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Cvle472 Lecture 3 Design Method

The document discusses two steel design methods: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). In ASD, a member's required strength must be less than its allowable strength, which is the nominal strength divided by a safety factor. LRFD uses load and resistance factors to ensure the member's factored resistance is greater than the factored loads. The document provides examples calculating the maximum uniform load and moment on a beam using both design methods.

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Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi
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© © All Rights Reserved
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67 views

Cvle472 Lecture 3 Design Method

The document discusses two steel design methods: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). In ASD, a member's required strength must be less than its allowable strength, which is the nominal strength divided by a safety factor. LRFD uses load and resistance factors to ensure the member's factored resistance is greater than the factored loads. The document provides examples calculating the maximum uniform load and moment on a beam using both design methods.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEEL DESIGN

Design Method

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh Karimi


Civil Engineering Department
Cyprus International University
Design Method
Lecture 3

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Margin of Safety:

Margin of Safety = Actual strength – Required strength

Margin of Safety > 0, otherwise fail

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Design Philosophies:

1. Allowable Strength Design Method (ASD)

2. Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Allowable Stress Design (ASD):
• ASD is the preliminary method has been used to design steel structures. This method is
also called elastic design method or working stress design.
• This method is generally based on the elastic analysis of structures- Members must be
within the range of elastic behavior. A member should be selected in such a way that
the maximum force resulting from the loads operating should not exceeds the design
permissible resistance.
Required Strength <= Allowable Strength
• Resistance can be axial force or bending force or shear force.
• The Allowable Strength is obtained by dividing the Nominal (theoretical) Strength by a
safety factor.
Allowable Strength = Nominal Strength / Factor Of Safety
• If stresses are used in the above relationship instead of forces or moments, this
method is called Allowable Stress method.
Maximum required stress < Allowable Stress
Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Allowable Stress Design (ASD):
General equation of ASD

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Service Load Notation:
D = Dead Load
L = Live Load

Roof Loads:
Lr = Roof Live Load
S = Snow
R = Rain or Ice (Does not include ponding)

E = Earthquake Load
W = Wind Load
H = Load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, or pressure of bulk
materials

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Load Combinations for ASD:
1) D
2) D + H + L
3) D + H + (Lr or S or R)
4) D + H + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
5) D + H + (W or 0.7E)
6) D + H + 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
7) 0.6D + W + H
8) 0.6D + 0.7E + H

Note: Wind and earthquake loads may have positive or negative signs.
Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Example 1
GIVEN: A flat roof is framed with 7.3m long W18x40
beams spaced 2.44m. The service applied roof dead
load is 1197N/m^2 and the applied service roof live
load = 957.6 N/m^2. The service wind load on the
flat roof is -383 N/m^2 (uplift).
REQUIRED:
1) Determine the maximum ASD factored uniform
load on the beam, w.
2) Determine the maximum ASD factored moment on
the beam, Mmax.
Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi
Example 1
Step1- Determine D.L. and W in term of N/m
D = DL + Beam wt. = (1197N/m^2 x 2.44m)+(583.75N/m) = 3504.43 957.6N/m
Lr = LL = 957.6N/m^2 x 2.44m = 2336.544N/m
W = -383N/m^2 x 2.44m = -934.52N/m

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Step2- Determine Maximum service UNIFORM load, w:

1) D = 3504.43 957.6N/m
2) D + L = 3504.43N/m + 0 = 3504.43 957.6N/m
3) D + (Lr or S or R) = 3504.43 + 2336.544N/m = 5840.974N/m
4) D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R) = 3504.43N/m + 0 + (0.75x 2336.544N/m) =
5) D +or- (W or 0.7E) = 3504.43N/m +or- (-934.52N/m) =
6) D +or- 0.75(W or 0.7E) + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R) = 3504.43N/m + (-0.75 x
934.52N/m) + 0 +or- (0.75 x 2336.544N/m) =
7) 0.6D + W = (0.6 x 3504.43N/m) + (-934.52N/m) =

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Step3- Determine Maximum SERVICE moment on beam, Mmax:

Mmax = 5840.974 N/m x 7.3^2/8 = 38908.2 N.m

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
• A member is selected such that its current resistance is greater than
the required resistance based on the multiplicative loads of the final
loads.
• General equation of LRFD:

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
step2-determine maximum FACTORED uniform load, Wu:
1) 1.4D = 1.4(3502.5) = 4903.5 N/m
2) 1.2D+1.6L+0.5(Lr or S or R) =5370.5 N/m
3) 1.2D+1.6 (Lr or S or R)+(0.5L+0.8W) = 7339 N/m
4) 1.2D+1.6W+0.5L+ 0.5(Lr or S or R) = 5370 N/m
5) 1.2D+or-1E+0.5L+0.2S = 4203 N/m
6) 0.9D+or-(1.6(-or+W) or 1E) = 1663 N/m or 4640 N/m

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi


Load and Resistance Factor Design
(LRFD)
Step3- Determine Maximum FACTORED moment on beam, Mu:

Mmax = 7339 N/m x 7.3^2/8 = 48886.9 N.m

Dr. Mohammad Reza Bagerzadeh karimi

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