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Alternating Series: A Series of The Form

The document discusses different types of series, including alternating series, series with both positive and negative terms, and power series. It defines absolute and conditional convergence for series. For power series centered at a point a, it describes three cases for the radius of convergence R - when R is 0, infinity, or a positive number. The radius of convergence determines the interval of convergence as the values between a-R and a+R where the series converges. The ratio test is given as a method to compute the radius of convergence R for a power series. Examples are provided to determine the radius and interval of convergence for given power series.

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55 views3 pages

Alternating Series: A Series of The Form

The document discusses different types of series, including alternating series, series with both positive and negative terms, and power series. It defines absolute and conditional convergence for series. For power series centered at a point a, it describes three cases for the radius of convergence R - when R is 0, infinity, or a positive number. The radius of convergence determines the interval of convergence as the values between a-R and a+R where the series converges. The ratio test is given as a method to compute the radius of convergence R for a power series. Examples are provided to determine the radius and interval of convergence for given power series.

Uploaded by

Na O Le
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Alternating Series

A series of the form

converges if

Example. Show that the following alternating harmonic series converges:

Series of Both Positive and Negative Terms

Theorem: Convergence of Absolute Values Implies Convergence

If ∑ | an| converges, then so does ∑ an.

Explain how we know that the following series converges

We say that the series ∑ an is


• absolutely convergent if ∑ an and ∑ |an| both converge.
• conditionally convergent if ∑ an converges but ∑ |an| diverges.

Test for convergence.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.
8.

9.

10.

11.
( 1) n 1 n 2
12.
n 1 2n

Power Series

A power series about x = a is a sum of constants times powers of (x - a):

A power series may converge for some values of x and not for others.

Intervals of Convergence

Each power series falls into one of the three following cases, characterized by its radius of
convergence, R.

• The series converges only for x = a; the radius of convergence is defined to be R = 0.


• The series converges for all values of x; the radius of convergence is defined to be
R = ∞.
• There is a positive number R, called the radius of convergence, such that the series
converges for |x - a| < R and diverges for |x - a| > R. See Figure 9.11.
• The interval of convergence is the interval between a - R and a + R, including any
endpoint where the series converges.

Figure: Radius of convergence, R, determines an interval, centered at x = a, in which


the series converges
Theorem: Method for Computing Radius of Convergence

To calculate the radius of convergence, R, for the power series , use the ratio
test with an = Cn(x - a)n.
• If is infinite, then R = 0.
• If , then R = ∞.
• If , where K is finite and nonzero, then R = 1/K.

Determine radius of convergence and the interval o convergence of the following power series:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
6.

7.

8.

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