Scribd
Upload
34 views

AQL Sampling Process - DIQS

The document discusses random sampling procedures for quality inspection including single sampling plans, defect categories, advantages and disadvantages of random sampling, sample size selection, and acceptance criteria. Random samples are taken from lots and inspected against acceptance quality limits to determine if the lot passes or fails inspection.

Uploaded by

Mansour Asl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

AQL Sampling Process - DIQS

The document discusses random sampling procedures for quality inspection including single sampling plans, defect categories, advantages and disadvantages of random sampling, sample size selection, and acceptance criteria. Random samples are taken from lots and inspected against acceptance quality limits to determine if the lot passes or fails inspection.

Uploaded by

Mansour Asl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

How to Proceed Random

Sampling Following ANSI tables


(Also known as AQL tables)

1- SINGLE SAMPLING PLAN


2- DEFECT CATEGORIES REVIEW

Source: Mil-Std 105E, replaced by commercial standards:

ISO2859, ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003, NF06-022, BS 6001, DIN 40080.


ADVANTAGES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
1.The cost and time required for sampling inspection is quite less as compared
to 100% inspection.
2.Problem of inspection fatigue which occurs in 100% inspection is eliminated.
3.Smaller inspection staff is necessary.
4.Less damage to products because only few items are subjected to handling
during inspection.
5.The problem of monotony and inspector error introduced by 100% inspection
is minimized.
6.The most important advantage of sampling inspection is that the exerts more
effective pressure on quality improvement. Since the rejection of entire lot
based on sampling brings much stronger pressure on quality improvement that
the rejection of individual articles.
DISADVANTAGES OF RANDOM SAMPLING
1. Risk of making wrong decisions;
Sample is not exact picture of lot, hence there will be chance of making wrong decisions.

A really good lot(less proportion of defective than specified) may be rejected because of bad
sample. In this case producer suffer the risk of reworking or in house failure of his product.

A really bad lot (greater proportion of defective than specified) may be accepted because of good
sample drawn. In this case consumer suffer the risk of accepting a bad lot and it is called
consumer's risk.

2. Sample usually provides less information about the product than 100% inspection.

3. Some extra planning and documentation is necessary.


SUCCESS OF SAMPLING

➢ Randomness of samples
➢ Sample size
➢ Quality characteristics to be tested
➢ Acceptance criteria
➢ Lot Size
HOW TO SELECT CARTONS

The rule is to randomly select the square root of total number of cartons
(√(total number of cartons)), if it gives an exact number we will use it, if not
exact, we will round it up to the next exact number.

Ex1) Total number of cartons: 100 → square root will be 10, since it is exact,
we will pick 10 sample cartons

Ex2) Total number of cartons 110 → square root will be 10.48, since it is not
exact, we will pick 11 sample cartons
Step 1: the Code Letter

Based on applicable PO, PL and available quantity, and the confirmed


sampling plan , find the Code Letter on table 1 (example on next slide)
Step 2: Sample Size and AQLs

- In front of Code Letter, the applicable sample size can be found (example
on next slide)
- Note that this Code Letter will not change for different defect categories,
hence for Critical/Major/Minor defects, we follow the same sample size
Step 2: Sample Size and AQLs
- Based on confirmed AQL, the acceptance and rejection limits can be found
on table, for this example (Cr 0 / Ma 1.5 / Mi 4.5):
Your code letter is “N”, so you will have to draw 500 pcs randomly from the
total lot size.

Here are the limits: the products are accepted if NO critical defects, and
NO MORE than 14 major defects, and NO MORE than 21 minor defects
are found.

Examples:
If you find 0 critical defect, 17 major defects and 12 minor defects, the products
are rejected.
If you find 0 critical defect, 10 major defects and 21 minor defects, the products
are accepted.
DEFECT CATEGORIES REVIEW

Minor defects
Minor defects are usually small, insignificant issues that don’t affect the
function or form of the item. In most cases, the customer wouldn’t even
notice a minor defect on a product. And the customer wouldn’t likely return
an item due to a minor defect alone.
Importers often set the highest tolerance—or AQL, if applying that
standard—for minor defects in their inspected sample size. But an item can
still fail inspection if the number of minor defects found exceeds the limit
set by their tolerance
DEFECT CATEGORIES REVIEW
Major defects
Major defects are more serious than minor defects. A product with a major
defects apart significantly from the buyer’s product specifications. Major defects
are those which could adversely affect the function, performance or
appearance of a product.
These defects are readily noticeable by the customer. And these defects would
likely cause a customer to return the product, lodge a complaint or request a
refund in response.
Most importers set a lower limit for major defects than minor defects in their
inspected sample size. They will often accept an order with relatively few major
defects. But they are likely to reject an order, or ask their supplier to hold or
rework it, if the goods fail inspection due to an excessive number of major defects
found.
DEFECT CATEGORIES REVIEW
Critical defects
Critical defects are the most serious of the three defect types. Critical defects render
an item completely unusable and/or could cause harm to the user or someone in
the vicinity of the product.

These defects put businesses at serious risk of product liability issues, lawsuits and
product recalls.

Many importers have a “zero tolerance” policy for critical defects in their orders
commensurate with this risk. An item will often fail product inspection if a single
critical defect is found within the order.

You might also like