Scribd
Upload
8K views

Clutches: Review in Machine Design

The document provides information on different types of clutches including friction, jaw, hydraulic, and electromagnetic clutches. It discusses formulas for calculating torque, power, mean radius, and axial force for plate/disk clutches and cone clutches. Sample problems are included for calculating clutch parameters like spring force, torque, power, axial force, diameters, and number of contacting surfaces.

Uploaded by

Khate Üü
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8K views

Clutches: Review in Machine Design

The document provides information on different types of clutches including friction, jaw, hydraulic, and electromagnetic clutches. It discusses formulas for calculating torque, power, mean radius, and axial force for plate/disk clutches and cone clutches. Sample problems are included for calculating clutch parameters like spring force, torque, power, axial force, diameters, and number of contacting surfaces.

Uploaded by

Khate Üü
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

CLUTCHES

REVIEW IN MACHINE DESIGN

ENGR. PAOULO H. DE VEGA, ME


INSTRUCTOR III
MECHANICAL ENBGINEERING DEPT.
CLUTCHES
INTRODUCTION

➢ Clutch – is a machine element for


connection and disconnection of
shafts in equipment drives
especially while running.
➢ The clutch system engages and
disengages the engine from the
transmission, enabling the driver to
start, stop, idle in neutral and shift
gears.
CLUTCHES
TYPES OF CLUTCH

1. Friction Clutch
❑Plate or Disk Clutch
❑Cone Clutch
❑Band Clutch
❑Block Clutch
❑Expanding – Ring Clutch
❑Centrifugal Clutch
2. Jaw Clutch
3. Hydraulic Clutch
4. Electromagnetic Clutch
CLUTCHES
FORMULAS

TRANSMITTED POWER

𝑇𝑛 Where:
P – power in kW
𝑃=
9549000 T – torque in N-mm
n - rotational velocity in rpm

𝑇𝑛 Where:
𝑃= P – power in hp
63025 T – torque in in-lbf
n - rotational velocity in rpm
PLATE OR DISK CLUTCH
FORMULAS

TOTAL TORQUE
𝑇 = 𝜇𝐹𝑎 𝑟𝑚 𝑛𝑝
Where:
np = number of pairs of identical mating friction
surfaces
np= nd – 1 ; nd = number of disc
µ = coefficient of friction
𝐹𝑎 = applied force (N or lb)
𝑟𝑚 = mean radius (mm or in.)
PLATE OR DISK CLUTCH
FORMULAS

MEAN RADIUS (rm)


Uniform Wear
𝑑𝑜 +𝑑𝑖 Area
𝑟𝑚 = 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑑𝑡
4

Uniform Pressure
3 3 Area
1 𝑑𝑜 −𝑑𝑖 𝜋 2
𝑟𝑚 = ( 2 2) 𝐴= (𝑑𝑜 − 𝑑𝑖 2 )
3 𝑑𝑜 −𝑑𝑖 4
CONE CLUTCH
FORMULAS

TOTAL TORQUE
𝐹𝑎
𝑇= 𝜇 𝑟𝑚 𝑛𝑝
sin ∝
Where:
np = number of pairs of identical mating friction
surfaces
np= nd – 1 ; nd = number of disc
µ = coefficient of friction
𝐹𝑎 = applied force (N or lb)
𝑟𝑚 = mean radius (mm or in.)
CONE CLUTCH
FORMULAS
Note: if engagement takes place when one of the member is rotating and other is stationary, the axial
force is:

Axial Force needed to engage the clutch


𝐹𝑎 = 𝐹𝑛 ( sin 𝛼 + 𝜇 cos 𝛼)
Where:
𝐹𝑛 = normal force (N or lb)
𝑟𝑚 = mean radius (mm or in.)
α = cone angle (deg)
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. A multiple-disk clutch,
composed of three plates
with a small diameter of 150
mm and large diameter of
200 mm, is designed to
transmit 100 kW at 3000 rpm
at a coefficient of friction of
0.5. Compute the spring
force needed to engage the
clutch.

ANS. 3637.71 N
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

2. How much torque can a


cone clutch transmit if the
angle of conical elements is
10 degrees, the mean
diameter of the conical clutch
sections is 200 mm and an
axial force of 550 N is
applied? Note: the coefficient
of friction between the clutch
elements is 0.45.

ANS. 142.53 N-m


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. A cone clutch has an
angle of 10 and coefficient
of friction of 0.42. Compute
the axial force required if
the capacity of the clutch is
7 kW at 500 rpm. Note: the
mean diameter of the active
conical section is 300 mm.

ANS. 368.5 N
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. A plate clutch has a single
pair of mating surface 30 cm
outside diameter and 22.5 cm
inside diameter. The maximum
pressure was found to be 825
kPa considering the coefficient
of friction of 0.25. Find the
power that can be handled
based on the drive that rotates
200 rpm considering that this
clutch is newly installed.

ANS. 17.65kW
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS

5. A plate clutch has a single pair


of mating surface 30 cm outside
diameter and 22.5 cm inside
diameter. The maximum pressure
was found to be 825 kPa
considering the coefficient of
friction of 0.25. Find the power
that can be handled based on the
drive that rotates 200 rpm
considering that this clutch has
been used already or this clutch
is already installed.

ANS. 15.03 kW
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
6. A disc clutch has 6
pairs of contacting friction
surfaces with an outside
diameter of 200 mm and an
inside diameter of 100 mm.
the coefficient of friction
between the clutch materials
is 0.4 and the axial force is
1500 N. the shaft speed is
1200 rpm. Find the Hp that
can be transmitted by the
clutch assuming uniform
pressure.

ANS. 47.2 hp
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
7. A cone clutch has cone
elements at an angle of 10.
The mean diameter of the
conical friction sections is 16
in. and the coefficient of
friction is 0.3. Find the axial
force needed to engage the
clutch considering that the
clutch transmits 20 hp at a
speed of 1000 rpm.

ANS. 91.2 lbs


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
8. A multiple disc clutch
consists of 10 steel discs and
9 bronze discs. The effective
outside and inside diameters
are 203 mm and 152 mm
respectively. If am axial force
445 N is applied and the
shaft turns at 1000 rpm,
determine the power
transmitted. Assume a
coefficient of friction of 0.25
and base the design on
uniform pressure.

ANS. 18.77 kW
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
9. A truck develops 33.5 hp
at 1000 rpm. The clutch used to
transmit the aforementioned
power is a single plate clutch with
two pairs of contact surfaces. If
the coefficient of friction is to be
0.40 and the mean diameter of
the disk if to be 190 mm, and the
average normal stress on the
clutch lining is 120 kPa, compute
for the axial force and the inside
diameter.

ANS. 3139.99 N, 121.38 mm


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
10. A cone clutch is to
transmit 30 kW at 1250 rpm. The
face angle of the cone clutch is
12.5 degree and the mean
diameter is to be 355 mm, the
coefficient of friction between the
contacting surfaces is 0.20 and
the maximum normal pressure is
83 kPa. Determine the torque in
kN-m that can be transmitted.
Determine the axial force in kN
required to transmit the power.
Determine the outside diameter
of the clutch.

ANS. 0.23 kN-m, 1.4 kN, 370.8 mm


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
11. A Pajero jeep wagon’s
engine develops 40 kW at 1200
rpm, with a single plate clutch
having two pairs of friction
surfaces transmitting the power.
Consider the coefficient of
friction to be 0.30 and the mean
diameter of discs to be 200 mm.
Determine the axial force
required to engage the clutch
and to transmit the power, the
inside diameter and outside
diameter of the discs if the lining
pressure is limited to 200 kPa.

ANS. 5.31 kN, 139.5 mm, 260.5mm


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
12. The large diameter and face
of the disc of a multiple disc clutch
are 255 mm and 25 mm respectively.
The helical compression spring used
the engaged the clutch has 9.5
effective coils of 10 mm diameter
steel wire. The outside diameter is
80 mm. The free length of the spring
is 185 mm, but when it is place with
the clutch engaged, its length is 130
mm. Assume there are 10 pairs of
contact surface; the motor runs at
1200 rpm and the coefficient of
friction on the contact surface as
0.15. Let the spring modulus of
rigidity be 80 Gpa. Determine the
power of the clutch can transmit.

ANS. 1688 N, 36.6 kW


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
13. A disc clutch with two
pairs of contact surfaces is lined
with a high-grade friction material
whose coefficient of friction and
maximum pressure are taken
under working conditions as 0.25
and 220 kPa, respectively. The
clutch is used to contact two 25
mm diameter shafts whose safe
shearing stress is 69 MPa. The
width of the clutch face is 66 mm
and the inner diameter of the
discs is 100 mm. what power in
kW is transmitted at 1000 rpm?

ANS. 19.82 kW
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
14. Determine the power
capacity of a cone clutch,
under uniform pressure, with
the following operating data:
major diameter = 250 mm;
minor diameter = 200 mm;
length of conical elements in
contact = 125 mm; rotational
speed = 870 rpm; coefficient
of friction = 0.30; and
allowable pressure = 70 kPa.

ANS. 19.2 kW
Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
15. The maximum pressure
developed between the surfaces
of a cone clutch (α = 12.5
degrees) whose small and large
diameters are 8” and 10”, friction
torque of 2000 in-lb at a
coefficient of friction of 0.2, is

ANS. 19.14 psi


Clutches
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
16. An oil immersed multi-disk clutch
with cork sheet as the friction material is
used on a scooter engine. The torque
transmitted by the clutch is 10N.m. The
coefficient of friction between the cork sheet
and the steel plate in the wet condition is
0.2. The permissible pressure on the cork
sheet is 0.1N/mm2 . The inner and outer
diameters of the friction lining are 65 and 95
mm respectively. There are radial slots for
the circulation of the coolant, which reduces
the effective friction area. To account for
these slots, the number of contacting
surfaces can be increased by 5%. Assuming
uniform wear theory, calculated the required
number of contacting surfaces.

ANS. 5 pairs

You might also like