines?
When people ask me if I believe A.I. will take our jobs,
often I used to quote Michaelia Cash, Minister of Labor
in Australia, who said: "The future won't be about
people competing with machines, it will be about people
 using machines and doing work that is more interesting
and fulfilling."
I consider this quote a fascinating overview of what's very likely to
take place soon.
The workplaces as we know them are changing, and I believe we
must acknowledge these changes and be flexible.
The trend is that routine and repetitive jobs will decrease even more.
But let's be honest: it has been occurring since the initial industrial
Automation. In contrast, new jobs have been created, and new types
of work appear.
According to Gartner's estimation, by the end of 2018, roughly two
million jobs would be generated in the Artificial Intelligence field by
2023.
Nobody knows for sure what's to come. Still, according to several
other historic technological improvements we had before and what
we are living today, A.I. and the humanity they can work together to
offer product, services, and quality of life we have never seen before.
I'm optimistic. What about you?
By Jair Ribeiro on February 12, 2020 .
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 A MINI-GUIDE TO THE E.U.' 'S NEW
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DATA
REGULATION PLAN
European Commission President Ursula von
der Leyen wants Europe to have the capability"
to create its own choices, based on its values…

T
he European Union has fresh thoughts about how it could try to
keep up with America and China on A.I.— and it may shape
global thinking on how technology is regulated in the procedure.
The European Commission (E.C.)released a bundle of suggestions
for Europe's digital future on February, 19th 2020 , including a new
data plan along with a white paper on A.I.
The proposals would lead to data collected and shared to level the
playing field between European companies and competitors from the
U.S. and China. The E.C. wants to prevent potential abuses while
also building confidence among citizens to reap the technology's
benefits.
There will be regulations of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence
applications and the unified European data market, among other
topics.
As placed out from an op-ed by E.C. President Ursula von der
Leyen, the lait motif is working to provide Europe with the capability
to make its own decisions, based on its values, respecting its rules
on A.I.
The E.C. did disclose plans to spend almost $21 billion on A.I. and
data research programs and the platforms that may eventually allow
for the pooling of data envisaged by the Commission. It may sound
like an impressive amount of money but isn't going to put the E.U. on
a level of investment in the U.S. or China.
"Given the major impact that A.I. can have on our
society and the need to build trust, it is vital that
European A.I. is grounded in our values and
fundamental rights such as human dignity and privacy
protection. Furthermore, the impact of A.I. systems
should be considered not only from an individual
perspective but also from the perspective of society as a
whole." European Commission President Ursula von der
Leyen
But Europe's regulations could, in the process, have a worldwide
impact.
Von der Leyen promised to initiate A.I. legislation within 100 days of
taking office. The A.I. white paper published today is a set of
proposed approaches that could change considerably before
becoming law.
It was presented as a roadmap for several rules that need to be
adopted in the next years.
However, precisely what do these proposals for what Europe should
do mean? Let's have a look.

Artificial Intelligence is the future.

Although A.I. has been labeled critical to economic survival, Europe
is perceived as slipping behind the U.S., where development is being
led by tech giants, and China, where the central government is
leading the push.
With its latest digital strategy, the E.C. wants to encourage more
cooperation between the public and private sectors. The plans call
for finally creating a single digital market across the continent, a goal
the E.C. has been pursuing for years with only limited results.
The E.U. sees enormous potentialities in A.I.: to enhance people's
lives through improving effectiveness in areas like healthcare,
agriculture, and engineering, and it is a catalyst for economic growth.
However, it knows that American and Chinese tech giants are ahead
of the race, and they have to figure out ways to drive investment to
grab.
The white paper proposes a way: concentrating on industrial,
business, and public sector data that will end up being stored and
processed on devices at the edge of the network, rather than in the
cloud.
This approach opens up new opportunities for Europe, including a
dominant position in the digitized industry and business-to-business
software, but a relatively weak spot in consumer platforms that the
Artificial Intelligence white newspaper notes.

No facial recognition ban, for now.

A draft of the A.I. paper that leaked in January recommended a
provisional ban on facial recognition technologies in public places to
provide governments time to define how to use it ethically and safely.
While uses like unlocking a smartphone are seen as relatively safe,
the Commission warns that using facial recognition to identify people
remotely may pose human rights risks. Such facial recognition use is
currently allowed in Europe under very limited exceptions when
deemed a serious public interest.
This topic didn't wind up in the published documents this week;
instead, the white paper states that the Commission may establish a
broad European discussion on the particular conditions, if any, which
may require the implementation of facial recognition technologies for
identifying people in public areas.
It seems that the E.C. is likely to take regulation within this region
seriously, rather than attempting to roll out strategies to satisfy
deadlines.

Data is the new oil for Europe.

Finally, Europe started to think about its data strategy seriously,
recognizing that only a small number of big tech firms hold a vast
amount of the world’s data right now, and that is an issue since it can
reduce the incentives for European data-driven companies to
develop, evolve and innovate at the continent.
So the E.C. lays plans to promote local investment and foster the
evolution of local players, including incentivizing data sharing
between European companies with an emphasis on the industrial
and business data that doesn’t run afoul of the E.C.’s strong privacy
protections.
Leading these programs creates the European data space, a
genuine single market for data that is open to information from
anywhere but regulated by European rules and values, including
severe personal and consumer data protections.
Promoting the sharing of this data within a structured marketplace
may also encourage transparency, which may help Europe more
efficiently govern information.

Europe also wants to assess the potential risks of

Artificial Intelligence.
The most prominent regulatory principle in the proposal is
introducing a compulsory measurement platform for A.I. software
E.C. considers high risk, particularly those with notable human rights
implications, such as government use of facial recognition or
predictive policing algorithms.
The Commission is inspired here by compliance assessment
mechanisms currently for many items being placed on the E.C.’s
internal market like cars and chemicals.
The proposal lays out two essential standards for what it considers
a” high risk” use of A.I. First, is it being set up in an industry where
there could be significant risks, like health, energy, or transportation?
Secondly, can it be a system that may affect security?
Also, the document suggests a light touch for safe data uses to avoid
inhibiting innovation.
However, none of that can be defined. It can have a global impact on
how A.I. will be developed and how data will be governed in Europe
and large tech companies who have pushed their future vision to get
ahead of A. I regulation that may signify a crucial moment.
The A.I. white paper is open for comment until May 19. The
Commission can also accept feedback on the data plan.

Conclusion
A.I. is moving at such a pace that we need to regulate it. However,
one of the major issues is that when creating A.I., there is
considerable input by humans, and humans are naturally prone to
having all sorts of bias.
A.I. And machine learning data are only as good as the data you
feed it, so the regulation of this needs to start at the earliest stages.
However, regulation will be complicated to follow through with,
especially as much of this won’t be relevant to the rest of the world.”
The E.C. can hardly be counted as one of the data industry’s big
winners. Its tech firms more often than not playing second fiddle to
rivals from the U.S. and China. Still, the E.C., with this initiative,
wants to change that.
This is an early stage of a long story, but Europe seems to be
prepared to dive into A.I., which could mean the rest of the world
soon follows, for the good of humanity, I hope!
By Jair Ribeiro on February 20, 2020 .
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 FIVE AMAZING BOOKS ABOUT AI THAT
YOU SHOULD BE READING
A list with 5 of my favorite AI books will surely
inspire you with handy information about
several aspects of AI while providing…

I
love to read! I’m always reading… and most of all, I love to read
about Artificial Intelligence.
I want to share here some of my favorite AI books that surely will
inspire you. These are great books for anyone who wants to get
serious about AI algorithms and how we humans can relate to this
topic today and in the future.

The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause

and Effect
The Chancellor’s computer science professor and statistics at UCLA
and Turing Award winner Judea Pearl and Dana Mackenzie , a Ph.D.
mathematician turned science writer, has written for various popular
science magazines over the last 20 years, including New Scientist,
Scientific American, and Discover.
This book tells the story of science that has changed how we
distinguish facts from fiction and has remained under the general
public's radar.
“Correlation is not causation.” This mantra, chanted by scientists for
more than a century, has led to a virtual prohibition on causal talk.
What might sound like a reasonable assertion metastasized in the
twentieth century into one of science’s biggest obstacles, as a legion
of researchers became unwilling to claim that one thing could cause
another? This all changed with Judea Pearl, whose work on
causality was not just a victory for common sense but a revolution in
studying the world.
The causal revolution, instigated in this book by Judea Pearl and his
colleagues, has cut through a century of confusion and established
causality — the study of cause and effect — on a firm scientific basis.
Pearl’s work enables us to know not just whether one thing causes
another: it lets us explore the world and the worlds that could have
been.
It shows us the essence of human thought and the key to artificial
intelligence, and if you want to understand it more in-depth, you
need to read The Book of Why .

How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human

Thought Revealed
Ray Kurzweil , an inventor, and futurist who has published books on
health, artificial intelligence, transhumanism, and technological
singularity, is arguably today’s most influential and often
controversial futurist.
In How to Create a Mind , Kurzweil presents a provocative
exploration of the most critical project in human-machine civilization 
— reverse-engineering the brain to understand precisely how it
works and using that knowledge to create even more intelligent
machines.
Kurzweil discusses how the brain functions, how the mind emerges
from the brain, and the implications of vastly increasing our
intelligence powers in addressing the world’s problems. He
thoughtfully examines emotional and moral intelligence and the
origins of consciousness. The author envisions the radical
possibilities of our merging with the intelligent technology we are
creating.
Sure to be one of the most widely discussed and debated science
books of the year, How to Create a Mind is sure to take its place
alongside Kurzweil’s previous classics, which include Fantastic
Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever and The Age of Spiritual
Machines

Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial

Intelligence
How will Artificial Intelligence affect crime, war, justice, jobs, society,
and our very sense of being human? The rise of AI has the potential
to transform our future more than any other technology — and there’s
nobody better qualified or situated to explore that future than Max
Tegmark , a Swedish-American physicist, and cosmologist. He is a
professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the
Foundational Questions Institute's scientific director.
This book empowers you to join what may be the most important
conversation of our time. It doesn’t shy away from the full range of
viewpoints or the most controversial issues — from superintelligence
to meaning, consciousness, and the ultimate physical limits on life in
the cosmos.

The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking,

Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the
Human Mind
Our minds are working all the time, but we rarely stop to think about
how they work.
Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927, died January 24, 2016)
was an American cognitive scientist in artificial intelligence (AI), co-
founder of Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s AI laboratory, and
author of several texts on AI and philosophy.
The human mind has many different ways to think, said Marvin
Minsky, the leading figure in artificial intelligence and computer
science. We use these different thinking methods in other
circumstances, and some don’t even associate with thinking.
“The Emotion Machine ” explains how our minds work, how they
progress from simple kinds of thought to more complex forms that
enable us to reflect on ourselves — what most people refer to as
consciousness or self-awareness.
Once we know thinking, we can build machines — artificial
intelligence — that can assist with our thinking, machines that can
follow the same thinking patterns that we follow, and think as we do.
These humanlike thinking machines would also be emotion
machines — just as we are.
This is a brilliant book that challenges many ideas about thinking and
the mind. It is as insightful and provocative as it is original, the fruit of
a lifetime spent thinking about thinking.

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach

The long-anticipated revision of this best-selling book by Stuart
Russell , Professor of Computer Science and Smith-Zadeh Professor
in Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Honorary
Fellow, Wadham College , Oxford and Peter Norvig , Director of
Research at Google, offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date
introduction to the theory and practice of artificial intelligence.
The book is as close to exhaustive as is currently available in the
field, including in-depth treatments of non-technical learning material
while providing an accessible and understandable overview of
significant concepts.
Since the 2003 edition, increased coverage has been given to topics
such as constraint satisfaction, local search planning methods, multi-
agent systems, game theory, statistical natural language processing,
and uncertain reasoning over time.
Attention has also been given to providing more detailed descriptions
of algorithms for probabilistic inference, fast propositional inference,
probabilistic learning approaches including EM, and other topics.
The comprehensive, up-to-date coverage includes a unified view of
the field organized around the rational decision-making paradigm.
The authors’ approach delivers in-depth coverage of basic and
advanced topics. It provides a basic understanding of the frontiers of
AI without compromising complexity or depth.
It conveys an in-depth understanding and a clear explanation of such
concepts as supervised and unsupervised machine learning. Thus,
to the layman, a sense of why there will be no jobs for machine
learning supervisors!
It is highly recommended. Intellectually, Artificial Intelligence: A
Modern Approach provides both a conceptual artificial intelligence
gym and a running track to limber upon. The more you use it, the
more you will get from it.

Conclusion
These five masterpieces are not just good AI books, but I would
consider them some of the most exciting and thoughtfully structured
textbooks I’ve seen on this subject.
They present useful information about particular aspects of AI while
providing fascinating historical background.
I always think that people, especially in the scientific and engineering
society, underestimate the importance of simple explanations of
difficult concepts, especially concerning new people in the field;
these books help make difficult concepts seem difficult!
Disclaimer : I do not receive any money from the authors or editors
or directly relate to anyone. Mine are simple indications based on my
positive learning experience through their excellent books.
By Jair Ribeiro on February 23, 2020 .
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 HERE IS THE VATICAN’S PLAN FOR
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICAL AI.
The Vatican presented a study on bringing more
ethics to the development of artificial
intelligence for humanity.

P
ope Francis launched on last on 28 February 2020 the “Rome
Call for AI Ethics ” and IBM and Microsoft are among the first
signatories.
The document proposed by the Vatican and signed by IBM and
Microsoft for the ethical development of artificial intelligence is called
“Rome Call for AI Ethics.”
The Pontifical Academy for Life, an institution that deals with the
ethical and moral implications raised by the latest frontiers of
science, such as stem cell research and genetic editing, promoted
the document, recognizing that Artificial intelligence (AI) is bringing
about considerable changes in the lives of humans and will continue
to do so.
AI systems must be conceptualized and realized to assist and
preserve human beings and the environment in which they live.
This initial vision must transmute into an engagement to create
social and personal conditions that allow both groups and individual
members to endeavor to represent themselves where possible
thoroughly.
Given the innovative and complex nature of the digital transformation
issues, it is essential that all stakeholders work together and that all
the needs emerging from AI are represented.
Artificial intelligence is an incredibly promising technology that can
help us make the world smarter, healthier, and more prosperous.
Provided that, from the outset, it is developed according to human
interests and values. The Call for AI Ethics in Rome reminds us that
we must think carefully about the needs of those who will benefit
from AI and invest significantly in the necessary skills.

Towards an “algorithmic ethics.”

The Rome Call for AI Ethics considers three aspects, ethics,
education, and rights. The Academy’s reflections revolve around the
development of AI that is respectful of all human beings. And it ends
with the hope of creating an “algorithm-ethics,” or an approach of
“ethics by design” that should shape each algorithm's development.
The algorithm-ethics is defined through six fundamental principles
that should inspire the development of artificial intelligence:
transparency, inclusion, responsibility, impartiality, reliability, security,
and privacy:
1. Transparency : in principle, AI systems must be
explainable;
2. Inclusion : the needs of all human beings must be taken
into consideration so that everyone can benefit and all
individuals can be offered the best possible conditions to
express themselves and develop;
3. Responsibility : those who design and deploy the use of
AI must proceed with accountability and transparency;
4. Impartiality: do not create or act according to bias, thus
safeguarding fairness and human dignity;
5. Reliability : AI systems must be able to work reliably;
6. Security and privacy: AI systems must work securely and
respect the privacy of

The Call intends to create a movement that expands and involves

other subjects: public institutions, NGOs, industries, and groups to
produce a direction in the development and use of technologies
derived from AI.
The prospect of a good AI
The initiatives promoted by the Vatican and culminated in the Call for
AI are part of a more comprehensive scenario of commitment to the
ethical development of artificial intelligence.
The European Union recently published a white paper on AI . It
launched a public consultation to involve citizens and stakeholders in
developing new technologies. In February, the Pentagon also
announced new guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence.
Then there are the joint efforts of large industrial groups such as the
Partnership on AI , an association to which practically all the big
names of IT have joined, from Apple to Amazon, Facebook, and
Google, in addition to IBM and Microsoft that conducts research,
organizes discussions, shares insights, provides thought leadership,
consults with relevant third parties, responds to questions from the
public and media, and creates educational material that advances
the understanding of AI technologies including machine perception,
learning, and automated reasoning.

For an ethical AI development

Now more than ever, we must guarantee an outlook in which AI is
developed with a focus not on technology, but rather for the good of
humanity and of the environment, of our ordinary and shared home
and of its human inhabitants, who are inextricably connected.
A vision in which human beings and nature are at the heart of how
digital innovation is developed, supported rather than gradually
replaced by technologies that behave like rational actors but are in
no way human.
It is time to begin preparing for a more technological future.
Machines will have a more critical role in human beings' lives and
future. It is clear that technological progress affirms the human race's
brilliance and remains dependent on its ethical integrity. [1]
The Vatican focus in the Call for AI is, unsurprisingly, on the human
issue: systems, algorithms, etc. they must always be placed in favor
of equality between people and promote values aligned with the
social doctrine of the Catholic Church: the dignity of the individual,
justice, subsidiarity (principle in which the State only acts when the
lower spheres are unable to help the citizen) and solidarity.
Everything else is secondary.

Conclusion
There is no reason to ban technology, but development and
implementation must follow strict rules and regulations to protect
people and work for the people, not against them or for the benefit of
the few.
Overall, this initiative shows that the Vatican is not alienated from
new technologies and seeks to align its values with society's
evolution, something it knows how to do very well, with its more than
2,000 years of history.
By Jair Ribeiro on March 3, 2020 .
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 HOW I AM SUMMARIZING THE MOST
RELEVANT TERMS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE FROM WIKIPEDIA,
USING AI.
This is experimentation on automating
Wikipedia articles' summarization with the most
relevant definitions, terminologies, and
references related to Artificial Intelligence using
vectorization (Nltk).

A
s I started to work on this experimentation, I’ve managed to
select and collect 407 links related to AI, 520 links related to
Machine Learning, and 30 links related to Deep Learning (since
several terms and definitions are shared between ML and DL). This
data is available on my public Dataset, AI ML DL Terms, and
Definitions Dataset .
Suppose you are starting on learning AI or already have some
experience in this field. In that case, you can agree that those
thousands of articles I’ve collected represent a considerable amount
of data.
It is tough for a human to get reliable and quick insights from such
vast volumes of information. Furthermore, a large portion of this data
is either redundant or doesn’t contain much useful information. The
most efficient way to get access to essential parts of the data,
without having to sift through redundant and insignificant data, is to
summarize the data so that it contains non-redundant and useful
information only.
Having this in mind, I decided to build an AI solution that uses
automatic text summarization techniques to summarize all the links
I’ve collected on Wikipedia about AI, ML, and DL.
Text summarization is a subdomain of Natural Language Processing
(NLP) that deals with extracting summaries from vast chunks of
texts. There are two main types of techniques used for text
summarization:
NLP-based methods and deep learning-based techniques. In this
article, I will use a simple NLP-based technique for text
summarization. I will not use any machine learning library in this
solution. Instead, I will simply use Python’s NLTK library for
summarizing the selected Wikipedia articles.
Automatic summarization reduces large text documents to a short
set of words or paragraphs that convey the full text's meaning.
An excellent example of the Text Summarization problem is news
article summarization, which attempts to produce an abstract from a
given article automatically.

Why Text summarization matter?

There are several possible uses of text summarization, like:
get the full information by spending minimum time from
unstructured textual data.
Enhance the readability of the documents.
Eliminate redundant, insignificant text, and provide the
required information.
Accelerate the process of researching for information.

Different approaches to Text Summarization

There are two methods used in automatic summarization:
1. The extractive method selects a subset of existing words,
phrases, or sentences in the original text to form
summaries. In simple terms, we identify the critical
sentences or key phrases from the original text and extract
only those from the text. Phrases from the original text and
extract only those from the text.
 2. The abstractive method builds an internal semantic
representation. It uses natural language generation
techniques to create summaries that resemble humans'
ones. This summary may have words that are not present
in the original document. Advanced Deep Learning
techniques are used to generate a new summary.
There are also two main types of automatic summarization:
Key-phrase extraction selects individual words or phrases
to tag documents.
Document summarization selects whole sentences to
create short paragraph summaries.

My goal here is to make a simple summarizer to flat my AI

terminology learning curve; I will be using the Extractive
summarization approach.

Steps involved to create the text summary

1) Data collection from the .csv file, then loading URLs using the
Urllib library. Data collection from Wikipedia using web
scraping(using Urllib library) Fetch the data from .csv file with Title,
Url, Website, and Dat, to be used by the Urllib library, which will
connect to the page and retrieves the HTML.
I’ll be using the urlopen function from the urllib. Request utility to
open the web page. Then, I’ll use the read function to read the
scraped data object.
2) Parsing the URL content of the data(using BeautifulSoup library)
3) Data clean-up like removing special characters, numeric values,
stop words, and punctuations.
4) Tokenization — Creation of tokens (Word tokens and Sentence
tokens) To split the article_content into a set of sentences, we’ll use
the built-in method from the nltk library. Import the stop words from
the NLTK toolkit and punctuations from the strings library. Stop
words are a set of commonly used words in any language. For
example, in English, “the,” “is,” and “and” would easily qualify as stop
words. In NLP and text mining applications, stop words are used to
eliminate unnecessary words, allowing applications to focus on
important words instead.
5) Calculate the word frequency for each word. Word tokenizes the
entire text. We have to create the dictionary with key as words and
value as the number of times word is repeated, then divide the
number of occurrences of all the words by the frequency of the most
occurring word
6) Calculate the weighted frequency for each sentence. To evaluate
each sentence's score in the text, we’ll analyze each term's
frequency of occurrence. In this case, we’ll be scoring each sentence
by its words, that is, adding the frequency of each important word
found in the sentence.
7) Create a summary with the top-weighted sentences. Using the
nalargest library, get the top-weighted sentences. And later on, join it
to get the final summarized text.

Summarizing the articles.

 How I Collected The Data?

As mentioned, I decided to summarize articles directly from

Wikipedia. When I’ve started to dig deep into this idea, I realized that
Wikipedia is endless, you probably know.
So it would be very hard to work with the classic method: research -
> copy -> paste of the terms and links.. so I used a javascript to
collect all links from the Wikipedia web page. here is the code I’ve
used:
var x = document.querySelectorAll(“a”);
var myarray = []
for (var i=0; i<x.length; i++){
var nametext = x[i].textContent;
var cleantext = nametext.replace(/\s+/g, ‘ ‘).trim();
var cleanlink = x[i].href;
myarray.push([cleantext,cleanlink]);
};
function make_table() {
var table = ‘<table><thead><th>Name</th><th>Links</th></thead>
<tbody>’;
for (var i=0; i<myarray.length; i++) {
table += ‘<tr><td>’+ myarray[i][0] + ‘</td><td>’+myarray[i][1]+’</td>
</tr>’;
};

var w = window.open(“”);
w.document.write(table);
}
make_table()
You can have more details about this here .
When this code runs, it opens a new tab in the browser. It outputs a
table containing each hyperlink's text and the link itself, so there is
context to what each link is pointing to. After that, I’ve copied and
pasted it into a spreadsheet and performed the necessary data
cleaning.
 THE RESULTS
Here you can have a quick look at the results of my summarization.
If you want to look into the full results, I’ve updated one of my articles
with the more than 400 terms and references about Artificial
Intelligence summarized and alphabetically ordered. Click on the link
below:
420 relevant Artificial Intelligence terms you need to know
today. (Huge Update)
Some of the most essential terms in the world of artificial intelligence
for you in this article. medium.com
Next, I will publish a new article with Machine Learning and Deep
Learning term summarization.
In the meantime, if you want, you can have a look into the kaggle
kernel of this solution:
https://www.kaggle.com/liberoliber/ai-ml-and-dl-terms-and-
definitions-summary
Enjoy your learning!
By Jair Ribeiro on June 5, 2020 .
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16 Infographic vector created by rawpixel.com - www.freepik.com
 SUMMARIZING A.I. ARTICLES USING
A.I.
This is how I’m using Artificial Intelligence to
summarize my favorite articles about… Artificial
Intelligence and build a weekly newsletter.

I
read an endless number of articles every week about A.I., and I
believe it is a good thing to collect them and share them with as
many people as possible.
But I like the idea of doing this in a “smart” way, so I’m using Artificial
Intelligence (what else?) to automate the whole process of data
collection, cleaning, and summarization of my favorite articles.
I am sharing a weekly list of the most relevant articles that I read on
Medium that I read during my spare time and updated my work.
If you want, you can read my list of most relevant articles about AI of
this week here:
Weekly A.I. Newsletter
A weekly update with the most interesting articles about Artificial
Intelligence medium.com

Web Article Summarization tool using NLP

I have started an experiment on automating the summarization of the
dozen exciting articles about A.I., Machine Learning, and Data
Science that I regularly read every week, using vectorization (Nltk)
directly from the links to the news.
With the overwhelming amount of new text documents generated
daily in different channels, such as news, social media, and tracking
systems, automatic text summarization has become essential for me
to keep pace and to digest and to understand so much content.
Text summarization aims to extract or generate concise and accurate
summaries of a given text document while maintaining key
information found within the original text document.
Automatic summarization reduces large text documents to a short
set of words or paragraphs that convey the full text's meaning.
An excellent example of the Text Summarization problem is news
article summarization, which attempts to produce an abstract from a
given article automatically. It concisely represents the latest news as
a summary.

Why Text summarization matter?

Overall, automated text summarization technology is also powering
business scenarios in a wide range of industry verticals such as
media & entertainment, retail, technology, and financial services
such as Robo-advisors.
There are several possible uses of text summarization, like:
get the full information by spending minimum time from
unstructured textual data.
Enhance the readability of the documents.
Eliminate redundant, insignificant text, and provide the
required information.
Accelerate the process of researching for information.

Different approaches to Text Summarization

Text summarization methods can be either extractive or abstractive:
1. The extractive method selects a subset of existing words,
phrases, or sentences in the original text to form
summaries. In Simple words, we identify the critical
sentences or key phrases from the original text and extract
only those from the text. Phrases from the original version,
and extract only those from the text.
 2. The abstractive method builds an internal semantic
representation. It uses natural language generation
techniques to create summaries that resemble humans'
ones. This summary may have words that are not present
in the original document. Advanced Deep Learning
techniques are used to generate a new summary.
There are also two main types of automatic summarization:
Key-phrase extraction selects individual words or phrases
to tag documents.
Document summarization selects whole sentences to
create short paragraph summaries.

My initial is to learn how to build a simple summarizer to be used in

my weekly A.I. & ML newsletter, so I’ve decided to start with the
Extractive summarization approach.

Steps involved to create the text summary

1. Data collection from the .csv file, then loading URLs using
the Urllib library. Data collection from Wikipedia using web
scraping(using Urllib library) Fetch the data from .csv file
with Title, Url, Website, and Dat, to be used by the Urllib
library, which will connect to the page and retrieves the
HTML.

I’ll be using the urlopen function from the urllib. Request utility to
open the web page. Then, I’ll use the read function to read the
scraped data object.
2) Parsing the URL content of the data(using BeautifulSoup library)
3) Data clean-up like removing special characters, numeric values,
stop words, and punctuations.
4) Tokenization — Creation of tokens (Word tokens and Sentence
tokens) To split the article_content into a set of sentences, we’ll use
the built-in method from the nltk library. Import the stop words from
the NLTK toolkit and punctuations from the strings library. Stop
words are a set of commonly used words in any language. For
example, in English, “the,” “is,” and “and” would easily qualify as stop
words. In NLP and text mining applications, stop words are used to
eliminate unnecessary words, allowing applications to focus on
essential words instead.
5) Calculate the word frequency for each word. Word tokenizes the
entire text. We have to create the dictionary with keywords and value
as the number of times a word is repeated, then divide the number of
occurrences of all the words by the frequency of the most occurring
word.
6) Calculate the weighted frequency for each sentence. To evaluate
each sentence's score in the text, we’ll analyze each term's
frequency of occurrence. In this case, we’ll be scoring each sentence
by its words, that is, adding the frequency of each significant word
found in the sentence.
7) Create a summary with the top-weighted sentences Using the
nalargest library to get the top-weighted sentences. And later on, join
it to get the final summarized text.

Using Transfer Learning for summarizing the articles

Also, I am experimenting with a more advanced summarization
technique using a Transfer Learning model called T5.
Transfer learning, where a model is first pre-trained on a data-rich
task before being fine-tuned on a downstream task, has emerged as
a powerful natural language processing (NLP) on several language
understanding tasks.
T5 is a new transformer model from Google trained in an end-to-end
manner with text as input and modified text as output.
Combining the insights from using a text-to-text transformer trained
on a large text corpus like the “Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus” or
C4, the T5 model achieved state-of-the-art results on multiple NLP
tasks like summarization, question answering, machine translation,
etc.
The T5 model is inspired by the paper Exploring the Limits of
Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer by Colin
Raffel, Noam Shazeer, Adam Roberts, Katherine Lee, Sharan
Narang, Michael Matena, Yanqi Zhou, Wei Li, Peter J. Liu.
More details here: Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer .
T5 is an abstractive summarization algorithm. It means rewriting
sentences when necessary than just picking up sentences directly
from the original text.

Model Checkpoints
We have released the following checkpoints for pre-trained models
described in our paper:
T5-Small (60 million parameters): gs://t5-
data/pretrained_models/small T5-Base (220 million parameters):
gs://t5-data/pretrained_models/base T5-Large (770 million
parameters): gs://t5-data/pretrained_models/large T5–3B (3 billion
parameters): gs://t5-data/pretrained_models/3B T5–11B (11 billion
parameters): gs://t5-data/pretrained_models/11B
See here for a list of additional experimental pre-trained model
checkpoints.
If you want to reproduce this, you can have a look into my kaggle
notebook here:
Newsletter Summarizer
Explore and run machine learning code with Kaggle Notebooks |
Using data from newsletter-data www.kaggle.com
Enjoy!
By Jair Ribeiro on June 10, 2020 .
Canonical link
17 - Technology vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 COLORIZING BLACK & WHITE IMAGES
WITH DEEP LEARNING
Using a CNN Convolutional Neural Network
trained on over a million color images to
colorize vintage B&W photos.

S
ince the beginning of photography, Image colorization may
have been reserved for those with artistic talent in the past.
Still, thanks to Artificial Intelligence, is it possible to colorize
black and white images and video with outstanding quality.
One interesting example is the paper Fully Automatic Video
Colorization with Self-Regularization and Diversity ( you can read it
here ), which refers to one experiment by the Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology, which presents a fully automatic method
for colorizing black and white films without any human guidance or
references.
Typical image colorization methods require some labeled reference.
A key innovation of this paper is a novel framework consisting of a
colorization network with self-learning techniques.
The researchers used the ranked diversity loss function proposed in
a CVPR paper to differentiate different solution modes. They
compared their model with two other state-of-the-art fully automatic
image colorization.
The new approach was preferred in the percent of comparisons on
the DAVIS dataset . The researchers believe their work on self
regularization and diversity can inspire future research.
Fully Automatic Video Colorization with Self Regularization and
Diversity Could be used in computer vision applications such as
visual understanding and object tracking.
The goal with this R&D is to have my personal use. This fully
automatic approach can help me generate realistic colorizations of
Black & White (B&W) photos and videos.
From the AI point of view, I’ve decided to follow the approach of an
implementation of a CNN (“Convolutional Neural Network”) trained
on over a million color images, based on a research work developed
at the University of California, Berkeley by Richard Zhang, Phillip
Isola, and Alexei A. Efros. Colorful Image Colorization .
As explained in the original paper, the authors embraced the
problem's underlying uncertainty by posing it as a classification task
using class-rebalancing at training time.
I wanted to achieve a plausible color version of the photographs I’ve
selected to use a feed-forward pass on a CNN.
Film and video colorization is not a new technology. Since the
beginning of the last century, some fantastic masterpieces of the
cinema were painstakingly hand-colored, frame-by-frame, by
humans.
Computer-powered colorization started to be used in the 1970s and
has been widely used ever since today. Now Deep learning is
enabling a fully automatic image colorization. But there has been no
corresponding breakthrough in fully automatic video colorization. A
key innovation of this paper is a novel framework with self-
regularization techniques.

The Deep Learning approach.

The approach for this solution is to implement a feed-forward pass in
a CNN (“Convolutional Neural Network”) where 1.3 million photos of
objects and scenes from ImageNet were decomposed using Lab
model and used as an input feature (“L”) and classification labels (“a”
and “b”). Applying a Deep Learning algorithm (Feed-Forward CNN),
final models were generated and are available here: Zhang et al. — 
Colorful Image Colorization — models .
Source: https://becominghuman.ai/auto-colorization-of-black-and-
white-images-using-machine-learning-auto-encoders-technique-
a213b47f7339
Working with the LAB
We usually use for digital images the well-known schema RGB. We
often code a color photo using the RGB model . Still, unfortunately,
the Deep Learning model that I used on this project is the CIE “Lab.”
The CIELAB color space or sometimes abbreviated as “Lab’s color
space) is a color space that got its name from the three additive
primary colors, red, green, and blue.
The Lab [aka CIELAB / L*a*b*] completely separates the lightness
from color. Think of lightness as some grayscale image. It only has
luminosity but no colors. Channel L is responsible for that lightness
(grayscale), and the other two channels ab are responsible for the
colors. As you can see in the images above, the color information is
embedded in the ab channel.
Without looking at L, you may notice that it is too hard to know what
is in the picture from looking at ab. T hat’s because of a scientific
fact that says 94% of the cells in our eyes determine Lightness (L ).
That leaves only 6% of our receptors to act as sensors for colors (ab
)
The good news is that, unlike the RGB color model, Lab color space
is designed to approximate human vision. It aspires to perceptual
uniformity, and its L component closely matches the human
perception of lightness. The L component is precisely what is used
as input of the AI model, which was trained to estimate the room's
remained lightness.
It was also used to train the AI to estimate the room's remaining
lightness, which was then used to input the AI.
I will not go through on a classic step-by-step here, but you can
download the code and test it with your GitHub photos.
gitliber/image-colorization
This directory contains script to color images. You can color the
images with running main.py script from root of the… github.com
Remember that you must have Python (version 3.6) and OpenCV
(4.0) installed on your machine. I will describe all the process of
colorization with Jupiter Notebook in the next part of the article.
This directory contains script to color images.
You can color the images with running the main.py script from the root
of the project.
python -m src.image_colorization.main --method <name of method>
Parameter --model is optional, if not present reg_full_model is default.
The models can be chosen from the following list:
reg_full_model
reg_full_vgg_model
reg_part_model
class_weights_model
class_wo_weights_model

Conclusion
The original model by Richard Zhang, Phillip Isola, and Alexei A.
Efros was trained using “fake” grayscale images (Modern pictures
converted to greyscale).
Running this method on real legacy black and white photographs as
I did it (looking into this article here ) can encounter several
challenges due to training nature. However, the model can still
produce good colorizations, even though the legacy photographs'
low-level image quality is quite different from those of the modern-
day photos.
With this experimentation, I have shown that colorization with a deep
CNN and a well-chosen objective function can come closer to natural
colored photos.
AI not only provides a useful graphics output but can also be viewed
as a valid tool for image manipulation, as it performs strongly
compared to other self-supervised pre-training methods.

Links and Sources:

richzhang/colorization
Richard Zhang, Phillip Isola, Alexei A. Efros. In ECCV,
2016. github.com
 Mjrovai/Python4DS
You can’t perform that action at this time. You signed in
with another tab or window. You signed out in another tab
or… github.com
Auto Colorization of Black and White Images using
Machine Learning “Auto-encoders” technique
In this article, I’m going to show you the main steps to
colorize a black and white images using machine learning.
becominghuman.ai
gitliber/image-colorization
This is about an experimental Artificial Intelligent approach
for a solution to implement a feed-forward pass in a CNN…
github.com
Black and white image colorization with OpenCV and
Deep Learning — PyImageSearch
In this tutorial, you will learn how to colorize black and
white images using OpenCV, Deep Learning, and Python.
Image… www.pyimagesearch.com

By Jair Ribeiro on June 25, 2020 .

Canonical link
18- Car vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 THE ETHICS OF AI AND AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES
In a perfect world, AI should be developed to
avoid unethical issues, but that may be unlikely
since those issues cannot always be predicted.
In an automated society, human beings will
have the responsibility to support and protect
each other more than today.

I
n the most diverse society sectors, artificial intelligence ( AI) is
assuming a significant role.
We have no return point, and artificial intelligence will be
incorporated into our daily life, professionally or socially, into our
future.
With the crescent adoption of technology, some ethical concerns are
posed by the notion of “thinking computers” to make decisions like
humans.
A practical approach to AI adoption must be researched and
examined. This article starts to explore ethical guidelines for the use
of intelligent and autonomous systems.
Artificial Intelligence ( AI) has been applied widely among us, with
potentially great benefits to humanity. Still, at the same time, several
concerns regarding AI’s unethical use are growing.
In an ideal world, one should configure the AI to avoid unethical
tactics, but this could be impractical because it can not be defined
beforehand. Research can be used to help regulators, enforcement
workers, and others identify problem-sensitive solutions that may be
lost in a massive strategy room.
It also indicates that rethinking how AI works in vast strategic spaces
could be appropriate to reject unethical outcomes during the learning
process explicitly.

From Asimov and beyond

With the development of artificial intelligence, it is increasingly being
applied and used in various fields, giving us enormous potential to
enhance our environments, change our lives every day, and make
the earth more successful.
Simultaneously, as Artificial Intelligence is becoming more
mainstream, it is difficult to ignore the ethical and moral experts'
questions in robotics. When AI was only an idea present in science
fiction works, many questioned its application's limits. Throughout his
thesis, the famous writer and philosopher Isaac Asimov created the
“Three Laws of Robotics ” intending to make the coexistence of
human beings and intelligent robots possible:
First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or, through
inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
Second Law: A robot must obey the orders given by human beings
except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
Third Law: A robot must protect its existence as long as such
protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.
Asimov later added “Law Zero,” which is above the others and
specifies that:
A robot may not harm a human being unless he finds a way to prove
that ultimately the harm done would benefit humanity in general!
The discussion about how to “talk” Artificial Intelligence in the face of
ethical and moral problems is very comprehensive. In a perfect
world, AI should be developed to avoid unethical issues, but that
may be unlikely since those issues can not be predefined.

Some examples of ethical issues and self-driving

vehicle dilemmas
What should a self-driving vehicle do if there is any possibility that it
leads to some people's death? The only other option is a cliff, so
what is this car doing? For years, philosophers have been discussing
a similar moral dilemma. Still, the discussion has a new practical
application with the advent of self-driving vehicles expected to
become standard on the road in the coming years.
Another much-discussed issue is The Trolley Problem : Imagine
that a given autonomous vehicle has six or five passengers, and you
must pull a lever to switch to another lane, where only one person
will be in the car’s path. Would you kill to save five of them?
Other situations can compound this moral imperative. For example,
you are on a pedestrian bridge across the road, and you can see a
five-person vehicle. There’s a huge man behind you, and you know
that his weight is enough to stop the car. Is it a moral thing to drive
him off the bridge to save the five?
These are not easy-answered questions, I know. When non-
philosophical individuals are asked how driverless cars should deal
with a situation where either passenger or driver death is imminent,
most of them said cars should be designed to prevent passengers'
injury. You can read more about it here …
Researchers, led by the Toulouse School of Economics psychologist
Jean-François Bonnefon, in their The Moral Machine experiment , an
on-line experimental platform designed to explore the moral
dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles.
The platform gathered 40 million decisions in ten languages from
millions of people in 233 countries, showing that these differences
correlate with modern institutions and deep cultural traits.
When it comes to autonomous vehicles, the experiment presented a
series of crash scenarios to more than 900 participants concluding
that 75% of the people thought the car would always deviate and
destroy the passenger, even if only to save one passerby.
I believe that good activity generates the highest amount of people’s
happiness. Based on this logic, any action possible to save the
maximum number of people should be taken.
When it comes to autonomous vehicles, if a significant number of
people are at risk due to an imminent crash, it may be an ethical and
rational decision to proceed on its route, even though it means
injuring an innocent pedestrian.
Some philosophers who opposed the Trolley issue argue that this
approach is too simplistic in front of such a complex problem that
required an extensive assessment of the consequences of the action
and its moral ownership.
As Helen Frowe , Professor of Practical Philosophy at the University
of Stockholm, once said, the autonomous vehicles manufacturers
must build vehicles to protect innocent passengers, considering that
those in the car should be anyway considered “more” responsible in
case of incidents since they were in charge to decide to where the
car should go and when, for instance.

What about children and autonomous vehicles?

This is a hot topic, I know. Let me put one more ethical issue here:
Let’s consider that a self-driving car can hold four passengers or two
children in the rear seat. According to my last thought, if all the
vehicle passengers are adults, they should avoid a pedestrian.
But what happens if the only passengers inside the car are children
going to school in the morning ? Can we consider those children as
morally responsible in case of a fatal incident using this same logic?
Or inverting the parts, should we find ethically acceptable killing one
older person in the street to save two children’s lives, for instance?
Some people should argue that, in cases where only adults are in
the vehicle, we should have to save a vast number of people to
make the death of one Passenger ethical, moral, and acceptable.

Are humans predictable?

What if a pedestrian behaves irresponsibly, placing himself in front of
an autonomous vehicle with the intent to cause him to deviate,
resulting in the death of a passenger? Considering that self-driving
vehicles do not judge cyclists and bikers' actions, this legal aspect
would be difficult to consider.
Despite hundreds of articles dealing with every little ethical detail,
philosophers are far from finding a solution. Is it more unethical, for
example, to deliberately divert the car from an alone passerby than
actually to do nothing and cause the vehicle to reach a group of
people, following a normative notion that morality should optimize
satisfaction?
Honestly, I believe that human beings have a responsibility to
support and to protect others. Behaviors that intentionally cause
injuries or deaths are ethically worse than any action that may
prevent them.
Self-driving cars can only meet very rarely in conditions where there
are only two courses of action. It is far from unlikely that one day the
system will have to choose whether to harm a passerby or a driver.
Of course, cars can only meet very rarely in conditions with only two
courses of action. The vehicle can conclude, with 100 % confidence,
that any decision will lead to death. But those vehicles may one day
have to choose whether to harm a passerby or the driver. We must
design new software, systems, and algorithms that consider these
questions and make ethical decisions.
Carmakers probably have the most significant responsibility on this
topic. Most of the top players in the global market are still “waiting” to
express their views on these ethical issues, probably because it
seems complicated to find a satisfactory answer given the lack of
unanimity on these issues.

The AI ethics issues and our responsible future.

The decision-making of computers leaves room for legal
contradictions and errors.
There are several issues in the AI (artificial intelligence) legal
controversy. Many countries hurry to develop industrial and military
technologies in several ways, in contrast with ethical committees and
institutions deputed to put restrictions and regulations in AI to keep it
under control.
Specialized panels can review and, in some instances, block
proposals by academics and private companies, but a reasonable
way to tackle new technologies' threats without hindering
technological advancement is Congressional expert consensus.
The European Union recently published a document revealing that
society is considering banning facial recognition in public areas for
three to five years. This year, Microsoft and IBM have agreed to
follow this path. Meanwhile, I hope more rigorous rules are required.

Conclusion
Humanity is starting to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) extensively,
potentially with significant benefits. Yet, questions about AI’s
unethical use are on the rise.
In a perfect world, AI should be developed to avoid unethical issues,
but that may be unlikely since those issues cannot be predefined.
Research on Ethics can help policymakers, compliance officials, and
other institutions find problem-sensitive approaches that lack in large
areas of our society.
Self-driving cars are expected to become standard on the roads in
the coming years. This technology is not immune to regulatory
contradictions and ethics issues.
In an automated society, more than today, human beings will have
the responsibility to support and protect each other, and AI-powered
behaviors that intentionally causes injury or death will be considered
ethically worse than any action that might prevent them. We need to
start thinking about it now!
By Jair Ribeiro on July 14, 2020 .
Canonical link
.
19 - Car vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 AN INTRODUCTION TO AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES
Autonomous vehicles have long lived in our
imagination since the Jetsons, and if we can
imagine, we can do it. The great challenge of
mastering gravity has not yet been achieved,
but we continue to try on the roads.

H
ave you ever thought about being in traffic back home and rest
in your car by taking your hands off the steering wheel? Or
read a book, watch videos while the car is in the chaos of traffic
jams?
Well, know that this possibility is already being developed and may
soon be available.
I have many tech passions, but autonomous vehicles' development
is undoubtedly one of the most intriguing for me among the latest
transportation industry trends.
While this innovation seems to usher in a new era in the
transportation market, I’ve been dedicating much time studying and
developing a series of “home-made” solutions for autonomous
driving that better understand this fantastic technology.
Similarly, it is interesting to know in-depth about how the current self-
driving technology works.
Since electronic injection, many automobiles have changed, and
other systems have been incorporated into the ECU (central
module).
Nowadays, there are airbag control modules, ABS brakes, stability
control, autopilot, and immobilizers.
These electronic controllers will need to make a giant leap in quality,
efficiency, and safety in autonomous cars.

We will be driving in a better world.

I firmly believe that the impact on traffic safety will be the great
legacy of autonomous cars.
Accidents involving cars are the 8th leading cause of death globally,
and 95% of accidents are caused by human error.
Bearing in mind that car accidents are the 8th leading cause of death
globally, and 95% of the accidents are caused by human error, the
expectation is that transport automation will represent a significant
reduction in the number of occurrences and, mainly, of victims.

Learning by doing: Home-made autonomous

driving systems
The higher the level of automation of a vehicle, the greater the
influence of AI and computing on its components. Therefore, I am
fascinated to understand the logic that drives these machines
attractive, both concerning hardware and software.
Understanding the concepts of electronics and Artificial Intelligence
applied to autonomous vehicles has become one of my goals during
this period.
I’ve started with the classic “smart RC cars ,” coding in python, and
adding some necessary sensors to understand how to control small
electric motors and servos. Now I’m doing something a little bigger.
I’m working on building an autonomous car for my daughter …
well… she is three years old..so it will not be a Tesla Model Y with
autopilot. It will still be a “power wheels ” ride-on car with level 2 of
automation — (see below for Automation Levels). It will use AI and a
series of sensors that currently I’m applying to it…
I will write a dedicated article explaining this new project with more
details very soon, but before that, let’s review together with the
basics of this unique technology:
What are autonomous vehicles?
Autonomous vehicles are cars (but also trucks, buses, and others…)
where human drivers are not required to take control to safely
operate the vehicle, combining sensors and software to control,
navigate, and drive the vehicle.
To allow self-driving vehicles to take over the streets, there is a trend
by automakers to gradually add technologies that collaborate with
drivers both in driving and maintaining the car itself, such as:
cruise speed control;
driving and parking assistance;
braking management;
obstacle detection system and road users;
proximity alerts with other vehicles and driving adaptations;
monitoring of operating conditions;
speed adjustment according to path conditions.

These are some of the systems already present in specific models.

To better understand how integration occurs, let’s get to know the
technology behind vehicle automation in the following topic.
Currently, there are no legally operational and fully autonomous
vehicles in the world. However, partially autonomous vehicles, such
as cars and trucks with varying amounts of automation, from
assistance for braking to aid changing lanes and parking, with some
models even having a certain degree of automatic steering.
Although it is still in its infancy, autonomous driving technology is
becoming increasingly common and could radically transform our
transport system.

Not every Autonomous vehicle is made equal: the six

levels of autonomy.
Different cars are capable of varying levels of autonomy, described
on a scale of 0 to 5, and essential to an understanding before we talk
about an autonomous vehicle’s operation.
The more technological solutions in actuators and sensors the
automobile incorporates, the greater its degree of automation. As
there are several stages in development, regulations and technical
definitions also need to adapt.
For this reason, the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) created
a classification to differentiate vehicles according to their degree of
automation, making it easier for consumers and maintenance
professionals to identify the models. The following five levels have
been determined:
Level 0 : humans control all significant systems
Level 1 : specific systems, such as cruise control or automatic
braking, can be controlled by the vehicle, one at a time.
Level 2 : the vehicle offers at least two simultaneous automatic
functions, such as acceleration and steering, but requires human
beings for safe operation
Level 3 : the vehicle can manage all critical safety functions under
certain conditions, but the driver must take over when alerted
Level 4 : the vehicle is fully autonomous in some driving scenarios,
although not all.
Level 5 : the vehicle is fully capable of autonomy in all situations
As we can see, while some models are already produced in series
with some level of automation, other prototypes and projects are
being touched by automakers and technology companies.
So it is interesting that mechanics and other maintenance
professionals start to prepare for the near future. In the next topic,
we’ll talk about it.
With different degrees of autonomy, autonomous vehicles become
popular in the coming years and help make our daily lives much
more comfortable.
Based on automakers and technology estimates, level 4
autonomous cars may already be sold in the 2–3 coming years.

How do autonomous vehicles work in practice?

The development of autonomous vehicles is at an advanced stage.
Artificial Intelligence today, using computer vision and other
methods, allows the vehicles to differentiate the types of obstacles
and situations on the roads so as not only to react according to pre-
established parameters but also to learn eventualities.
With connectivity, on-board computers exchange information with
each other. Thus, an unforeseen occurrence with one of the
automobiles will help everyone learn to deal with identical
circumstances. For this, automobiles will need more powerful
computerized central than current electronic modules (ECUs) and
OBD (On-Board Diagnostic) diagnostic systems.
Most self-driving systems create and maintain an internal map of
their surroundings based on information obtained from a wide range
of sensors, such as radar. Some autonomous vehicles use laser
beams, along with other sensors, to build the internal map. Others
use radar, high-powered cameras, and sonar, and maps loaded on
their systems for operation.
The software then processes the information obtained in real-time,
traces a path, and issues instructions to the vehicle’s actuators that
control acceleration, braking, and steering. Rules, algorithms to
avoid obstacles, predictive modeling, and discrimination between
objects (that is, knowing the difference between a bicycle and a
motorcycle) help the software follow traffic rules and navigate
obstacles.
While partly autonomous vehicles (levels 0,1,2, and 4) may require a
human driver to intervene if the system encounters conflicts, the
future fully autonomous vehicles (Level 5) may not even offer a
steering wheel.
Autonomous vehicles can be further distinguished as connected or
not, indicating whether they can communicate with other vehicles
and with the city’s infrastructure, such as the next generation of
traffic lights and traffic management in cities.

The technology behind autonomous cars?

The idea for autonomous vehicles is to reach the point where the
driver is not required, allowing all occupants to enjoy the trip. For
this, technology needs to evolve to a level of reliable security.
Several innovations are being developed, improved, and integrated
into autonomous cars to make this scenario possible. Let me share
here some of the most important ones:

The Hardware
They are responsible for detecting environmental characteristics and
passing this data to the on-board computer. Currently, the most used
are cameras, radars, sonars, and LIDARs.

Stereoscopic camera
Also called a stereo camera, it is a device that uses two or more
lenses to create frames from different perspectives. In this way, you
can get a sense of depth (3D), simulating human vision.
Infrared camera
The infrared camera allows accurate viewing in low or no light
environments. This equipment can identify objects by the
temperature variation using sensors, capturing their infrared
radiation, invisible to the naked eye.

Radar
A radar emits radio waves in a specific direction, which reverberates
through obstacles. By measuring the speed and intensity of this
return, you can have notions of size and distance.

Sonar
Sonar works similarly to radar. Instead of radio waves, the difference
is that it uses sound waves, inaudible to the human ear.
LIDAR
LIDAR also follows the logic of the two previous devices. However,
laser pulses, which form thousands of luminous points, are used to
scan the environment. In addition to having a faster signal, LIDAR
allows you to cover a wider area, 360 °, and greater precision.

ESC (Electronic Stability Control)

Electronic Stability Control is the same technology used in several
models, including in Brazil. It is responsible for calculating and
making corrections in driving according to each wheel’s speed,
inclination, and yaw in autonomous cars.

iBooster
The vacuum electromechanical servo brake, called iBooster, can
generate controlled pressure on the brakes in less than 120
milliseconds. This is three times faster than conventional brake
systems , making the vehicle safer in emergency braking.

GPS, speedometer, and odometer

For the vehicle to guide itself through the cities, it is necessary to
equip it with updated maps and control its location. Therefore, it will
use GPS equipment integrated with the speedometer and odometer.
Thus, the computer can calculate its position even in the absence of
the satellite.

The software
While the autonomous car’s hardware components allow the vehicle
to perform such functions as seeing, talking and moving, the
software is like the brain that processes environment information to
know what action to take-whether to drive, stop, slow, etc. Three
systems can categorize autonomous vehicle software: perception,
planning, and control.

Perception
The perception system refers to the autonomous vehicle’s ability to
recognize what necessary information enters through sensors or
V2V components. It helps the car to understand from a given frame
whether an entity is another vehicle, a person, or something else
entirely.
This mechanism is similar to how our brains translate knowledge into
meaning by sight. Our eye photoreceptors (sensors) detect light
waves from the atmosphere and transform light waves into
electrochemical signals. Neuron networks transfer these
electrochemical signals back to the brain’s visual cortex, where our
brain understands what these electrochemical signals; thus, our.
Thus, our brain understands whether a specific light pattern hitting
our retina represents a chair, plant, or another individual.

Planning
The planning system refers to the autonomous vehicle’s ability to
make certain decisions to achieve higher-order goals. And the
autonomous vehicle knows what to do in a situation — whether to
pause, move, slow down, etc.
The planning system works by integrating collected information
about the environment (i.e., from sensors and V2X components) with
defined policies and expertise about how to move in the environment
( e.g., do not drive over pedestrians, slow down when approaching a
stop sign, etc.) so that the car can decide what action to take (e.g.,
overtake another vehicle, how to reach the destination, etc.).
As the autonomous car planning system, the human brain’s frontal
processes lobe processes allow us to think and make decisions like
what to wear in the morning or what to do for fun on the weekend.
Control
The control system concerns the process of translating the planning
system’s objectives and priorities into actions. Here, the control
device informs the necessary inputs' he necessary inputs' hardware
(actuator leading to the desired motions.
For example, an autonomous vehicle, realizing it should slow when
entering a red light, converts this awareness into braking practice.
In humans, the cerebellum processes play an analogous function.
The cerebellum is responsible for the essential motor control
function.
It encourages us to chew when the desired goal is to eat.

Artificial Intelligence and Connectivity

Artificial Intelligence would be responsible for collecting all sensor
signals, internal and external, monitoring driving, notifying the owner
of maintenance needs, making minor device changes and
improvements, and learning from failure.
Connectivity with other autonomous cars can exchange experiences
and solutions.
Such technologies make vehicle automation possible.

Vehicles that can see the world.

It’s easy to fall into the illusion that autonomous vehicles perceive
their world in the same manner as we do — by “seeing” the
environment using stereoscopic vision to assess the vehicle's
relative locations and its surrounding elements, but this is not the
case.
An Autonomous vehicle's vision system often consists of several
high-resolution cameras covering the vehicle’s front, sides, and
back. Unlike lidar, cameras can detect color, which is useful for
spotting traffic lights, construction zone signs, and emergency
vehicle lights.
These cameras are designed to work in daylight and low-light
situations. Still, like any other camera, the resolution drops as the
light decreases.
When the car starts its journey, the software interprets hundreds of
objects in different ways, such as cyclists or pedestrians, and reads
traffic lights and signs.

Do you foresee the unusual

What if an object falls from a truck in front of you? What if a cyclist
hidden between two cars wins the street as if he came out of
nowhere? Google says it has been training the autonomous vehicle
to handle unexpected situations. In such cases, the car’s decision is
generally to slow down and wait until more information is captured
about what is around.

The Autonomous driving revolution

The expectation is that autonomous Vehicles level of 4 or 5 (full
autonomy) become a primary global market in 2030, moving
somewhere around $ 60 billion, according to statistics data platform
Statista .
By 2035, North America should have 29% of the world’s autonomous
fleet, with China and Western Europe having 24% and 20% of the
autonomous car fleet.
The technology of autonomous vehicles is very complex. In the UK,
73% of all cars are expected to have some level of range (levels 1 to
3) before fully autonomous vehicles start to enter the market,
predicted in 2025.
One reason behind this is the lack of consistent high-speed internet
connection to allow self-driving vehicles to communicate and gather
information about driving conditions and congestion or possible
obstacles that block the road.
Another reason is that some vehicles require extremely detailed
maps to navigate safely.
Automakers and technology companies are investing heavily in the
autonomous vehicle market. No wonder. Research indicates that
85% of adults in the United States would feel safe sitting behind the
wheel of a driverless vehicle.

Conclusion
This new wave of vehicles will have a monumental impact on our
lives. It is already redesigning the transportation chain. This is
because the autonomous (and the “semi”) do not only need exhaust,
engine, and gear to run. That’s the least of it.
They embed “under the hood” a myriad of electronic devices, such
as sensors, chips, radars, connectivity points, cameras, and, to sum
up, all sorts of algorithms.
In other words, vehicles are becoming computers with tires.
All of this requires that automakers have new suppliers — or that old
ones shake off. Hence the origin of all change. There is also much
money involved in this transformation. I will write about it in another
article.
Autonomous Vehicles have long lived in our imagination, and if we
can imagine, we can do it.
Since the Jetsons, insinuations in the future vehicles would be smart
enough to take us wherever we wanted, even more so by air and not
stuck to the roads.
However, the great challenge of mastering gravity has not yet been
achieved, but we continue to try on the roads.. and the times seem
to be mature now.

Read more about it…

If you want to know more about how AV will change our lives and our
society, please read the next article:
 How Autonomous Vehicles will redefine the concept of
mobility.
Autonomous cars are already among us, and some actions
are already taking regarding auto repair shops and
dealer… medium.com

By Jair Ribeiro on August 28, 2020 .

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 HOW AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES WILL
REDEFINE THE CONCEPT
OF MOBILITY
They are already among us and will transform
the entire automotive industry.

T
he technology behind Autonomous vehicles can surprise you.
These vehicles are characterized by not having to deal with
human limitations, such as tiredness and inattention.
To the delight of many, these machines can park alone, and they do
not drive drunk or speak on the phone while driving, like many
humans that we know.
It is known that human failures cause 94% of traffic accidents , and
this innovation is mainly developed to save lives, reducing the
fatalities consistently.
According to a study from 2015 by the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) , traffic accidents are the most
significant cause of death of young people between 15 and 29 years
globally, overcoming the victims of AIDS, flu, and dengue together,
according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Also, we always complain that we have little time. The days are
busy, and we have several obligations to fulfill. And we spend, on
average, 40 days a year stuck in traffic in the cities.
Have you ever thought how much we would earn if we didn’t have to
worry about driving, with the vehicle working for us during that time?
You can have an idea about it here .
It is estimated that autonomous cars can create a 7 trillion dollar
market! It is called the “passenger economy” since everyone will do
several other activities without paying attention.
Beauty salons, dinners, and health clinics are services that can be
performed inside the vehicles.
Autonomy in vehicles will transform the entire automotive sector,
from the way traffic is organized through vehicle engineering and the
parts and components industry to the mechanics.

A disruptive wave: Transportation as a Service.

Some of us still remember when digital photography began to
emerge as an option to analog. Kodak carried out studies that
proved accurate, indicating that the new technique would dominate
the market in 20 years. Despite having time for this, the company
wrinkled its nose and did not modernize. Currently, the giant has
shrunk and survives only as a patent laboratory.
To avoid the same mistake, almost all automakers are running after
losing the future market, planning to deliver vehicles capable of
automation. The development of entirely autonomous vehicles by
technology companies has already spurred new hires at major
brands.
In the article “How Uber’s autonomous car will destroy 10 million jobs
and redefine the economy in 2025 ,” Zack Kander argues that the
entire industry will be reinvented in the next decade. How can we not
agree on that?
When the autonomous vehicle technology will be already well
developed and a majority in the streets, the tendency is that the
market changes will start to consolidate. The entire transportation
industry business model is going to change. Vehicles will stop being
a consumer product to become a service.
Today, for the majority of the time, a car, for example, is used only for
a short time, but the cost to maintain it is not so low. According to a
report of GlobalFleet , a car cost varies up to €344 per month across
Europe.
Self-driving vehicles will drastically reduce the transportation costs
offered by companies when human drivers will not be required. The
cheaper service could make the maxim of having the ownership of a
vehicle no longer attractive.
We can consider that vehicles in the future will be standardized,
electric, and autonomous and will be mainly owned by fleet
companies. It means that it will be difficult for the current production
logic — with millions of cars manufactured every day — to survive this
disruption.
According to Statista , the global auto industry expects to sell 59.6
million automobiles in 2020. Well, at least it was like that before
COVID-19.
Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the sector is projected to
experience a downward trend in a slowing global economy. Before
the pandemic hit, it has been estimated that international car sales
were on track to reach 80 million in 2019; Anyway, the global
automotive industry is estimated to reach 1,14,250 thousand units by
2024.
The importance of this revolution for the global economy is evident:
Workshops, tire shops, insurance companies, dealerships,
professionals (such as drivers, taxi drivers, services such as
garages, rent, etc.) will be heavily disrupted. Also, of course, to the
assembly lines themselves.

With more significant autonomy comes more

significant challenges.
One of the most significant differences between autonomous cars is
their level of connectivity. They will be connected to the internet all
the time. Because of this, much of what we do today by cell phones
or computers will be done during a journey, using the vehicle itself.
On the other hand, Autonomous Vehicles may become a preferred
target of virtual attacks, aiming to steal data or compromise systems.
Thus, problems with viruses and other malicious programs will be
more constant. Are we ready for this?
Autonomous vehicles and the new customer
experience.
As the plan’s progress in launching commercial autonomous vehicle
services by most automakers proceeds, designers and product
owners recognize that more than the development of the technology
itself, focusing on the customer experience will be essential for future
business success.
There are no easy shortcuts when it comes to launching such
complex technology as autonomous vehicle services are. The auto
industry has faced the most challenging thing since people switched
from horses to cars.
The AV adoption heavily depends on people to trust the technology
enough to get into the vehicle and then love the user experience to
come back.
In the coming years, autonomous vehicles have enormous potential
to expand access to transportation, goods, and jobs in several cities.
The best way to do this is to create transportation services that offer
customer-centric experiences at every step of the journey.
The challenges of launching a new mobility service with large-scale
operations will involve fundamental consumer behavior changes: the
exchange of vehicle ownership for vehicle sharing.
This cultural change will require transportation companies to manage
their autonomous fleets based on intelligent technology and a high
utilization rate. Another critical aspect will be creating reliable and
efficient autonomous vehicle services that meet customer
expectations regarding vehicle cleaning, maintenance, recovery, and
durability to earn their loyalty.
It will also be necessary to know how to program the service’s
expansion, defining where and how it will be launched to improve the
customer experience before gaining a local, national, and global
scale.
Our daily relationship with automobiles is about to change. Our user
experience will probably be based on more efficiency and safety
because these autonomous systems will replace much of the
interactions between humans and vehicles. Thus, fewer human
errors, and more accumulated knowledge and experience, wear,
breaks, and failures tend to be less recurrent, impacting the entire
automotive sector.

The impact of Autonomous vehicles on automakers

Since cars were invented more than 100 years ago, the automakers’
business model has hardly changed.
In the last years, engines have become more powerful and efficient.
The design has become more attractive, new safety and
convenience items were added, but, in essence, cars are still quite
similar to those cars sold in the early 20th century.
Now, with autonomous vehicles, will this change? It is going to
change a lot!
For example, in general, a factory produces a car. As we know
today, most of the vehicles pass it on to a final consumer, most of the
time, with a dealership’s intermediation. Then, the following year, the
automaker launches a more modern model and resumes its sales
cycle. This process is about to change heavily with autonomous
cars.
And the way they generate money for automakers , too.
The automobile industry is also known as the industry of industries
, “not only for its size and economic importance but also for all the
impact and influence on numerous areas of the economy such as
commodities, energy, credit, technology, etc. This industry will
changes a lot in the next 10 or 20 years with autonomous car
technology development.
The idea of having a car that drives itself and that can receive
updates during its life cycle turns everything we know about the
automotive industry upside down.

About maintenance of Autonomous vehicles

With full autonomy, driving will be more efficient, reducing the need
for maintenance per kilometer traveled.
There will be less sudden braking, sprinting, unnecessary
accelerations, and impacts with holes and obstacles and fewer
accidents. After all, sensors and actuators are faster and more
accurate than humans.
However, the wear and tear of parts such as shock absorbers, brake
pads and discs, tires, cushions and stops, and the end of the useful
life of items such as filters and fluids, will practically not change — 
they will only reach their most efficient stage.
If, or should I say, when autonomous vehicles adopt electric
motorization, electrical and electronic systems will replace all parts of
fuel injection, combustion, cooling, and exhausting of gases.
Electric vehicles need different maintenance, as they do not deal
with explosions and high temperatures.
But does this mean that the car services and part suppliers will end?
Probably not.
Someone will still need to manufacture all of these parts and get
them to work together. Autonomous Vehicles will always ask for
maintenance s ervices, r eplaced components, and technical and
mechanical improvements will still be in development. Activities such
as design will also continue to advance. But will all this continue to
generate money as before, in a future of autonomous and shared
cars?
We can observe this phenomenon observing millennials; many of
them no longer buy cars, especially in big cities. If you live in a city
like New York, you probably don’t want to pay to park your car or
deal with other problems when you have a car. I live in Wroclaw, in
Poland… and guess… I do not have a car… funny enough for one
who works on disruptive technology as a worldwide leader in the
transportation industry.
The automakers’ business model (making, selling, starting over) may
lose some sense when people stop buying their vehicles so often.
Still, no one is better positioned than automakers today to lead the
(r)evolution of the future vehicles’ manufacture.
What changes with the arrival of autonomous
vehicles on the transport industry chain?
The popularization of autonomous vehicles will revolutionize the
transportation industry in practically all areas.
Here you have some activities that may be affected:

Spare parts market

Even with fewer accidents and more efficient driving, the spare parts
market will always be growing. New vehicles will continue to arrive
from the factories, adding to an existing fleet.
What will change, without a doubt, is the complexity of the types of
parts and their applications, as the diversity of vehicle models tends
to increase, requiring the use of tools that are also more complex, in
addition to other technology items, so that the mechanic will be able
to carry out repairs.
Also, electrical and electronic items like cameras, Lidars, and other
sensors will indeed become more relevant in this market.

Service stations
In addition to servicing vehicles with combustion engines (which will
continue to run for a long time), the service stations will need to
adapt to supply electric recharging services. They will also need to
adjust to receiving autonomous vehicles, with new forms of service
and payment.
Thus, the diversity of services and products sold will increase,
despite the decrease in demand for minor repairs and overhauls,
such as changing oil or filters, at gas stations.

Mechanical workshops
Workshops will change to carry out the maintenance required by
new technologies, with appropriate tools and trained professionals, if
they want to catch the opportunity of expanding their market.
Besides repairs on traditional vehicles, other services will become
more requested, such as the review of embedded electronics
sensors and electrical components.

Vehicle trades
There is a strong tendency for autonomous vehicles to be shared,
accelerating the process of transforming vehicles into services
instead of being consumer goods, as they are today. Thus, the
number of owners will decrease, especially in large cities,
concentrating on fleets.
In this scenario, small and medium auto sales stores will suffer since
acquisitions will take place on a larger scale, probably in direct
negotiations with dealerships or automakers.

Conclusion
With these simple imagination exercises, we can see that the
industry will be touched as a whole. Some actions are already taken
regarding auto repair shops that can facilitate this transition to the
market dominated by independent automobiles. Some others will
take time and depend on how fast the market will react to
autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles are already a reality at
their most basic levels of automation.
Automakers and technology companies have invested a lot to get
their fully autonomous vehicle designs off the ground. Therefore, it is
the best moment to follow this technology’s evolution and to be
prepared for the changes it will bring to our society.
Was this article helpful to you? Want to know more about
autonomous driving technology? Let me know.
By Jair Ribeiro on September 4, 2020 .
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 FOURTEEN INSPIRING AND
INFLUENTIAL WOMEN WHO DEFY THE
GENDER GAP IN DATA SCIENCE!
Just 15% of today’s scientists are women. Like
most STEM fields, data science has a daunting
gender diversity problem. We need to do
something about it.

L
ast week, I was having a “career conversation” with my 13 years
old daughter. Surprisingly, she has shown me a great interest in
Artificial Intelligence and Data. I would not define her as a nerd,
but she always got excellent STEM grades in general.
As a father, I always try to encourage her, mentor her, and support
her in the long way to come when it comes to her career and her
decision, so I will do what it takes to give her all the possible
opportunities to do her experiments until she finds out what it does
for her in the life… but I must confess… there many things we need
to do today to support the career choices of female students.
There is a massive lack of diversity: as few as 15% of data scientists
today are women. And the lack of diversity is a serious issue. A.I.
algorithms are biased, so building them requires a team that includes
a wide range of views and experiences.
Achieving diversity of approaches and viewpoints is critical in
building efficient data science teams. Machine learning algorithms
can occasionally “see” patterns that lead to spurious, biased, or even
dangerous conclusions. It takes a diverse group to ensure that bias-
prone models produce accurate, balanced results. Building such
algorithms can be an art as science.
But as explained by one study of BCG — Boston Consulting Group ,
data science, like most STEM fields, has a daunting problem of
gender diversity.
While women make up about 55% of university graduates across
countries on average, they account for just over one-third of STEM
degrees. (See Exhibit 1.) Only two-thirds of this valuable talent pool
embark on a STEM-related career, such as engineering, analytics,
software development, and even less on a data science career.
According to different surveys, only about 15% to 22% of all data
science professionals are women.
Also, While data scientist is the most promising job position for the
next years, according to Harnham’s Diversity Report 2020–2021 ,
females occupy only 18% of today’s data science roles, and 11% of
data teams don’t have any women at all.

A career disconnection
According to Girls Who Code , during the last 30 years, female
computer science graduates dropped from 37% to 18%. Girls and
STEM-related career paths disconnect before college. 74% of middle
school girls are interested in STEM topics and careers. Still, only
0.4% of high school girls choose computer science for a major
college.
Girls whom Code presents a few reasons why this is the case:
Inherent Bias: The narrative usually defines a “techie” individual as
a geeky computer-tinkering male. This idea seems to influence girls
to turn away from computer science as an option for future studies.
No Early Exposure: The lack of a proper introduction to computing
skills, such as coding or programming, at an early stage can cause a
disconnection between the initial interest in STEM-related topics and
the choice of other career paths.
Confidence Issues: When girls do not have confidence in skills and
potential success, they limit themselves. Internalized stereotypes
can force women to feel they don’t have the “right” knowledge or
skillset for success in the field.
We need more women in Data Science.
Women are more aware of the risks that are a plus in big data.
Women tend to excel in communication, team nurturing, and
problem-solving. They have the natural talent to ask the right
questions and listen to all the data's answers.
Gender diversity can appeal to new customer bases, opening up
untapped business opportunities for companies.
The concept of a data science team is relatively new, so companies
need to hire leaders who can work horizontally and listen to new
ideas.
However, closing the technology gender gap should be about
reaching a certain women-to-men ratio within the field. While
recruitment remains an issue, the focus should be on empowering
women in the area, recognizing their achievements, and reminding
girls and women interested in or entering the field that skills are not
gender-based.
Unfortunately, the gender gap in technology and data science
remains, but bringing more women in isn’t necessarily a push.
Instead, it’s a movement to raise awareness of the current situation,
highlight growth opportunities, and highlight the benefits of gender
diversity.
Women bring a lot, as they always have, to the technology table. But
the support and recognition for what they get will continue to close
the gender gap at a slow, steady pace…

An inspiring list of women in Data Science

As we saw, women are underrepresented in STEM science,
technology, engineering, and math fields. However, being a father of
three amazing daughters and having built my career in the tech
industry, I will keep doing my best to support the increase of the
number of women in Tech, particularly in Data Science.
During my conversations with my daughter, I’ve started to mention
some inspiring women that I’ve been following on the internet due to
their exciting contribution to the community and their inspiring
careers.
Here you have an inspiring list of women’s profiles in Tech that for
sure can inspire many other women in pursuit of a career in A.I.,
Analytics, Big Data, Data Science, Machine Learning, and Robotics
as well.
 FEI-FEI LI
Associate Professor at the C.S. Dept. at Stanford, Director of the
Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab and the Stanford Vision Lab.
Dr. Fei-Fei Li is the inaugural Sequoia Professor in the Computer
Science Department at Stanford University and was the Director of
Stanford’s A.I. Lab from 2013 to 2018.
Dr. Fei-Fei Li is the inventor of ImageNet and the ImageNet
Challenge, a critical large-scale dataset and benchmarking effort. Dr.
Li is also the author of more than 200 scientific articles in top-tier
journals and conferences, with technical contributions as a leading
national voice for advocating diversity in STEM and A.I.
Dr. Li is co-founder and chairperson of the national non-profit AI4ALL
to increase inclusion and diversity in A.I. education.
Dr. Li was Vice President at Google and Chief Scientist of AI/ML at
Google Cloud during her sabbatical.
She works with the world’s most brilliant students and colleagues to
develop smart algorithms that allow computers and robots to see
and think and perform cognitive and neuroimaging experiments to
discover how brains see and think.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/fei-fei-li-4541247/
Twitter: Fei-Fei Li
Follow her on Medium: Fei-Fei Li
 CASSIE KOZYRKOV
Chief Decision Scientist at Google, Inc.
Cassie is Google’s data scientist and pioneer in democratizing
decision intelligence and secure, useful A.I.
Cassie was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and grew up in Port
Elizabeth, South Africa. She studied economics and mathematical
statistics at Nelson Mandela University. Kozyrkov worked as a PM
and researcher at the University of Chicago. In 2016, she was
promoted to Chief Data Scientist in the CTO Office at Google and
later to Chief Decision Scientist in 2017. She focuses on Google is
on applied A.I. and data science process architecture. She has been
a keynote speaker at Web Summit, the world’s largest technology
event. She appeared on the cover of the Forbes AI data science
issue. She was named the LinkedIn #1 Top Voice in Data Science
and Analytics in 2019.
Twitter: @quaesita
Follow her on Medium: Cassie Kozyrkov
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cassie-kozyrkov-9531919/
 ALLIE MILLER
US Head of A.I. Business Development, Startups, and Venture
Capital at AWS, Forbes AI Innovator of the Year.
Allie Miller is Amazon’s U.S. Head of AI Market Growth for Startups
and Venture Capital (AWS), advancing the world’s largest A.I. firms.
Previously, Allie was IBM’s youngest woman ever to create an
artificial intelligence device — spearheading large-scale product
creation through computer vision, conversation, data, and regulation.
She was IBM’s youngest woman to create an artificial intelligence
product. Forbes named Allie and A.I. Summit as 2019’s “A.I.
Innovator of the Year” Allie is also the founder of The A.I. Pipeline to
create more significant equity in ML, a national ambassador at the
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and
an ambassador to 10,000-person Advancing Women in Product
organization. In three national innovation contests, she won the
Grand Prize and spoke about A.I. worldwide. She holds the Wharton
School double-major MBA and Dartmouth College B.A. in Cognitive
Science …
Twitter: https://twitter.com/alliekmiller
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/alliekmiller/
Follow her on Medium: Allie Miller
 ELIZABETH M. ADAMS
Keynote Speaker | U.N. Key Constituent of Roundtable 3C on
Artificial Intelligence| Stanford University Fellow: Race & Technology
| Civic Tech
Elizabeth Adams is a technology integrator, working at the
intersection of Cyber Security, A.I. Ethics, and A.I. Governance. She
also passionately teaches, advice, consults, speaks, and writes on
the critical subjects within Diversity & Inclusion in Artificial
Intelligence. She is a member of the IEEE Global Initiative on Ethics
of Autonomous and Intelligent Systems, helping to build global
standards for A.I. Nudging & Emotion A.I. and an appointed member
of a Racial Equity Community Advisory Committee for the City of
Minneapolis. She’s refined her leadership acumen in tech design by
leading various technology initiatives in the Washington D.C. metro
area.
She has refined her leadership acumen in tech design over the past
20 years by heading numerous technology projects in the
Washington D.C. Tube region. Returning to Minnesota's home state,
she remains committed to embedding ethics and human-
centeredness into artificial intelligence systems and still takes time to
fulfill her passion for lifting other women in Tech.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lizadams/
 TAMARA MCCLEARY
CEO at Thulium
Tamara McCleary is the CEO of Thulium.
She harnesses artificial intelligence, machine learning, data, and
analytics to drive smart social in the B2B and enterprise space.
She has been featured multiple times in Forbes for her pioneering
influencer marketing strategies on social media.
She is a technology futurist, host of podcasts, TechUnknown and
SAP Industries Live, keynote speaker, and unique advisor to leading
tech companies.
LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/tamaramccleary/
Twitter : @TamaraMcCleary
 CARLA GENTRY
Data Scientist
Carla was daunting to be a single mother with two sons, but she
never backed a challenge.
Eager to learn and develop, she joined Chattanooga’s Tennessee
University in spring 1993. She worked for UTC in the Developmental
Math Lab, helping students in all stages of mathematics.
After graduating from UTC with a dual major, Applied Mathematics
and Economics, in 1998, she moved to Chicago to begin her
analytics career.
Carla has over 19 years of experience working with several Fortune
100 and 500 businesses.
She serves as a liaison between the I.T. department and executive
staff, taking complex databases, deciphering market needs, and
returning with intelligence that quantifies investment, benefit, and
patterns.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/datanerd13
Twitter: @d ata_nerd
Follow her on Medium: Carla Gentry
 DANIELLE BELGRAVE
Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research.
Danielle Belgrave is Principal Research Manager at Microsoft. She
works on integrating expert scientific knowledge to develop
probabilistic machine learning models. Most of her work has focused
on developing models to understand disease heterogeneity in the
context of asthma.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danielle-belgrave-704157107/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/DaniCMBelg
 KRISTEN KEHRER
Machine Learning Storyteller, Founder of Data Moves Me, and Data
Science Instructor at UC Berkeley Extension
# 8 Global 2018 LinkedIn Top Voice — Data Science & Analytics.
Kristen is currently a Data Science teacher at UC Berkeley
Extension, Faculty / SME at Emeritus Management Institute, and
Data Moves Me Founder, LLC. Kristen has provided creative and
actionable machine learning solutions across various sectors,
including infrastructure, healthcare, and eCommerce, since 2010.
Kristen holds an M.S. at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Applied
Statistics and a B.S. in Mathematics.
LinkedIn:
Twitter: @DataMovesHer
 JOY BUOLAMWINI
Algorithmic Bias Researcher | Poet of Code |
Joy Buolamwini uses art and research to illuminate the social
implications of artificial intelligence. She founded the Algorithmic
Justice League to create a world with more equitable and
accountable technology. Fortune Magazine named her to their 2019
list of the world’s most outstanding leaders, describing her as “the
conscience of the A.I. Revolution” She serves on the Global Tech
Panel convened by the vice president of the European Commission
to advise world leaders and technology executives on ways to
reduce the harms of A.A. technology. In late 2018 in partnership with
the Georgetown Law Center on Privacy and Technology, Joy
launched the Safe Face Pledge, the first agreement of its kind that
prohibits the killer application of facial analysis and recognition
technology. She holds two master’s degrees from Oxford University
and MIT; and a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Georgia
Institute of Technology.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/buolamwini/
 CHIP HUYEN
Machine Learning Engineer and Open Source Lead at Snorkel AI
Chip Huyen is a computer scientist and writer at a startup that
focuses on the machine learning production pipeline in Silicon Valley.
She helped launch Coc Coc — Vietnam’s second most popular web
browser with 20+ million monthly active users.
LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/chiphuyen/
Twitter : @chipro
Follow her on Medium : Chip Huyen
 FAY COBB PAYTON
Program Director at National Science Foundation; (Full Tenured)
Professor of I.T./Analytics; ACM Education Advisory Board
Fay researches health care, UX design, the bias in computing/I.T.
participation, data management and analytics, social & digital
inclusion, and others. Her specialties include Health Informatics,
Bias in Tech, Social Media, Program Evaluation, Curricula
Development, Health Disparities, STEM/ STEM (+Arts) & Workforce
Development. She works with I.T. industry professionals interested in
retaining, sustaining, and mentoring people of color and executive
leadership roles. She has visited 30 U.S. higher education
institutions and several in Ghana to shadow executive leadership
team members. She was an American Council on Education Fellow,
which involved my participation in an academic college review team.
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/cobbpayton/
 KATE CRAWFORD
Co-founder of A.I. Now Institute, Senior Principal Researcher MSR,
and Distinguished Research Professor at NYU
Kate Crawford is a professor and leading researcher studying data
systems' social implications, machine learning, and artificial
intelligence.
Also, she collaborates at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris,
where she is the inaugural Visiting Chair for A.I. and Justice. At New
York University, she is the co-founder of the A.I. Now Institute.
She has advised policymakers in the White House, the Federal
Trade Commission, the United Nations, and the City of New York.
She co-founded the Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and
Ethics (FATE) group at Microsoft.
As a writer, she collaborates with The New York Times, The Atlantic,
The Wall Street Journal, and Harper’s Magazine.
She also is a member of the World Economic Forum’s A.I. and
Robotics Future Council.
Twitter: KateCrawford
 DR. RENATA AFI RAWLINGS-GOSS
Executive Director of the South Big Data Innovation Hub | Author |
Data Career Coach
Renata Rawlings-Goss is a biophysicist by training. She is the
founding Executive Director of the South Big Data Innovation Hub,
whose mission is to catalyze partnerships among universities,
industry, and government around Big Data, Data Science, and the
“Internet of Things” She was awarded the first cohort of AAAS Big
Data Policy Fellows supporting congress and the federal
government. She was instrumental in creating the National Data
Science Organizers group (NDSO.io) and implementing the NSF’s
priority goal to increase the U.S. workforce in data science. She also
serves as the President/ CEO of Good with Data, LLC, which runs
The Data Career Academy. She pursues efforts to increase the
participation of women and under-represented minorities in STEAM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, Art/Design, and Math)
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/afiimani/

Conclusion
As an Artificial Intelligence evangelist and a very data-oriented
person myself, I will be thrilled if my daughter will decide to pursue a
career in data science, information technology, engineering, or
something that might help minimize the gender gap.
I hope the interactions we have and the software experiments we do
while we’re together will positively affect how she, now and in the
future, perceives and uses technology.
I think it’s also crucial for young girls like my daughters to be
exposed to positive examples of women in Tech, showing them
technology as something they can be users and designers or
builders. I point out these women to my daughter in our everyday
lives, and these awesome women are some examples in this post.

Read more about it…

Here you have a list of other prominent resources for female support
in data science and computing below.
Women in Data Science (WiDS) Conference aims to inspire and
educate data scientists worldwide, regardless of gender. WiDS
started as a one-day technical conference at Stanford in November
2015. Five years later, the WiDS is a global movement that includes
several initiatives.
Harvard’s Women in Computer Science (WiCS) Advocacy Council 
— A very active community of faculty and students at Harvard
University aiming to understand and reduce the technology gender
gap.
Girls Who Code  — GWC is a non-profit organization that inspires
high-school girls to pursue opportunities in the computing field.
National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT)  — A
non-profit community of universities, companies, non-profits, and
government organizations that aims to increase women’s
engagement in computing science and technology.
Women in Big Data Forum  — This is an active LinkedIn forum to
promote diversity in the big data industry by mentoring and peer
participation.
Progressive Women’s Leadership  — A resource center that aims to
foster women’s leadership in the workplace.
By Jair Ribeiro on September 28, 2020 .
Canonical link
22 - Technology vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 WHAT IS REINFORCEMENT LEARNING,
AND NINE EXAMPLES OF WHAT YOU
CAN DO WITH IT?
As part of my new series Short Stories, I will
explore some interesting topics in an overview
mode, starting from Reinforcement…

R
einforcement Learning is a subset of machine learning. It
enables an agent to learn through the consequences of actions
in a specific environment. It can be used to teach a robot new
tricks, for example.
Reinforcement learning is a behavioral learning model where the
algorithm provides data analysis feedback, directing the user to the
best result.
It differs from other forms of supervised learning because the sample
data set does not train the machine. Instead, it learns by trial and
error. Therefore, a series of right decisions would strengthen the
method as it better solves the problem.
Reinforced learning is similar to what we humans have when we are
children. We all went through the learning reinforcement — when you
started crawling and tried to get up, you fell over and over, but your
parents were there to lift you and teach you.
It is teaching based on experience, in which the machine must deal
with what went wrong before and look for the right approach.
Although we don’t describe the reward policy — that is, the game
rules — we don’t give the model any tips or advice on how to solve
the game. It is up to the model to figure out how to execute the task
to optimize the reward, beginning with random testing and
sophisticated tactics.
By exploiting research power and multiple attempts, reinforcement
learning is the most successful way to indicate computer
imagination. Unlike humans, artificial intelligence will gain knowledge
from thousands of side games. At the same time, a reinforcement
learning algorithm runs on robust computer infrastructure.
An example of reinforced learning is the recommendation on
Youtube, for example. After watching a video, the platform will show
you similar titles that you believe you will like. However, suppose you
start watching the recommendation and do not finish it. In that case,
the machine understands that the recommendation would not be a
good one and will try another approach next time.

Reinforcement Learning Challenges

Reinforcement learning’s key challenge is to plan the simulation
environment, which relies heavily on the task to be performed. When
trained in Chess, Go, or Atari games, the simulation environment
preparation is relatively easy. Building a model capable of driving an
autonomous car is key to creating a realistic prototype before letting
the car ride the street. The model must decide how to break or
prevent a collision in a safe environment. Transferring the model
from the training setting to the real world becomes problematic.
Scaling and modifying the agent’s neural network is another
problem. There is no way to connect with the network except by
incentives and penalties. This may lead to disastrous forgetfulness.
Gaining new information causes some of the ancient knowledge to
be removed from the network. In other words, we must keep learning
in the agent’s “memory.”
Another difficulty is reaching a great location — that is, the agent
executes the mission as it is, but not in the ideal or required manner.
A “hopper” jumping like a kangaroo instead of doing what is
expected of him is a perfect example. Finally, some agents can
maximize the prize without completing their mission
Applications areas of Reinforcement Learning
Games

RL is so well known today because it is the conventional algorithm

used to solve different games and sometimes achieve superhuman
performance.
The most famous must be AlphaGo and AlphaGo Zero . AlphaGo,
trained with countless human games, has achieved superhuman
performance using the Monte Carlo tree value research and value
network (MCTS) in its policy network. However, the researchers tried
a purer approach to RL — training it from scratch. The researchers
left the new agent, AlphaGo Zero, to play alone and finally defeat
AlphaGo 100–0.
Personalized Recommendations

The work of news recommendations has always faced several

challenges, including the dynamics of rapidly changing news, users
who tire easily, and the Click Rate that cannot reflect the user
retention rate. Guanjie et al. applied RL to the news recommendation
system in a document entitled “DRN: A Deep Reinforcement
Learning Framework for News Recommendation” to tackle problems.
In practice, they built four categories of resources, namely: A) user
resources, B) context resources such as environment state
resources, C) user news resources, and D) news resources such as
action resources. The four resources were inserted into the Deep Q-
Network (DQN) to calculate the Q value. A news list was chosen to
recommend based on the Q value, and the user’s click on the news
was part of the reward the RL agent received.
The authors also employed other techniques to solve other
challenging problems, including memory repetition, survival models,
Dueling Bandit Gradient Descent, and so on.
Resource Management In Computer Clusters
Designing algorithms to allocate limited resources to different tasks
is challenging and requires human-generated heuristics.
The article “Resource management with deep reinforcement learning
” explains how to use RL to automatically learn how to allocate and
schedule computer resources for jobs on hold to minimize the
average job (task) slowdown.
The state-space was formulated as the current resource allocation
and the resource profile of jobs. For the action space, they used a
trick to allow the agent to choose more than one action at each stage
of time. The reward was the sum of (-1 / job duration) across all jobs
in the system. Then they combined the REINFORCE algorithm and
the baseline value to calculate the policy gradients and find the best
policy parameters that provide the probability distribution of the
actions to minimize the objective.
Traffic Light Control

In the article “Multi-agent system based on reinforcement learning to

control network traffic signals ,” the researchers tried to design a
traffic light controller to solve the congestion problem. Tested only in
a simulated environment, their methods showed results superior to
traditional methods and shed light on multi-agent RL’s possible uses
in traffic systems design.
Five agents were placed in the five intersections traffic network, with
an RL agent at the central intersection to control traffic signaling. The
state was defined as an eight-dimensional vector, with each element
representing the relative traffic flow of each lane. Eight options were
available to the agent, each representing a combination of phases.
The reward function was defined as a reduction in delay compared
to the previous step. The authors used DQN to learn the Q value of
{state, action} pairs.

Robotics

There is an incredible job in the application of RL in robotics. We

recommend reading this paper with the result of RL research in
robotics. In this other work , the researchers trained a robot to learn
policies to map raw video images to the robot’s actions. The RGB
images were fed into a CNN, and the outputs were the engine
torques. The RL component was policy research guided to generate
training data from its state distribution.
Web Systems Configuration

There are more than 100 configurable parameters in a Web System.

The process of adjusting the parameters requires a qualified
operator and several tracking and error tests.
The article “A learning approach by reinforcing the self-configuration
of the online Web system ” showed the first attempt in the domain on
how to autonomously reconfigure parameters in multi-layered web
systems in dynamic VM-based environments.
The reconfiguration process can be formulated as a finite MDP. The
state-space was the system configuration; the action space was
{increase, decrease, maintain} for each parameter. The reward was
defined as the difference between the intended response time and
the measured response time. The authors used the Q-learning
algorithm to perform the task.
Although the authors used some other technique, such as policy
initialization, to remedy the large state space and the computational
complexity of the problem, instead of the potential combinations of
RL and neural network, it is believed that the pioneering work
prepared the way for future research in this area…

Chemistry

RL can also be applied to optimize chemical reactions. Researchers

have shown that their model has outdone a state-of-the-art algorithm
and generalized it to different underlying mechanisms in the article
“Optimizing chemical reactions with deep reinforcement learning .”
Combined with LSTM to model the policy function, agent RL
optimized the chemical reaction with the Markov decision process
(MDP) characterized by {S, A, P, R}, where S was the set of
experimental conditions ( such as temperature, pH, etc.), A was the
set of all possible actions that can change the experimental
conditions, P was the probability of transition from the current
condition of the experiment to the next condition and R was the
reward that is a function of the state.
The application is excellent for demonstrating how RL can reduce
time and trial and error work in a relatively stable environment.

Auctions And Advertising

Researchers at Alibaba Group published the article “Real-time

auctions with multi-agent reinforcement learning in display
advertising .” They stated that their cluster-based distributed multi-
agent solution (DCMAB) has achieved promising results and,
therefore, plans to test the Taobao platform’s life.
Generally speaking, the Taobao ad platform is a place for marketers
to bid to show ads to customers. This can be a problem for many
agents because traders bid against each other, and their actions are
interrelated. In the article, merchants and customers were grouped
into different groups to reduce computational complexity. The agents’
state-space indicated the agents’ cost-revenue status. The action
space was the (continuous) bid, and the reward was the customer
cluster’s revenue.

Deep Learning

More and more attempts to combine RL and other deep learning

architectures can be seen recently and have shown impressive
results.
One of RL’s most influential jobs is Deepmind’s pioneering work to
combine CNN with RL . In doing so, the agent can “see” the
environment through high-dimensional sensors and then learn to
interact with it.
RL and RNN are other combinations used by people to try new
ideas. RNN is a type of neural network that has “memories.” When
combined with RL, RNN offers agents the ability to memorize things.
For example, they combined LSTM with RL to create a deep
recurring Q network (DRQN) for playing Atari 2600 games. They
also used RNN and RL to solve problems in optimizing chemical
reactions.
Deepmind showed how to use generative models and RL to
generate programs. In the model, the adversely trained agent used
the signal as a reward for improving actions, rather than propagating
gradients to the entry space as in GAN training. Incredible, isn’t it?

Conclusion: When should you use RL?

Reinforcement is done with rewards according to the decisions
made; it is possible to learn continuously from interactions with the
environment at all times. With each correct action, we will have
positive rewards and penalties for incorrect decisions. This learning
type can help optimize processes, simulations, monitoring,
maintenance, and autonomous systems control in the industry.
Some criteria can be used in deciding where to use reinforcement
learning:
When you want to do some simulations given the
complexity, or even the level of danger, of a given process.
To increase the number of human analysts and domain
experts on a given problem. This type of approach can
imitate human reasoning instead of learning the best
possible strategy .
When you have a good reward definition for the learning
algorithm, you can calibrate correctly with each interaction
to have more positive than negative rewards.
When you have little data about a particular problem.

In addition to industry, reinforcement learning is used in various

fields such as education, health, finance, image, and text
recognition.

Resources
here you have some relevant resources which will help you to
understand better this topic:
 1. Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) — Structuring a
Reinforcement Learning Problem
2. RL Course by David Silver — Lecture 2: Markov Decision
Process
3. Reinforcement Learning Demystified: Markov Decision
Processes (Part 1)
4. Reinforcement Learning Demystified: Markov Decision
Processes (Part 2)
5. What is reinforcement learning? The complete guide
6. Reinforcement learning
7. Applications of Reinforcement Learning in Real World
8. Practical Recommendations for Gradient-Based Training of
Deep Architectures
9. Gradient-Based Learning Applied to Document Recognition
10. Neural Networks & The Backpropagation Algorithm,
Explained
11. A recurrent neural network-based language model
12. The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining,
Inference, and Prediction, Second Edition
13. Gradient Descent For Machine Learning
14. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

By Jair Ribeiro on October 23, 2020 .

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23 - School vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 WHAT IS LOBE, AND HOW IS
MICROSOFT TRYING TO MAKE AI
MAINSTREAM?
Microsoft released a free public preview of a
tool that lets people train AI models without
writing a single line of code.

A
I and Machine Learning are complex. We must admit it. And
they require advanced knowledge and experience, but today
Microsoft started to change this scenario with a very user-
friendly tool called Lobe , a free software framework that allows
anyone to create machine learning models — no technical skills
needed.
Cloud computing, general-purpose GPUs, increased availability of
large data sets, and advances in deep learning, a subset of AI
machine learning, have sparked a modern AI gold rush. However,
the technology's complexity remains an entry barrier for many.
The idea behind Lobe is not new. It started in August 2016 by Mike
Matas , Adam Menges , and Markus Beissinger . In September
2018, Microsoft acquired AI startup Lobe to allow anyone to create
artificial intelligence.

What is Lobe?
Lobe is a Windows or Mac desktop software program that allows
everyone to create machine-learning models for image classification.
It lets you build machine learning models with the help of a simple
drag-and-drop interface.
The steps are simple — create a dataset using a web camera or
existing images, mark the categories, train the model, evaluate
outcomes, then run the model.
Once the model is developed, you can export it to several platforms.
Lobe models can be exported as TensorFlow 1.15 SavedModel , a
standard format used in Python applications running TensorFlow 1.x
or hosted on AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure.
Lobe supports Apple iOS to build iOS, iPad, and Mac apps through
Core ML. Exports to TensorFlow Lite support Android / Raspberry Pi
smartphone and IoT applications. Lobe supports local, spreadsheet,
and photos, and it offers Python and. NET APIs for exports.

What can you do with Lobe?

Microsoft says early users used Lobe to create apps that recognize
dangerous plants, detect beehive invaders like wasps, or send
warnings when they mistakenly left their garage door open.
Lobe‘s classification models can be used in many ways. Examples
include teaching the software to differentiate toxic from non-toxic
plants, responding with emojis to facial expressions, and validating
mask wear.
Currently, Lobe supports only image classification projects. Still, I
can imagine that object detection, and data classification models can
be released in the future.

Conclusion
With Lobe‘s release to the general public today, Microsoft has taken
the first step in taking machine learning to the masses — a change
that will accelerate AI from B2B to mainstream customers.
Now, everyone has access to machine learning skills and can create
models without needing any technical knowledge.
Could it represent a new step towards artificial intelligence
democratization?
Read more about it…
If you want to read more about Lobe, Artificial Intelligence, and Data
Science, here you have some other articles I’ve written about it:

Microsoft just added 3 interesting new Features to

Lobe.
Microsoft just released a new version of its tool that lets
you train AI models without writing a single line of code.
jairribeiro.medium.com
23 Amazing Youtube Channels for you to Learn AI,
Machine Learning, and Data Science for Free…
This is the perfect moment to start learning something new,
and why not start with AI? medium.com
Google Objectron — A giant leap for the 3D object
detection
Google has just announced the launch of MediaPipe
Objectron, its mobile technology for real-time detection of
3D… towardsdatascience.com

By Jair Ribeiro on October 27, 2020 .

Canonical link
24 Social media vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 THE MOST IMPRESSIVE YOUTUBE
CHANNELS FOR YOU TO LEARN AI,
MACHINE LEARNING, AND DATA
SCIENCE.
This is the perfect moment to start learning
something new, and why not start with AI?

I
know the pandemic is keeping everyone at home, home working
is becoming the new normal for many of us. It is hard to find good
presential training these days, but it does not mean that you need
to stop learning!
I would say that this is the perfect moment to start learning
something new , and why not start with Data Science ?
Data Science is a great area to develop your skills today. It combines
statistics, Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence (Machine Learning),
and data.
You will analyze data, find patterns, make predictions, and help
companies solve business problems.
Data Science is a multidisciplinary area focused on data analysis
and Machine Learning. This work can feed a web application, for
example, but the Data Scientist’s job is the analysis and predictive
modeling.
The Future of Jobs Reports 2020 edition shows industry-wide
parallels while looking at increasingly strategic and increasingly
redundant jobs.
Roles, including Data Analysts and Data Scientists , AI and
Machine Learning Specialists , Robotics Engineers , and Digital
Transformation Specialists, are the leaders in the growing demand
for the next future. These are an expanding field of knowledge that
has been playing an enormous role in society.
I have selected the best AI, Machine Learning, and Data Science
channels on YouTube that I’ve been using a lot during the last
years.
You can still use this crazy 2020 to learn Artificial Intelligence ,
Python Programming , Machine Learning , Artificial Intelligence
, and data science.
SpringBoar D

This channel publishes interviews with data scientists from big

companies like Google, Uber, Airbnb, etc. From these videos, you
can get an idea of what it is like to be a data scientist and acquire
valuable advice to apply in your life.
Springboard
Learn online with a job guarantee. Get a job or your money back.
Break into data science, UX design, and more… www.youtube.com

Arxiv Insight S

Xander Steenbrugge is a machine learning researcher at ML6. His

YouTube channel summarizes the critical points about machine
learning, reinforcement learning, and AI in general from a technical
perspective while making them accessible for a bigger audience.
Arxiv Insights
My name is Xander Steenbrugge, and I read a ton of papers on
Machine Learning and AI. But papers can be a bit dry &…
www.youtube.com

Machine Learning 10 1

A new ML Youtube channel that everyone should check out,

Machine Learning 101 posts explainer videos on beginner AI
concepts. The channel also posts podcasts with expert data
scientists and professionals working on AI in commercial industries.
Machine Learning 101
This channel was made for two main purposes: to help beginners
learn about data science and to help machine learning…
www.youtube.com.

FreeCodeCam P

FreeCodeCamp is an incredible non-profit organization. It is an

open-source community that offers a collection of resources that
helps people learn to code for free and create their projects. Its
website is entirely free for anyone to learn about coding. Also, they
have their news platform that shares articles on programming and
projects.
freeCodeCamp.org
Learn to code for free. www.youtube.com

Data Schoo L

Kevin Markham creates in-depth YouTube tutorials to understand AI

and machine learning. Data School focuses on the topics you need
to master first and offers in-depth tutorials that you can understand
regardless of your educational background.
Data School
Are you trying to learn data science so that you can get your first
data science job? You're probably confused about…
www.youtube.com.
 Machine Learning T V

Machine Learning TV has resources for computer science students

and enthusiasts to understand machine learning better.
Machine Learning TV
This channel is all about machine learning (ML). It contains all the
useful resources which help ML lovers and computer…
www.youtube.com

Giant Neural Networ K

This YouTube channel aims to make machine learning and

reinforcement learning more approachable for everyone. There is a
12 video playlist for a full-introduction to neural networks for
beginners. It seems a subsequent intermediate neural network
series is currently in production.
giant_neural_network
Contact: [email protected] Discord:
https://discord.gg/akUgSGj Making machine learning and
reinforcement… www.youtube.com

Andreas Kret Z

Andreas Kretz is a data engineer and founder of Plumbers of Data

Science. He broadcasts live tutorials on his channel on how to get
hands-on experience in data engineering and videos with questions
and answers about data engineering with Hadoop, Kafka, Spark, and
so on.
Andreas Kretz
I help you get into data engineering, the plumbing of data science.
Building up big data platforms. Home of the… www.youtube.com

Edureka !

Edureka is an e-learning platform with several tutorials and

guidelines on trending topics in the areas of Big Data & Hadoop,
DevOps, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Angular, Data Science,
Apache Spark, Python, Selenium, Tableau, Android, PMP
certification, AWS Architect, Digital Marketing and many more.
edureka!
Thank you for Subscribing! If you have not, Subscribe now! We are a
live & interactive e-learning platform with the… www.youtube.com
Andrew N G

Ng was named one of Time’s 100 Most Influential People in 2012

and Fast Company’s Most Creed. He co-founded Coursera and
deeplearning.ai and was a former vice president and chief scientist
at Baidu. He is an adjunct professor at Stanford University.
Andrew Ng
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and
share it all with friends, family, and the world on… www.youtube.com

Deeplearning.A I

The official Deep Learning AI YouTube channel has video tutorials

from the deep learning specialization on Coursera. Founded by
Andrew Ng, DeepLearning.AI is an education technology company
that develops a global AI talent community.
DeepLearning.AI’s expert-led educational experiences provide AI
practitioners and non-technical professionals with the necessary
tools to go all the way from foundational basics to advanced
application, empowering them to build an AI-powered future.
Deeplearning.ai
Welcome to the official deeplearning.ai Youtube channel! Here you
can find the videos from our Deep Learning… www.youtube.com

Tech With Ti M

Tech With Tim is a brilliant programmer who teaches Python, game

development with Pygame, Java, and Machine Learning. He creates
high-level coding tutorials in Python.
Tech With Tim
Python Programming, Game Development, Pygame, Java Tutorials,
and Machine Learning. This is a list of a few of the…
www.youtube.com

Machine Learning University (MLU )

Created in 2016, Machine Learning University (MLU) is an initiative

by Amazon with a direct objective: to train as many employees as
possible to master the technology, essential for the company to
achieve the “magic” of offering products with this integrated
technology.
Machine Learning University
Welcome to the channel for Machine Learning University! Our
mission is to make machine learning accessible to anyone…
www.youtube.com
 Artificial Intelligence — All In On E

This YouTube channel has tutorial videos related to science,

technology, and artificial intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence - All in One
All video tutorials related to science and technology will be updated
here. LIKE, SUBSCRIBE, SHARE to distribute it…
www.youtube.com

Sentde X

Sentdex creates one of the best Python programming tutorials on

YouTube. His tutorials range from beginners to more advanced. With
more than 1000 videos about Python Programming tutorials, it goes
further than just the basics. You can learn about machine learning,
finance, data analysis, robotics, web development, game
development, and more.
sentdex
Python Programming tutorials, going further than just the basics.
Learn about machine learning, finance, data analysis…
www.youtube.com

Joma Tec H

Joma Tech is a YouTuber who makes videos to help people get into
the technology industry. He worked for large technology companies
as a data scientist and software engineer. Based on his experience,
he makes videos of interviews with experts and lifestyle in Silicon
Valley and makes data science more accessible.
Joma Tech
I talk about life in Silicon Valley, big tech companies, data science,
and software engineering. Joma Startup: A web… www.youtube.com

Python Programme R

Python Programmer content includes tutorials on Python, Data

Science, Machine Learning, book recommendations, and more.
Python Programmer
Hi, I'm Giles McMullen-Klein, and this is my YouTube channel. My
degree was in physics, which is my main interest, but…
www.youtube.com

Deep Learning T V

This YouTube channel features topics such as how-to’s, reviews of

software libraries and applications, and interviews with key
individuals in the field of deep learning. DeepLearning.TV is all about
Deep Learning, the field of study that teaches machines to perceive
the world. Starting with a series that simplifies Deep Learning, the
channel features topics such as How To’s, reviews of software
libraries and applications, and interviews with key individuals in the
field. Through a series of concept videos showcasing the intuition
behind every Deep Learning method, we will show you that Deep
Learning is simpler than you think.
DeepLearning.TV
DeepLearning.TV is all about Deep Learning, the field of study that
teaches machines to perceive the world. Starting…
www.youtube.com

Google Cloud Platfor M

YouTube videos to help you build what’s next with secure

infrastructure, developer tools, APIs, data analytics, and machine
learning, Helping you build what’s next with secure infrastructure,
developer tools, APIs, data analytics, and machine learning.
Google Cloud Platform
Helping you build what's next with secure infrastructure, developer
tools, APIs, data analytics, and machine learning…
www.youtube.com

Keith Gall I

Keith Galli is a recent graduate from MIT . He makes educational

videos about computer science, programming, board games, and
more.
Keith Galli
Recent MIT Graduate. I make educational videos on Computer
Science, Programming, Board Games, and more! I found online…
www.youtube.com

Data Science Doj O

Data Science Dojo is a channel that promises to teach data science

to everyone in an easy to understand way. You will find a multitude of
tutorials, lectures, and courses on data engineering and science.
Data Science Dojo
At Data Science Dojo, we believe data science is for everyone. Our
in-person data science Bootcamp has been attended by…
www.youtube.com

Bonus
TechnoBoti C

This is a very nice Youtube Channel for Machine Learning, Data

Science, and Artificial Intelligence. The videos are about AI and ML
basics as well as Advanced Concepts.
In this channel, The author summarizes his core learnings from a
practical and usability perspective while making them accessible for
a larger audience. If you love Machine Learning, Data Science, and
Artificial Intelligence, this channel is for you.

StatQues T

StatQuest breaks down complicated Statistics and Machine Learning

methods into small, bite-sized pieces that are easy to understand.
StatQuest doesn’t dumb down the material. Instead, it builds you up
to have a better understanding of Statistics and Machine Learning.
Statistics, Machine Learning, and Data Science can sometimes
seem like very scary topics, but since each technique is…
www.youtube.com
 Yannic Kilche R

Yannic makes videos about machine learning research papers,

programming, and issues of the AI community and the broader
impact of AI in society.
I make videos about machine learning research papers,
programming, and issues of the AI community and the broader…
www.youtube.com
Conclusion

These channels are unique. I’ve been following all of them for a long
time. I’m always fascinated by the tremendous amount of knowledge
we can get today online for free.
I hope you enjoy it. If you know any other engaging YouTube
channels about AI, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, or Data
Science, leave it in the comments!

Read more about it…

If you want to go further on your learning journey, I’ve prepared for
you a great list with more than 60 training courses about AI ,
Machine Learning , Deep Learning , and Data Science that you
can do right now for free:

The best free courses to learn AI, ML, and Data

Science today.
More than 60 courses with ratings and a summary (Made
by AI, of course). jairribeiro.medium.com
Is it the end of the work as we know it?
A brief analysis of the report Future of Job 2020 by the
World Economic Forum medium.com

By Jair Ribeiro on November 2, 2020 .

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25 - Business vector created by pch.vector - www.freepik.com
 EUROPE LEADS THE WAY ON SET
RULES FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

A
framework to balance between protecting citizens and fostering
technological development.
The EU has released recommendations on artificial intelligence
regulation to balance protecting customers and to promote
technological growth. These include an agreement on IP problems, a
development ethics policy, and liability rules setting penalties of up to
€ 2 million and a 30-year limitation period for such claims.
In this article, I propose a summary of key proposals.
These are amongst the first detailed legislative proposals to be
published internationally, making for interesting reading for
stakeholders worldwide. The recommendations cover three areas:
an ethics framework for AI
liability for AI causing damage
intellectual property rights

For AI product producers, these ideas merit careful consideration.

Specifically, those running “high-risk” AI face the possibility of a
rigorous new regulatory regime. Next year, the European
Commission said it would issue draft regulations on AI.
The Commission could well adopt any of the European Parliament’s
proposals, or variants on them. Affected stakeholders will have
opportunities to engage with any new AI laws during the normal
legislative process. Still, efforts to understand how these proposals
could affect your company should start now.

An ethics framework for AI

The legislative initiative by Iban García del Blanco (S&D, ES) urges
the EU Commission to present a new legal framework outlining the
ethical principles and legal obligations to be followed when
developing, deploying, and using artificial intelligence, robotics, and
related technologies in the EU including software, algorithms, and
data.
Future laws should be made following several guiding principles,
including a human-centric and human-made AI, safety, transparency,
and accountability; safeguards against bias and discrimination; right
to redress; social and environmental responsibility; and respect for
privacy data protection.
High-risk AI technologies, such as those with self-learning
capacities, should be designed to allow for human oversight at any
time.
Suppose functionality is used to result in a severe breach of ethical
principles and could be dangerous. In that case, the self-learning
capacities should be disabled, and full human control should be
restored.

Liability for AI causing damage

Axel Voss (EPP, DE) ‘s legislative initiative calls for a future-oriented
civil liability framework, making those operating high-risk AI strictly
liable for any resulting damage. A clear legal framework would
stimulate innovation by providing businesses with legal certainty
while protecting citizens and promoting their trust in AI technologies
by deterring activities that might be dangerous.
The rules should apply to physical or virtual AI activity that harms or
damages life, health, physical integrity, property, or that causes
significant immaterial harm if it results in “verifiable economic loss.”
While high-risk AI technologies are still rare, MEPs believe that their
operators should hold insurance similar to that used for motor
vehicles.

Intellectual property rights

The report by Stéphane Séjourné (Renew Europe, FR) makes clear
that EU global leadership in AI requires a significant intellectual
property rights system (IPR) and safeguards for the EU’s patent
system to protect innovative developers while stressing that this
should not come at the expense of human creators’ interests, nor the
European Union’s ethical principles.
MEPs believe it is essential to distinguish between AI-assisted
human creations and AI-generated creations. They specify that AI
should not have a legal personality; thus, ownership of IPRs should
only be granted to humans. The text looks further into copyright, data
collection, trade secrets, the use of algorithms, and deep fakes.

Conclusion
With this framework, the European Parliament is among the first
institutions to put forward recommendations on what AI rules should
include ethics, liability, and intellectual property rights.
Future laws should be made following several guiding principles,
including a human-centric and human-made AI.

More information:
Further detail on the proposals can be found in the press release ,
legislative proposals for the ethics framework , and liability for AI ,
and the resolution for IP rights .
By Jair Ribeiro on November 3, 2020 .
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26- Blue vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 A GENTLE INTRODUCTION TO DATA
LITERACY

D
ata literacy is a relatively recent trend that simultaneously in
business that making informed decisions. Let’s find out more
about it.
With the evolution of Artificial Intelligence and other technological
innovations, many companies neglect what remains the main asset
of any business: its human capital. Humans generate data; data is
the new oil ; it is the new currency .
If you have the impression that you hear it before… The phrase
“data is the new oil” is not mine.. but it was said — and has been
repeated since it was coined by the British mathematician Clive
Humby in 2006 — to denote this value and power in the data in our
business lives.
Data is not just numbers; they are texts, videos, images, audios, and
all kinds of information encoded. Data are even people. The
combination of millions, billions, trillions of information make up what
we call Big Data.

What is Data Literacy

Data literacy is a relatively new concept that emerged
simultaneously in companies using business intelligence to make
better decisions.
It’s the idea that everyone should know how to make decisions with
data to perform their function to the fullest.
Gartner defines data literacy as “the ability to read, write and
communicate data in context, including an understanding of data
sources and constructs, analytical methods and techniques applied 
— and the ability to describe the use case, application and resulting
value.”
Data literacy is a perfect analogy to a person’s literacy process in
their mother tongue: it requires effort, repetition, reading,
accompanying professionals in the field, interest … But, once this
step is taken, the process flows. And when people are literate, they
read, write, work, communicate, think, reason, and argue in that
language. Data literacy works the same way.
The data has no meaning in itself. Like a letter or a number, you can
take the data out of context and make it almost meaningless.
A routine but straightforward example : a Google search with only
the word “Plant.” The results are disconnected and varied,
mentioning: planting soybeans, planting a banana tree, planting a
chip, how to plant a tree … So, it is necessary to contextualize and
specify the searches so that the data found are more assertive and
accurate.
Data  — without the interpretation of people  — has no meaning in
itself . It is the combination of human reasoning ability with artificial
intelligence that generates some conclusions about the information.
Although data analysis can provide a significant differential for the
organization in several aspects, one must not lose sight of what is
behind all this, precisely the people.
Data scientist and analyst Susan Etlinger speak in her TED talk: “We
have the opportunity to give the data meaning by ourselves. Frankly,
data does not create these senses, we do”. And how can we create
these meanings for the data?
“We are not passive consumers of data and technology. We shape
the role they play in our lives and the way we give meaning to them.
But to do that, we need to pay as much attention to how we think
about the way we code. We have to ask questions tough questions,
to move from the moment of ‘telling’ things to the moment of
understanding them”, according to data scientist Susan Etlinger .

The Data Literacy Project

Recently, Qlik and Accenture surveyed more than 9,000 interviews
(with people from different industry segments, from C-light to
beginners, nine countries in North America, Europe, and the Asia
Pacific) and produced a report about the current scenario of data
literacy in companies.
The report brings a somewhat worrying reality: although managers
consider that they are developing actions to be guided by data (data-
driven), the breakneck pace of some changes is eventually causing
feelings of anxiety, fear, overload, uncertainty, and even sadness
among employees.
According to the survey data, 74% of respondents reported feeling
unhappy (unprepared, insecure) when working with data.
The machines can process an increasing volume of data and
information with more sophistication and agility, making thousands of
combinations and even imitating human beings’ behavior, suggesting
specific responses to a service’s users.
Thus, it is inevitable that they will be increasingly desired and used
to automate various companies’ processes. It turns out that, as
mentioned above, this has caused distress and overload for
employees, who have to deal with a mountain of information,
updates, and new tools every day.
Even if they feel uncomfortable when dealing with data, they
recognize that it is an asset to the organizations they work for and
believe that data literacy training would make them more productive.
Data literacy allows operations leaders to communicate success
measures to the c-suite. It helps finance convey urgency when the
sales function is not meeting quarterly and yearly targets.
Improving business data literacy positively affects gross margin,
return on assets, return on equity, and return on sales, resulting in a
$ 320 to $ 534 million difference in companies’ values that focus and
do not focus on Data Literacy (data provided by The Data Literacy
Index ).
The study also found that 76% of top business decision-makers do
not trust their Data Literacy skills.
The impact of Data Literacy
Therefore, the critical point is to include people, involve all sectors in
data analysis, break barriers, and overcome technical issues to
democratize and demystify data access. In this way, the company
can benefit as a whole.
This also impacts relevant aspects of culture, stimulating the
exchange of experiences and knowledge, a collaboration between
peers, regardless of the area, and continuous learning.
Having a healthy and robust culture and preparing people to deal
smoothly and efficiently with data-based decisions are strategic
issues to build a more humane and pleasant corporate environment 
— characteristics increasingly valued by the market — and optimize
results, including financial.
Dissatisfied and anxious employees may unconsciously end up
contaminating the company’s culture and becoming demotivated.
When accounted for the slowness in the execution of medical
processes and licenses resulting from stresses resulting from issues
associated with data and technology, companies lose an average of
more than five working days (43 hours) per employee per year.
Of course, changes in culture do not happen overnight, but it is a fact
that it is in constant motion. Knowing this and how much this is a
fundamental pillar, managers must always be attentive, seeking to
share this responsibility to develop a fair culture based on values
that make sense to the teams, in line with the organization’s
interests.
Thus, digital inclusion becomes a less stressful process and with
better results, since people will be more open and willing to
incorporate new tools into their work routine, understanding more
deeply not only the functionalities related to these technologies and
data, but the gains that she can have with this and, consequently,
being more genuinely interested in analysis, data, etc.
Therefore, before investing millions in data usage projects, invest in
people, as they are the key to data science strategies and other
projects. If it is necessary to take a step back or slow down the pace
of implementation of the analyzes to educate employees about data
more cautiously, including making it attractive to these people — and
not only to those used to the data -, no hesitate. The results in the
medium and long term will be justified.

Conclusion
As we can see, Data literacy is the idea that everyone should know
how to make decisions with data to perform their function to the
fullest.
It has a relevant impact on aspects of our business culture,
stimulating the exchange of experiences and knowledge, the
collaboration between peers, regardless of the area, and continuous
learning.
Companies lose an average of more than five working days (43
hours) per employee per year due to stress-related data and
technology. The only way to reduce this stress is with data education
and awareness.
Data awareness as a second language is a necessity of the present,
not just of the future. Are you and your company working to make it
happen? Tell me about it in the comments!
By Jair Ribeiro on November 6, 2020 .
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 HOW AI AND DIGITAL
TRANSFORMATION WILL CHANGE
YOUR BUSINESS FOREVER.
Artificial Intelligence means for the digital
transformation what electricity has meant to
humanity in the past. Are you ready?

D
igital Transformation is one of the most critical drivers on how
companies will continue to deliver value to their customers in a
highly competitive and ever-changing business environment.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been recognized as one of the central
enablers of digital transformation in several industries.
The transformation process seeks to leverage digital technologies to
create or modify customer experiences and culture, and business
processes, thus meeting customers’ changing needs and the market.
And this is where AI comes into play. It can help companies become
more innovative, more flexible, and more adaptive than ever.
The promise of speed, ease, and cost optimization, while simplifying
complex processes and systems, places artificial intelligence as one
of the most significant digital transformation drivers.
And although many consider it as a technology of the future, it is
already here, being used by many companies looking to optimize
their business.
So, let’s see how Artificial Intelligence can help your business as one
of the most potent enablers of what we call Digital Transformation.
But what is Digital Transformation?

Defining the Digital Transformation scenario

Digital transformation is a set of processes, methodologies, and tools
used by modern companies to optimize their operational activities,
such as providing differentiated service, increasing performance, and
increasing its reach power, with employees and customers as a
priority.
However, digital transformation is not just a new department in the
organization. Still, it is a game-changer in technology’s role in the
corporate environment. That’s why it is currently being considered as
the 4th Industrial Revolution .
But more than a concept, digital transformation has become a
movement that attracts companies interested in reviewing
processes, innovating, and gaining competitiveness with the help of
technology.
In the context of transformation, technology is not an end. Still, it is a
set of tools that need to be at the service of the company’s business
strategy.
And today, no matter in what industry your business is operating,
with a considerable probability, your business use technology
to deliver products or services.
With a very similar probability, your competitor is technology-based
too, and they can come from any segment.
But on the other side, there is still a lot of technology investment to
be done, and the impact hasn’t even started.
Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are critical factors in the strategy
for those who want to expand their business impact in this digital
transformation journey. Data only makes sense if it is aligned with
the process and seen as the company’s competitive advantage.

Before talking about AI, do you speak data?

Getting value from data is at the heart of any digital business
transformation.
The enormous volume of data, coming from different sources and
formats, such as structured (ERP, Database, etc.) and unstructured
(social media) data, if treated correctly, can help your business to
understand better the desires of your customers, the market where
they operate and your competitors, bringing insights for increasingly
intelligent and agile decision making.
The use of data is a central point in the management of companies
in their digital transformation . It is essential to have a strategy to
use them as a means of having a competitive advantage.
For example, using more advanced analysis, based on qualified
data, to beat the competition.
Building an efficient and comprehensive Data Literacy is the only
way to be effective on the real scale and bring insights to the
business in a collective effort to make sense of all that information.
It is necessary to establish processes and resources capable of
connecting, structuring, and analyzing this data.
Companies understand the value of investments in innovative
technologies and processes capable of analyzing data more
efficiently and quickly — allowing them to reap these investments’
benefits.

Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Transformation

With the possibility of integrating different systems and automating
several daily tasks, the digital transformation took another leap
when Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) became
part of many organizations’ business strategies.
In addition to resulting in faster and more efficient operations and,
therefore, more productivity, these technologies are so important in
the digital transformation because they allow better use of the data
collected by your company in several ways.
In a reality in which 90% of all data produced in history has been
generated in the past two years, it is necessary to make sense of
them. As the famous saying goes, “data is the new oil. ”
Machine Learning and AI allow us to use all this amount of
information to take the company further, either by improving current
products and services or by the possibility of new innovative
strategies.
Undoubtedly, the most significant impact is the learning that the
machines gave to the human being, a much more excellent notion
about the scenario that we are inserted in.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are two of the
most potent digital transformation protagonists. They are the basis
for the most efficient digital tools developed today. They are enablers
of increasingly innovative and effective solutions that directly impact
the market’s acceleration and competitiveness and customers’
experience and expectations.

Where to start?
A persistent question that may come to your mind regarding data is
what you should do with it and where you should start.
I will try to add my two cents to help you answer those, but also, you
may be in the condition to ask other common questions like:
How can data improve my customers’ experience?
Should I hire someone?
Should I invest in a database?
How do I know I have enough data to generate
intelligence?

I should say that the first job to be done, which is also a challenge, is
to gather all your data in an organized way and start processing it so
that it becomes strategic information for your team or company.
From experience, I believe that there is no lack of data. But it is true
the opposite — the contrary. “There are many sources of internal and
external data, but everything is spread out, different platforms,
databases, silos, paper piles, everything is loose across your
company. You need to find it and organize it.

Defining your journey to Artificial Intelligence

Following the path opened by digital transformation , there is no
way to have artificial intelligence without having a clear and defined
data strategy.
There is no point in seriously talking about Artificial Intelligence if you
do not have your data organized.
It would be best if you did your homework before starting
experiments with AI and Machine Learning.
Start importing the data and storing it efficiently, preferably on the
cloud. Today is becoming more challenging to keep the crescent
amount of data produced by any business organized sustainably on
a server or in a data center. Cloud is the direction you will probably
want to follow.
Investing in Artificial Intelligence is to train the machine and the
algorithms from databases that are organized for that to happen. To
help this task, an ever-growing computational power is available on
the cloud to solve anything.
The following is a proposal of the necessary steps to reach the stage
of maturity in the use of AI to optimize its production process with all
the potential available effectively, based on the SingleStore Maturity
framework :
1. Collect data: first of all, it is necessary to have data; AI is
hugely dependent on data, examples, and instruments that
serve as samples for training models that assist in decision
making. This data can be extracted from databases,
spreadsheets, markup files such as XML, etc.
2. Storage: in addition to collecting data from safe and
quality sources, it is necessary to use tools for storage,
structuring, and integration that facilitate data exploration
analysis. Here are ETL-type tools (Extract, Transform, and
Load) responsible for extracting, transforming, and even
loading data. Such devices are essential to prepare the
data for the next stage of exploration.
3. Exploration: in this step, descriptive analyzes are made.
BI (Business Intelligence) reports, datamart tools, OLAP
queries (Online Analytical Processing), and analysis panels
are built from the data collected and stored so that
specialists can have a clearer, more compact, and
objective view of sectors and the operation of the
organization as a whole.
 4. Real-time operation and extraction: this is a level of
maturity at which the organization is concerned with
integrating its data with modern tools, many of them on
servers in the cloud, using APIs (Application Programming
Interface, the transformation of data in formats of easier
integration like JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) or XML.
Such strategies facilitate integration in real-time and
improve the response time from creating data to more
improved analysis.
5. Prediction and Optimization: at this stage of maturity, the
organization already has quality data, in real-time, in
formats compatible with the leading technologies used for
training machine learning models and is capable of making
decisions based on analysis and prediction. High-level
algorithms are developed at this level, capable of
recognizing voice, images, recommending, learning from
patterns, etc.

How can you create value with Digitization through

Artificial Intelligence?
Just as the advent of the internet has changed the way the world has
always done business, emerging technologies , especially artificial
intelligence, are gradually entering the daily lives of businesses
worldwide.
The question is no longer when the digital transformation will
arrive in all small and medium-sized companies, but what
technologies will be essential and prioritized.
Artificial intelligence can be used in corporations in various
industries. The following examples can serve as a basis for
technology companies’ leaders to better understand opportunities to
provide SME services.
To create value with a product, digital transformation must be
applied, with artificial intelligence identifying information to help the
involved professionals in various stages of a process, such as
design , execution , and delivery .
With everything digitalized, you may start checking the phases that
need adjustments in the project; for example, in the design phase, AI
improves research, development and makes an accurate forecast of
the next steps.
In the execution phase , continuous maintenance is the critical
point where AI and Machine Learning can help. These are
responses in real-time to what is being researched.
When delivering a product, it is, as previously mentioned, the
customer experience that you will provide with everything digital, AI,
and Machine Learning can be used to monitor, recommend and
forecast actions to reinforce your product, brand, and market share.

The importance of an early adoption

McKinsey estimates AI techniques can create between $3.5T and
$5.8T in value annually across nine business functions in 19
industries, generating up to $2.6T additional value in Marketing and
Sales and up to $2T in Supply Chain Management and
Manufacturing.
Also, AI will add $200B in value to Pricing & Promotion and $100B to
Customer Service Management in Retail.
McKinsey predicts AI will have an 11.6% impact on Travel industry
revenues and up to 10.2% on High Tech.
And in most of these use cases, AI and deep neural networks
improved performance beyond what existing analytic techniques
were able to deliver.
As you can see, there are several reasons for you and your business
to bet quickly on Artificial Intelligence technologies, and I like to
focus on three of the most relevant:
1. The necessity to monitor and combat legacy’s “technological
DNA,” which guarantees agility to innovate and deliver services
quickly;
2. The necessity to offer products and services increasingly directed
to the individual needs of customers, in an omnipresent and
assertive manner;
3. The potential to multiply the business value through automated
processes and offers increases operations efficiency.
It is also important to mention that, by strengthening these
operational capacities with Artificial Intelligence, your business will
also enhance its resilience to global crisis scenarios by offering
products and services with increased profitability and creating
predictive capabilities for their business.

Conclusion
Artificial Intelligence means to the digital transformation what
electricity has meant to humanity in the past.
Its disruptive power is so great that we move towards a stage in the
economy where digital products will be increasingly intelligent to
make recommendations, present options, and help customers make
their choices.
The biggest challenge for all of us is to manage all these changes
and deal with such a transformation in the organizational structure.
Investing and developing skills among the entire workforce to adapt
to new models and trends is critical to bring positive results.
Are you ready for the revolution?
By Jair Ribeiro on November 11, 2020 .
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 HONDA WILL BRING THE LEVEL
THREE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES TO
THE MASSES.
Honda will be first to mass-produce level 3
autonomous cars by the end of March 2021

H
onda claims it will be the world’s first automaker to mass-
produce sensor-packed level 3 autonomous cars that will allow
drivers to let their vehicles navigate congested expressway
traffic, meeting the SAE Level 3 standards.
The automaker has plans to produce and sell a version of its Honda
Legend luxury sedan with fully approved automated driving
equipment in Japan from next March.
They announced the news via press release (via Reuters ), and this
follows the approval by the Japanese government of the company’s
“Traffic Jam Pilot ” autonomous tech, which for the first time, will
allow drivers to take their eyes off the road while it’s engaged.
The race to build self-driving cars is a crucial technology
battleground for automakers. Technology companies such as Google
parent Alphabet Inc also invest billions of dollars in a field expected
to boost car sales.

Autonomy Levels
Autonomous driving is a technology that will change how we will
travel and move goods across the world.
Reduced traffic congestion, lower travel costs, and no more circling
for parking spaces will make our daily commutes quicker, less
stressful, and more affordable. It’ll also reduce harmful CO2
emissions, improving the quality of air that we breathe.
Different cars are capable of varying levels of autonomy, described
on a scale of 0 to 5, and essential to an understanding before we talk
about an autonomous vehicle’s operation.
The more technological solutions in actuators and sensors the
automobile incorporates, the greater its degree of automation. As
there are several stages in development, regulations and technical
definitions also need to adapt.
For this reason, the Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) created
a classification to differentiate vehicles according to their degree of
automation, making it easier for consumers and maintenance
professionals to identify the models. The following five levels have
been determined:
Level 0 : Your car today  — humans control all significant systems.
Level 1 : Driver assistance  — specific systems, such as cruise
control or automatic braking, can be controlled by the vehicle, one at
a time. At this level, the driver still handles most of the car’s functions
but with a little autonomous help. For example, a level one vehicle
might provide you with a brake boost if you edge too close to another
vehicle, or it might have an adaptive cruise control function to control
your distance and speed.
Level 2 : Partial automation  — the vehicle offers at least two
simultaneous automatic functions, such as acceleration and steering,
but requires human beings for safe operation. Partial automation
enables drivers to disengage from some driving functions. Level 2
vehicles can assist with tasks like steering, acceleration, braking,
and maintaining speed. However, drivers still need to have both
hands on the wheel and be ready to take control if necessary.
Level 3 : Conditional automation  — the vehicle can manage all
critical safety functions under certain conditions. Still, the driver must
take over when alerted. At this level, cars can be considered truly
autonomous, but only under ideal road conditions.
Level 4 : High automation  — the vehicle is fully autonomous in some
driving scenarios, although not all. At Level 4, vehicles are capable
of steering, accelerating, and braking on their own. They’re also able
to monitor road conditions, respond to obstacles, determine when to
turn, and change lanes.
Level 5 : Full automation  — the vehicle is fully capable of autonomy
in all situations, requiring no human interaction. Vehicles can steer,
accelerate, brake, and monitor road conditions like traffic jams.
Essentially, Level 5 automation enables the driver to sit back and
relax without paying any attention to the car’s functions whatsoever.

Read more about it…

If you want to read more about Autonomous Vehicles, please have a
look at these articles:

An Introduction to Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles have long lived in our imagination
since the Jetsons, and if we can imagine, we can do it.
The… jairribeiro.medium.com
How Autonomous Vehicles will redefine the concept of
mobility.
Autonomous cars are already among us, and some actions
have already been taking regarding auto repair shops and
dealer… towardsdatascience.com
The Ethics of AI and Autonomous Vehicles
In a perfect world, AI should be developed to avoid
unethical issues, but that may be unlikely since those
issues can… medium.com

By Jair Ribeiro on November 12, 2020 .

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 FIVE COMPANIES THAT ARE
REVOLUTIONIZING RECRUITING
USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Virtual recruiters and advanced analytics tools
come with a proposal for a safer and more
transparent hiring process.

A
rtificial intelligence (AI), the use of human-like intelligence
through software and mechanisms, enables the disruption of
diverse segments. After all, this is an industry that has grown
an average of 20% per year for the past five years, according to a
survey by BBC Research.
Many organizations have already joined the “future” and gained
space by efficiently applying AI in everyday activities. For example,
some banks started to perform financial services without a human's
help; farms use drones to identify points in a crop that need more
irrigation and automatically trigger sprinklers.
AI is not set to replace the recruiter’s work, the importance of the
interview, the empathy, and the sparkle in the eye that we sometimes
feel when interviewing a candidate. This area deals with human
relations, and this will hardly be replaced.
However, AI applications arrive to make life easier for recruiters and
allow HR to play an increasingly strategic role.
Considering that HR departments are called to be in line with young
people's expectations, digital natives are used to more intuitive and
technological experiences.
Can you imagine having access to a virtual assistant that assists
your enrollment in selection processes? Today, this is becoming a
reality! Chatbots, gamification, and Artificial Intelligence applications
are ways of no return for companies that always want to be ahead of
Talent Acquisition competitors.
Artificial Intelligence can also be used to test candidates’ skills and
behaviors in real situations, generating an incredibly smarter
database for making hiring decisions, reducing their acquisition cost,
and making the Human Resources area much more strategic and
less operational.

Some applications of artificial intelligence in

recruitment and selection
The insertion of technology in the recruitment and selection
processes has several applications and brings excellent facilities to
those involved.
For example, the specific and slow steps of analyzing curricula one
by one and separating the best ones. With AI, this stage ceases to
exist in the whole field and is now entirely done in the virtual world.
Specialized software automatically evaluates curricula, selecting
those that best meet the requirements of the vacancies.
AI can also automate the online application of skills tests,
determining the most appropriate questions to get to know each
candidate more deeply.
Applications of competency tests and behavioral profiles can also be
made through AI. In this way, there is a guarantee that only the most
suitable professionals for a given position reach the end of the
process, the personal interview.

Five disruptive companies that are revolutionizing

recruiting using AI
Here you have five great examples of companies that are using AI to
break the ground on recruitment today:

HireVu E
HireVue is arguably the best-known AI-powered hiring platform,
deployed by 700+ companies, including Unilever, Vodafone, PwC,
and Oracle. For example, Unilever deployed HireVue AI-driven
assessments and achieved £1M annual cost savings, a 90%
reduction in time to hire, and a 16% increase in hiring diversity.
Along with voice and facial recognition software, HireVue has a
proprietary algorithm to determine which candidates are ideal for a
specific job by analyzing their vocabulary, speech patterns, body
language, tone, and facial expressions.
The sophisticated machine learning algorithms are implemented by a
strong team of data scientists headed by Dr. Lindsey Zuloaga .

Mya System S

Hiring chatbot Mya Systems uses conversational AI to streamline the

recruiting process for staffing agencies and companies such as
L’Oréal, Adecco, Hays, and Deloitte.
Mya guides candidates through the entire hiring process, starting
from the job search and up to the onboarding. Mya leverages state-
of-the-art approaches from natural language processing and
understanding to allow natural conversation with the candidates,
supported by a team of experienced machine learning engineers and
NLP engineers .
HiredScor E

HiredScore transforms how companies hire and retain employees by

providing AI-driven solutions that seamlessly integrate with the
clients’ existing HR systems, ensuring compliance and security.
HiredScore uses machine learning to understand how large
companies hire candidates and develop unique insights to provide
grades to new applying candidates and let the company’s recruiters
focus on the candidates that match their jobs the best. Also,
HiredScore circulates high-quality leads that might have been
rejected in past processes or signed up to receive potential job offers
from the company in the future.
The company’s proprietary AI is customized for each client,
proactively mitigates bias, and is trained on a large dataset that
includes 25M CVs, 50M job posts, and 21K career trees. Deep
learning techniques are developed and implemented by an
experienced team of applied ML researchers and data scientists .

Wade & Wend Y

Wade & Wendy’s AI-driven solutions automate task-driven

recruitment processes for both job seekers and recruiters. [1]
Wade & Wendy's intelligence is driven by a proprietary recruiting
conversation system, cutting-edge text parsing techniques, intelligent
workflow automation, and a robust knowledge graph consisting of
conversational utterances, linguistic logic, and job seekers'
attributes, candidates, and job positions.
To achieve the best performance for their conversational system,
NLP data scientists at Wade & Wendy experiment with cutting-edge
models, including BERT and XLNet.

Hiretua L

Hiretual offers yet another set of AI-powered comprehensive

solutions for most recruiting activities.
Hiretual can be easily integrated with 30+ Applicant Tracking
Systems (ATSs) to save time with one seamless workflow, sync
candidate activities, and manage duplicates. The solution is
supported by smart business analytics and industry-standard
security and compliance measures.
The company’s experienced team of machine learning engineers is
headed by CTO and co-founder of Hiretual, Xinwen Zhang . You can
also learn more about how AI and machine learning technologies
transform hiring practices in an interview with Hiretual’s CEO and co-
founder Steven Jiang .

Conclusion
The fact that AI is advancing and occupying more and more space in
our daily lives is nothing new; it is present from the time our cell
phone rings up in the morning to wake us up and permeates the rest
of our day, whether at home, on the street, or at work.
The challenges faced by HR in the contemporary world require
constant readaptations. The old management models will not be able
to meet the demands that arise. For this reason, managers are
increasingly talking about disruptive thinking.
One of the most significant advantages of AI is eliminating the factor
“personal opinion of the recruiter” (or guesswork, guesswork, and
prejudice) in hiring.
Another benefit is the ability to deal with many resumes objectively
and efficiently. But not only that.
Virtual recruiters and advanced analytics tools come with a proposal
for a safer and more transparent selection process, breaking the ties
with inconsistent and laborious methods and moving forward to
modern and digitalized HR Services.

References:
1. 7 AI Companies Revolutionizing Recruiting, by K ate
Koidan  —  TopBot
2. Why I’ve decided to join HiredScore by Dennis Nerush — 
HackerNoon

By Jair Ribeiro on November 14, 2020 .

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30- Work vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 TWELVE (+BONUS) AMAZING
YOUTUBE CHANNELS TO LEARN
PYTHON PROGRAMMING FOR FREE
Here you have a great list of Youtube channels
to dig into Python programming and learn from
the best.

A
few days ago, I published an article with 21 of the best
channels on Youtube where you can learn Data Science, AI,
and Machine Learning for free and... Boom! It was a great
success; many people wrote to me that the article was handy and
helped them find great content!
SuppoSuppose, you are looking for the best Youtube channels to dig
into Python programming and learn from the best. In that case, you
have a great list with 12 (my lucky number) amazing programmers
who share tips and secrets that will help you become a master!
Clever Programme R

You can find awesome programming lessons here! Also, expect

programming tips and tricks that will take your coding skills to the
next level.
Clever Programmer
You can find awesome programming lessons here! Also, expect
programming tips and tricks that will take your coding…
www.youtube.com
Anaconda Inc .
Source: screenshot from the related Youtube Channel
With over 4.5 million users, Anaconda is the world’s most popular
Python data science platform. Anaconda, Inc. continues to lead open
source projects like Anaconda, NumPy, and SciPy, forming modern
data science. Anaconda’s flagship product, Anaconda Enterprise,
allows organizations to secure, govern, scale, and extend Anaconda
to deliver actionable insights that drive businesses and industries
forward.”
Anaconda, Inc.
With more than 15 million users, Anaconda is the world's most
popular data science platform and the foundation of…
www.youtube.com

Talk Pytho N

Talk Python to Me is a weekly podcast hosted by Michael Kennedy.

The show covers a wide array of Python topics as well as many
related issues.
Talk Python
Talk Python to Me is a weekly podcast hosted by Michael Kennedy.
The show covers a wide array of Python topics as well…
www.youtube.com
 Christian Thompso N

Christian Thompson and a lot about Python programming for

beginners: Christian is a middle and high school teacher who uses
Python as his teaching language. He firmly believes anyone can
(and should) learn to program a computer and that Python is the
perfect language for doing so.
TokyoEdTech
Welcome to my channel! My channel is dedicated to teaching coding
in a way that is beginner-friendly, fun, and… www.youtube.com

CodingEntrepreneur S

Coding for Entrepreneurs is a Programming Series for Non-Technical

Founders. Learn Django, Python, APIs, Accepting Payments, Stripe,
jQuery, Twitter Bootstrap, and much more.
CodingEntrepreneurs
Coding for Entrepreneurs is a Programming Series for Non-Technical
Founders. Learn Django, Python, APIs, Accepting…
www.youtube.com
Corey Schafe R
Source: screenshot from the related Youtube Channel
This channel is focused on creating tutorials and walkthroughs for
software developers, programmers, and engineers. We cover topics
for all different skill levels, so whether you are a beginner or have
many years of experience, this channel will have something for you.
Corey Schafer
Welcome to my Channel. This channel is focused on creating
tutorials and walkthroughs for software developers…
www.youtube.com

Chris Hawke S

On this channel, you can learn about programming, web design,

responsive web design, Reactjs, Django, Python, web scraping,
games, forms applications, and more!
Chris Hawkes
We're going to learn about programming, web design, responsive
web design, Reactjs, Django, Python, web scraping…
www.youtube.com

Enthough T

For more than 15 years, Enthought has built AI solutions with

science and engineering at the core. We accelerate digital
transformation by enabling companies and their people to leverage
the benefits of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.”
Additionally, Enthought is best known for the early development,
maintenance, and continued support of SciPy and the primary
sponsor for the SciPy US and EuroSciPy Conferences.
Enthought
For more than 15 years, Enthought has built AI solutions with
science and engineering at the core. We accelerate…
www.youtube.com
Real Pytho N

Python tutorials and training videos for Pythonistas that go beyond

the basics. On this channel, you’ll get new Python videos and
screencasts every week. They’re bite-sized, and to the point, so you
can fit them in with your day and pick up new Python skills on the
side.
Real Python
Python tutorials and training videos for Pythonistas that go beyond
the basics.���� Get free Python tips and… www.youtube.com

Sentdex (Harrison Kinsley )

Python Programming tutorials, going further than just the basics.

Learn about machine learning, finance, data analysis, robotics, web
development, game development, and more.
sentdex
Python Programming tutorials, going further than just the basics.
Learn about machine learning, finance, data analysis…
www.youtube.com

Python Basics | Learn Python Programmin G

Learn the basics of python programming language. Simple and easy

to learn.
Python Basics
Learn the basics of python programming language. Simple and easy
to learn. www.youtube.com

Telusk O

The channel was started in the year 2014 and now teaches various
Programming topics . The video lectures include:
Core Java, Advanced Java, Python, Android Development,
Blockchain, JavaScript, and many other languages.
The Python playlist has more than 100 videos, which will take you
from the basics to the advanced language. You can also learn about
the Django and Flask technologies to advance Python Learning.
 Al Sweigar T
Al Sweigart
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and
share it all with friends, family, and the world on… www.youtube.com
 PythonByte S
PythonBytes
Python bytes is all about the Python programming language, building
GUI’s and web framework applications. www.youtube.com
By Jair Ribeiro on November 19, 2020 .
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 A SIMPLE APPROACH TO DEFINE
HUMAN AND ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Before you start worrying about AI, you should
consider analyzing the relationships between
human intelligence and AI.

I
recently started to follow an exciting and mind-bending philosophy
online course at MIT called Minds and Machines .
The course is a thorough, rigorous 12 Weeks Learning Path
introduction to contemporary philosophy of mind, exploring
consciousness, reality, artificial intelligence (AI), and more. It is
definitively one of the most in-depth philosophy courses available
online that I ever frequented.
The first effect of starting study philosophy at Massachusetts
Institute of Technology is that I’m asking more challenging
questions… the second effect is that I’m writing more about those
questions.
I‘m in this moment, exploring the relationship between the mind and
the body, the capacity of computers to think, the way we perceive
reality, and the perspective of the existence of a science of
consciousness.
As a first result, I’ve started to pay particular attention to one specific
question that definitively has a lot to relate to my daily work as an AI
expert: what is intelligence?
In this article, I will explore human and artificial intelligence concepts
to find relevant similarities and differences.
A long time question…
The idea of building devices that could simulate the movements of
living beings and particularly of humans in a completely autonomous
way dates back to the Upper Paleolithic.
The making of primitive dolls with movable arms was one of the first
attempts to imitate living beings’ gestures. Archimedes was a master
in this sort of new “art.”
Fantastic literature, known today as science fiction, speculated that
artificial sentient beings could be made.
Robotics has made science fiction a full-fledged science known as
“artificial intelligence” or robotics in recent decades.
The purpose of these researches is to create a sentient being
endowed with decision-making abilities and move at will — a sentient
being and to a certain extent independent of human beings., but the
real question here is…

What is Intelligence?
The term intelligence comes from the Latin intelligentĭa, which, in
turn, derives from inteligere . This is a word that is composed of two
other terms: intus (“between”) and Legere (“choose”). Therefore, the
etymological origin of the concept of intelligence refers to those who
know how to choose: intelligence allows them to select/choose the
best options for solving a question.
Intelligence is a set that forms all the intellectual characteristics of
an individual , that is, the faculty of knowing, understanding,
reasoning, thinking, and interpreting. Intelligence is one of the main
distinctions between humans and other animals.
Etymologically, the word “intelligence” originated from the Latin
intelligentia , creating from intelligere , in which the prefix inter
means “between,” and Legere means “choice.” Therefore, this term’s
original meaning refers to an individual’s ability to choose among the
various possibilities or options presented to him.
To choose the best and most appropriate opportunity, among the
various options, a person needs to evaluate to the maximum all the
advantages and disadvantages of the hypotheses, requiring this the
ability to reason, think and understand, that is, the basis of what
forms intelligence.
Among the faculties that constitute intelligence, there is also the
functioning and use of memory, judgment, abstraction, imagination,
and conception.
The concepts and definitions of intelligence vary according to the
group to which they refer. For example, in psychology, the so-called
“psychological intelligence” is the ability to learn and relate, that is,
an individual’s cognition; while in the field of biology, “biological
intelligence” would be the ability to adapt to new habitats or
situations.

Types of intelligence
However, the Intelligence Quotient concept started to be discredited
when individuals with low IQ were observed, but with great
professional life success. At the same time, people considered “more
intelligent” presented terrible situations.
The psychologist Howard Gardner presented the Theory of Multiple
Intelligences , which claims that intelligence is a set of at least eight
different mental processes existing within the brain.
According to this theory, each human being has a little bit of each
one of these “bits of intelligence.” In some people, there is always a
specific type of process that can be more developed than in others,
making it stand out in particular fields or activity areas.
Linguistic intelligence : people who can easily express
themselves, orally, and through writing. People with this
more developed type of intelligence tend to learn other
languages more easily, in addition to having a high degree
of attention.
Logical intelligence : people with ease in working with
logic in general, such as mathematical operations or
scientific works. They usually have a good memory and
can solve complex problems quickly. They can also be
considered more organized and disciplined.
 Spatial intelligence : people with ease in understanding
and manipulating the visual world, such as 2D or 3D
images. Architects and graphic art professionals develop
them well.
Motor intelligence : people who can perform complicated
movements with their bodies have a fantastic notion of
space, distance, and depth of environments.
Musical intelligence : people who quickly identify and
reproduce different types of sound patterns, in addition to
creating new songs or harmonies. This is one of the rare
kinds of intelligence present among people.
Interpersonal intelligence : people who are easy to lead,
based on understanding the point of view and others’
intentions. They are considered very active individuals who
enjoy responsibilities and find it easy to convince others to
do what they want.
Intrapersonal intelligence : people who can observe,
analyze, and understand themselves. They can also
influence people, but more subjectively, using ideas and
not actions.
Naturalistic intelligence : people who can quickly identify
and differentiate different patterns present in nature.

Emotional intelligence
The concept of emotional intelligence is present within psychology
and was created by the American psychologist Daniel Goleman .
An emotionally intelligent individual can identify his emotions,
motivating himself to persist in his goals even in frustrating
situations.
Among the other characteristics of emotional intelligence are
controlling impulses, channel emotions into appropriate situations,
motivating people, and practicing gratitude, among other qualities
that can encourage others.
Artificial intelligence
Intelligence relates to knowing how to choose the best options to
solve some problem. According to their attributes and processes,
several intelligence types are biological intelligence , operational
intelligence, and psychological intelligence .
AI is also an adjective that is said of what is made by hand, art, or
the ingenuity of man. The artificial also makes it possible to refer to
what is unnatural or false.
Artificial intelligence was developed about specific systems created
by human beings that constitute non-living rational agents. In this
case, rationality is understood as the ability to maximize an expected
result.
Therefore, artificial intelligence consists of designing designs that
produce results that maximize performance when executed on a
physical architecture.
These are processes based on specific sequences of entries that are
perceived and stored by said architecture.
Devices with artificial intelligence can perform various processes
analogous to human behavior, such as executing a response for
each input, searching for a state among all possible ones according
to action, or resolving problems through formal logic.
“AI — Artificial intelligence” is also a film made by Steven Spielberg,
whose debut took place in 2001. His argument is based on the story
of a robot that, when created to replace a human child, demonstrates
having feelings.
Artificial intelligence or AI is a computer science branch of study that
deals with developing technological mechanisms and devices that
can simulate human beings’ reasoning system, i.e., intelligence.
Research related to artificial intelligence is slow, but it has shown
significant results on how devices can interpret and synthesize
human voice or movements. There is still a long way to go before
machines reach the concept as close as possible to human
intelligence.
Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence
There are several differences between artificial and human
intelligence, ranging from cognitive to emotional and psychological
issues.
Talking about the differences between artificial intelligence (AI) and
humans can be reduced because the former was created by the
latter. However, there are more differences that we are going to tell
you so that you will understand more how it is almost impossible for
AI to surpass the natural intelligence of the human being that delves
into cognitive functions such as memory, problem-solving, learning,
planning, language, reasoning, and perception.
Although today both play an enormous role in improving societies,
there are apparent differences.
AI is an innovation created by human intelligence and is designed to
perform specific tasks much faster with less effort.
Human intelligence is best at multitasking and can incorporate
emotional elements, social interaction, and self-awareness into the
cognitive process. The latter is characterized by being highly
complex such as concept formation, understanding, decision
making, communication, and problem-solving. It is also heavily
influenced by subjective factors like motivation.
Human intelligence or HI is commonly measured through IQ tests
that generally cover working memory, verbal comprehension,
processing speed, and perceptual reasoning.
When compared to humans, computers can process a lot more
information at a faster rate . For example, if the human mind can
solve a math problem in five minutes, AI can solve ten problems in
one minute.
“The view that machines will think as man does reveal a
misunderstanding of the nature of human thought.” Ulrik Neisser .
The AI is very objective in decision-making since it analyzes using
data collected purely. However, human decisions can be influenced
by subjective elements that are not based only on figures.
Another difference may be that artificial intelligence often produces
accurate results, as they operate based on a set of programmed
rules. When it comes to human intelligence, there is generally room
for “human error,” as specific details can be lost at one point or
another.
Human intelligence is, in general, very flexible in response to
changes in their environment. This enables people to learn and
master various skills. On the other hand, AI takes much longer to
adapt to new changes.
The human intellect can support multitasking, as evidenced by
diverse and simultaneous roles. In contrast, AI can only perform a
few tasks simultaneously, as a system can only learn responsibilities
one at a time.
Artificial intelligence is still working on self-awareness, while humans
naturally become aware of themselves and strive to establish their
identities as they mature.
As human beings, we are much better at interacting with other
people, considering that we can process abstract information, have
self-awareness, and be empathetic. On its way, Artificial Intelligence
has not mastered the ability to pick up relevant social and emotional
cues.
Human intelligence’s general function is innovation, as it can create,
collaborate, generate ideas, and implement. As for AI, its overall role
is more of optimization. It performs tasks efficiently according to the
way it is scheduled. These are the main differences between
machines and humans.

Conclusion
The idea of intelligent machines capable of reaching human
intelligence levels is relatively recent compared to how long humans
have been able to think. However, the advanced techniques applied
not only to computer science but also to biology and engineering,
among others, have already become fundamental to our society.
But modeling human intelligence from computer systems becomes a
challenging goal to create sensitive and evolvable machines.
When establishing relationships between human intelligence and
artificial intelligence, we must start from the hypothesis that there is a
computational model of which we have more information related to
its operation and memory capacity, and this may lead us to consider
the possibility, in a general way, of whether artificial intelligence will
surpass human intelligence in the future.
Human intelligence’s general function is innovation, as it can create,
collaborate, generate ideas, and implement. As for AI, its overall role
is more of optimization. These could be considered the main
differences between machines and humans.

References:
Description Of The Word Of Intelligence — 900 Words |
Bartleby. https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Description-Of-
The-Word-Of-Intelligence-PKQSQDKVG5YW
What is the Meaning of Artificial intelligence ….
https://edukalife.blogspot.com/2015/07/what-is-meaning-of-
artificial.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE V/S HUMAN
INTELLIGENCE! — Google-Wizz.
https://googlewizz.com/artificial-intelligence-v-s-human-
intelligence/
What Kind Of Smart Are You? Question 5 — You’re….
https://www.quizony.com/what-kind-of-smart-are-you/5.html
Difference Between Artificial Intelligence & Human ….
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/FuGenx2008-
4014030-difference-artificial-intelligence-human/
Difference Between Artificial Intelligence and Human ….
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-
between-artificial-intelligence-and-human-intelligence/
Howard Gardner, Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Neisser, Ulric. “The Imitation of Man by Machine.” Science
139, no. 3551 (1963): 193–97. Accessed November 28,
2020. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1710006.
By Jair Ribeiro on November 28, 2020 .
Canonical link
32- Cartoon vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 WHAT IS PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS, AND
HOW CAN YOU USE IT TODAY?
To see the future, you can rely on two tools: a
crystal ball or Predictive Analytics.

P
redictive analytics is a way to use the past to project the future
of your business. This is not futurology, but an accurate
calculation of the probabilities in any scenario, based on the
processing of large volumes of data.
This advanced technique uses data mining, machine learning, and
artificial intelligence to further statistics. Rather than concluding
about yesterday, you can anticipate trends and predict tomorrow’s
behaviors — all from your company’s history.
Want to understand how predictive analytics helps you make
informed decisions? After this text, you will know how to add
predictive analysis to your business to start ahead of the
competition.

What is predictive analytics?

Predictive analysis is an advanced analytical technique that uses
data, algorithms, and machine learning to anticipate trends and
make business projections. Thanks to computational advancement,
it is already possible to analyze large volumes of data ( Big Data ) to
find patterns and evaluate future possibilities from its history.
The concept originated in the 1940s when governments started
using the first computers — those that occupied an entire room and
served warlike purposes.
But, predictive analytics has gained far more relevance today, driven
by powerful processors and new technologies.
Another decisive factor for the rise of this technique is Big Data: the
phenomenon of accelerated multiplication of information with 2.5
quintillion bytes of data being produced by humans every day. And if
you are asking, there are 18 zeroes in a quintillion. You’re welcome!
Therefore, analytics’s function is to situate ourselves in this
immensity of data, showing the possible directions to follow and
looking for patterns in the middle of the whirlwind of information.
The predictive analysis uses data mining, machine learning, artificial
intelligence, and statistics to collect, process, interpret and translate
it.
A gentle Introduction to Data Literacy
Data literacy is a relatively recent trend that simultaneously in
business that making informed decisions. Let’s find…
towardsdatascience.com
But it is essential to clarify that this technology cannot “predict the
future,” only to map the probabilities based on what has already
occurred.
The essential question is not “What will happen?”, But “What is likely
to happen?”.
One of the most basic examples of applying this type of analysis is
cross-selling — the strategy of encouraging the customer to add
complementary products and services at the time of purchase.
Do you know that famous e-commerce recommendation: “people
who bought this product also took…”?
In companies, it is possible to use predictive analysis systems to
predict possible customer behaviors based on their purchase history,
interactions, and profile.
Thus, product recommendations are much more accurate, thanks to
the reliable forecast generated by crossing millions of data.
Similarly, the tool can be used to predict the acceptance of a new
product on the market, understand which marketing strategies are
most promising, and anticipate operational failures.
How does predictive analytics work?
There are several possible approaches, but, as a rule, the concept is
based on creating a predictive model . This mathematical function
will predict a problem when applied to the data.
For example, a pharmaceutical laboratory can apply a predictive
model on your order history to decide whether to increase the
production of a particular drug next winter considering the weather
estimates for the period (a stricter, drier, rainier season), anyway).
Similarly, companies can use predictive models to determine
whether a particular product has a good chance of success, whether
switching suppliers can streamline the production cycle, whether
consumers will well receive a change in packaging, and so on.
It is worth noticing that machine learning (or machine learning ) can
play a crucial role in predictive analysis. Like? Machine learning is a
system that modifies its behavior autonomously based on patterns
found in data sets. Because of this, it is common for algorithms of
this type to be developed or adapted to act specifically in predictive
analysis.

Importance of predictive analysis for companies

With increased competitiveness and profound changes in the digital
age, companies need — more than ever — to be one step ahead of
the competition.
In this case, using predictive analysis is like having a strategic vision
of the future, mapping the opportunities and threats that the market
has in store.
Therefore, companies are adopting predictive models for:
Predict the next moves in the segment
Identify opportunities ahead
Prevent security breaches
Optimize marketing strategies
Map the behavior and habits of consumers and employees
Improve operations and increase efficiency
 Reduce risks.

You can use predictive analytics to understand a consumer’s likely

behavior, optimize internal processes, monitor and automate IT
infrastructure and machine maintenance, for example.
Not by chance, the global predictive analytics market is forecast to
move $ 10.95 billion by 2022, according to a report published in
2018 by Zion Market Research . After all, nothing is better for
business today than making decisions based on reliable analysis.

About Predictive Analytics, Big Data, and Business

Intelligence.
As crucial as obtaining data is knowing how to use it.
Big data is the primary source of research for the construction of
predictive models. The choice of data, or data mining, consists of
identifying which records and statistics can build the best strategic
information.
On the other hand, business intelligence can be a sector within the
organization chart or even its strategy. Its function is to transform or
refine the data to transform it into information, which, in a way, allows
its name to be used in such a generic way.
Predictive analytics applications need to be fed with lots of data,
turning them into useful information and creating continuous
improvement processes. There is a mutual exchange between data
and analysis; one cannot live without the other.
Data analysts can create predictive models when they have enough
data to obtain predicted results. Therefore, all matters are deeply
related.

What are predictive models?

We already know that predictive analysis uses data from the past
and present to predict future behavior through statistical functions.
They are also able to detect patterns in the analyzed data set.
A predictive model is what a predictive modeling professional
creates using relevant data and statistical methods. These models
can be used to answer specific questions and predict unknown
values.
Predictive models fall, in general, in two fields: parametric and
nonparametric. While these terms may sound like technical jargon,
the main difference is that parametric models make more and more
specific assumptions and assumptions.
Some of the types of predictive models are:
Ordinary Least Squares ;
Generalized linear models ;
Logistic regression ;
Random forests ;
Decision trees ;
Neural networks ;
Multivariate adaptive regression splines .

Each of these models is used for a specific purpose; that is, it

answers a particular question or type of data set.
In short, all models have methodological and mathematical
differences and are similar in their shared objective, which is the
prediction of future or unknown results.

How to Do Predictive Analytics in 7 Steps

To understand how predictive analytics works in practice, let’s follow
the main steps of the process.
See how to apply the concept in 7 steps.

Definition of objectives
To create a predictive model, you need to start from a project with
well-defined business objectives.
To begin, you should ask yourself what the purpose of the analysis
is:
 Understand consumer behavior?
Predict sales trends?
Identify the most profitable products?
Reduce churn rate or turnover?
Reduce production and operating costs ?
Reach a new target audience?

Definition of analysis goals

The next step is to translate your business objectives into analysis
goals.
For example, if you want to understand consumer behavior better,
you must create a predictive profile analysis model.
Other possible models are risk analysis, segmentation, activation,
customer lifetime value (LTV), etc.
Data Collection

With the objectives and goals defined, it’s time to hunt for the data
needed to answer your questions.
This step requires the most care. It is the quality of the data that will
define your predictive analysis’s reliability.
Therefore, you need to select the best sources to collect the data
(internal databases, social networks, research, consultancy
databases) and define precisely what information is required.
It is crucial to use an adequate collection tool and determine the
data’s accuracy, cost, and stability.
Data Preparation

Before starting the analysis, it is essential to prepare the data so that

they are in the correct format and can be read by your tool.
Start with cleaning up unnecessary information, define variables, sort
your data, and then structure them into specific sets.
You can do this with software such as Excel and Power BI, for
example.
 Data Analysis

With the data properly structured, you can now begin the analysis
process.
At this point, it is important to have statistical knowledge to evaluate
the resulting graphs and understand your trend line.
For example, suppose you analyze customer transaction data. In
that case, you will have a clear view of the hottest periods, best
selling products, and possible influencing factors on sales variation.
Here, you have three basic analysis options:
Univariate analysis : each variable is treated in isolation
before being crossed with the others
Bivariate analysis : establishes a relationship between
two variables (Ex .: sale time and average ticket )
Multivariate analysis : establishes relationships between
two or more variables (Ex .: customer’s age, LTV, and
average ticket).

Modeling

After conducting your analysis and carrying out the necessary tests,
you are ready to create a predictive model with this data.
This model will be a standard of mathematical and statistical
techniques that processes the data collected from the relationships
you have created, offering quick and easy to view responses.
Thus, your predictive analysis will begin to return valuable insights
into future probabilities.

Monitoring

After creating your predictive model, you should closely monitor its
efficiency to ensure that the results remain reliable.
Ideally, the models’ performance should be reviewed monthly,
quarterly, and semi-annually to ensure that a possible change in data
does not affect the analysis.
Three examples of Predictive analysis software
These are examples of great software that can be your great ally
when implementing predictive analysis. Have a look at these three
that are some of the most used in the market.

Microsoft Power B I

Power BI is a famous data analysis software and Microsoft business

intelligence. With it, you can import data directly from Excel
spreadsheets or data warehouses and conduct high-performance
predictive analysis.
Also, the tool allows the resulting reports and graphs to be shared
with everyone on the team.
Data Visualization | Microsoft Power BI
Empower team members to discover insights hidden in your data
with Microsoft Power BI. Microsoft Dataverse for Teams is…
powerbi.microsoft.com

Adobe Analytic S

Adobe Analytics is the strong competitor of Google Analytics , with a

unique tool for predictive analytics.
The system uses machine learning and statistical modeling to
analyze data in an advanced way and to predict future behaviors
such as turnover and conversion probability.
Thus, you can gain insights from various data sets and prepare for
future scenarios.
Adobe Analytics for deeper insights
Adobe Analytics puts industry-leading data into customizable
visualizations that drive better marketing decisions. www.adobe.com

Tablea U

Tableau is one of the BI platforms ( Business Intelligence ) market

leader with advanced predictive analytics.
Tableau’s key feature is the ability to modify calculations and test
different scenarios in sophisticated analyzes, using various sets,
groups, and segmentations.
All of this in a simple panel, with drag and drop commands, makes it
easy for even inexperienced users to use.
Tableau: Business Intelligence and Analytics Software
Tableau helps people see and understand data. Our visual analytics
platform is transforming the way people use data to…
www.tableau.com
Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

Five practical examples of how predictive analytics

can be applied today.
Predictive analytics is a highly versatile method that can be used in
many areas of your company.
See what the leading applications are.

Customer Churn Forecas T

Making a churn forecast means identifying the signals that precede

your customers’ cancellation request, calculating the probability in
each situation.
With predictive models, you can cross-check data such as customer
service quality, customer satisfaction level, and churn rate to
determine which factors influence cancellation.
The goal is to understand the main reasons for the customer’s loss
and reverse this process.

Campaign Optimizatio N

Your entire history of marketing campaigns can be used to project

better results in the future.
Just use predictive analytics to identify the best channels for each
content, the most successful language for each target audience, and
other variables predicting consumer acceptance.
Thus, you aim directly at the target when engaging and winning over
your audience.
 Lead Segmentatio N

Predictive analytics is also great for creating lead segmentation

strategies.
After all, one of the biggest challenges of marketing is to map the
profile of these potential customers to offer tailored content and
create infallible nutrition campaigns.
With data and machine learning, you can generate segmented
groups based on sophisticated analysis, predicting what leads want
to receive the smallest details.

Customer Relationship Management (CRM )

In CRM strategies, you can use predictive models to understand

customers’ every moment during the life cycle and purchase journey.
In this case, there is no lack of data to create multivariate models
and analyze the most diverse possible relationships between
behaviors, profiles, purchase history, interactions, and customer
perceptions.
With these powerful insights in hand, you can revolutionize your
customer relationship with personalized content, promotions, and
offers.
Fraud Detectio N

Analytical methods also allow companies to detect patterns of fraud

and prevent security breaches. With the discussion of cybersecurity
on the rise, more and more organizations are concerned with
correcting vulnerabilities and identifying any abnormalities in time to
avoid damage.
Predictive models make it much easier to identify threats in real-time
and anticipate scams.

Risk Managemen T

Risk management is another area that directly benefits from the

predictive analysis.
It would be much easier to make decisions with a complete view of
the risks and opportunities ahead, right?
Therefore, predicting the probabilities of profit or loss is the great
differentiator of advanced data analysis, whether to analyze a
customer’s credit risk or the possible consequences of an
investment.

Conclusion
Did you understand the importance of predictive analysis to see the
future of your business?
Of course, the data has no clairvoyant power. Still, it is possible to
map the possibilities for making better decisions and going beyond
your competitors.
With the impressively fast evolution of AI and machine learning, the
tendency is for algorithms to become increasingly intelligent and to
make even more accurate predictions.
As we have seen, human intelligence is indispensable in the
process, as you need to feed systems with quality data to obtain
good results.

Read more about it…

If you want to learn more about AI, Machine Learning, and Data
Science, check this article:

21 amazing Youtube channels for you to learn AI,

Machine Learning, and Data Science for free
This is the perfect moment to start learning something new,
and why not start with AI? towardsdatascience.com
 REFERENCES
1. What is Predictive Analytics? — Enterprise IT Definitions ….
https://www.hpe.com/us/en/what-is/predictive-
analytics.html
2. How Much Data Is Created Every Day in 2020?….
https://techjury.net/blog/how-much-data-is-created-every-
day/
3. Global Predictive Analytics Market expected to reach
USD …. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-
release/2017/01/12/905404/0/en/Global-Predictive-
Analytics-Market-expected-to-reach-USD-10-95-Billion-by-
2022-Zion-Market-Research.html

By Jair Ribeiro on December 4, 2020 .

Canonical link
33 - Car vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 WILL MY DAUGHTERS EVER DRIVE A
CAR?
My daughters will grow as Autonomous
Passengers in a new kind of mobility, but will
they need a driver's license?

I
am the father of three amazing daughters: Stella, a beautiful and
smart 13 years old teenager, Sofia, an incredibly smart three
years old and last but not least… Emily, just one old but already
able to show all her strong and curious character.
These girls do their best to keep me busy with all those kinds of stuff
that fathers must deal with every day. Maybe it is too early to get
worried about it.. but recently, after a pleasant conversation with a
friend that works like me in the transportation industry, I’ve started to
hear in my mind an almost philosophical question:
My daughters are digital natives, but they still use a very analogic
and traditional piece of paper to draw their amazing and fantastic
animals and flowers at home and many paper notebooks while
learning at school… so the question is: will they need a driver’s
license in 2038?
Well, considering how things are developing today, probably not…
Let me tell you why…

The dream of a new mobility

Imagine waking up early for work, getting ready, reading some news
online on your tablet while having breakfast, without worrying about
traffic and the chance of being late for having been in the traffic jam
for forty minutes.
You access an application on your cell phone and request a car to
take you to work, and in a few minutes, it arrives. A mechanical voice
says a polite “good morning, welcome,” confirms that the destination
is entered in the application. The vehicle starts the journey by driving
automatically.
The AI algorithm will calculate the shortest route considering the
variables of traffic, traffic lights, number of vehicles, accidents, and
works on the way. Whatever else may affect the trip. Comfort will be
a priority: air temperature, water if you feel thirsty, and various
playlists to choose from will be available.
This scenario seems to be the future of mobility.
My daughters will grow in this reality. Considering that, as they are
deemed Native Digital today… they will grow as Autonomous Native
Passengers in a new kind of mobility, ruled by Autonomous Vehicles.

Safety as a horizon for new mobility.

I love to imagine this autonomous scenario for the future, which may
not happen anytime soon, considering that full automation faces
“very complex” problems. It could end up reducing these vehicles to
some very restricted applications.
But I am a dreamer, and I believe that Autonomous Vehicles ’
technology is an indispensable tool for zero accidents on roads
worldwide. This will be the leading driver (pun intended) for massive
adoption.
I was born in Brazil at the end of the ’70s. I had the not desirable
fortune to grow in a country where traffic incidents used to count
more deaths than some military conflicts.
Over the years, I’ve had lost an unacceptable number of friends due
to traffic incidents.
Recent studies show some improvements, but the situation is still
dramatic , even with some increase in the number of fatal incidents.
According to the World Health Organization , in 2018, car accidents
were the leading cause of young people’s death up to 29 years old.
To give you an example, in the USA, 94% of accidents , which
caused 1.35 million deaths, had their causes related to human
errors.
It is argued that, by 2025, autonomous cars will represent 4% of the
total vehicles sold in the world and 75% in 2035, within 15 years.
This could drastically reduce the number of incidents across the
globe. I will tell you why…

Autonomous Vehicles will drive better than you do.

Autonomous vehicles will not get tired, distracted, or intoxicated
while driving.
They will be controlled by AI systems connected to redundant
sensors and other top-level electronic equipment.
They go from one place to another, as the user instructed. On the
way, they will collect all the necessary environmental information,
such as signals, pedestrians, and other vehicles, while being
directed by satellite systems to make a safe and optimized trip.
This technology has been developed globally, in universities and
research centers, and the automotive industry.
Many brilliant minds are putting a tremendous amount of money and
effort into making it happen safely and efficiently.

Rethinking our cities

If this technology succeeds, and I really believe it will, not only will
my daughters’ driving experiences will change, but the whole
metropolitan model wherever they will decide to live in the next 20
years will change, too.
According to a study carried out in the United Kingdom, shared VAs
will increase the urban space by 15 to 20%, mainly by eliminating
parking areas.
Research is being published on the international scene with
optimistic projections of the autonomous transport application in
different instances.
In the next 20 years, I see that it will be much more comfortable and
pleasant to live in cities once they start adapting to Autonomous
Vehicles.
This transformation is already taking place . I t will allow no accidents
on the road in the next 20 years, but this will depend on a process of
profound change based on three pillars where shared. Connected
mobility, autonomous and electrical will rely on technology in
vehicles also outside of them.
My daughters will grow in a complex metropolitan ecosystem formed
by drones that take people or feed agriculture, robots, and various
vehicles of different sizes that can take many people and just one
(the so-called micro-mobility ), wireless electrical charges, and other
technologies we already start to see today.
But even with all this available automation, will they be able to or
required to drive? The question is still open.. and maybe to help us
to answer that, we should look through the next point:

What are the advantages of AVs?

As we can see today, the main advantages of Autonomous vehicles
are safety enhancements and time savings.
For example, today drive for an hour to get to work could dedicate
themselves to work and do video conferences in their vehicles…
Hopefully, my daughters in 2038 will use their commuting time to
study, watch some programming language on youtube or chat with
their friends and colleagues, thanks to the increased comfort and
security delivered by the AVs.
They will probably not have a long commuting time since AVs are
expected to reduce traffic and reduce accidents due to the
remarkable optimization that AI algorithms will apply to our mobility.
For sure, their health will have a great benefit from less pollution in
our cities, because 100% of AVs in the future will be electric.

And what about the driver’s license?

But what happens if, instead of all these features and improvements
provided by full automation, my daughters will decide to put
themselves behind the steering wheel, considering that still, a
steering wheel will be available in AVs vehicles?
Well… I don’t see this as an alternative in 2038 when Emily, my
younger daughter, will be 18 years. According to research carried out
in the UK in 2019 , drivers of self-driving automobiles will need
certification to adapt to new vehicles.
According to the survey, the driver’s license will continue to be
indispensable in the future since vehicles will require human
intervention in certain circumstances.
This kind of study is beneficial to put some light on the limitation of
technology today. However, I still believe that in the next 20 years,
many of the open questions still represent a roadblock to the full
adoption of AVs will find their reliable answers. We will reach a level
of standardization and safety requirements in our roads that will be
unacceptable to allow humans to drive.
Probably we will move the ownership of the driver’s license from
humans to the algorithms directly. But this is another story that I will
cover in a future article.

Conclusion
Self-driving vehicles will become part of our lives. When controlled
by algorithms instead of humans, vehicles will lose their current
value as a fetish or status symbol and finally become a tool.
AVs’ benefits are numerous and significant. Their adoption will
represent a great challenge to many business models as we know
today.
Maybe it is too early to imagine VAs on a large scale on the streets,
but it is time to put some questions and start to prepare the ground
for them in all spheres.
Autonomous Vehicles will be a reality very soon. In 1908, Henry Ford
revolutionized the way we see cars, making them a symbol of
utilitarianism, comfort, and status. Now, after just over a hundred
years, AI will reinvent mobility and start a new era.
Read more about it
If you want, you can read more about Autonomous Vehicles in these
articles:

An Introduction to Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles have long lived in our imagination
since the Jetsons, and if we can imagine, we can do it.
The… towardsdatascience.com
How Autonomous Vehicles will redefine the concept of
mobility.
Autonomous cars are already among us and some actions
are already been taking regarding auto repair shops and
dealer… towardsdatascience.com
The Ethics of AI and Autonomous Vehicles
In a perfect world, AI should be developed to avoid
unethical issues, but that may be unlikely since those
issues can… medium.com

By Jair Ribeiro on December 5, 2020 .

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34 - People vector created by pikisuperstar - www.freepik.com
 THOUGHTS ABOUT THE NEED FOR
MORE DIVERSITY AND INCLUSION IN
AI
AI has a diversity and inclusion problem, but the
good news is that AI itself can give us a hand.

I
’m black, and I am a foreigner living in Poland, a country that still
has a long road to cover regarding diversity and inclusion of
minorities and I’ve been very active in volunteering on a local
ONG , designing and delivering workshops that help hundreds of
teenagers better understand the value of tolerance and inclusion in
our society.
I am also a father of three young girls. I’ve been very committed to
encouraging girls and women in computing because I’m sure that
diversity — not only of gender but racial and social — is fundamental
to the area in which I work: Artificial Intelligence.
Because I believe that without the right amount of diversity, AI will
not be able to reasonably contribute to solving the most relevant
problems and deepen our world’s inequality. Maybe you are asking
yourself why it matters…
Well… let me tell you simply that AI is already impacting your life
every day. Everything you do… so probably you would prefer that
these ubiquitous and almighty algorithms should be fair, ethical, and
inclusive; just life should be. If you are still not convinced, I will try to
give you something to think about…

Why does the lack of diversity in Artificial Intelligence

can be an issue?
We can count several cases of prejudice in AI systems, including
improper classification of minorities, chatbots who have learned to
disseminate hate speech (Microsoft), black people being classified
as gorillas in search engines (Google), etc.
An interesting report called Discriminating Systems — Gender, Race,
and Power in AI by the University of New York draws attention to
facts that deserve discussion: many “flaws” related to cases of
discrimination widespread in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems would
be associated with the lack of diversity in the teams that work these
technologies.
Unfortunately, this lack of diversity in AI negatively affects systems.
Many works with automatic data learning and bias (ideological,
gender, race, etc.).
To get an idea of this lack of diversity in AI teams, here are some
data from the report:
More than 80% of AI teachers are men;
Only 15% of AI researchers on Facebook and 10% of AI
researchers at Google are women;
Men currently represent around 71% of the group of
candidates for IA US jobs, as shown in the 2018 AI Index
report.

As Rob Doyle wrote in an interesting article about Sexism in Tech:

An Inconvenient Truth :
To tackle sexism in the tech industry, first, the status quo must
change. Then, it must be consistently monitored at all levels. This
involves solving problems in the current workplace and getting things
right at an educational level. More females need to be encouraged to
learn STEM subjects to create an equilibrium in the tech industry — 
Rob Doyle
This lack of diversity can be considered as a reflection of the field of
Computer Science itself, considering that it is estimated that only
24% of computer professionals are women. I wrote an article about
it:
It’s clear that one of the biggest problems here is not the data or the
algorithms: it is the blind spots created by the lack of diversity — of
experience, education, and thinking — in the teams that develop AI,
which makes it challenging to anticipate biases and their potential
impact.
Machine learning plays a crucial role in most of the artificial
intelligence solutions used today. It is the process by which large
amounts of data are used to train AI systems to, for example, extract
meaning from text or audio files to answer questions or make
recommendations.
Flawed data and biased models can easily lead AI to erroneous
conclusions that affect people’s credit scores, employment options,
school admissions, and their level of risk in criminal court cases.

Artificial intelligence & diversity

Despite being a recent technology, Artificial Intelligence has already
shown its value in the field of health, education, and urban mobility,
among others.
Considering the pace at AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning
has been developing in recent years, it is expected that Artificial
Intelligence (AI) will profoundly modify the way we live and work.
One of the areas in which this paradigm may stand out in the future
is related to Diversity & Inclusion within companies.
AI can detect potential bias and prejudice in decision-making by
simulating intelligent behavior, potentially reducing trends and
prejudices that could hinder organizations’ ability to recruit diversely
and inclusively.
Machines do not have an intrinsic propensity to let their personal
experiences, opinions, and beliefs influence their decisions. Still, we
need to consider that computers are based on data and algorithms
created by the people who developed them.
Consequently, if designed and applied ethically, through
multidisciplinary and diverse teams, AI can detect situations of
potential bias and prejudice in decision making, particularly the one
that, being unintentional, becomes more difficult to see.
Can AI itself help us to solve the lack of diversity
in AI?
Artificial Intelligence has several ways to impact Diversity & Inclusion
within organizations, including promoting equal access to work
opportunities and supporting HR departments in making more ethical
decisions.
AI can support the development of more diverse and inclusive
workplaces allowing access to employment opportunities, supporting
the design of more inclusive job ads, managing an ethical
recruitment and selection process, and of course, minimizing
prejudice during the worker’s life cycle.
Despite the AI hype, we must not forget that this technology depends
on humans’ data collected and selected.
Given that AI solution development depends on human decisions
and design, human beings have several unconscious biases; data
and machine learning models must be tested and monitored
continuously to ensure that they fit their objective in a very ethical
way.
By the way, if you want to find out which are your biases, you can
take the Implicit Association Test (IAT), carried out by Harvard
University.

Conclusion
As important as the improvements and optimizations that AI can
bring to society, it must also be put in the condition to be ethical,
diverse, and inclusive.
As we saw, the potential benefits of inclusion and diversity are
irrefutable; therefore, if automation is a welcome move for
companies that invest in technology, the diversity of teams is
essential for this to be a path of no return.

Read more about it

If you want to read more about AI ethics, Diversity and Inclusion, and
also about volunteering, here are some other articles that I’ve written
about it:

14 inspiring and influential women who defy the

gender gap in Data Science!
Just 15% of today’s scientists are women. Like most STEM
fields, data science has a daunting gender diversity
problem… medium.com
The European Commission has its Ethical Guide on
Artificial Intelligence. Why does it matter?
The European Union hopes that the creation of robust
ethical guides will give European technology companies
an… jairribeiro.medium.com
Here is The Vatican’s plan for the development of
ethical AI.
The Vatican presented a study on how to bring more ethics
to the development of artificial intelligence for humanity.
medium.com
A mini-guide to the E.U.’’s new Artificial Intelligence
and Data Regulation plan
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen
wants Europe to have the capability” to create its own
choices… medium.com
Why do I volunteer, and why should you do it too?
I started to volunteer with WrOpenUp in 2016, a few
months after moving to Wroclaw. I don’t remember exactly
how it… medium.com
 REFERENCES:
1. Annual IBM List Celebrates Global Women Leaders
Shaping …. https://newsroom.ibm.com/2020-05-06-
Annual-IBM-List-Celebrates-Global-Women-Leaders-
Shaping-the-Future-of-Artificial-Intelligence
2. Como a falta de diversidade nas equipes de Inteligência
Artificial (IA) tem afetado as tecnologias — Patrick Pedreira 
— https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/como-falta-de-
diversidade-nas-equipes-intelig%C3%AAncia-ia-pedreira
3. ‘Disastrous’ lack of diversity in the AI industry
perpetuates ….
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/apr/16/artific
ial-intelligence-lack-diversity-new-york-university-study
4. Corp! salutes diversity award winners — Corp! Magazine.
https://www.corpmagazine.com/features/cover-stories/corp-
salutes-diversity-winners/
5. Paving the Way for Diversity in the Decade of Ubiquitous
AI — https://www.ibm.com/blogs/think/2020/05/paving-the-
way-for-diversity-in-the-decade-of-ubiquitous-ai/
6. Racial discrimination persists at Facebook and Google ….
https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/02/10/racial-
discrimination-persists-facebook-google-employees-
say/4307591002/
7. Charter School Governance: An Exploration of Autonomy
and ….
https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewconten
t.cgi?article=2604&context=etd
8. IBM BrandVoice: For AI That Works For Everyone, We
Need …. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ibm/2019/12/09/for-
ai-that-works-for-everyone-we-need-everyone-to-help-
design-it/
 9. IIDA’s Leadership Discusses the Importance of Diversity
in …. https://www.interiorsandsources.com/article-
details/articleid/22798/title/iida-diversity-design-industry
10. Discriminating Systems — Gender, Race, and Power in AI 
— University of New York — 
https://ainowinstitute.org/discriminatingsystems.pdf
11. Eye-Opening Statistics on Diversity Every Recruiter
Needs …. https://www.censia.com/blog/diversity-statistics/

By Jair Ribeiro on December 7, 2020 .

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35 - Business vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 WHAT IS PRESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICS,
AND WHAT CAN IT DO FOR YOUR
BUSINESS.
A great tool that supports businesses,
optimizing resources, and increasing
operational efficiency.

P
rescriptive Analytics is one of the steps of business analytics,
including descriptive and predictive analysis. It suggests
decision options to take advantage of the results of descriptive
and predictive analytics.
It can be utilized to find a solution among various variants, using
different simulation and optimization techniques to indicate the path
that should be taken.
With Prescriptive Analytics, companies can get smart
recommendations to optimize the next steps in their strategy.
Along with predictive analytics, prescriptive analytics help to create a
more effective data-based strategy.
Both predictive and prescriptive analytics is critical to making
business decisions based on data.
However, the most significant difference between predictive and
prescriptive analytics is that predictive analytics predicts what will
happen in the future. In contrast, prescriptive analytics offers specific
recommendations for changing the future.
With Prescriptive analytics, we can find a solution among various
variants to optimize resources and increase operational efficiency.
This tool uses different simulation and optimization techniques to
indicate the path that should be taken.
Prescriptive analysis is based on:
Operations investigation
Predictive Analysis
Mathematical techniques and statistics

Its application seeks to determine each assumption’s limitations

based on the study of data and applying mathematical algorithms
and probabilistic techniques.
It can be said that it is a learning process that adapts to obtain the
best possible result in all real situations that must be faced.

Why prescriptive analysis matters to your business?

Thanks to information obtained through prescriptive analysis, it is
possible for companies to make future decisions, such as:
Calculate past sales of a product to determine the number
of replacements.
Know the tendency of customers in certain products to
launch marketing campaigns, according to users’ needs.
Predict equipment failures, which provides for maintenance
at the right time.
Know customers’ purchasing habits and punctuality of
payment to determine whether it is appropriate to grant
credit.

It is possible that some of these decisions can be made manually

and correctly. However, the information is bigger and more
complicated, and the processes, although more complex, need to be
resolved urgently.
Prescriptive analysis has benefits such as:
Optimization of processes, campaigns , and strategies.
Minimizes maintenance needs and interconnects them for
better conditions.
Reduce costs without affecting performance.
 It increases the likelihood that companies will approach
and plan for internal growth properly.
Qualitative research method — know the characteristics that
distinguish it.
Production optimization .
Efficient supply chain management .
Improved customer service and experience.

Due to its complexity, there are still few companies that use
prescriptive analysis.
However, prescriptive analysis benefits have already become
evident in many fields, including, but not limited to, healthcare,
insurance, financial risk management, and sales and marketing
operations.
Among its most significant advantages, it stands out that it allows
decision making based on data, Allowing an end-to-end view of
costs, processes, and performance.
It is possible to quantify risks and have access to actions considered
ideal in different circumstances. Algorithms have the ability, through
current data, to predict consequences arising from each decision
made.
Therefore, it allows you to follow the path that offers more
satisfactory results.
The prescriptive analysis allows more effective planning to be carried
out in Marketing and Sales actions, bringing information that
significantly impacts business intelligence.
Therefore, decisions are made according to facts, knowing the
consequences that will arise from them.
Despite the prescriptive analysis potential, it will only affect a joint
work between machine and human being.
That’s because technology doesn’t make decisions alone. She
organizes the information, analyzes the scenario, and indicates the
best thing to do, leaving the professional to proceed with the
suggestions.
Conclusion
As we saw, Prescriptive Analytics has great potential to support
businesses, optimizing resources, and increasing operational
efficiency.
They no longer need to use their efforts to analyze data, make
projections and research needs, and think of solutions that suggest
options that can be used to make future decisions and reduce risk.
This powerful AI tool allows you to process data continuously and
improve forecasts to offer new alternatives when making your
business decisions.

Other articles you may want to read

If you want to learn more about AI, Machine Learning, and Data
Science, I suggest you have a look at these other articles:

23 Amazing Youtube Channels for you to Learn AI,

Machine Learning, and Data Science for Free…
This is the perfect moment to start learning something new,
and why not start with AI? medium.com
What is Predictive Analytics, and how can you use it
today?
To see the future, you can rely on two tools: a crystal ball
or Predictive Analytics. towardsdatascience.com
A gentle Introduction to Data Literacy
Data literacy is a relatively recent trend that simultaneously
in business that making informed decisions. Let’s find…
towardsdatascience.com

By Jair Ribeiro on December 9, 2020 .

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36 - Business vector created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com
 INTRODUCTION TO THE FUTURE WITH
5G, AI, AND IOT.
Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and 5G are set to
define our future, but what can we expect from
this relationship?

I
f you were not living in a cave during the last 2 or 3 years, you
probably have heard about 5G. AI and IoT.
In many conversations I had, and in many articles I’ve been
reading during the last years, 5G, IoT, and AI has often been
associated for many different reasons. And today, I want to explore
this enjoyable technological cooperation.

It is more than the internet…

5G is far from being just fast internet. The next generation of mobile
telephony is also a paradigm shift in our era. It will allow the use of
devices and applications that only work through high data traffic.
In a character of technological revolution, 5G will allow it to become
routine to see cars that drive by themselves, doctors that operate at
a distance, robots that perform essential tasks in the industry, etc.
According to a recent survey by Qualcomm, already at an economic
level and generating revenue of $ 13.2 trillion by 2035 , 5G will help
create about 22 million jobs by the same year.
The new world scenario with 5G seems like a description of Jetsons'
episode. Still, the truth is that this scenario is what awaits us in a
short time — and no longer in a distant and hypothetical future.
Getting to know a little bit more about 5G
The first generation (the so-called 1G), it was he who allowed the
use of those brick cell phones, a mark of the late 90s and early
2000s.
Then came 2G, the most prominent brand of which was SMS
consolidation.
3G arrived soon after. Its differential was internet access,
consolidated by 4G, which started to offer a faster internet — and we
began to use the cell phone to see series and other actions that
required a good connection.
Now it’s 5G’s turn. Although it is similar to 4G in the sense of
needing antennas that transmit electromagnetic waves, to implement
a 5G network, it is necessary to build many more structures to
handle the waves. Hence, its existence affects the infrastructure of
cities.
It is crucial to establish the main differentials of 5G concerning other
internet generations:
Ultra speed: it is estimated that browsing and downloading
can be 10 to 20 times faster than we currently know.
Low latency: do you know that delay when you talk on
Skype with someone in another country? It will cease to
exist. Today, a delay of 50 milliseconds is calculated; with
5G this number drops to 1 millisecond. This aspect will be
critical, for example, to autonomous vehicles soon.

Getting to know a little bit more about AI

Artificial intelligence was created in 1956, but it only became popular
today thanks to the increasing volumes of available data, advanced
algorithms, and computing power and storage improvements.
The first AI research in the 1950s explored topics such as problem-
solving and symbolic methods. It paved the way for the automation
and the framework we see in today’s computers, including decision
support systems and intelligent research systems that can be
designed to complement and expand human capabilities.
Over these years, AI has evolved to provide many specific benefits
for all industries.
Artificial intelligence is present in machines or devices that
reproduce the human mind’s functioning in different activities.
These tasks are operated through machine learning, NLP, deep
learning, pattern recognition, and sentiment analysis.
More precisely, AI, like Machine Learning, Computer Vision, or
Natural Language Processing, is already present in our day, through
digital assistants such as Siri, for example; also in e-commerce when
using a chatbot to do customer service.
Whenever there is a technology with the capacity to make decisions
autonomously, there is an AI behind it.
However, there is much more potential in the relationship between AI
and the activities of our day.
And this is where the Internet of Things (or IoT) comes into the
game.

Getting to know a little bit more about IoT

The Concept of the Internet of Things, in short, IoT, refers to the
connection of various objects to the internet, in addition to those that
we are already used to, such as smartphones, tablets, and
computers.
These objects, combined with automated systems, can help collect
information in real-time, analyze it, and create response actions as
needed.
Thus, the Internet of Things is nothing more than an expansion of
connectivity.
The search for an understanding of what IoT is and how this
innovation will impact our daily lives has intensified.
Imagine that until very recently, a pocket watch marked hours,
minutes, and seconds. Today, in addition to the alarm clock, we have
smartwatches that make calls, count steps, send messages, carry
personal information, and connect to social networks. Seeing the
time has become almost a prop.
The idea of IoT is to make things smarter and more connected.
Experts say that if you can turn something on and off, it can be
connected and part of the IoT universe.
The meaning of IoT, or the internet of things, refers to the set of
devices that are not naturally digital but can collect information,
send, act on them, or all these actions.
We see IoT in the smart devices we wear daily, like watches that
measure user habits. Indoors through devices capable of performing
some task, such as voice-activated equipment or a refrigerator with
food management tools.
Through a concept called the smart city, cities improve the elements
available in the public space. With technology, it is possible to control
car traffic, allowing the implantation of vehicle counts in transit and
establishing new traffic light configurations.
Finally, IoT is present in the industry, automating some features,
improving the supply chain using robots, and reducing errors.
The revolution that is being discussed is represented in this triad: IA,
5G, and IoT: a concept format with three pillars:
5G: the fast network that helps applications work.
Big data: the large volume of data to be processed.
Artificial intelligence: the algorithms behind smart
devices.

What will be the relationship between AI, 5G,

and IoT?
The combination of AI, 5G, and IoT will move us to new ways of
experiencing the world.
Combined, these technologies will create immense opportunities for
users and businesses.
If we consider that in the past, 3G and 4G technologies represented,
for people’s connectivity, the same as the first steps in the production
and use of electricity: the solution of fundamental structural problems
we can expect that 5G, together with Artificial Intelligence, will
represent a turning point for the entire world economy.
Today, according to a report published by California-based network
testing company Viavi Solutions , 5G is at least partially available in
378 cities in a total of 34 countries, and the consumer has been very
receptive to technology.
With the adoption of 5G, users will consume, on average, three
times more data than the 4G user. It means much more information
will be available to the public. This will be a full plate for using
technologies that improve consumer understanding like AI, big data ,
and IoT, among others.
As it is a new network that will address more complex problems than
previous technologies, the 5G design will benefit from artificial
intelligence.
AI will make it possible to predict how customers move around the
network and where and at what time they make the most traffic.
Through machine learning, the 5G network will adjust parameters,
configuration, and capacity automatically, having a clear benefit from
artificial intelligence algorithms and features.

Conclusion
AI, more precisely Machine Learning, and the IoT are part of the
world we live in, and very soon, 5G will be so.
It is an important start to pay attention to them to ensure a
competitive advantage. Currently, the use of these tools drives
businesses to generate automated and more agile services. This
consequently impacts the final consumer.
5G will give more power to cloud computing and AI and creates new
business possibilities, connecting people in different places around
the world as if they were face to face, without delay in
communication.
A little bit of confusion between AI and. It exists today because it is
challenging to apply Artificial Intelligence to everyday situations
without the Internet of Things.
With the enormous amount of data generated by objects connected
to the internet, the algorithms make the machines learn and work.
Likewise, the IoT needs Artificial Intelligence to analyze the data
collected without a human performing this processing to give
immediate and automatic results.
Now the 5G enters this equation with an unforeseen potential for
acceleration and disruption.

References

1. Internet of Things (IoT) and Third-Party Risk — Shared ….

https://sharedassessments.org/blog/internet-of-things-iot-
and-third-party-risk/
2. 5G Economy to Generate $13.2 Trillion in Sales
Enablement by 2035 — 
https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2019/11/07/5g-
economy-generate-132-trillion-sales-enablement-2035
3. Artificial Intelligence: Big Data and Internet of Things ….
https://dig.watch/sessions/artificial-intelligence-big-data-
and-internet-things
4. AI and IoT: Tech’s New BFFs — InformationWeek.
https://www.informationweek.com/big-data/ai-machine-
learning/ai-and-iot-techs-new-bffs/a/d-id/1332108
5. Which countries have 5G? | The Week UK.
https://www.theweek.co.uk/106957/which-countries-have-
5g
6. Artificial Intelligence: Big Data and Internet of Things ….
https://dig.watch/sessions/artificial-intelligence-big-data-
and-internet-things

By Jair Ribeiro on December 10, 2020 .

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37 - Business vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
 THESE ARE SOME OF THE BEST
YOUTUBE CHANNELS, WHERE YOU
CAN LEARN POWERBI AND DATA
ANALYTICS FOR FREE.
Power BI is a “powerful” Microsoft program
focused on Business Intelligence. You should
definitively learn how to use it now.

P
ower BI is a business analytics service that enables you to see
all of your data through a single pane of glass. Live Power BI
dashboards and reports include visualizations and KPIs from
data residing both on-premises and in the cloud, offering a
consolidated view across your business, regardless of where your
data lives.
Power BI Desktop is a powerful new visual data exploration and
interactive reporting tool. It provides a free-form canvas for drag-and-
drop exploration of your data and an extensive library of interactive
visualizations while streamlining report creation and publishing to the
Power BI service.
It already has its legion of fans (I’m one of them) and an excellent
base when it comes to “market share.”
Every day more people who already work with BI, Analitycs,
Performance, Sales, and even Finance or HR already find in this
platform the right solution for the day to day in the company.
One of the main reasons is fluidity. The solution integrates with
Microsoft environments (SQL Databases, Azure, DataBricks,
Onedrive, Flow, etc.…). There is much information about Power BI,
the internet being a good part free and relatively complete.
Why PowerBI?
We live in a world where business intelligence goes from an optional
tool to a requirement for companies that want to grow. And I believe
that in this world, learning Power BI has become essential.
Power BI is one of the most interactive options for businesses that
want to start their data-based decision-making path. Its benefits and
differentials have given it great popularity among data analysts.
If you want to get valuable insights from your data but you are not
yet familiar with the tool or maybe, more than that, if you want to
know how to level your team’s knowledge in Power BI, here you go.
This article will highlight some of the best YouTube Channels that
teach at different levels how to use the tool and even integrate with
other solutions with cases close to the real ones found in the
professionals’ routine.
Microsoft PowerBI Channel (243K subscribers)
First of all, you should have a look at the official PowerBI Youtube
Channel by Microsoft.
Microsoft Power BI
Power BI is a business analytics service that enables you to see all
of your data through a single pane of glass. Live…
www.youtube.com
PowerBI Tips (6.38K subscribers)
This is the official PowerBI. Tips YouTube channel. Videos and
content provided by PowerBI.Tips will be shared here.
Power BI Tips
This is the official PowerBI.Tips YouTube channel. Videos and
content provided by PowerBI.Tips will be shared here.
www.youtube.com
A guy in a Cube (150K subscribers)
A Cube guy is all about helping you master business analytics on the
Microsoft Business analytics stack to allow you to drive business
growth. The channel looks at how to leverage Microsoft Business
Analytics to gain the knowledge needed to shape the data your
business cares about. This includes Power BI, Reporting Services,
Analysis Services, and Excel. If you work with our business analytics
products or services, be sure to subscribe and join in discussion with
the weekly content.
Guy in a Cube
Guy in a Cube is all about helping you master business analytics on
the Microsoft Business analytics stack to allow you…
www.youtube.com
BI Elite (28.4K subscribers)
Power BI and DAX tips and tricks from a Microsoft Data Platform
MVP. This channel is designed to teach you how to get the most out
of Power BI and make you a superuser in no time.
BI Elite
Power BI and DAX tips and tricks from a Microsoft Data Platform
MVP. This channel is designed to teach you how to get…
www.youtube.com
Curbal (57K subscribers)
In this channel, you can learn how to take advantage of your data
with Microsoft Power BI and Excel.
Curbal
Learn how to take advantage of your data with Microsoft Power BI
and Excel. We update the channel once a week with: 1…
www.youtube.com
Enterprise DNA (41.6K subscribers)
Enterprise DNA TV has been created for you…the Power BI super
users! We are creating an analytical movement to rid the world of
poor, time-consuming reporting that makes no value for anyone
using this fantastic tool, Power BI. This channel comprehensively
covers how to utilize all Power BI areas, with a big focus on using
the DAX language to unleash powerful analytical insights from your
data.
Enterprise DNA https://www.youtube.com/c/EnterpriseDNA/featured
RADACAD (13.2K subscribers)
RADACAD is all about helping YOU to get more insight from YOUR
data. They publish videos weekly about using Power BI and AI in
real-life day-to-day challenges of using these tools to analyze your
data and get more meaningful information using dashboards,
reports, and visualization in Power BI. And Also, learn how to step
up and do predictive analytics using Machine Learning and use AI.
RADACAD
RADACAD is all about helping YOU to get more insight from YOUR
data. We publish videos weekly about using Power BI and…
www.youtube.com
Pavan Lalwani  — POWER BI (7.23K subscribers)
Pavan is a freelancer Corporate Trainer for Power BI, Tableau,
Microsoft, IBM, and HP software whose mission is to help
professionals take control of their skills and present them in a way
that inspires, impresses, and builds confidence in their abilities,
products, and services.
Pavan Lalwani - POWER BI
Fascination is one word that describes my curiosity to understand
the world around me. "Never let your memories be…
www.youtube.com

Other resources
Not only YouTube channels…, If you want to learn more, the internet
is full of free resources — both for those trying to learn from scratch
and for those who want to improve their skills on the tool. I would
suggest you have a look also at the following:
Microsoft Guided Learnin G

What can be better than learning directly from the creators

themselves? This free resource from Microsoft allows you to work
with the tool to create your first chart to learn advanced features.
With its set of tutorials, you can walk through Power BI very quickly
and learn to do some of the most common tasks to get started,
including how to ensure data integrity.
It provides an overview of the visualization tool, connecting to data
sources, modeling, creating, and customizing simple visualizations.
You can also see how to use Excel data in Power BI, an introduction
to DAX, and more. You can sign up for free here to take advantage
of the resources.
Power BI on Microsoft Learn
Collections Learn how to get the most out of your organization's
dashboards and reports. Explore the collection… docs.microsoft.com
Microsoft PowerBI Blo G

This is one of the best ways to learn Power BI and recap all the tool
features. It is an excellent addition to your learning. It keeps you
updated on new developments that the company brings to the tool
directly from the Microsoft Power BI team.
Power BI Blog-Updates and News | Microsoft Power BI
Today, Microsoft announced the general availability of Azure
Synapse Analytics and the preview of Azure Purview, a…
powerbi.microsoft.com

Microsoft PowerBI Webinar S

Another essential feature of Microsoft is the webinars, which present

several concepts related to Power BI. From introductory training to
design concepts, webinars offer videos for the uninitiated and for
those who wish to improve their tool skills.
Power BI webinars - Power BI
Register for our upcoming live webinars or watch our recorded
sessions on-demand. Upcoming webinars from the Power BI…
docs.microsoft.com
Official Power BI Communit Y
Microsoft offers a way to dedicate itself to learning Power BI through
its interactive community, comprised of technology enthusiasts. In
the form of a forum, the community engages discussions on various
trending topics about Power BI.
Being a member of this community and participating in lectures can
be one of the best ways to equip yourself with the tool’s usability and
various developments around it. You can encourage your team to
participate in the forum.
Microsoft Power BI Community
This forum is for the students of the EdX.org Power BI class to
discuss specific class related questions. If you have a…
community.powerbi.com

Conclusion
Power BI is a powerful tool for managerial vision. However, To get
the best from it, you and your team must know how to use the
software's full potential. Investing in training in this regard is
essential. I hope I have helped you to find the best free resources
online.

One more thing…

If you want to read more about Analytics and Data literacy, which are
very correlated topics to PowerBI, I’ve selected some other articles
for you:

What is Predictive Analytics, and how can you use it

today?
To see the future, you can rely on two tools: a crystal ball
or Predictive Analytics. towardsdatascience.com
What is Prescriptive Analytics, and what can it do for
your business?
A great tool that supports businesses, optimizing
resources, and increasing operational efficiency.
towardsdatascience.com
 A gentle Introduction to Data Literacy
Data literacy is a relatively recent trend that simultaneously
in business that making informed decisions. Let’s find…
towardsdatascience.com

By Jair Ribeiro on December 15, 2020 .

Canonical link
38- Cartoon vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 WHAT IS TINYML, AND WHY DOES IT
MATTER?
Learn the basic concept, the benefits, and
where to start into this tiny revolution.

T
iny Machine Learning (or TinyML) is a machine learning
technique that integrates reduced and optimized machine
learning applications that require “full-stack” (hardware, system,
software, and applications) solutions, including machine learning
architectures, techniques, tools, and approaches capable of
performing on-device analytics at the very edge of the cloud.
TinyML can be implemented in low energy systems, such as sensors
or microcontrollers , to perform automated tasks.
With TinyML, we can do more with less. The technique is still ML, but
with less energy, costs, and without an internet connection.

A small device for a tremendous impact.

This could be a summary for Tiny Machine Learning (or TinyML),
emerging breakthroughs within artificial intelligence without
exaggeration.
If we consider that, according to a forecast by ABI Research, by
2030, it is likely that around 2.5 billion devices will reach the market
through TinyML techniques, having as the primary benefit the
creation of smart IoT devices and, more than that, popularize them
through a possible reduction in costs.
What’s more, the Silent Intelligence consultancy survey reinforces
the previous forecast: TinyML can reach more than $ 70 billion in
economic value in the next five years. You can’t go unnoticed by
these figures. Several companies are already organizing themselves
to create chips to be used in TinyML implementation.
Also, different ML professionals have been organizing themselves to
define this segment’s best practices , which is likely to be
strengthened very quickly.
Most IoT devices perform a specific task. They receive input via a
sensor, perform calculations, and send data or perform an action.
The usual IoT approach is to collect data and send it to a centralized
registration server. Then, you can use machine learning to conclude.
But why don’t we make these devices smart at the embedded
system level? We can build solutions like smart traffic signs based
on traffic density, send an alert when your refrigerator runs out of
stock, or even predict rain based on weather data.
The challenge with embedded systems is that they are tiny. And
most of them run on battery. ML models consume a lot of processing
power. Machine learning tools like Tensorflow are not suitable for
creating models on IoT devices.

Cracking the small ML

In TinyML, the same ML architecture and approach is used, but on
smaller devices capable of performing different functions, from
answering audio commands to executing actions through chemical
interactions.
But how do we get TinyML? Many tools can help us to run machine
learning models on IoT devices.
The most famous is Tensorflow Lite . With Tensorflow Lite, you can
group your Tensorflow models to run on embedded systems.
Tensorflow Lite offers small binaries capable of running on low power
embedded systems.
One example is the use of TinyML in environmental sensors.
Imagine that the device is trained to identify temperature and gas
quality in a forest. This device can be essential for risk assessment
and identification of fire principles.
Some of the main differentials of the technology are:
 Data Security : As there is no need to transfer information
to external environments, data privacy is more guaranteed.

Energy savings : Transferring information requires an

extensive server infrastructure. When there is no data
transmission, energy and resources are saved,
consequently in costs.
No connection dependency : If the device depends on
the Internet to work, and it goes down, it will be impossible
to send the data to the server. You try to use a voice
assistant, and it does not respond because it is
disconnected from the Internet.
Latency : Data Transfer takes time and often brings in a
delay . When it does not involve this process, the result is
instantaneous.

Python is generally the preferred language for building ML models.

Still, with TensorFlow Lite, you can use C, C ++, or Java to create
machine learning models.
Connecting to the network is an energy-consuming operation. Using
Tensorflow Lite, you can deploy machine learning models without the
need to connect to the Internet. This also solves security issues
since embedded systems are relatively easier to exploit.
Tensorflow Lite offers pre-trained machine learning models for
everyday use cases. These include:
Object detection is used to recognize multiple objects in
an image, supporting up to 80 different items.
Smart responses   — Generates intelligent responses,
similar to what you get when interacting with a
conversational AI or a chatbot.
Recommendations   — It offers customized
recommendation systems based on user behavior.

There are some valid alternatives to Tensorflow Lite. Two strong

competitors are:
 CoreML  — Apple library for building machine learning
models on iOS devices.
PyTorch Mobile  — mobile version of Facebook’s PyTorch
deep learning library.

TinyML is still in its early stages. Improvements are being made to

Tensorflow Lite and other TinyML frameworks to support complex
machine learning models.
It may take some time before we definitively start to see the
dominant adoption of TinyML. But make no mistake, smart devices
are coming.

Where can you learn more about TinyML?

Currently, the leading community is around the tinyML Foundation ,
which aims to build a global community of researchers, engineers,
product managers to develop cutting-edge technology, promoting
and stimulating knowledge on the subject.
But I would like to recommend a fascinating book (I’m reading it at
this moment, and probably I will write a review about it very soon..)
called Tiny ML: Machine Learning with Tensorflow Lite on
Arduino and Ultra-Low-Power Microcontrollers , by Pete Warden
and Daniel Situnayake, that is an introductory work to the TinyML
universe.
The book aims to help understand how we can train small models
who understand audio, image, and data to perform some tasks.
According to the book’s description, no previous ML or
microcontrollers’ experience is necessary to accompany the work. I
think it worths to have a look.

Conclusion
TinyML will open up a series of possibilities for applications in IoT
devices, such as TVs, cars, coffee machines, watches, and other
devices so that they have intelligent functionalities that today are
restricted in computers and smartphones.
We will see voice interfaces in almost everything in the future. As
soon as we can create suitable voice interfaces at a low cost, we will
have them on any consumer item, replacing buttons on any devices,
especially if you think of devices combining audio and video. I want
to be ready for that, what about you?

One more thing…

If you want to read more about Machine Learning, AI, IoT, and 5G,
I've selected some interesting articles that you may like to read:

Introduction to the Future With 5G, AI, and IoT.

Artificial Intelligence, IoT, and 5G are set to define our
future, but what can we expect from this relationship?
medium.com
The best free courses to learn AI, ML, and Data
Science today.
More than 60 courses with ratings and a brief summary
(Made by AI, of course). medium.com
The most impressive Youtube Channels for you to
Learn AI, Machine Learning, and Data Science.
This is the perfect moment to start learning something new,
and why not start with AI? medium.com
 REFERENCES
1. Google Scholar — TinyML — 
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=tinyML&btnG=
2. MicroNets: Neural Network Architectures for Deploying
TinyML Applications on Commodity Microcontrollers — 
https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11267
3. TensorFlow Lite Micro: Embedded Machine Learning on
TinyML Systems — https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.08678
4. Why the Future of Machine Learning is Tiny — 
https://petewarden.com/2018/06/11/why-the-future-of-
machine-learning-is-tiny/
5. How Engineers Are Using TinyML to Build Smarter Edge
Devices — https://new.engineering.com/story/how-
engineers-are-using-tinyml-to-build-smarter-edge-devic e
6. tinyml如何使用TensorFlow Lite构建智能物联网设备
_weixin_26750481的博客-CSDN博客.
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_26750481/article/details/10849
9905
7. Why TinyML is a giant opportunity — 
https://venturebeat.com/2020/01/11/why-tinyml-is-a-giant-
opportunity/

By Jair Ribeiro on December 22, 2020 .

Canonical link
39 - Business vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 THE BEST MIT ONLINE RESOURCES
FOR YOU TO LEARN AI AND MACHINE
LEARNING FOR FREE
Studying at MIT can be very expensive, but
currently, more than 200 courses are available
for free, and here you have a list of some of
the…

Y
ou probably heard about the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, also known as MIT .
MIT is one of the world’s leading centers of study and research
in science, engineering, and technology. Founded in 1861 in
Cambridge, USA, the institute trained professionals to meet the
demand of industries growing fast. Only in the mid-1930s did MIT
focus its training on basic scientific research and technological
innovation.
Studying at MIT is expensive, around $ 60,000 a year, and its
average scholarship amount for international students is the US $
32,000 — but in some cases, it can reach 100%. On average, 62% of
its students receive some form of financial aid. In graduate school,
almost 90% of students receive some scholarship. But there is
another way to be part of it?
More than 200 courses are available — many of them in science and
technology, but with options also in economics, business, history,
biology, sociology, and others.
Since 2008, the institution started to incorporate videos into online
courses. Currently, more than 100 courses have complete video
classes with teachers from the institution. But our focus here will be
AI and Machine Learning courses.
Why should you learn AI and Machine Learning?
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning — its main component
today — are two of the most recurring themes today regarding
innovation. Although most of the approaches are quite rich and
positive, there is still a little exaggeration in the results’ expectations.
And sometimes even suggestions for applications where AI would
not necessarily be the best option.
Artificial intelligence is not a trend. It is a fact that there is still a little
exaggeration in forecasts for the future.
However, a recent cycle of advances in algorithms and
computational infrastructure has generated commercially relevant
results.
Today, even professionals with other backgrounds, such as
designers , developers, testers , and product own ers, can and
should have a broad view of AI.
In this way, they can think about the day-to-day, in each of their
projects, how to incorporate these concepts, advising customers
about it, and generating more value for all involved.
I believe that many professionals outside the exact sciences can and
should learn the basics of AI to increase their potential contribution,
either for their employers or our society.

Are you ready?

But before you jump into the MIT online learning experience, I would
like to invite you to watch this exciting lecture by professor Jeremy
Kepner and Vijay Gadepally from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory that will
provide an overview of artificial intelligence and took a deep dive into
machine learning, including supervised learning, unsupervised
learning, and reinforcement learning.
https://youtu.be/t4K6lney7Zw

Now you can go to and find the best training course by MIT that will
help you to build your deep expertise in AI and Machine Learning:
 Artificial Intelligence

This course introduces students to the basic knowledge

representation, problem-solving, and learning methods of artificial
intelligence. Upon completion of 6.034, students should be able to
develop intelligent systems by assembling solutions to concrete
computational problems; understand the role of knowledge
representation, problem-solving, and learning in intelligent-system
engineering; and appreciate the role of problem-solving, vision, and
language in understanding human intelligence from a computational
perspective. [1]
Artificial Intelligence
This course introduces students to the basic knowledge
representation, problem solving, and learning methods of…
ocw.mit.edu
Introduction To Machine Learning

This course explores simulation and prediction concepts, algorithms,

and machine learning applications. It involves formulating learning
problems, representation definitions, overfitting, and generalization.
These principles are exercised in supervised learning and
reinforcement learning, applying to images and temporal sequences.
Introduction to Machine Learning
This course introduces principles, algorithms, and applications of
machine learning from the point of view of modeling…
openlearninglibrary.mit.edu

Machine Learning

This course introduces machine learning that provides an overview

of many machine learning principles, techniques, and algorithms,
starting with classification and linear regression and concluding more
recent issues like boosting, supporting vector machines, and hidden
Markov models Bayesian networks. The course will give students the
fundamental ideas and intuition behind current machine learning
methods and a more systematic understanding of how, why, and
when they work. The underlying theme is statistical inference since it
provides the basis for most of the methods covered.
Machine Learning
6.867 is an introductory course on machine learning which gives an
overview of many concepts, techniques, and… ocw.mit.edu
Introduction To Computational Thinking And Data Science

This course is for learners with little to no programming experience.

It aims to offer students an understanding of computing's role in
solving problems and helping students write small programs.
Using Python 3.5 programming language.
Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science
6.0002 is the continuation of 6.0001 Introduction to Computer
Science and Programming in Python and is intended for…
ocw.mit.edu
Techniques In Artificial Intelligence (SMA 5504)

A graduate-level guide to artificial intelligence. Topics discussed

include first-order representation and inference, current deterministic
and decision-theoretical planning techniques, simple supervised
learning methods, and Bayesian network inference and learning.
Techniques in Artificial Intelligence (SMA 5504)
6.825 is a graduate-level introduction to artificial intelligence. Topics
covered include: representation and inference… ocw.mit.edu

Mathematics Of Machine Learning

Machine Learning refers to automatic pattern recognition in data. As

such, new statistical and algorithmic advances became the fertile
ground. This course aims to provide a mathematically rigorous
introduction to these developments with emphasis on methodology
and interpretation.
Mathematics of Machine Learning
Broadly speaking, Machine Learning refers to the automated
identification of patterns in data. As such it has been a… ocw.mit.edu
 Introduction To Deep Learning

MIT’s introductory course on deep learning approaches with

computer vision, natural language processing, genetics, and more!
Students gain basic knowledge of deep learning algorithms and
experience in developing neural networks in TensorFlow. The course
ends with a project plan competition, input from staff, and industry
sponsors panel. Preconditions presume calculus (i.e., derivatives)
and linear algebra (i.e., matrix multiplication)
Introduction to Deep Learning
This is MIT's introductory course on deep learning methods with
applications to computer vision, natural language… ocw.mit.edu

Machine Learning For Healthcare

This course introduces students to healthcare machine learning,

including the essence of clinical data and machine learning
techniques for risk stratification, disease progression modeling,
precise medicine, diagnosis, subtype discovery, and clinical workflow
enhancement.
Machine Learning for Healthcare
Peter Szolovits, and David Sontag. 6.S897 Machine Learning for
Healthcare. Spring 2019. Massachusetts Institute of… ocw.mit.edu

Deep Learning For Self Driving Cars

As with the course above, MIT uses a significant real-world feature

of AI as a jump-off point to explore the particular technologies
involved.
The self-driving cars widely expected to become part of our daily
lives rely on AI to make sense of all data hitting the vehicle’s sensor
array and safely navigating the roads. This includes training
computers to interpret sensor data just as our brains interpret eye,
ear, and touch signals.
It will teach you how to use the MIT DeepTraffic simulator , which
challenges students to teach a virtual car to travel along a busy road
as quickly as possible without colliding with other pedestrians.
This is a course taught at the bricks’ n’ mortar university for the first
time last year, and all resources, including lecture videos and
exercises, are available online — but you won’t get a certificate.
MIT Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence Lectures | Lex
Fridman
A collection of lectures on deep learning, deep reinforcement
learning, autonomous vehicles, and artificial… deeplearning.mit.edu

Conclusion
Through these fantastic pieces of training, you will have the
opportunity to develop your skills about how artificial intelligence and
machine learning methods work under various circumstances. Of
course, you will understand and appreciate the relevance of
problem-solving, vision, and language in understanding human
intelligence from the AI and Machine Learning perspective.
Being part of MIT (the online experience is very inclusive), you’ll be
part of a community of restless learners, enthusiastic dreamers, and
extraordinary doers. And with this list of training I’ve shared here,
you get all this for free.

Bonus
Enter Julia, A Rising Start On AI Development.

Frederik Bussler recently wrote an interesting article about MIT’s

training course that will teach you Julia, the rising star among the
programming languages, that could replace python as the favorite
language for AI and Machine Learning development.
In the article, Frederik mentions that MIT recently announced a free
online course on computational thinking, taught using Julia. I think
you should look into Introduction to Computational Thinking with
Julia, with Applications to Modeling the COVID-19 Pandemic. A
half-semester course introduces computational thinking through data
science applications, artificial intelligence, and mathematical models
using the Julia programming language. This Spring 2020 version is a
fast-tracked curriculum adaptation to focus on applications to
COVID-19 responses.
Introduction to Computational Thinking with Julia, with
Applications to Modeling the COVID-19…
This half-semester course introduces computational thinking through
applications of data science, artificial… ocw.mit.edu
Discovering A Brave New Planet

The second bonus is not a training course, but it is a podcast by MIT

that caught my attention this week:
Hosted by scientist Dr. Eric Lander, president and founding director
of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. He is a geneticist,
molecular biologist, and mathematician who led the Human Genome
Project and served as President Obama’s White House science
advisor for eight years.
Brave New Planet is a podcast about remarkable new technologies
that might dramatically improve our world, or if we don’t make wise
choices, it could leave us a lot worse off. It delves deep into the most
exciting and challenging scientific frontiers, helping us understand
them and grapple with their implications.
Homepage | Brave New Planet
Hosted by scientist Eric Lander and in partnership with Pushkin
Industries and the Boston Globe, Brave New Planet is a…
www.bravenewplanet.org

Read more about it…

If you still are here, probably you would like to read more about
where you can learn more AI, ML, and Data Science courses and
about my experience as a MicroMasters’s student at MIT:

I’ve just started a (micro)Masters at the MIT

“The funniest part is to start a Masters; the hardest part is
to finish it” — myself. medium.com
The most impressive Youtube Channels for you to
Learn AI, Machine Learning, and Data Science.
 This is the perfect moment to start learning something new,
and why not start with AI? medium.com
These are some of the best Youtube channels where
you can learn PowerBI and Data Analytics for…
Power BI is a “powerful” Microsoft program focused on
Business Intelligence and you should definitively learn how
to… towardsdatascience.com
The best free courses to learn AI, ML, and Data
Science today.
More than 60 courses with ratings and a brief summary
(Made by AI, of course). medium.com
12 (+Bonus) amazing Youtube Channels To Learn
Python Programming for Free
Here you have a great list of Youtube channels if you want
to dig into Python programming and learn from the best.
medium.com

By Jair Ribeiro on December 23, 2020 .

Canonical link
 CONTENTS
Dedication
Epigraph
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Preface
Introduction
Maybe one day, a robot will steal your job… but there is something
you can do today to avoid that.
The leaders of the future
So, what do you can do to keep your work in the future?
Stop everything you are doing and watch these five TED Talks on
A.I. Ethics now.
How to Keep Human Bias Out of AI
Can We Protect A.I. from Our Biases?
The Era of Blind Faith in Big Data Must End
Machine Intelligence Makes Human Morals More Important
How to Get Empowered Not Overpowered
It's time for action
An easy guide to the history of Artificial Intelligence
Thirty-eight free courses to help you master the most in-demand job
skills in 2020.
Not only Hard skills…
Can "fake faces" Lead to the Illusion of Diversity?
A business opportunity
Inverting the roles: Not only A.I. faces but also A.I. beauty contests
Is it possible to use GANs for good today?
Fighting bias with GANs
Solving privacy issues with Synthetic data.
 Conclusion
Can Artificial Intelligence predict the next pandemic?
But could this epidemic outrage be predicted?
A.I. as a disruptive wave in healthcare
Conclusion
Three intelligent apps that make you more productive today
Calendar
Habit — Daily Tracker
Things
Bonus app: Grammarly
Conclusion
The European Commission has its Ethical Guide on Artificial
Intelligence. Why does it matter?
Building a trustworthy A.I.
The seven principles
Why do we need an open debate about A.I.?
We should learn how to collaborate with robots before it is too late.
Automation and the future of work
Entering the era of integration between Humans and Machines
Technical capacity: we must understand how machines work and
continuous learning about them.
Data capacity: we must learn how to analyze and interpret
information generated by machines.
Human capacity: developing the fundamental human capabilities
that machines cannot imitate, or soft skills.
How to cooperate and collaborate with machines at work
Three facts to consider if you think that A.I. will take your job.
A.I. and the future of jobs
Job Created by Artificial Intelligence
What's the future between Humanity and the Machines?
A mini-guide to the E.U.' 's new Artificial Intelligence and Data
Regulation plan
 Artificial Intelligence is the future.
No facial recognition ban, for now.
Data is the new oil for Europe.
Europe also wants to assess the potential risks of Artificial
Intelligence.
Conclusion
Five amazing books about AI that you should be reading
The Book of Why: The New Science of Cause and Effect
How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed
Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial
Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Conclusion
Here is The Vatican’s plan for the development of ethical AI.
Towards an “algorithmic ethics.”
The prospect of a good AI
For an ethical AI development
Conclusion
How I am summarizing the most relevant terms of Artificial
Intelligence from Wikipedia, using AI.
Why Text summarization matter?
Different approaches to Text Summarization
Steps involved to create the text summary
Summarizing the articles.
How I collected the data?
The results
Summarizing A.I. Articles using A.I.
Web Article Summarization tool using NLP
Why Text summarization matter?
Different approaches to Text Summarization
 Steps involved to create the text summary
Using Transfer Learning for summarizing the articles
Model Checkpoints
Colorizing Black & White images with Deep Learning
The Deep Learning approach.
Working with the LAB
Conclusion
Links and Sources:
The Ethics of AI and Autonomous Vehicles
From Asimov and beyond
Some examples of ethical issues and self-driving vehicle dilemmas
What about children and autonomous vehicles?
Are humans predictable?
The AI ethics issues and our responsible future.
Conclusion
An Introduction to Autonomous Vehicles
We will be driving in a better world.
Learning by doing: Home-made autonomous driving systems
What are autonomous vehicles?
Not every Autonomous vehicle is made equal: the six levels of
autonomy.
How do autonomous vehicles work in practice?
The technology behind autonomous cars?
The Hardware
Stereoscopic camera
Infrared camera
Radar
Sonar
LIDAR
ESC (Electronic Stability Control)
iBooster
 GPS, speedometer, and odometer
The software
Perception
Planning
Control
Artificial Intelligence and Connectivity
Vehicles that can see the world.
Do you foresee the unusual
The Autonomous driving revolution
Conclusion
Read more about it…
How Autonomous Vehicles will redefine the concept of mobility
A disruptive wave: Transportation as a Service.
With more significant autonomy comes more significant
challenges.
Autonomous vehicles and the new customer experience.
The impact of Autonomous vehicles on automakers
About maintenance of Autonomous vehicles
What changes with the arrival of autonomous vehicles on the
transport industry chain?
Spare parts market
Service stations
Mechanical workshops
Vehicle trades
Conclusion
Fourteen inspiring and influential women who defy the gender gap in
Data Science!
A career disconnection
We need more women in Data Science.
An inspiring list of women in Data Science
Fei-Fei Li
 Cassie Kozyrkov
Allie Miller
Elizabeth M. Adams
Tamara McCleary
Carla Gentry
Danielle Belgrave
Kristen Kehrer
Joy Buolamwini
Chip Huyen
Fay Cobb Payton
Kate Crawford
Dr. Renata Afi Rawlings-Goss
Conclusion
Read more about it…
What is Reinforcement Learning, and nine examples of what you can
do with it?
Reinforcement Learning Challenges
Applications areas of Reinforcement Learning
Games
Personalized Recommendations
Resource Management in Computer Clusters
Traffic Light Control
Robotics
Web Systems Configuration
Chemistry
Auctions and Advertising
Deep Learning
Conclusion: When should you use RL?
Resources
What is Lobe, and how is Microsoft Trying to Make AI mainstream?
What is Lobe?
 What can you do with Lobe?
Conclusion
Read more about it…
The most impressive YouTube Channels for you to Learn AI,
Machine Learning, and Data Science.
SpringBoard
Arxiv Insights
Machine Learning 101
FreeCodeCamp
Data School
Machine Learning TV
Giant Neural Network
Andreas Kretz
Edureka!
Andrew Ng
Deeplearning.ai
Tech with Tim
Machine Learning University (MLU)
Artificial Intelligence — All in One
Sentdex
Joma Tech
Python Programmer
Deep Learning TV
Google Cloud Platform
Keith Galli
Data Science Dojo
Updates from our readers
TechnoBotic
StatQuest
Yannic Kilcher
Conclusion
 Read more about it…
Europe leads the way on set rules for Artificial Intelligence
An ethics framework for AI
Liability for AI causing damage
Intellectual property rights
Conclusion
More information:
A gentle Introduction to Data Literacy
What is Data Literacy
The Data Literacy Project
The impact of Data Literacy
Conclusion
How AI and Digital Transformation will change your business forever.
Defining the Digital Transformation scenario
Before talking about AI, do you speak data?
Artificial Intelligence and the Digital Transformation
Where to start?
Defining your journey to Artificial Intelligence
How can you create value with Digitization through Artificial
Intelligence?
The importance of an early adoption
Conclusion
Honda will bring the level three autonomous vehicles to the masses.
Autonomy Levels
Read more about it…
Five companies that are revolutionizing recruiting using Artificial
Intelligence
Some applications of artificial intelligence in recruitment and
selection
Five disruptive companies that are revolutionizing recruiting
using AI
 HireVue
Mya Systems
HiredScore
Wade & Wendy
Hiretual
Conclusion
References:
Twelve (+Bonus) amazing YouTube Channels to Learn Python
Programming for Free
Clever Programmer
Anaconda Inc.
Talk Python
Christian Thompson
CodingEntrepreneurs
Corey Schafer
Chris Hawkes
Enthought
Real Python
Sentdex (Harrison Kinsley)
Python Basics | Learn Python Programming
Telusko
Bonus
Al Sweigart
PythonBytes
A Simple Approach to Define Human and Artificial Intelligence
A long time question…
What is Intelligence?
Types of intelligence
Emotional intelligence
Artificial intelligence
Human Intelligence vs. Artificial Intelligence
 Conclusion
References:
What is Predictive Analytics, and how can you use it today?
What is predictive analytics?
How does predictive analytics work?
Importance of predictive analysis for companies
About Predictive Analytics, Big Data, and Business Intelligence.
What are predictive models?
How to Do Predictive Analytics in 7 Steps
Definition of objectives
Definition of analysis goals
Data collection
Data preparation
Data analysis
Modeling
Monitoring
Three examples of Predictive analysis software
Microsoft Power BI
Adobe Analytics
Tableau
Five practical examples of how predictive analytics can be
applied today.
Customer Churn forecast
Campaign optimization
Lead segmentation
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Fraud detection
Risk management
Conclusion
Read more about it…
References
Will My Daughters Ever Drive a Car?
The dream of a new mobility
Safety as a horizon for new mobility.
Autonomous Vehicles will drive better than you do.
Rethinking our cities
What are the advantages of AVs?
And what about the driver’s license?
Conclusion
Read more about it
Thoughts about the Need for More Diversity and Inclusion in AI
Why does the lack of diversity in Artificial Intelligence can be
an issue?
Artificial intelligence & diversity
Can AI itself help us to solve the lack of diversity in AI?
Conclusion
Read more about it
References:
What is Prescriptive Analytics, and what can it do for your business.
Why prescriptive analysis matters to your business?
Conclusion
Other articles you may want to read
Introduction to the Future with 5G, AI, and IoT.
It is more than the internet…
Getting to know a little bit more about 5G
Getting to know a little bit more about AI
Getting to know a little bit more about IoT
What will be the relationship between AI, 5G, and IoT?
Conclusion
References
These are some of the best YouTube channels, where you can learn
PowerBI and Data Analytics for free.
 Why PowerBI?
Microsoft PowerBI Channel (243K subscribers)
PowerBI Tips (6.38K subscribers)
A guy in a Cube (150K subscribers)
BI Elite (28.4K subscribers)
Curbal (57K subscribers)
Enterprise DNA (41.6K subscribers)
RADACAD (13.2K subscribers)
Pavan Lalwani — POWER BI (7.23K subscribers)
Other resources
Microsoft guided learning
Microsoft PowerBI blog
Microsoft PowerBI Webinars
Official Power BI Community
Conclusion
One more thing…
What is TinyML, and why does it matter?
A small device for a tremendous impact.
Cracking the small ML
Where can you learn more about TinyML?
Conclusion
One more thing…
References
The Best MIT Online Resources for You to Learn AI and Machine
Learning for Free
Why should you learn AI and Machine Learning?
Are you ready?
Artificial Intelligence
Introduction to Machine Learning
Machine Learning
Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science
 Techniques in Artificial Intelligence (SMA 5504)
Mathematics of Machine Learning
Introduction to Deep Learning
Machine Learning for Healthcare
Deep Learning for Self Driving Cars
Conclusion
Bonus
Enter Julia, a rising start on AI development.
Discovering a brave new planet
Read more about it…
References
Photo References
Afterword
Colophon
Social Media Links:
Copyright and Disclaimer
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 PHOTO REFERENCES
1 - Cover - Blue vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
2 - People vector created by pch.vector - www.freepik.com
3- People vector created by freepik - www.freepik.com
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7 - People vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
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24 Social media vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
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26- Blue vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
27 - Infographic vector created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com
28- Car vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
29- Business vector created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com
30- Work vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
31 - Infographic vector created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com
32- Cartoon vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
33 - Car vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
34 - People vector created by pikisuperstar - www.freepik.com
35 - Business vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
36 - Business vector created by katemangostar - www.freepik.com
37 - Business vector created by stories - www.freepik.com
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39 - Business vector created by vectorjuice - www.freepik.com
 AFTERWORD
Thanks for making it this far, and thanks for the trust.
I hope that much of the information and knowledge shared in this
volume will be useful in your work, in your daily life, and your future.
I believe in the ability of technology, especially in Artificial
Intelligence, to improve our lives and the lives of millions, perhaps
billions of people in the world, if applied with equity and inclusion.
See you online.
Thanks
Jair Ribeiro
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Jair Ribeiro was born in Brazil and has lived in several countries since 1998; father
of three daughters, he lives in Poland since 2016.
Combining Business Analysis, Data Science, and Artificial Intelligence with his
multicultural background, ethics, and design, he is always exploring technology's
role in a human-centered world.
With a broad leadership and multicultural background, Jair Ribeiro has been
performing the role of AI Evangelist in several media (mainly on LinkedIn with
almost 25.000 followers) and has been an active international speaker, presenting
in several conferences and Summits, engaged in popularizing AI from the
business point of view.
He is also very engaged in several activities related to Leadership,
Multiculturalism, Volunteering, modern workplace, and International Career
Management.

Social Media Links:

Medium: https://jairribeiro.medium.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jairribeiro
Twitter: https://twitter.com/Liberoliber
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/liberoliber2010
 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or
portions thereof in any form whatsoever. For information, address
the publisher at [email protected]
Although the author and publisher have made every effort to ensure
that the information in this book was correct at press time, the author
and publisher do not assume and, as a result of this disclaim any
liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption caused by
errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from
negligence, accident, or any other cause.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Writing a book, large or small, technical or poetic, humble or epic, is
always a job that depends on inspiration.
Having said that, I must thank some people who have contributed to
inspire me to research, curiosity, and the need to share any
knowledge I have acquired during my life:
Malgorzata, my awesome wife, for providing me the daily serenity
and energy to work, write, learn, and love.
David Bombelli, for our 10-years old friendship and professional
inspiration.
Luca Ridolfi, who inspired me with his book.
Mariana Verzaro, for our 15-years old friendship that shows me
every day the value of resiliency and neuroplasticity.
Danilo McGarry, who since the first day we met, inspire me to be a
better professional in anything I do.
Reef Larsson inspire me with a passion for sharing knowledge.
Daniele Zebini, Who inspires me with a passion for telling stories and
changing the world.