FUELS AND COMBUSTION 5. Liquid Octane (C8H18) fuel is A. 14 a fuel consumption of 200 kg/hr.

burned with ideal proportion of B. 117.69 Answer: B

1. A bituminous coal has the air. Calculate the ideal air-fuel C. 102.34 A. 10.43 m3
following composition: D. 17.14 B. 5.41 m3
ratio by weight.
3. A diesel power plant uses fuel that C. 6.87 m3
6. Fuel oil in a day tank for use of has a density of 892.74 kg/m3 at D. 7.56 m3
C = 71.5% H = 5.0% O = 7.0% N = an industrial boiler is tested with 15.67oC. Find the heating value of 9. Given the following ultimate
1.3% S = 3.6% Ash = 8.2% W = 3.4% hydrometer. The hydrometer fuel. Answer: A analysis:
reading indicates a S.G.=0.924 A. 44,900 KJ/kg C = 70% O2 = 4%
Calculate the higher heating value of B. 19,301 Btu/lb N2 = 5% S2 = 6% Moisture = 8%
when the temperature of the oil in
coal and for complete combustion find o C. 43,000 KJ/kg H2 = 3% Ash = 5%
the tank is 35 C. Calculate the
the theoretical weight of air required D. 4356.2 KJ/kg Using 25% excess air, determine the
higher heating value of the fuel.
in kg air/kg coal? 4. A certain coal has the following actual air fuel ratio. Answer: A
7. Methane is burned completely ultimate analysis: A. 11.46
2. The following ultimate analysis of with 25% excess air. Compute C = 69% N2 = 5% B. 24.85
typical fuel oil, ash and moisture the number of moles of nitrogen H2 = 2.5% S = 7% Moisture = 8% C. 23.85
in the products of combustion per O2 = 3.5% Ash = 5% D. 26.85
free:
mole of the fuel. Determine the heating value of fuel 10. A 650 Bhp diesel engine uses fuel
C=0.8663 lb used.Answer: A oil of 28° API gravity, fuel
H=0.1127 lb 8. A typical industrial fuel oil, C16H32
A. 26,961.45 KJ/kg consumption is 0.65 lb/Bhp-hr. Cost of
O=0.0019 lb with 20% excess air by weight.
B. 45,256 KJ/kg fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous
N=0.0028 lb Assuming complete oxidation of C. 25,002.4 KJ/kg operation, determine the minimum
S=0.0163 lb the fuel, calculate the actual air D. 26,000 KJ/kg volume of cubical day tank in cm3,
Calculate the following for fuel ratio by weight. 5. A diesel power plant uses fuel with ambient temperature is 45°C.
9. Ethane is burnt with just twice the heating value of 45,038.8 KJ/kg. What Answer: A
“complete” or theoretical is the density of fuel used at A. 5,291,880 cm3
combustion with air, in pound of stoichiometric amount of air. How
30°C?Answer: D B. 5,391,880 cm3
fuel: much kilogram air is used to
A. 0.900 kg/li C. 5,491,880 cm3
A. Oxygen required from air oxidize 6 kg of fuel? B. 0.887 kg/li D. 5,591,880 cm3
B. Nitrogen required from air 10. A gaseous mixture of methane C. 0.850 kg/li 11. A 650 Bhp diesel engine uses fuel
C. Air required (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and D. 0.878 kg/li oil of 28° API gravity, fuel
propane (C3H8) has partial 6. A diesel engine consumed 945 liter consumption is 0.65lb/Bhp-hr. Cost of
D. Water formed from
pressures respectively of 95 kPa, of fuel per day at 30°C. If the fuel was fuel is P7.95 per liter. For continuous
combustion purchased at 15.5°C and 30° API at operation, determine the cost of fuel
E. Carbon Dioxide formed 105 kPa, and 50 kPa. What is the
P5.00/li, determined the cost of fuel to per day at 45°C.
F. Total mass of flue gas mass percentage of methane in
operate the engine per day. Answer: Answer: B
B A. P42,870.45
3. It is required to find the SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS A. P5677.50 B. P42,070.45
theoretical volume of air at 20oC B. P4677.50 C. P42,570.45
FUELS & COMBUSTION C. P4888.90 D. P42,170.45
and 100 kPa absolute pressure to 1. A diesel power plant consumes 650 D. P5000.00 12. A logging firm in Isabela operates
burn one kilogram of coal. The liters of fuel at 26oC in 24 hours with 7. A cylindrical tank 3 m long and 2 m a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its
ultimate analysis of coal-as-fired 28oAPI. Find the fuel rate in kg/hr. diameter is used for oil storage. How electric energy requirements. During a
is as follows: Answer: A many days can the tank supply the 24 hour period, the plant consumed
C=65.65% H=5.87% O=18.61% A. 23.83 engine having 27° API with fuel 250 gallons of fuel at 80°F and
S=1.51% Ash=5.36% W=3% B. 24.85 consumption of 60 kg/hr. Answer: B produced 2700 KW-Hrs. Industrial fuel
C. 22.85 A. 4.84 used is 30° API and was purchased at
4. Calculate the higher heating
D. 26.85 B. 5.84 P3.00li/at 60°F. Determine cost of fuel
value of liquid Dodecane fuel. 2. A boiler burns fuel oil with 15% to produce one Kwh. Answer: C
C. 7.84
The chemical formula of excess air. The fuel oil may be D. 8.84 A. P3,043/KW-h
Dodecane is C12H26. represented by C14H34. Calculate 8. Determine the minimum volume of B. P4,043/KW-h
the molal air fuel ratio. Answer: B day tank in m3 of 28° API fuel having C. P1,043/KW-h
D. P2,043/KW-h D. 19.45 0.219 N2 = 0.248 Calculate the 26. A steam generation burns fuel oil
13. A logging firm in Isabela operates 17. A steam generation burns fuel oil specific gravity if the molecular weight that has the following chemical
a Diesel Electric Plant to supply its with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may of air is 28.97 kg/kg-mol. Answer: C analysis by mass in percent:
electric energy requirements. During a be represented by C14H30. The fuel A. 0.981 Answer: C
24 hour period, the plant consumed gases leave the preheater at 0.31 B. 1.244 C = 85.3 H2 = 14.1 S = 0.5 N2 = 0.1
250 gallons of fuel at 80°F and Mpa. Determine partial pressure of C. 1.055 A. 19.85 C. 17.93
produced 2700 KW-hrs. Industrial fuel H2O. Answer: C D. 0.542 B. 11.14 D. 14.20
used is 30° API and was purchased at A. 23.34 kpa 22. The dry gas from oil engine has 27. Calculate the theoretical air
P3.00/li at 60°F. B. 29.34 kpa the following gravimetric analysis: needed for the complete combustion
Determine the overall thermal C. 35.7 kpa CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2% of ethane C2H6 for 20 kg fuel.
efficiency of the plant. Answer: A D. 32.34 kpa Specific heat at constant pressure for Answer: D
A. 26.08% 18. In the boiler design, it is desired to each component of the exhaust gas in A. 432.23 kg
B. 43.23% have the flue gas exit temperature Kcal/kg °C are: B. 287.45 kg
C. 43.12% above the dew point. Estimate the CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 0.219 N2 = 0.248 C. 234.45 kg
D. 18.46% dew point temperature of the flue gas Calculate the specific heat for the gas D. 320.32 kg
14. A diesel electric plant in one of the produced by combustion having the in KJ/kg - °K. Answer: B 28. A fuel oil burned with 50 percent
remote provinces in the south utilized gravimetric analysis of: Answer: D A. 0.872 excess air, and the combustion
diesel fuel with an °API of 28 at N2 = 71.84% CO2 = 20.35% O2 = B. 0.992 characteristics of the fuel oil are
15.6°C. The plant consumes 680 liters 3.61% H2O = 4.20% C. 0.452 similar to C12H26. Determine the
of diesel fuel at 26.6°C in 24 hrs, A. 32°C D. 0.673 volumetric (molal) analysis of CO2 in
while the power generated for the B. 23°C 23. A bituminous coal has the the production of combustion.
same period amounts to 1,980KW- C. 45°C following composition: Answer: B
hrs. Determine overall thermal D. 39°C C = 71.5% H = 5.0% O = 7.0% N = A. 9.34%
efficiency of the plant. Answer: A 19. A flue gas has following 1.3 B. 8.66%
A. 26.47% volumetric analysis: S = 3.6% Ash = 8.2% W = 3.4% C. 6.34%
B. 12.34% CH4 = 68% C2H6 = 32% Determine the theoretical weight of D. 7.45%
C. 23.45% Assume a complete combustion with Oxygen in lb/lb of coal. Answer: C 29. Fuel oil, C12H26 is burned in air
D. 34.34% 15% excess air at 101.325 Kpa, what A. 2.870 at atmospheric pressure. The Orsat
15. A circular fuel tank 45 feet long is the partial pressure of water vapor B. 3.120 analysis of the products of
and 5.5 feet diameter is used for oil in Kpa. Answer: A C. 2.274 combustion yields.
storage. Calculate the number of days A. 15.95 D. 6.233 CO2 : 12.8%
the supply tank can hold for B. 23.12 24. There are 20 kg of flue gases O2 : 3.5%
continuous operation the following C. 12.45 formed per kg of fuel oil burned in the CO : 0.2%
conditions: D. 27.34 combustion of a fuel oil N2 : 83.5%
Steam flow = 2000 lbs/hr 20. The dry exhaust gas from oil C12H26. What is the excess air in Determine the percent excess air.
Steam dry and saturated at 200 psia engine has the following gravimetric percent?Answer: A Answer: C
Feedwater temperature = 230°F analysis: A. 26.67% A. 12.34%
Boiler Efficiency = 75% CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2% B. 18.34% B. 8.34%
Fuel oil = 34° API Answer: B Specific heat at constant pressure for C. 12.34% C. 10.52%
A. 12.34 each components of the exhaust gas D. 20.45% D. 18.45%
B. 17.58 in Kcal/kg °C are: CO2 = 0.203 O2 = 25. A gaseous fuel mixture has a 30. An unknown fuel has the following
C. 13.45 0.219 N2 = 0.248 Calculate the gas molal analysis: Orsat analysis:
D. 23.44 constant in J/kg°K.Answer: A H2 = 14% CH4 = 3% CO = 27% CO2 : 12.5
16. A steam generator burns fuel oil A. 272 C. 274 O2 = 0.6% CO2 = 4.5% N2 = 50.9% CO : 0.3%
with 20% excess air. The fuel oil may B. 276 D. 278 Determine the air-fuel ratio for O2 : 3.1%
be represented by C14 H30. The fuel 21. The dry exhaust gas from oil complete combustion on molal N2 : 84.1%
gas leaves the preheater at 0.31 Mpa. engine has the following gravimetric basis.Answer: C Determine the actual air – fuel in kg
Determine the actual air-fuel ratio in analysis: A. 2.130 air per kg fuel. Answer: A
kg air per kg fuel. Answer: A CO2 = 21.6% O2 = 4.2% N2 = 74.2% B. 3.230 A. 17.13
A. 17.89 Specific heat at constant pressure for C. 1.233 B. 12.34
B. 15.67 each component of the exhaust gas in D. 1.130 C. 19.23
C. 12.34 Kcal/kg °C are: CO2 = 0.203 O2 = D. 23.23
31. What mass of liquid oxygen is determine the height of chimney. are used? Assume that the gas
required to completely burned 1000kg Answer: B constant for the flue gases is the
of liquid butane, C4H10 on a rocket A. 54.6 m same as that for air. Answer: D
ship? Answer: C B. 63.7 m A. 565
A. 4568 C. 74.6 m B. 535
B. 2746 D. 68.5 m C. 545
C. 3586 3. The actual velocity of gas entering D. 550
D. 6345 in a chimney is 8m/sec. The gas 9. A steam boiler plant consumes
32. A volumetric analysis of a gas temperature is 25°C and pressure of 9,000 kg of coal per hour and
mixture is as follows: 98 Kpa with a gas constant of 0.287 produces 20 kg of dry flue gases per
CO2 : 12.5% KJ/kg-°K. Determine the chimney kg of coal fired. Outside air
O2 : 4% diameter if mass of gas is 50,000 temperature is 32°C, average
N2 : 82% kg/hr. Answer: D temperature of the flue gas entering
CO : 2% A. 1.57 m the chimney is 343°C and average
What is the percentage of CO on a B. 1.81 m temperature of dry flue gas in the
mass basis? Answer: D C. 3.56 m chimney is 260°C. The gage fluid
A. 1.0% D. 1.39 m density of 994.78 per m3 and the
B. 1.5% 4. A coal fired steam boiler uses 3000 theoretical draft of 2.286 cm of H2O at
C. 1.2% kg of coal per hour. Air required for the chimney base is needed when the
D. 1.9% combustion is 15.5 kg barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg.
33. What is the percent theoretical air per kg of coal at barometric pressure Determine the height of the
for a combustion process to which the of 98.2 Kpa. The flue has temperature chimney.Answer: A
fuel and combustion gas analysis are of 285°C and an average molecular A. 46
known as follows:Answer: A weight of 30. Assuming an ash loss of B. 50
Fuel: % by volume 11% and allowable gas velocity of 7.5 C. 40
CO2 : 12.4% m/sec, find the diameter of chimney. D. 56
CO : 27% Answer: C
H2 : 2.2% A. 2.0 m
N2 : 58.4% B. 1.53 m
Combustion gas: % by volume C. 1.91 m
CO2 : 24.6% D. 2.5 m
O2 : 1.0% 5. A power plant situated at an
H2 : 74.4% altitude having an ambient air of 96.53
A. 111 Kpa and 23.88°C. Flue gases at a
B. C.116 rate of 5.0 kg/sec enter the stack at
C. 121 200°C and leaves at 160°C. The flue
D. D.126 gases gravimetric analyses are 18%
Co2, 7% O2 and 75% N2. Calculate
CHIMNEY the height of stack necessary for a
1. A boiler uses 2500 kg of coal per driving pressure of 0.20 Kpa.
hour and air required for the Answer: D
combustion in 16 kg per kg coal. If A. 59.56 m
ash loss is 10%, determine the mass B. 60. 15 m
of the gas entering the chimney. C. 55. 83 m
Answer: A D. 56.95 m
A. 42,250 kg/hr 7. A steam generator with economizer
B. 78,300 kg/hr and air heater has an overall draft
C. 85,452kg/hr loss of 21.78 cm of water. If the stack
D. 33,800 kg/hr gases are at 177°C and if the
2. The gas density of chimney is 0.75 atmosphere is at 101.3 Kpa and 26°C,
kg/m3 and air density of 1.15 kg/m3. If what theoretical height of stack in
the driving pressure is 0.25 Kpa, meters is needed when no draft fan