Journal of Industrial Integration and Management

Vol. 4, No. 4 (2019) 1930001 (23 pages)

.c World Scienti¯c Publishing Co.
#
DOI: 10.1142/S2424862219300011

Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry

4.0: A Review

Abid Haleem* and Mohd Javaid†

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
*[email protected]
†
[email protected]

Received 4 July 2019

Revised 8 August 2019
Accepted 22 August 2019
Published 4 October 2019

Abstract. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a set of technologies and are vital to ful¯lling di®erent
requirements of Industry 4.0. So, there is a need to study di®erent additive manufacturing applications
toward its achievement. From the Scopus database, di®erent research articles on \Industry 4.0" and
\additive manufacturing applications in Industry 4.0" are identi¯ed and studied through a bibliometric
analysis. It shows that there is an increasing trend of publications in this new area. Industry 4.0 has
entered new markets which focus on customer delight by adding values in product and services. It supports
automation, interoperability, actionable insights and information transparency. There are di®erent
components vital to implement Industry 4.0 requirements. Through this extensive literature review based
work, we identi¯ed di®erent components of Industry 4.0 and explained the critical ones brie°y. Finally,
13 important AM applications in Industry 4.0 are identi¯ed. The main limitation of the AM manufactured
part is of comparable low strength and associated quality, coupled with a high cost of the printing machine
system. In this upcoming industrial revolution, AM is a crucial technology which has become the main
component of product innovation and development. This disruptive technology can ful¯l di®erent chal-
lenges in the future manufacturing system and help the industry to produce innovative products. For this
futuristic manufacturing system, additive manufacturing is an upcoming paradigm, and Industry 4.0 will
use its potential to achieve required goals.

Keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; applications; product customization; Industry 4.0.

1. Introduction
The fourth industrial revolution is now Industry 4.0 and is anticipated to bring
incremental changes in business transactions. It combines physical and digital
technologies like analytics, robotics, additive manufacturing, arti¯cial intelligence,
advanced materials, natural language processing, high-performance computing,
cognitive technologies and argument reality (Branger and Pang, 2015; Luthra and
Mangla, 2018; Gunasekaran et al., 2019). It converts data from physical to digital
form through the use of various scanning devices like 3D scanner. It uses arti¯cial

†Corresponding author.

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A. Haleem and M. Javaid

intelligence to share information digitally and can convert the data from digital to
physical such as in the case of additive manufacturing technologies. In this tech-
nological domain, data is in the form of a digital 3D ¯le and used to convert it into a
3D physical object using di®erent additive manufacturing technologies as per speci¯c
requirements (Xu, 2000a; Haleem and Javaid, 2018; Anilli et al., 2018).
The backbone of Industry 4.0 is automation, cloud computing, internet of things
and advanced manufacturing technologies (Gurdur et al., 2016; Li et al., 2018). Its
primary goal is to create a smart manufacturing system having dedicated informa-
tion system, smart supply chain and undertakes automatic lifecycle management
(Chiu and Lin, 2016; Tjahjono et al., 2017; Xu et al., 2018). Industry 4.0 is a future
manufacturing paradigm helpful to improve manufacturing system e±ciency and
performance by the application of new manufacturing technologies (Brettel et al.,
2014). It enhances °exibility, agility and speed to market by introducing new in-
novative products and services. Additive manufacturing is going one step further
from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing. It quickly manufactures any com-
plicated shape part, which is not possible by other traditional manufacturing pro-
cesses. It supports more signi¯cant designs and manufacturing freedom to create
innovation in Industry 4.0 (Dilberoglua et al., 2017; Ghobakhloo, 2018; Javaid and
Haleem, 2019).
This fourth industrial revolution has not yet happened, but its march has already
begun. This revolution optimizes the computerization of the third revolution.
A computer communicates with one another and makes decisions without any
human involvement. The manufacturing industry will become productive, more
useful and less wasteful. In this revolution, industries will be digitally connected to
share information with the complete system (Almada-Lobo, 2016; Bahrin et al.,
2016; Lu, 2018).
Industry 4.0 will make the production process and supply chains more inter-
connected, °exible and e±cient than allowing virtual production and mass cus-
tomization. In developing countries, this revolution could provide more
opportunities to solve various issues (Li and Xu, 2003; Lu and Xu, 2019). It will
provide the individualized product as per customer requirement with the same
delivery time as in mass production system (Ivanov et al., 2016; Barata et al., 2018;
Ślusarczyk, 2018).
Industry 4.0 also has signi¯cant impact on the manufacturing of customized
implants, high-quality medical devices as per patients match. It meets the per-
sonalized solution like detection of glucose levels and electronic-based testing.
Doctors and surgeons can now take advantage of this revolution for developing a
medical prototype that can further be tested before its implementation. They have a
better opportunity to convert a new idea into a reality that will be helpful to research
and development processes and in future, it will bring innovation to this ¯eld (Ibarra
et al., 2018; Muller et al., 2018; Xu and Duan, 2019). Production systems get more
°exible and interconnected with each other. This revolution is embedding smart
technology not only to be used in industry or research organizations but also to be

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

used in daily life to ful¯ll upcoming challenges and making operations cost-e®ective
and e±cient (Xu, 2000b; Haleem et al., 2018a; Kamble et al., 2018a).
Industry 4.0 can be programmed to be more environmentally conscious during the
manufacturing of the products, thus, manufacturing products with lesser wastage. It
prints product that we need at a speci¯c destination, thereby reducing the logistics
cost. AM technologies solve the problem of existing design boundaries, giving a
perfect solution for an on-demand customized production system. It also plays an
active role in making industry economically competitive (Qina et al., 2017; Wang
et al., 2018).
Mostly AM technologies have recycling of material. As a result, it is meeting the
requirements of Industry 4.0. In the aerospace industry, it is applied to manufac-
ture light structures with reduced weight and also applied to replace heavy com-
ponents. It is becoming one of the most popular technologies that have the
potential to revolutionize the modern manufacturing system. It represents a new
industrial paradigm towards change in the way manufacturing takes place as it
rapidly produces a variety of products with di®erent material. Nowadays, it is
widely used in food printing, i.e. printing of customized pizza, burger, nutrition,
chocolate, cake, co®ee, etc. (Oettmeier et al., 2016; Ballardini et al., 2018; Gurdur
and Asplund, 2018).
Customization and digital manufacturing system is the primary challenge for the
contemporary Industry 4.0, which is being taken by additive manufacturing. So,
there is a need to study how additive manufacturing applications can be applied to
Industry 4.0 to ful¯ll various upcoming requirements in lesser time and cost. Thus,
we have studied research articles on Industry 4.0 and additive manufacturing
applications in Industry 4.0. The paper expands the understanding of AM in the
future manufacturing system due to its excellent capability.

2. Types of Industrial Revolutions

Industrial Revolution starts with the production of goods from small shops to
factories. It changes the culture, fashion, lifestyle to create comfort. Therefore, to
create these changes, new technologies were introduced in manufacturing to save
energy (Xu et al., 2018; Xu and Duan, 2019). It also uses new types of transpor-
tation to improve the way of life. Previously people used to travel by horse or
boat; the industrial revolution introduces a new way of travel such as an
aeroplane, automobile, railroad and steamboats and now people can travel around
the world (Kube and Rinn, 2014; Sommer, 2015; Almada-Lobo, 2016). Table 1
shows the industrial revolution with brief operational issues in manufacturing
sectors.
AM technologies take advantage of software and 3D scanners to manufacture
products as per global market demand. Modern industries are changing their
trends from mass production to customized production systems, allowing manu-
facturing of the products in lesser time. Additive manufacturing is providing

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Table 1. Four industrial revolutions with operational issues.

Industrial
S. No. revolution Description

1 First Industrial . First industrial revolution arose at the end of the 18th century (1760–
Revolution 1840)
(Industry 1.0) . It introduced machines into manufacturing to reduce human e®ort
. By this ¯rst revolution, there is some up-gradation in manual production
to create comfort by the application of steam-powered engines
. They undertook basic up-gradation in the textile industry and agricul-
ture ¯eld
2 Second Industrial . This industrial revolution started between 1870 and 1914, provided fa-
Revolution cility of railroads and telegraphs into industries
(Industry 2.0) . Used for the production of standard parts, inspection and quality control
. It increased the speed of production, but provided very low design and
manufacturing °exibility
. It introduced the mass production system in the industry
. Bought some innovative concepts of chemistry and other allied areas into
manufacturing
3 Third Industrial . This third industrial revolution started after 1950
Revolution . In manufacturing, this revolution initiated quality, speed and °exibility
(Industry 3.0) through the use of robots and programmed °exible automation
. It introduces digital technologies in production systems, introduced
machines like 3D printers, computer numerical control machines and
robots that can be monitored with the help of computer
. It supported a network of di®erent software and technologies
. It bought signi¯cant development in computer, communication and
information technology (IT)
. This revolution bought transition from analogue to digital mechanical
system
. In automation, this revolution created a new level of °exible and
customized manufacturing system with the application of di®erent
production technologies
. It enhanced the computer-integrated designing and manufacturing sys-
tem that extensively help in product design and development processes
4 Fourth Industrial . This upcoming fourth industrial revolution is anticipated from 2020, to
Revolution provide an excellent capability to ful¯l the futuristic needs of the industry
(Industry 4.0) . This revolution is highly dependent on disruptive technologies like Ad-
ditive Manufacturing, Internet of Things, Industrial Internet of Things,
Arti¯cial Intelligence and Robotics
. It is to bring signi¯cant creativeness in industry, designing,
manufacturing, development, research, business model and supply chain
. This new style of manufacturing will optimize the use of new techniques
of manufacturing processes
. It is to combine intelligent manufacturing machines with IT to create a
smart factory for intelligent products

essential advancements to the modern industry. Its applications are applied in

various ¯elds of engineering, medical, research and other associated areas (Javaid
and Haleem, 2017; Lu, 2017a). AM creates rapid advancement to bring the trend to
ful¯ll individualized customer requirements.

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3. Research Issues and Objectives

The primary objective of Industry 4.0 is to provide customization, improve pro-
ductivity, °exibility and e®ectiveness at a higher level. This study explores how
additive manufacturing is contributing to the fourth industrial revolution to achieve
essential requirements. It a®ects the way to improve productivity in manufacturing.
AM solves various issues in the upcoming revolution due to its extended capability of
customized designing and development of a product in lesser time and overall lower
cost. AM applications are applied in Industry 4.0 to create a new business model to
make them updated and competitive in the market. It is growing in the current
scenario to ful¯ll di®erent challenges of Industry 4.0 and provide a new way of
production.

4. Literature Review on Industry 4.0

Frank et al. (2019) studied that Industry 4.0 uses several emerging technologies
which are helpful to provide digital solutions. Corporations have a lack of under-
standing about the implementation of these technologies, especially in the context of
the upcoming industrial revolution. Smart Manufacturing, Smart Products, Smart
working and Smart supply chain are four signi¯cant dimensions of this new revo-
lution, analyzed through a survey of 92 manufacturing companies regarding the
proper implementation of these technologies. The result shows that this proposed
structure of Industry 4.0 can quickly improve the e±ciency of manufacturing in-
dustries. Craveiro et al. (2019) state that additive manufacturing is an evolving
technology of Industry 4.0 and is used in design and manufacturing of complex
geometries. Smart materials, like self-healing and shape-memory materials with
embedded sensors, change with environmental changes. This technology is helpful
for repair applications and will create a signi¯cant trend in the future of industries.
Szalavetz (2019) proposed that advanced manufacturing technologies are used to
upgrade manufacturing subsidiaries to create bene¯cial impact and increase pro-
duction capability. The data collected through interviews were analyzed, and the
result shows that there is an improvement in production capability through Industry
4.0. Ribeiro da Silva et al. (2019) studied the new technologies which are helpful to
upgrade the research and development to achieve innovation and collaboration. The
digitalization of manufacturing plays a fundamental role in establishing the para-
digm of Industry 4.0, where it creates customized products in lesser time and cost to
ful¯ll the main challenge of this revolution. Alc
acer and Cruz-Machado (2019) dis-
cuss that Industry 4.0 leads the digital business models, production systems,
operators, environments, machines, products and services. Thus, to create a higher
level of automation, di®erent software-enabled factory communications is employed
at all elements of the value chain. This disruptive impact makes everything smart in
the ecosystem.
Ancarani et al. (2019) analyzed that, back shoring companies are adopting new
technologies and data is taken from 495 relocation initiatives in Europe. The result

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shows that back shoring is associated with Industry 4.0 and improves quality along
with cost reduction. Ceruti et al. (2019) studied that Industry 4.0 program drivers
are most suitable for aeronautical maintenance. Additive Manufacturing and
Augmented Reality technologies are the leading technologies used to support
maintenance tasks. These technologies enhance their interest to make the digital
manufacturing system a reality in the industry sector. Milisavljevic-Syed et al.
(2019) discussed the advances in internet technologies which have great potential to
create global growth in an advanced manufacturing system. It enhances °exibility
and provides large-scale automation to interconnect and exchange data between
various components of Industry 4.0.
Schumacher et al. (2019) state that industrial decision-makers are contemplating
an increase in the investment in digital transformation to achieve the required goal
in manufacturing. In the next two years, the application and research on Industry
4.0 will increase for the creation of a global strategy. Javaid and Haleem (2019)
undertook an extensive literature review of Industry 4.0 in di®erent medical ¯elds,
elaborating wide applications for the manufacturing of customized implants, tools
and instruments. This innovative approach of manufacturing helps in the develop-
ment of the medical ¯eld through innovative technologies, smart machines, materials
and associated software. In future, it will create a smart hospital which can provide
proper information and monitoring systems. Dalenogare et al. (2018) proposed that
Industry 4.0 is the new industrial manufacturing processes which integrate and
connects companies to achieve e®ective industrial performance. In this work, authors
have surveyed 27 industrial sectors of Brazilian industry. The study analyzed how
Industry 4.0 technologies are associated with di®erent applications.
Ahuett-Garza and Kurfess (2018) studied that Industry 4.0 is the integration of
technologies helpful to increase e±ciency and responsiveness of the manufacturing
system. Smart Manufacturing is the implementation of Industry 4.0. This revolution
has some common elements like the Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems,
Additive Manufacturing, Big Data, Machine Learning and Robotics.
Jabbour et al. (2018) stated that to enhance the capability of Industry 4.0 in an
environmentally sustainable manufacturing system, it has to develop the potential
to ful¯ll di®erent challenges and opportunities. Kamble et al. (2018a) identi¯ed that
if manufacturing organizations want to embrace Industry 4.0, then they have to
analyze potential barriers. Further, they have used Interpretive Structural Modeling
(ISM), using inputs from a group of industry experts and academia to develop
contextual relationships. ISM model shows the interaction of di®erent barriers to
Industry 4.0 adoption, and further analyzed the direct and indirect e®ects of each
identi¯ed barrier. A signi¯cant ¯nding is that there are very fewer barriers in this
upcoming revolution.
Dilberoglua et al. (2017) studied Industry 4.0 as the integration of intelligent
manufacturing and advanced information technology. In this industrial revolution,
AM plays a vital role to design, customization, research and development. Zhong
et al. (2017) proposed that in the next generation of industry, there will be some

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incremental enhancement of °exibility in manufacturing, mass customization, pro-

ductivity with higher product quality. Further, it will enable to produce individu-
alized products in lesser lead-time to market. Intelligent manufacturing plays a vital
role to create a smart environment.

5. Di®erent Components Used to Implement Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 help improve conditions and safety of the worker by using smart
machines. It increases the production rate through smart technologies, advanced
robotics and cloud computing. These technologies produce better products at a lower
cost (Moktadir et al., 2018). By the use of IoT, machines are connected with the
internet to analyze data and also to digitize supply chain. It helps to improve the
productivity of manufacturing system (Wollschlaeger et al., 2017; Liao et al., 2017).
Industry 4.0 uses a cloud platform which allows to store and access data to perform a
vital task in real time. It increases data sharing across the complete manufacturing
system and also analyzes the information from a customer perspective, market
trends and their correlations. Di®erent components used to implement Industry 4.0
are discussed as follows.

5.1. Additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing plays a vital role in Industry 4.0. It produces a 3D physical
object from 3D computer-aided-design (CAD) ¯le generated by designing software
or output of 3D scanners. It adds material, layer-by-layer to create a solid object. It
uses di®erent materials like metal, thermoplastics, ceramics, biochemicals and also
other types of materials. There are di®erent types of technologies used in AM such
as Stereolithography (SLA), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Fused Deposition
Modeling (FDM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), Polyjet 3D Printing
(PJP), Inkjet 3D Printing (IJP), Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), Colour-
Jet-Printing (CJP), Electron Beam Melting (EBM) and Multi-Jet-Printing (MJP).
It manufactures a customized product as per the customers' requirement in lesser
time and cost. Due to its °exibility in design and manufacturing, this technology
can quickly launch a new product. As this technology manufactures product layer-
by-layer, there are decidedly fewer wastages. In the medical ¯eld, it has broad
applications such as manufacturing patient-speci¯c implants, tools and speci¯c
devices as per individual requirements (Campbell et al., 2012; Cheng et al., 2018;
Niaki et al., 2018).

5.2. Smart machines

A smart machine has an excellent capability to reduce the human e®ort by using
automated/intelligent systems in Industry 4.0. Smart machines are also embedded
with cognitive computing technologies like arti¯cial intelligence, deep learning/
machine learning. These machines are also used to solve problems like decision

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A. Haleem and M. Javaid

making and action-taking. In future business, these technologies will be capable of

providing e±cient manufacturing processes. A smart machine will replace the
human task and will be helpful in medicine to recommend best-suited treatment and
undertake appropriate diagnosis of diseases (Hozdic, 2015; Ivanov et al., 2016).

5.3. Autonomous robots

An autonomous robot is an essential component of Industry 4.0 and can perform a
required task without human control. These can gain information about the envi-
ronment. It has been observed that there is an increment in the production system
by the use of robot in industry. These are used to improve system performance,
material handling, material movement and control. It can work in an environment
where a worker feels dangerous during manufacturing (Bahrin et al., 2016; Pires
et al., 2018).

5.4. Smart materials

Smart materials are also used in the fourth revolution to enhance product perfor-
mance. These materials can change their shape over time or with the change of
temperature. A smart product can change its shape as per the intended requirements
and also has extensive applications in the medical ¯eld (Paul et al., 2018; Javaid and
Haleem, 2018).

5.5. Internet of things (IoT )

With the help of network facilities, it combines data for decision-making process such
as sensors, actuators with physical devices. IoT enhances the value and functionality
of the product (Yang and Xu, 2018). It integrates the physical world into the
computer-based system to reduce human intervention and improve economic ben-
e¯t, e±ciency and accuracy (Xu et al., 2014; Branger and Pang, 2015; Arnold et al.,
2017; Luthra et al., 2018).

5.6. Industrial internet of things

IIoT refers to the subcategory of the Internet of Things which deals with two sig-
ni¯cant areas in the industry. It focuses on improving e±ciency and improving
safety/health. In Industry 4.0, IIoT integrates a cyber-physical system and
manufacturing process with the help of big data and analytics. It regularly monitors
systems and processes in industries to create visibility (Chen, 2017b; Boyes et al.,
2018; Zezulka et al., 2018).

5.7. Smart sensors

A smart sensor is a device which is capable of taking input from the physical envi-
ronment and process the data using computer resources. In Industry 4.0, sensors are
used to analyze systems and controls for operations like temperature, humidity,

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

position, pressure, leak detection, sensor, accelerometers, etc. There are di®erent
types of sensors used in various real-time data as per the requirement of industry
(Udupa and Yellampalli, 2018; Huang et al., 2018).

5.8. New smart programmable logic controller (PLC ) system

Smart PLC is a programmable device that easily handles the process sequence of
di®erent events like lift's movement, the functionality of pumps, turbine rotation,
motor on/o®, alarms, etc. It acts as the heart of an industry that controls many
industrial processes. It is used to control whole manufacturing processes such as
assembly lines, robotic devices and activity where we required control (Zheng et al.,
2018; Pires et al., 2018).

5.9. Software
It plays a vital role to change the traditional manufacturing system and product
development cycles completely. Softwares are also used for fast designing, analysis,
testing, research and experimental analysis before actual production of parts
through the use of di®erent algorithms and theories (Jeng et al., 2016; Javaid and
Haleem, 2017). They can further be customized as per the need.

5.10. Virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR)

These are used for better integration with humans and interacting with electronics
systems to provide real-time information. These technologies help to troubleshoot
any faults and failure. These help to improve the quality of planning, e±ciency,
worker safety with a shorter development cycle. These relate computer-mediated
reality concepts with the physical/real world and extracts real-world sensory
inputs like video, graphics, sound, haptics and GPS data (Oyelude, 2018; Bradley
and Newbutt, 2018).

5.11. IoT gateway

IoT gateway is used in Industry 4.0 to collect, manipulate and store data by using
smartphones, tablets and similar devices. It enables connectivity, along with data
analysis. IoT gateway is also used to provide better communication between local
processing, cloud, ¯eld and other storage capabilities (Ukil et al., 2014; Tu et al.,
2018).

5.12. Cloud
Cloud has an essential role in quick updation and expansion of business areas. Its
applications are in remote services, management, performance and benchmarking.
Cloud is also used to improve °exibility with re-provisioning and to expand tech-
nological resources (Wasike and Njoroge, 2015; Liu and Xu, 2017).

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5.13. Open platform communication (OPC) server

OPC is an open platform communication server which connects all legacy devices to
the cloud/gateway for secure data storage and analysis. It is also used for object
linking and control devices, machines and IoT Gateway (Mosterman and Zander,
2016; Hofmann and Rusch, 2017).

5.14. Arti¯cial intelligence (AI)

It is an essential process which includes learning, reasoning and self-correction.
Arti¯cial intelligence programs and controls machines similar to human intelligence.
It is also an essential part of Industry 4.0, which copies the intelligent human
behavior. It involves the applications of the computerized program in specialized
machine automation that e±ciently perform non-repetitive and complex tasks with
robots. Thus, there is very little intervention whereby saving the labor cost. Industry
4.0 is a connected ecosystem that increases communication, monitoring and auto-
mation (Upadhyay and Khandelwal, 2018; Hirsch, 2018; Lu, 2019).

6. Research Status on Industry 4.0 and Additive Manufacturing

in Industry 4.0
6.1. Research status on industry 4.0
Research on Industry 4.0 is increasing rapidly from the past few years. By searching
keywords as \Industry 4.0" from Scopus; 5729 articles are identi¯ed until July 2019.
In 2012, the ¯rst and second articles were published. In 2013 (31), 2014 (91), 2015
(209), 2016 (533), 2017 (1103), 2018 (2100), 2019 (1604) and in upcoming issues of
2020 by di®erent journals, 56 articles are published so far.
Researchers from di®erent countries published papers on Industry 4.0. Germany
has a maximum contribution of 24% in this upcoming revolution. Italy (8%), China
(5%), United States (5%), United Kingdom (4%), Spain (4%), Austria (3%) con-
tributions. There are also some contributions to other countries, these include,
Portugal, Brazil, Russian Federation, France, Czech Republic, Poland, Sweden,
South Korea, Hungary, India, Switzerland, Canada, Norway, Slovakia, Finland,
Malaysia, Greece, Turkey, Australia, Denmark, Mexico, Romania, Japan, Ireland,
Netherlands, Singapore, Serbia, South Africa, Belgium, New Zealand, Croatia,
Thailand, Colombia, Ukraine, Slovenia, Ecuador, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Estonia,
Luxembourg, Egypt, Indonesia, Pakistan, Morocco, Tunisia, Malta, Viet Nam,
Argentina, Bulgaria, Latvia, Chile, Costa Rica, Ghana, Lithuania, Philippines,
Algeria, Cuba, Iran, Oman, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh, Cyprus,
Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Panama, Qatar, Venezuela, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Di®erent journals and sources have published articles on the area of Industry
4.0. Procedia Manufacturing has the highest publication of 130 articles among
all the journal and sources. Advances in intelligent systems and computing
published 114 papers. Procedia CIRP and ZWF Zeitschrift Fuer Wirtschaftlichen

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

Fabrikbetrieb, both have similar publications of 107 articles. Lecture Notes in

Computer Science, including subseries lecture notes in arti¯cial intelligence and
Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics, published 87 and IFIP Advances in Information
and Communication Technology, published 85 articles. Di®erent sources and journals
also published articles on Industry 4.0
Engineering ¯eld provides maximum contribution of 31% in Industry 4.0, Com-
puter Science (25%), Business, Management and Accounting (7%), Mathematics
(7%), Decision Sciences (7%), Materials Science (5%), Physics and Astronomy (4%)
and there is also 14% contribution by other ¯elds, these include Social Sciences,
Environmental Science, Energy, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Economics,
Econometrics and Finance, Arts and Humanities, Biochemistry, Genetics and
Molecular Biology, Medicine, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Agricultural and
Biological Sciences, Psychology, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics,
Health Professions, Multidisciplinary, Neuroscience and Nursing.
By analyzing data from Scopus, there is a fast increment in research in Industry
4.0, and the maximum contribution is from engineering and will prove bene¯cial for
future manufacturing.

6.2. Research status on additive manufacturing in industry 4.0

There are also a few research papers published on additive manufacturing applica-
tions in Industry 4.0. By searching keywords as \additive manufacturing" and
\Industry 4.0", we identi¯ed 116 articles being published up to July 2019. In 2015,
the ¯rst research article was published, and 13 in 2016, and 12 in 2017. In 2018, there
are rapid increments in publication, in this year 58 papers and in 2019, 31 research
articles are published so far and 1 is published in 2020 issues.
Di®erent countries contribute to research on additive manufacturing in Industry
4.0. Germany has a maximum contribution of 16% in this research area. Italy (12%),
United Kingdom (11%), United States (10%), Spain (6%). Other countries also have
some research contribution in this area. These include Austria, Canada, Denmark,
India, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Ukraine, Brazil, Costa Rica, Czech
Republic, Egypt, Finland, France, Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland.
Various sources and journals published articles on additive manufacturing
in Industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing has the maximum publication of ¯ve.
Procedia CIRP published four and Manufacturing Letters published three papers.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Journal of Manufacturing Tech-
nology Management, Lecture Notes in Engineering, Materials, ZWF Zeitschrift fuer
wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, Proceedings of SPIE the International Society for
Optical Engineering published two papers each. The remaining sources and journals
also published one paper.
There is a maximum contribution of 38% provided by the engineering ¯eld.
Computer science (20%), Business, Management and Accounting (9%), Materials
Science (7%), Decision Sciences (6%), Physics and Astronomy (4%), Environmental

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A. Haleem and M. Javaid

Science (3%), Mathematics (3%), Chemical Engineering (3%), Social Sciences (2%).
There is also a 5% contribution by other ¯elds. These areas include Chemistry,
Energy, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Economics, Econometrics and
Finance, Medicine and Psychology.
From Scopus data, the applications of additive manufacturing is increasing in
Industry 4.0 and research is also growing in this area. It has been analyzed that
additive manufacturing also has a role in completing Industry 4.0 requirements.

7. Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 is the smart and connected manufacturing of the next industrial
revolution that has become increasingly pervasive. The main aim of this revolution is
customization, increase innovation, pro¯tability, e±ciency, performance and better
management of safety. Industry 4.0 use automation by using di®erent machines and
digital technologies such as 3D printing, Internet of Things, cloud computing,
advanced analytics, cyber-physical system, etc. (Lee et al., 2015; Mosterman and
Zander, 2016; Li et al., 2017; Chen, 2017a). It is the process of market competencies
in production, logistics and customer care. It supports functions for change culture
and management. Table 2 discusses the primary additive manufacturing applica-
tions in Industry 4.0.
Industry 4.0 is a smart manufacturing system to manufacture customized part as
per individual customer requirements. Additive manufacturing is a vital part of
providing extensive contributions to Industry 4.0. It reduces material wastages to
create a broad impact on the environment. Additive manufacturing is now available
as a disruptive technology to complete the required task in Industry 4.0. It is the
integration of design software and 3D printing machines to complete the
manufacturing of the product. It is an essential manufacturing technique to deliver
world-class results. AM is an innovative manufacturing process by which inventory
is stored in digital form and completes manufacturing tasks when required. It is
a °exible approach to the product development process and changes the whole
production scenario. In this process, manufacturing is automatically done by giving
command through software and reducing human e®ort. For tomorrow's smart
factories, AM has the potential to reach their potential.

8. Research Implications
This paper analyzes the capabilities of additive manufacturing and its applications
for e®ective implementation of Industry 4.0. This research provides the best
awareness of product design and development as per the need of a new revolution by
which a prototype can build quickly before starting the full production system. It
provides maximum °exibility during the manufacturing of an object which is almost
applicable in all areas such as designing and development of medical parts, food,
automobile, dentistry, jewelry and others.

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

Table 2. Signi¯cant applications of Additive Manufacturing in Industry 4.0.

S. No. Applications Description References

1 Customization . AM e±ciently manufactures a personalized Lee et al., 2014; Gaub,

and customized product by using its di®erent 2016; Pereira et al.,
technologies 2016; Zawadzki and
. Replacement of customized parts in lesser time Żywicki, 2016
and cost
. Quick digitization and customization with
inputs from computer-aided manufacturing
. Focus on innovation in products to enhance
e±ciency and product lifecycle
. Presents a new age of intelligent manufactur-
ing that realizes growth opportunities in
business
. Allows ful¯lling the expectation of every cus-
tomer by the manufacturing of new custom-
ized product as per demand
2 Design and . Product is designed and developed quickly Long et al., 2016; Lu,
development through the use of additive manufacturing 2017b; Kamble et al.,
technologies 2018b
. Enables product improvement and provides a
better product in the market
. Examines all potential risks before launching a
new product in the market
. Meets the need of market by design and
manufacturing of prototype as well as of the
whole product
. AM has the potential to convert ideas into
reality by launching the product in the market
3 Prototyping . Prototypes/models are easy to manufacture with Lifton et al., 2014;
the inputs from CAD ¯le prepared with the help Wilkesmann and
of di®erent design software/3D scanner/CT/ Wilkesmann, 2018; Li
MRI and printable by using AM technologies et al., 2018
. Ability to bring products quickly to the
market
. Prototype manufactured by AM can help test
concept or process before starting the full
production
. Serves as a functional aspect of intended
design but may or may not comprise
functionality of the ¯nal product
4 Virtual . Inventory holding is the major issue that Yoo et al., 2016;
Inventory increases the ¯nal cost of the product in a Schumacher et al.,
traditional manufacturing system 2016; Zheng et al.,
. With the application of AM, platform inven- 2018
tory is stored digitally in the form of a 3D
digital CAD ¯le
. Virtual inventory optimizes the costs of supply
chain
. Help eliminate the need of vendors as the
product is manufactured in a single time
. Enhances the smart supply chain system

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A. Haleem and M. Javaid

Table 2. (Continued )

S. No. Applications Description References

5 Reduce wastages . In some additive manufacturing technologies, Kolberg and Zuhlke,

there is very little wastage of material due to 2015; Sanders et al.,
the recycling of input material 2016; Lin et al., 2018
. The material handled in powder form is recy-
cled easily
. Due to its less wastage of raw material, the
¯nal cost of the product gets reduced
6 Speed . Customized products as per required strength Schlechtendahl et al.,
are manufactured in lesser time 2015; Chong et al.,
. Also applicable to the manufacturing of a 2018
conceptual model to speed up the research and
development process
. By increasing the layer thickness, printing
speed can be improved, but with lesser
accuracy
7 Flexibility . Industry 4.0 will be popular due to °exibility Zhong et al., 2017;
in the design and manufacture of the product Efendioglu and
. Design and manufacturing are °exible by Woitsch, 2018;
using AM technologies Wang, 2018
. The °exibility of the material in some AM
technologies
. Improves the overall performance of the
manufacturing system
8 Risk reduction . Reduces risk in global manufacturing enter- Ramola et al., 2018;
prise across all operations Haleem et al., 2018b;
. New products are manufactured in lesser time Vaidya et al., 2018;
which can be tested further before the full Chadha et al., 2019
production
. In the medical ¯eld, implants manufactured
by this technology are bene¯cial for surgical
planning to reduce risks
. Collaboration with customers and suppliers to
improve relationships and satisfaction
9 Customer . AM e±ciently ful¯ls customer requirements Hofmann and Rusch,
satisfaction by creating an innovative/customized product 2017; Theorin et al.,
. It has the potential to meet customer re- 2017
quirement in much lesser time
. Customized products are manufactured
through AM in less time, improves the repu-
tation of the product in the market and
improves customer satisfaction
10 Accuracy . AM is also applicable for the printing of metal, Bordoni and Boschetto,
organic and biocompatible materials with 2012; Leite et al.,
good accuracy and surface ¯nish 2018; Soares et al.,
. Uses lots of material in powder form as input 2018
to increase the accuracy of the ¯nal product
. By reducing the layer thickness, the accuracy
of the product can be improved

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

Table 2. (Continued )

S. No. Applications Description References

11 Productivity . This technology can be embraced by various Qin et al., 2016; Stock
industries to increase productivity in the up- and Seliger, 2016;
coming decade Strange and
. E±cient to increase productivity by convert- Zucchella, 2017; Tsai
ing the input into required output by selecting and Lu, 2018
appropriate technology
. Improve productivity by less consumption of
material, energy and workforce
. Used multi-nozzles for the printing of multi-
material to increase productivity
. Less possibility of mistake during design and
manufacturing
. Ability to manufacture highly complex end
products
12 Improved . Provides value-added activities to manu- Prinz et al., 2016;
pro¯tability facturers and improves their pro¯tability both Haleem and Javaid,
for product and service 2018
. Helps organizations to do well to achieve the
best pro¯t margin with improved utilization of
the facilities
. Increases pro¯tability during the research and
development of product, tools and devices
. It allows manufacturers to spin up computing
power
13 Improve supply . AM enables smart manufacturing which pro- Branke et al., 2016;
chain vides the ability to connect to the network of, Durach et al., 2017;
performance and inform planning and inventory processes Ardito et al., 2018
and cost . No need to choose a retailer which delivers the
reduction product to the customer
. Reduces supply chain cost for on-demand
products for use in engineering, automobile,
medical, dentistry because the product is de-
livered directly to the customer

9. Discussion on Results
In the era of Industry 4.0, smart production technologies are integrated with intel-
ligent information process to improve the production value chains and the associated
business model. In manufacturing, Industry 4.0 is to bring a new reality that brings
the innovative concept of design as well as of manufacturing processes. It helps the
introduction of new products with customized features at optimal cost. It collects
and analyzes data to identify whether the product is suitable for the customer.
Additive manufacturing technologies are available to bring disruptive innovation in
Industry 4.0. It raises digital technology advancement and increases productivity.
Additive manufacturing technologies automatically undertakes the manufacture of
the product using the input of the 3D CAD ¯le.

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A. Haleem and M. Javaid

By the implementation of AM in Industry, production becomes more independent

of manufacturing individual components. It also reduces inventory and internal
transportation cost. Industry 4.0 is a new approach to smart manufacturing to
digitize enhanced production system. It plays an essential role in Industry 4.0 to ful¯l
various requirements by using software and speci¯c machining technologies.
The manufacturing process will have improved °exibility by using smart
machines, robots and smart products that communicate. The system can also make a
decision that provides °exibility at a higher level. It uses automated logistics, robots
and autonomous vehicles that will adjust automatically to production needs. It
provides a faster response to the customer by creating innovation in production
processes.
Industry 4.0 has capable machines and systems to expand the role of IT in their
products. It increases the overall functionality of the system by growing intercon-
nectivity technologies, products and human beings. Industry 4.0 embraces industries
and countries in di®erent ways and at di®erent rates.
AM has the potential to address issues that make the organization more proac-
tive, predictive and responsive. Its focus is on the enhancement of productivity and
risk reduction. Industries take advantage of AM in a more signi¯cant degree of
°exibility for a high level of product varieties. Next revolution has increased °exi-
bility in manufacturing with better quality and productivity along with mass cus-
tomization. Therefore, AM is an enabler and plays an essential role in this upcoming
revolution.

10. Limitations and Future Scope

Additive manufacturing cannot provide the desired strength and accuracy to all the
products. It does not accomplish all the requirements of Industry 4.0 due to its
limited material option, and optimize production in case of the mass production
system. It is an automatic manufacturing system, but there is a high requirement of
experienced and skilled human resources. The high cost of the machine is another
limitation of Industry 4.0, and extensive research and development are required.
In future, AM will provide technological advancement in manufacturing that
ful¯ls various requirements of Industry 4.0. It forms a °exible market that meets
customer requirement fast and smoothly and is used in research and development of
new innovative products. Due to its capability of customization, a customer can
achieve satisfaction in optimized cost. In future, AM will be used for research and
development of a new product to move toward the required goal of Industry 4.0.
In medicine, these technologies will be available for the production of smart,
customized implants called 4D printing. These smart materials can change the shape
of implants when inserted into a patient's body with the change of time. Due to its
automated manufacturing process, companies will increase e±ciency during the
manufacturing of parts in the future ¯fth industrial revolution to take place and will
be called as Industry 5.0.

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 Additive Manufacturing Applications in Industry 4.0

11. Conclusion
Additive manufacturing enhanced its contribution in Industry 4.0 through its in-
tegration of 3D printing, di®erent designing and printing software and processes. It
ful¯lls di®erent requirements of Industry 4.0 such as customization, e±ciency, quick
delivery, waste reductions and it is vital towards the implementation of this fourth
industrial revolution. Bibliometric analysis and literature review has helped in
identifying di®erent components used for implementing Industry 4.0. Signi¯cant
applications of AM in Industry 4.0 were also identi¯ed through the literature review
process. AM have an excellent capability to manufacture the customized parts and
uses di®erent technologies having di®erent input materials such as plastic, ceramics,
powder, metals, etc. Its impact is signi¯cantly realized in Industry 4.0 to integrate
and coordinate essential capabilities. AM is °exible and cost-e®ective, that opens
a new market. This technology has already explored its applications in medicine,
engineering, aerospace, automobile, design, food industry, etc. Industry 4.0 does
not only create advancement in production system but also makes innovation in
education, research and development.

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