Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.

Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13

Subject : MATHEMATICS – IA

S.
Topics Page No.
No.
Functions :
Types of functions – Definitions.
1
Inverse functions and Theorems.
Domain, Range, Inverse of real valued functions.
Mathematical Induction
Principle of Mathematical Induction & Theorems.
2
Applications of Mathematical Induction.
Problems on divisibility.
Matrices:
Types of matrices
Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices
Transpose of a matrix
3 Determinants
Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix
Consistency and inconsistency of Equations- Rank of a
matrix
Solution of simultaneous linear equations
VECTOR ALGEBRA
Addition of Vectors :
Vectors as a triad of real numbers.
Classification of vectors.
Addition of vectors.
4 Scalar multiplication.
Angle between two non zero vectors.
Linear combination of vectors.
Component of a vector in three dimensions.
Vector equations of line and plane including their Cartesian equivalent
forms.
Product of Vectors :
Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections.
Properties of dot product.
Expression of dot product in i, j, k system - Angle between two
vectors.
Geometrical Vector methods.
5
Vector equations of plane in normal form.
Angle between two planes.
Vector product of two vectors and properties.
Vector product in i, j, k system.
Vector Areas.
Scalar Triple Product.

1|Page
 Vector equations of plane in different forms, skew lines, shortest
distance and their Cartesian equivalents. Plane through the line of
intersection of two planes, condition for coplanarity of two lines,
perpendicular distance of a point from a plane, Angle between line and
a plane. Cartesian equivalents of all these results Vector Triple Product
– Results
TRIGONOMETRY
Trigonometric Ratios up to Transformations :
6.1 Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions.
6 6.2 Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles.
6.3 Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple
angles.
6.4 Transformations - Sum and Product rules.
Trigonometric Equations:
7 7.1 General Solution of Trigonometric Equations.
7.2 Simple Trigonometric Equations – Solutions.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
8.1 To reduce a Trigonometric Function into a bijection.
8
8.2 Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
8.3 Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.
8 Hyperbolic Functions:
9.1 Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs.
9
9.2 Definition of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs.
9.3 Addition formulas of Hyperbolic Functions.
Properties of Triangles:
10.1 Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle
10 10.2 Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Projection rules.
10.3 Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle
10.4 In-circle and Ex-circle of a Triangle.
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
Functions 14 - 22
1
1.2-> Inverse Functions and theorems
2 Mathematical Induction
Matrices – 85 – 89
3.4.8-> Properties of determinants
89
3.4.9-> Notations
3.4.10-> Solved problems 89 – 94
Exercise.3(d) Problems II and III
95 – 96
3 Proof of A-1 = adjA/!A! and
3.5.5 theorem 98 – 99
3.6.8 to 3.6.13 (Consistent and in consistent system)
109 – 115
including exercise 3g
3.7.4 to 3.7.9 Gauss Jordan Method and related problems solution of a 118 - 124
homogenous linear Equations
5 Product of Vectors 196 - 215
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 5.10 to 5.13 : Scalar Triple product and onwards including exercise 5(c)
7 Trigonometric Equations – Full
8 Inverse Trigonometric functions – Full
Properties of Triangles
Problems related to Heights and distances and solved problems 27 and 389
10
28 392
Problems 13 to 18 in III exercise 10(a)

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : MATHEMATICS – IB

S.
Topics Page No.
No.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Locus :
1.
Definition of locus – Illustrations.
To find equations of locus - Problems connected to it.
Transformation of Axes :
2. Transformation of axes - Rules, Derivations and Illustrations.
Rotation of axes - Derivations – Illustrations.
The Straight Line :
Revision of fundamental results.
Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations.
Straight line - Symmetric form.
Straight line - Reduction into various forms.
Intersection of two Straight Lines.
3.
Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines.
Condition for Concurrent lines.
Angle between two lines.
Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line.
Distance between two parallel lines.
Concurrent lines - properties related to a triangle.
Pair of Straight lines:
Equations of pair of lines passing through origin, angle between a pair
of lines.
Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles.
Pair of bisectors of angles.
4.
Pair of lines - second degree general equation.
Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of
intersection of pair of lines.
Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in
X and Y.
Three Dimensional Coordinates :
5 Coordinates.
Section formulas - Centroid of a triangle and tetrahedron.
Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios :
6. Direction Cosines.
Direction Ratios
Plane :
7.
Cartesian equation of Plane - Simple Illustrations.
CALCULUS
8. Limits and Continuity:
Intervals and neighborhoods.
4|Page
 Limits.
Standard Limits.
Continuity.
Differentiation :
Derivative of a function.
Elementary Properties.
9. Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic
Function - Derivatives.
Methods of Differentiation.
Second Order Derivatives
Applications of Derivatives:
Errors and approximations.
Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative.
10.3 Equations of tangents and normals.
10.4 Lengths of tangent, normal, sub tangent and sub normal.
10. Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves.
Derivative as Rate of change.
Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean value theorem without proofs
and their geometrical interpretation.
Increasing and decreasing functions.
Maxima and Minima.
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
2. Transformation of AXES Full
Proofs of all Theorems and 4.3.4 91 – 97
4. Pair of Straight Lines
including exercise 4(a)
6.2.6 to 6.2.11 Angle between two 140 – 149
6. D.Cs and D.Rs
lines and problems related to it
7.1.12- Angle between two planes 159
7. Plane
and problems related to it
10.1 to 10.1.5 including exercise 255 – 261
10(a) ` Errors and approximations
10. Applications of Derivatives 10.4 – Lengths of tangent, Sub 271 – 274
tangent, Normal and subnormal
including ex-10(c)
10.6 – Derivate as a rate of change 278 – 290
including ex-10(e)
10.7 – Rolle’s and Legrange’s Mean
value theorems

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2013 – 14
Subject : MATHEMATICS – IIA

S. No. Topics Page No.

ALGEBRA
Complex Numbers:
1.1 Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers-
fundamental operations
1. 1.2 Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib.
1.3 Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers
Illustrations.
1.4 Geometrical and Polar Representation of complex
numbers in Argand plane- Argand diagram.
De Moivre’s Theorem:
2.1 De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices.
2.
2.2 nth roots of unity- Geometrical Interpretations –
Illustrations.
Quadratic Expressions:
3.1 Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable
3. 3.2 Sign of quadratic expressions – Change in signs –
Maximum and minimum values
3.3 Quadratic in equations
Theory of Equations:
4.1 The relation between the roots and coefficients in an
equation
4.2 Solving the equations when two or more roots of it are
4.
connected by certain relation
4.3 Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots
in conjugate pairs and its Consequences
4.4 Transformation of equations – Reciprocal Equations.
Permutations and Combinations:
Fundamental Principle of counting - linear and circular
permutations
Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time.
5
Permutations when repetitions allowed
Circular permutations
Permutations with constraint repetitions.
Combinations-definitions and certain theorems
Binomial Theorem:
Binomial theorem for positive integral index
6.
Binomial theorem for rational Index (without proof).
Approximations using Binomial theorem
Partial fractions:
Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –
repeated linear factors.
7.
Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains repeated
and/or non-repeated linear factors.
Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains
6|Page
 irreducible factors.

PROBABILITY
MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Range
Mean deviation
8.
Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped
data.
Coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution
with equal means but different variances.
Probability
Random experiments and events
Classical definition of probability,
9. Axiomatic approach and addition theorem of probability.
9.3 Independent and dependent events
conditional probability- multiplication theorem and Bayee’s
theorem.
Random Variables and Probability Distributions:
10.1 Random Variables
10.
10.2 Theoretical discrete distributions – Binomial and Poisson
Distributions
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
Complex Numbers 1.2.8-> Square root of a
Complex Number and related
1.
problems in solved problems
and exercise 1(b)
Quadratic Expressions 3.3-> Quadratic inequations 85 - 90
3.
including exercise 3(c)
Theory of Equations 4.4-> Transformation of 129 - 144
4. Equations including exercise
4(d)
Permutations & Combinations Derivation of formula npr and 154, 183
5. ncr
Theorems :5.2.1 and 5.6.1
6. Bi-nominal theorem Full
Partial Functions 7.3.8 and including exercise 274 - 275
7.
7(d)
Measures of Dispersion 8.4-> Coefficient of variation 296 - 304
and analysis of frequency
distributions with equal means
8.
Solved problems 2,3,6 in 8.5
and problem No:3 in III in
exercise 8(a)

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2013 – 14
Subject : MATHEMATICS – IIB

S.
Topics Page No.
No.
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
Circle :
Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius of a circle with a given line
segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points -
parametric equations of a circle.
Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of
tangent-length of tangent

1. Position of a straight line in the plane of a circle-conditions for a line to be

tangent – chord joining two points on a circle – equation of the tangent at a
point on the circle- point of contact-equation of normal.
Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points and conjugate lines -
equation of chord with given middle point.
Relative position of two circles- circles touching each other externally, internally
common tangents –centers of similitude- equation of pair of tangents from an
external point.

System of circles:
Angle between two intersecting circles.

2. Radical axis of two circles- properties- Common chord and common tangent of
two circles – radical centre.
Intersection of a line and a Circle.
Parabola:
3.1 Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different

3. forms of parabola- parametric equations.

3.2 Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola ( Cartesian and
parametric) - conditions for straight line to be a tangent.
Ellipse:
4.
4.1 Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations.

8|Page
 4.2 Equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and
parametric)- condition for a straight line to be a tangent.
Hyperbola:
5.1 Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations.
5
5.2 Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and
parametric)- conditions for a straight line to be a tangent- Asymptotes.
CALCULUS
Integration :
6.1 Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms –
properties of integrals.
6.
6.2 Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic,
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions. Integration by parts.
Integration- Partial fractions method.
Reduction formulae.
Definite Integrals:
Definite Integral as the limit of sum
Interpretation of Definite Integral as an area.

7. Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus.

Properties.
Reduction formulae.
Application of Definite integral to areas.
Differential equations:
Formation of differential equation-Degree and order of an ordinary differential
equation.
Solving differential equation by
8.
a) Variables separable method.
b) Homogeneous differential equation.
c) Non - Homogeneous differential equation.
Linear differential equations.

Topics deleted under

30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
Circles 1.5-> Relative positions of two circles including Ex 1(e) and 60 - 70
1.
solved problems
3. Parabola 3.2-> Tangents & Normal including Ex 3(b) 117 -128
4. Ellipse 4.2-> Equations of tangents & Normal including Ex 4(b) 148 – 158

9|Page
 6. Intergation Evaluation of
Definite Integrals 7.1 and
7.2 -> Definite integral as the limit of the sum and limit of
the sum and related problems in exercise
7. 7(a) and 7(b) and Examples 262 – 268
283 – 286
7.6-> Application of Definite integrals to areas including ex
7(d) 297 - 308
Differential 8.17-> Formation of Differential Equations and problems 317
Equations related to it
8.2(C): Non – Homogeneous Differential Equations including
8.
Ex 8(d)
Solution of linear differential Equations of the type dx+Px=Q,
341 - 345
Where P and Q

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : BOTANY – I

S. No. Topics Page No.

UNIT-I DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD

1. The living world

What is living? Diversity in the living world; Taxonomic categories
and taxonomical aids.

2. Biological Classification
Five kingdom classification - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and
Animalia, Three domains of life (six kingdom classification),
Viruses, Viroids, Prions & Lichens.

3. Science of plants - Botany

Origin, Development, Scope of Botany and Branches of Botany.

4. Plant Kingdom
Salient features, classification and alternation of generations of the
plants of the following groups – Algae, Bryophytes,
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS-
MORPHOLOGY
5. Morphology of flowering Plants
Vegetative :
Parts of a typical Angiospermic plant; Vegetative morphology and
UNIT - II modifications- Root, Stem and Leaf- types; Venation, Phyllotaxy.
Reproductive:
Inflorescence – Racemose, Cymose and special types ( in brief).
Flower : Parts of a flower and their detailed description; Aestivation,
Placentation.
Fruits : Types- True, False and parthenocarpic fruits.
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
6. Modes of Reproduction
Asexual reproduction, binary fission, Sporulation, budding,
fragmentation, vegetative propagation in plants, Sexual reproduction
in brief, Overview of angiosperm life cycle.
7. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Stamen,
microsporangium, pollen grain. Pistil, megasporangium (ovule) and
embryo sac; Development of male and female gametophytes.
UNIT-III
Pollination – Types, agents , Out breeding devices and Pollen – Pistil
interaction.
Double Fertilization; Post fertilisation events: Development of
endosperm and embryo; development of seed, Structure of
Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous seeds, Significance of fruit
and seed.
Special modes – Apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony.

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 UNIT-IV PLANT SYSTEMATICS
8. Taxonomy of angiosperms
Introduction.
Types of Systems of classification (In brief).
Semi- Technical description of a typical flowering plant Description of
Families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae.
UNIT-V CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
9. Cell – The Unit of Life
Cell- Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life- overview of the cell.
Prokaryotic cells, Ultra Structure of Plant cell (structure in detail
and functions in brief), Cell membrane, Cell wall, Cell organelles:
Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Plastids, Ribosomes, Golgi
bodies, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Microbodies, Centrosome and
Centriole, Cilia, Flagella, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus.
Chromosomes: Number, structural organization; Nucleosome.

10. Biomolecules
Structure and function of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic
acids.
11. Cell cycle and Cell Division
Cell cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis - significance.
UNIT-VI INTERNAL ORGANISATION OF PLANTS
12. Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants Tissues -
Types, structure and functions: Meristematic; Permanent tissues -
Simple and Complex tissues.
Tissue systems - Types, structure and function: Epidermal, Ground
and Vascular tissue systems.
Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous plants - Root,
Stem and Leaf.
Secondary growth in Dicot stem and Dicot root.
UNIT-VII PLANT ECOLOGY
13. Ecological Adaptations, Succession and
Ecological Services
Introduction.
Plant communities and Ecological adaptations: Hydrophytes,
Mesophytes and Xerophytes.
Plant succession.
Ecological services – Carbon fixation, Oxygen release and pollination
(in brief).

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 Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
1 The living world, Taxonomies Systematic 1–7
1.4 – Taxonomic aids 9 – 11
4 Plant Kingdom
4.5 : Angiosperm character
52 – 55
5 Morphology of Flowering plants 61 – 88
5.3: Leaf 69
5.6: Fruits 79
5.7: Seed 82
6 Reproduction in plants – Deleted completely 89 – 136
8 Family - 8.3.1: Fabaccae 142

12 12.1: Tissues 205

12.2: Tissue System 209
12.4: Secondary growth 215

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2013 – 14
Subject : BOTANY – II
S. No. Topics Page No.
1. Transport in Plants
Means of Transport- Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Passive symports
and antiports, Active Transport, Comparison of Different Transport
Processes, Plant-Water Relations- Water Potential, Osmosis,
Plasmolysis, Imbibition, Long Distance Transport of Water- Water
Movement up a Plant, Root Pressure, Transpiration pull,
Transpiration- Opening and Closing of Stomata, Transpiration and
Photosynthesis, Uptake and Transport of Mineral Nutrients-
Uptake of Mineral Ions, Translocation of Mineral Ions, Phloem
Transport: Flow from Source to Sink-The Pressure Flow or Mass
Flow Hypothesis
2. Mineral Nutrition
Methods to Study the Mineral Requirements of Plants,
Essential Mineral Elements-Criteria for Essentiality, Macronutrients,
Micronutrients, Role of Macro- and Micro- nutrients, Deficiency
Symptoms of Essential Elements, Toxicity of Micronutrients,
Mechanism of Absorption of Elements, Translocation of
Solutes, Soil as Reservoir of Essential Elements, Metabolism of
Nitrogen-Nitrogen Cycle, Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Symbiotic
nitrogen fixation, Nodule Formation
3. Enzymes
Chemical Reactions, Enzymatic Conversions, Nature of Enzyme Action,
Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity, Temperature and pH, Concentration
of Substrate, Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes, Co-factors
4. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Early Experiments, Site of Photosynthesis, Pigments Involved
in Photosynthesis, Light Reaction, The Electron Transport-
Splitting of Water, Cyclic and Non- cyclic Photo-phosphorylation,
Chemiosmotic Hypothesis, Biosynthetic phase- The Primary Acceptor
of CO2, The Calvin Cycle, The C4 Pathway, Photorespiration,
Factors
affecting Photosynthesis
5. Respiration of Plants
Cellular respiration, Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic
Respiration- Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Electron Transport System (ETS)
and Oxidative Phosphorylation, The Respiratory Balance Sheet,
Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient
6. Plant Growth and Development
Growth- Plant Growth, Phases of Growth, Growth Rates, Conditions for
Growth, Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation,
Development, Plant Growth Regulators- Physiological Effects of
Plant Growth Regulators, Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene,
Abscisic acid, Seed Dormancy, Photoperiodism, Vernalisation

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 UNIT II Microbiology
7. Bacteria
Morphology of Bacteria, Bacterial cell structure- Nutrition,
Reproduction- Sexual Reproduction, Conjugation, Transformation,
Transduction, The importance of Bacteria to Humans
8. Viruses
Discovery, Classification of Viruses, structure of Viruses,
Multiplication of Bacteriophages- The Lysogenic Cycle, Viral
diseases in Plants, Viral diseases in Humans
Unit-III Genetics
9. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Mendel’s Experiments, Inheritance of one gene (Monohybrid
Cross)-Back cross and Test cross, Law of Dominance, Law of
Segregation or Law of purity of gametes, Deviations from Mendelian
concept of dominance- Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance,
Explanation of the concept of dominance, Inheritance of two genes-
Law of Independent Assortment, Chromosomal Theory of
Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Mutations- Significance
of mutations.
Unit-IV Molecular Biology
10. Molecular Basis of inheritance
The DNA- Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA Helix,
The Search for Genetic Material, Transforming Principle,
Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle, The Genetic
Material is DNA, Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus RNA), RNA
World, Replication-The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and the
Enzymes, Transcription-Transcription Unit, Transcription Unit and the
Gene, Types of RNA and the process of Transcription, Genetic Code-
Mutations and Genetic Code, tRNA– the Adapter Molecule, Translation,
Regulation of Gene Expression-The Lac operon.
UNIT V Biotechnology
11. Principles and processes of Biotechnology
Principles of Biotechnology-Construction of the first artificial
recombinant DNA molecule, Tools of Recombinant DNA
Technology-Restriction Enzymes, Cloning Vectors, Competent Host
(For Transformation with Recombinant DNA), Processes of
Recombinant DNA Technology- Isolation of the Genetic Material
(DNA), Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations, Separation and isolation of
DNA fragments, Insertion of isolated gene into a suitable vector,
Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR, Insertion of Recombinant
DNA into the Host, Cell/Organism, Selection of Transformed host cells,
Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product, Downstream Processing
12. Biotechnology and its applications
Biotechnological Applications In Agriculture-Bt Cotton, Pest
Resistant Plants, Other applications of Biotechnology Insulin, Gene
therapy, Molecular Diagnosis, ELISA, DNA fingerprinting, Transgenic
plants, Bio-safety and Ethical issues- Biopiracy
UNIT VI Plants, Microbes and Human welfare
13 Strategies for enhancement in food production
Plant Breeding- What is Plant Breeding?, Wheat and Rice, Sugarcane,
Millets, Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance, Methods of breeding for
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 disease resistance, Mutation, Plant Breeding for Developing Resistance
to Insect Pests, Plant Breeding for Improved Food Quality, Single Cell
Protein (SCP), Tissue Culture
14. Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products-
Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes and other
Bioactive Molecules, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Primary treatment,
Secondary treatment or Biological treatment, Microbes in Production of
Biogas, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Biological control of pests and
diseases, Microbes as Biofertilisers, Challenges posed by Microbes
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
2 Mineral nutrition – Total chapter deleted 29 – 46
6 Plant growth & development .
6.1: Growth
6.2: Differentiation , De- differentiate and Re-differentiation 105 – 121
6.3: Development
6.5: Seed dormancy
6.6: Photo- periodism
6.7: Vernalisation
13 Strategies for enhancement on food production
13.1.2: Plant breeding for disease resistance 247
13.1.3: Plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests 249
13.1.4: Plant breeding for improve feed Quality 250
13.2: Single cell Proteins (SCP) 250

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : ZOOLOGY – I

S. No. Topics Page No.

ZOOLOGY – Diversity of Living World

What is life?
Nature, Scope & meaning of zoology
Branches of Zoology
Need for classification- Zoos as tools for the study of taxonomy
Basic principles of Classification: Biological system of
classification- (Phylogenetic classification only)
Levels or Hierarchy of classification
UNIT- I Nomenclature – Bi & Trinominal
Species concept
Kingdom Animalia
Biodiversity – Meaning and distribution (Genetic diversity, Species
diversity, Ecosystem diversity(alpha,beta and gama), other
attributes of biodiversity, role of biodiversity, threats to
biodiveristy, methods of conservation, IUCN Red data books,
Conservation of wild life in India – Legislation, Preservation,
Organisations, Threatened species.

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS

Levels of organization, Multicellularity: Diploblastic &
Triploblastic conditions. Asymmetry, Symmetry: Radial
symmetry, and Bilateral symmetry (Brief account giving
one example for each type from the representative
UNIT- II
phyla)
Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates and Eucoelomates :- Schizo &
Entero coelomates (Brief account of formation of coelom)
Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues.
(make it a little more elobarative)
ANIMAL DIVERSITY - I: INVERTEBRATE PHYLA
General Characters – Strictly restrict to 8 salient
features only
Classification up to Classes with two or three
examples – Brief account only
UNIT- III
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda

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 Annelida (Include Earthworm as a type study strictly adhering
to NCERT text book)
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Hemichordata

ANIMAL DIVERSITY - I I: PHYLUM : CHORDATA

General Characters – Strictly restrict to 8 points only
Classification up to Classes - Brief account only with
two or three examples
Phylum : Chordata
Sub phylum: Urochordata
Sub phylum: Cephalochordata
Sub phylum : Vertebrata
Super class: Agnatha
UNIT- IV Class Cyclostomata
Super class: Gnathostomata
Super class pisces
Class: Chondricthyes
Class: Osteichthyes Tetrapoda
Class: Amphibia (Include Frog as a type study strictly
adhering to NCERT text book)
Class: Reptilia
Class: Aves
Class: Mammalia
LOCOMOTION & REPRODUCTION IN PROTOZOA
Locomotion: Definition, types of locomotor structures
pseudopodia (basic idea of pseudopodia without going into
different types), flagella & cilia (Brief account giving two
examples each)
Flagellar & Ciliary movement – Effective & Recovery
UNIT- V strokes in Euglena, Synchronal & Metachronal movements in
Paramecium.
5.3 Reproduction: Definition, types.
Asexual Reproduction: Transeverse binary fission in
Paramecium & Longitudinal binary fission in Euglena.
Multiple fission,
5.4 Sexual Reproduction.
BIOLOGY & HUMAN WELFARE (25 pages only)
Parasitism and parasitic adaptation
Health and disease: introduction (follow NCERT) Life cycle,
Pathogenecity, Treatment & Prevention (Brief account only)
UNIT- VI
1 Entamoeba histolytica
2 Plasmodium vivax
3 Ascaris lumbricoides
4 Wuchereria bancrofti
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 Brief account of pathogenecity, treatment & prevention of
Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common cold, & Ring worm.
Drugs and Alcohol absuse

Type study of Periplaneta americana

Habitat and habits
External features
Locomotion
Digestive system
UNIT- VII
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Excretory system
Nervous system – sense organs, structure of ommatidium.
Reproductive system
ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
Organisms and Environment: Ecology, population,
communities, habitat, niche, biome and ecosphere (definitions
only)
Ecosystem: Elementary aspects only Abiotic factors - Light,
Temperature & Water (Biological effects only), Ecological
adaptations Population interactions
UNIT- VIII Ecosystems: Types, Components, Lake ecosystem Food chains,
Food web, Productivity and Energy flow in Ecosystem, Ecological
pyramids – Pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy.
Nutritient cycling – Carbon, Nitrogen, &
Phosphorous cycles (Brief account)
Population attributes: Growth, Natality and
Mortality, Age distribution, Population regulation.
Environmental issues
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
Unit-VII Periplaneta America (Cockroach) – Entire chapter deleted 175 - 202
ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT
8.4- Ecosystem & their Components
Unit-VIII 8.5- Food chains, Food Webs, Productivity & Energy flow. 228 – 246
8.6- Nutrient cycle
8.8- Environmental Issues

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2013 – 14
Subject : ZOOLOGY – II

S. No. Topics Page No.

Human Anatomy and Physiology-I

Unit I A: Digestion and absorption

Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and
gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and
assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, egestion, Calorific value
of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (for box item- not to be evaluated);
Nutritional disorders: Protein Energy Malnutrion (PEM), indigestion,
UNIT-I constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea, Kwashiorkor.
Unit I B: Breathing and Respiration
Respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism
of breathing and its regulation in humans - Exchange of gases, transport
of gases and regulation of respiration; Respiratory volumes; Respiratory
disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders –
Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in coal miners.

Human Anatomy and Physiology-II

Unit II A: Body Fluids and Circulation
Covered in I year composition of lymph and functions; Clotting of blood;
Human circulatory system – structure of human heart and blood vessels;
Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation; regulation of cardiac
activity; Disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary artery
disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.
UNIT-II Unit II B: Excretory products and their elimination Modes of
excretion – Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism; Human excretory
system – structure of kidney and nephron; Urine
formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function –Renin-
Angiotensin – Aldosterone system, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and
diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders: Uraemia,
renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney.

Human Anatomy and Physiology-III

Unit IIIA: Muscular and Skeletal system
UNIT III Skeletal muscle – ultra structure; Contractile proteins & muscle
contraction; Skeletal system and its functions; Joints. (to be dealt
with relevance to practical syllabus); Disorders of the muscular and

20 | P a g e
 skeletal system: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy,
arthritis, osteoporosis, gout, regormortis.
Unit III B: Neural control and co-ordination
Nervous system in human beings – Central nervous system, Peripheral
nervous system and Visceral nervous system; Generation and
conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sensory perception; Sense
organs; Brief description of other receptors; Elementary structure and
functioning of eye and ear.
Human Anatomy and Physiology-IV
Unit IVA: Endocrine system and chemical co-ordination Endocrine
glands and hormones; Human endocrine system – Hypothalamus,
Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads;
Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea only); Role of
hormones as messengers and regulators; Hypo and Hyper activity
UNIT IV and related disorders: Common disorders –Dwarfism, acromegaly,
cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease,
Cushing’s syndrome.(Diseases & disorders to be dealt in brief).
Unit IVB: Immune system
Basic concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity,
Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated
Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Interferon, HIV and AIDS.
Human Reproduction
Unit VA: Human Reproductive System
Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis &
ovary; Gametogenesis “ Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle;
Fertilization, Embryo development up to blastocyst formation,
Implantation; Pregnancy, placenta formation, Parturition, Lactation
(elementary idea).
UNIT V Unit VB: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases (STD); Birth control – Need and methods, contraception and
medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; infertility and
assisted reproductive technologies – IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea
for general awareness).
Genetics

Heredity and variation: Mendel’s laws of inheritance with reference to

Drosophila. (Drosophila melanogaster Grey, Black body colour; Long,
UNIT VI Vestigial wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple alleles: Inheritance of blood groups
and Rh-factor; Co-
dominance (Blood groups as example); Elementary idea of polygenic
inheritance; Skin colour in humans (refer Sinnott, Dunn and

21 | P a g e
 Dobzhansky); Sex determination – in humans, birds, Fumea moth, genic
balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and
honey bees; Sex linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness;
Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled
anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal disorders –
Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome;
Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger
Printing,
Organic Evolution

Origin of Life, Biological evolution and Evidences for biological evolution

(palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological and molecular
evidences); Theories of evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s theory
of Evolution -Natural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments
UNIT VII on Biston bitularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo De Vries; Modern synthetic
theory of Evolution - Hardy-Weinberg law ; Types of Natural Selection;
Gene flow and genetic drift; Variations (mutations and genetic
recombination); Adaptive radiation – viz., Darwin’s finches and adaptive
radiation in marsupials; Human evolution;
Speciation – Allopatric, sympatric; Reproductive isolation.
AppliedBiology
Apiculture; Animal Husbandry: Pisciculture, Poultry management, Dairy
management; Animal breeding; Bio-medical Technology : Diagnostic

Unit-VIII Imaging (X-ray, CTscan, MRI), ECG, EEG; Application of Biotechnology

in health: Human insulin and vaccine production ; Gene Therapy;
Transgenic animals; ELISA;
Vaccines, MABs, Cancer biology, stem cells.

Topics deleted under

30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
Human Anatomy and Physiology-I 2 - 20
Unit –I
I A – Digestion and Absorption – Total chapter

Unit –III III. Human Anatomy and Physiology 75 - 120

III-A- Musculo Skeletal System 84 - 90

3.2- The Skeleton
3.3- Joints
3.4- Disoreders of Muscullar and Skeletal system

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 III-B- Neural control & Co- ordination 110 - 117
3.7- Reflex action and Reflex Arc.
3.8- Sensory Reception and Processing
3.8.1- The Eye
3.8.2- Mechanism of vision
3.8.3- The Ear (The stato- Aconstic Receptor)
3.8.4- Mechanism of Hearing only (Except disorders of Human Neural
system)

Unit-VII Evolution- Entire chapter deleted 235 - 262

8.1. Animal Husbandry 264 – 274
8.2. Poultry Farm management
Unit-VIII
8.3. Bee Keeping
8.4. Fishery management

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 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : PHYSICS – I

S. No. Topics Page No.

PHYSICAL WORLD
What is physics?
Scope and excitement of physics
1
Physics, technology and society
Fundamental forces in nature
Nature of physical laws
UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
Introduction
The international system of units
Measurement of length
Measurement of mass
2 Measurement of time
Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement
Significant figures
Dimensions of physical quantities
Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations
Dimensional analysis and its applications
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
3.1 Introduction
Position, path length and displacement
Average velocity and average speed
3
Instantaneous velocity and speed
Acceleration
Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion
Relative velocity
MOTION IN A PLANE
Introduction
Scalars and vectors
Multiplication of vectors by real numbers
Addition and subtraction of vectors. graphical method
Resolution of vectors
4
Vector addition. analytical method
Motion in a plane
Motion in a plane with constant acceleration
Relative velocity in two dimensions
Projectile motion
Uniform circular motion
LAWS OF MOTION
Introduction
5
Aristotle’s fallacy
The law of inertia
24 | P a g e
 Newton’s first law of motion
Newton’s second law of motion
Newton’s third law of motion
Conservation of momentum
Equilibrium of a particle
Common forces in mechanics, friction
Circular motion
Solving problems in mechanics
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
Introduction
Notions of work and kinetic energy : The work- energy theorem
Work
Kinetic energy
Work done by a variable force
The work-energy theorem for a variable force
6
The concept of potential energy
The conservation of mechanical energy
The potential energy of a spring
Various forms of energy : the law of conservation of
energy
Power
Collisions
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND ROTATIONAL MOTION
Introduction
Centre of mass, Centre of Gravity
Motion of centre of mass
Linear momentum of a system of particles
Vector product of two vectors
Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, Kinematics of
7 rotational motion about a fixed axis
Torque and angular momentum
Equilibrium of a rigid body
Moment of inertia
Theorems of perpendicular and parallel axes
Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis
Angular momentum in case of rotations about a fixed axis
Rolling motion
OSCILLATIONS
Introduction
Periodic and oscillatory motions
Simple harmonic motion
Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion
8
Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion
Force law for Simple harmonic Motion
Energy in simple harmonic motion
Some systems executing Simple Harmonic
Motion
25 | P a g e
 Damped simple harmonic motion
Forced oscillations and resonance
GRAVITATION
Introduction
Kepler’s laws
Universal law of gravitation
The gravitational constant
Acceleration due to gravity of the earth
9 Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth
Gravitational potential energy
Escape speed
Earth satellite
Energy of an orbiting satellite
Geostationary and polar satellites
Weightlessness
Mechanical Properties of Solids
Introduction
Elastic behaviour of solids
Stress and strain
10
Hooke’s law
Stress-strain curve
Elastic moduli
Applications of elastic behaviour of materials
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
Introduction
Pressure
Streamline flow
11
Bernoulli’s principle
Viscosity
Reynolds number
Surface tension
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Introduction
Temperature and heat
Measurement of temperature
Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature
12 Thermal expansion
Specific heat capacity
Calorimetry
Change of state
Heat transfer
Newton’s law of cooling
THERMODYNAMICS
Introduction
13 Thermal equilibrium
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
Heat, internal energy and work
26 | P a g e
 First law of thermodynamics
Specific heat capacity
Thermodynamic state variables and equation of
State
Thermodynamic processes
Heat engines
Refrigerators and heat pumps
Second law of thermodynamics
Reversible and irreversible processes
Carnot engine, Carnot’s theorem
KINETIC THEORY
Introduction
Molecular nature of matter
Behaviour of gases
14
Kinetic theory of an ideal gas
Law of equipartition of energy
Specific heat capacity
Mean free path
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
1. Motion in a Straight line - Frame of reference 41
Laws of Motion
2. Law of inertia, Newton’s First law of motion, Newton’s second law of motion – 94 – 102
momentum, impulse, Newton’s Third law of motion.
System of Ponticles and Rotational motion
3. 174 – 176
Theorems of Perpendicular and Parallel axes and their applications.
4. Gravitation - Kepler laws of Planetory motion 221 – 222
Mechanical properties of solids - Poison’s ratio, Elastic behavior of solids,
5. 251
Elastic potential energy in a Stretched wire (Strain energy)
Thermal properties of matter - Heat transfer by conduction, Convection and
6. 300 - 304
Radiation
7. Thermodynamics - Heat engines, Refrigerators and heat pumps 325-326

27 | P a g e
 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2013 – 14
Subject : PHYSICS – II

S. No. Topics Page No.

1. WAVES
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 Transverse and longitudinal waves
1.3 Displacement relation in a progressive wave
1.4 The speed of a travelling wave
1.5 The principle of superposition of waves
1.6 Reflection of waves
1.7 Beats
1.8 Doppler effect
2. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
2.3 Refraction
2.4 Total Internal Reflection
2.5 Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses
2.6 Refraction through a Prism
2.7 Dispersion by a Prism
2.8 Some Natural Phenomena due to Sunlight
2.9 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
3. WAVE OPTICS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Huygens Principle
3.3 Refraction and reflection of plane waves using Huygens Principle
3.4 Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
3.5 Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
3.6 Diffraction
3.7 Polarisation
4. ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 Electric Charges
4.3 Conductors and Insulators
4.4 Charging by Induction
4.5 Basic Properties of Electric Charge
4.6 Coulomb’s Law
4.7 Forces between Multiple Charges
4.8 Electric Field
4.9 Electric Field Lines
4.10 Electric Flux
4.11 Electric Dipole
4.12 Dipole in a Uniform External Field
4.13 Continuous Charge Distribution
4.14 Gauss’s Law
4.15 Application of Gauss’s Law

28 | P a g e
 5. ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 Electrostatic Potential
5.3 Potential due to a Point Charge
5.4 Potential due to an Electric Dipole
5.5 Potential due to a System of Charges
5.6 Equipotential Surfaces
5.7 Potential Energy of a System of Charges
5.8 Potential Energy in an External Field
5.9 Electrostatics of Conductors
5.10 Dielectrics and Polarisation
5.11 Capacitors and Capacitance
5.12 The Parallel Plate Capacitor
5.13 Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
5.14 Combination of Capacitors
5.15 Energy Stored in a Capacitor
5.16 Van de Graaff Generator
6. CURRENT ELECTRICITY
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 Electric Current
6.3 Electric Currents in Conductors
6.4 Ohm’s law
6.5 Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
6.6 Limitations of Ohm’s Law
6.7 Resistivity of various Materials
6.8 Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
6.9 Electrical Energy, Power
6.10 Combination of Resistors — Series and Parallel
6.11 Cells, emf, Internal Resistance
6.12 Cells in Series and in Parallel
6.13 Kirchhoff’s Laws
6.14 Wheatstone Bridge
6.15 Meter Bridge
6.16 Potentiometer
7. MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 Magnetic Force
7.3 Motion in a Magnetic Field
7.4 Motion in Combined Electric and Magnetic Fields
7.5 Magnetic Field due to a Current Element, Biot-Savart Law
7.6 Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current Loop
7.7 Ampere’s Circuital Law
7.8 The Solenoid and the Toroid
7.9 Force between Two Parallel Currents, the Ampere
7.10 Torque on Current Loop, Magnetic Dipole
7.11 The Moving Coil Galvanometer
8. MAGNETISM AND MATTER
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 The Bar Magnet
8.3 Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
8.4 The Earth’s Magnetism

29 | P a g e
 8.5 Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
8.6 Magnetic Properties of Materials
8.7 Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
9. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
9.3 Magnetic Flux
9.4 Faraday’s Law of Induction
9.5 Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
9.6 Motional Electromotive Force
9.7 Energy Consideration: A Quantitative Study
9.8 Eddy Currents
9.9 Inductance
9.10 AC Generator
10. ALTERNATING CURRENT
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
10.3 Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating
Vectors — Phasors
10.4 AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
10.5 AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
10.6 AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
10.7 Power in AC Circuit: The Power Factor
10.8 LC Oscillations
10.9 Transformers
11. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 Displacement Current
11.3 Electromagnetic Waves
11.4 Electromagnetic Spectrum
12. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 Electron Emission
12.3 Photoelectric Effect
12.4 Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
12.5 Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
12.6 Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
12.7 Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
12.8 Wave Nature of Matter
12.9 Davisson and Germer Experiment
13. ATOMS
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
13.3 Atomic Spectra
13.4 Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom
13.5 The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
13.6 DE Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
14. NUCLEI
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
14.3 Size of the Nucleus

30 | P a g e
 14.4 Mass-Energy and Nuclear Binding Energy
14.5 Nuclear Force
14.6 Radioactivity
14.7 Nuclear Energy
15. SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS:
MATERIALS,DEVICES AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
15.1 INTRODUCTION
15.2 Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors
15.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
15.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
15.5 p-n Junction
15.6 Semiconductor diode
15.7 Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
15.8 Special Purpose p-n Junction Diodes
15.9 Junction Transistor
15.10 Digital Electronics and Logic Gates
15.11 Integrated Circuits
16. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 Elements of a Communication System
16.3 Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
16.4 Bandwidth of Signals
16.5 Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
16.6 Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
16.7 Modulation and its Necessity
16.8 Amplitude Modulation
16.9 Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
16.10 Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
1. Waves - Doppler effected and its two situations 24 - 26

2. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments - Reflection of light by spherical 40 – 45,

mirrors, the mirror equation. Scattering of light reddish appearance of the
63 - 65
sun at sunrise and sunset and blue colors of sky.

3. Wave Optics – 99 - 114

Diffraction: Resolving power of optical instruments (microscope and
astronomical telescope)
Polarisation: Polarisation of reflection (Brewster’s law) plane polarized light
(uses) polaroids, polarization by scattering.
4. Electric Charges and Fields - Application of Gauss’s law: Field due to 155 - 163
uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)

6. Current Electricity - Colour code for carbon resistors, series and parallel 229 - 331
Combinations of resistors
7. Moving charges and magnetism - Cyclofron 266 - 268
8. Magnetism and matter - Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole 321 - 327
(Bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (Bar magnet as an
equivalent solenoid) , the dipole in a uniform magnet field Magnetic
31 | P a g e
 properties of materials (Para, dia and ferro) and its examples, permanent
magnets and electromagnets.
10. Alternating Current-Power in AC circuit–The power factor, wattles current 392
11. Electromagnetic waves - Displacement current 412
12. Dual natural of Radiation and matter - Davisson and Germer experiment 449-450
14. Nuclei - Radio activity (alpha, beta and gamma particles and their 496
properties) Law of radio active decay, half life and mean life of a
Radioactive material, Binding energy per nucleon and its variation
with mass number.
15. Semi conductor electronics: materials, devices and simple circuits 530 – 538
Purpose of P-N junction diode
1. Zener diode and their characteristics
2. Zener diode as a voltage regulators.

32 | P a g e
 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – I Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : CHEMISTRY – I

Sl. Name of the Chapter Page No.

No
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Sub- atomic particles
Atomic models- Rutherford’s Nuclear model of atom
Developments to the Bohr’s model of atom
Nature of electromagnetic radiation.
Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation- Planck’s quantum theory.
Bohr’s model for Hydrogen atom.
Explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen.
Limitations of Bohr’s model
Quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles.
Dual behaviour of matter.
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
Quantum mechanical model of an atom. Important features Quantum
mechanical model of atom.
Orbitals and quantum numbers.
Shapes of atomic orbitals.
Energies of orbitals.
Filling of orbitals in atoms. Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion Principle and
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.
Electronic configurations of atoms.
Stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.
2. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTSAND PERIODICITY IN
PROPERTIES
Need to classify elements
Genesis of periodic classification.
Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table.
Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than100
Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table
Electronic configuration and types of Elements s,p,d.and f blocks.
Trends in physical properties:
(a) Atomic radius
(b) Ionic radius
(c)Variation of size in inner transition elements.
(d)Ionization enthalpy.
(e) Electron gain enthalpy
(f) Electro negativity.
Periodic trends in chemical properties:
(a) Valence or Oxidation states.
(b) Anomalous properties of second period elements – diagonal
relationship.
Periodic trends and chemical reactivity
33 | P a g e
 3. CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Kossel – Lewis approach to chemical bonding.
Ionic or electrovalent bond - Factors favourable for the formation of
ionic compounds-Crystal structure of sodium chloride-General
properties of ionic compounds.
Bond Parameters – bond length, bond angle, and bond enthalpy, bond
order, resonance-Polarity of bonds dipole moment
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theories. Predicting the
geometry of simple molecules.
Valence bond theory-Orbital overlap concept-Directional properties of
bonds-overlapping of atomic orbitals strength of sigma and pi
bonds-Factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds
Hybridisation- different types of hybridization involving s, p and d
orbitals- shapes of simple covalent molecules.
Coordinate bond –definition with examples.
Molecular orbital theory – Formation of molecular orbitals, Linear
combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)-conditions for combination of
atomic orbitals - Energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals -
Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules-
H3,He3,Li3,B3,C3,N3,and O3
Hydrogen bonding-cause of formation of hydrogen bond- Types of
hydrogen bonds-inter and intra molecular-General properties of hydrogen
bonds.
4. STATES OF MATTER: GASES AND LIQUIDS
Intermolecular forces
Thermal Energy
Intermolecular forces Vs Thermal interactions.
The Gaseous State.
The Gas Laws
Ideal gas equation.
Graham’s law of diffusion – Dalton’s Law of partial pressures.
Kinetic molecular theory of gases.
Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (No derivation) deduction of gas
laws from Kinetic gas equation.
Distribution of molecular speeds – rms, average and most probable
speeds-Kinetic energy of gas molecules.
Behaviour of real gases – Deviation from Ideal gas behaviour –
Compressibility factor Vs Pressure diagrams of real gases.
Liquefaction of gases
Liquid State – Properties of Liquids in terms of Inter molecular interactions
– Vapour pressure, Viscosity and Surface tension (Qualitative idea only. No
mathematical derivation)
5. STOICHIOMETRY
Some Basic Concepts – Properties of matter – uncertainty in
Measurement-significant figures, dimensional analysis.
Laws of Chemical Combinations – Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of
Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions, Gay Lussac’s Law of
34 | P a g e
 Gaseous Volumes, Dalton’s Atomic Theory, Avogadro Law, Principles,
Examples.
Atomic and molecular masses- mole concept and molar mass concept of
equivalent weight.
Percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and
molecular formulae of compounds.
Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations.
Methods of Expressing concentrations of solutions-mass percent, mole
fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
Redox reactions-classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and
reduction reactions-redox reactions in terms of electron transfer.
Oxidation number concept.
Types of Redox reactions-combination, decomposition, displacement.
and disproportionation reactions
Balancing of redox reactions – oxidation number method Half reaction
(ion-electron) method.
Redox reactions in Titrimetry.
6. THERMODYNAMICS
Thermodynamic Terms.
The system and the surroundings.
6.1.2. Types of systems and surroundings.
The state of the system.
The Internal Energy as a State Function.
(a) Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of
Thermodynamics.
6.2 Applications.
Work
Enthalpy, H- a useful new state function
Extensive and intensive properties.
Heat capacity
The relationship between CP and Cv.
Measurement of OU and O H: Calorimetry
Enthalpy change, Or H of reactions – reaction Enthalpy
(a) Standard enthalpy of reactions.
(b) Enthalpy changes during transformations.
(c) Standard enthalpy of formation.
(d) Thermo chemical equations.
(e) Hess’s law of constant Heat summation.
Enthalpies for different types of reactions.
(a) Standard enthalpy of combustion (Oc HO )
(b) Enthalpy of atomization (Oa Hø), phase transition, sublimation and
ionization.
(c) Bond Enthalpy (Obond Hø )
(d) Enthalpy of solution (Osol Hø ) and dilution.
Spontaneity.
(a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity?
(b) Entropy and spontaneity, *the second law of thermodynamics.
35 | P a g e
 (c) Gibbs Energy and spontaneity.
Gibbs Energy change and equilibrium.
Absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.
7. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND ACIDS-BASES
Equilibrium in Physical process. 15
Equilibrium in chemical process – Dynamic Equilibrium
Law of chemical Equilibrium - Law of mass action and Equilibrium
constant.
Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium constant in gaseous systems.
Relationship between KP and Kc
Heterogeneous Equilibria.
Applications of Equilibrium constant.
Relationship between Equilibrium constant K, reaction quotient Q and
Gibbs energy G.
Factors affecting Equilibria.-Le-chatlieprinciple application to industrial
synthesis of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide.
Ionic Equilibrium in solutions.
Acids, bases and salts- Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis concepts
of acids and bases.
Ionisation of Acids and Bases –Ionisation constant of water and it’s ionic
product- pH scale-ionisation constants of weak acids-ionisation of
weak bases-relation between
Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic Bases-
Factors affecting acid strength-Common ion effect in the ionization
of acids and bases-Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions.
Buffer solutions-designing of buffer solution-Preparation of Acidic buffer
Solubility Equilibria of sparingly soluble salts. Solubility product constant
Common ion effect on solubility of Ionic salts.
8. HYDROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Position of hydrogen in the periodic table.
Dihydrogen-Occurance and Isotopes.
Preparation of Dihydrogen
Properties of Dihydrogen
Hydrides: Ionic, covalent, and non-stiochiometric hydrides.
Water: Physical properties; structure of water, ice. Chemical properties
of water; hard and soft water Temporary and permanent hardness
of water
Hydrogen peroxide: Preparation; Physical properties; structure
and chemical properties; storage and uses.
Heavy Water
Hydrogen as a fuel.
9. THE s – BLOCK ELEMENTS

36 | P a g e
 (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS)
Group 1 Elements
Alkali metals; Electronic configurations;
Atomic and Ionic radii; Ionization enthalpy; Hydration enthalpy;
Physical properties; Chemical properties; Uses
General characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides;
Halides; Salts of Oxy Acids.
Anomalous properties of Lithium:
Differences and similarities with other alkali metals. Diagonal
relationship; similarities between Lithium and Magnesium.
Some important compounds of Sodium:
Sodium Carbonate; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Hydroxide; Sodium
hydrogen carbonate.
Biological importance of Sodium and Potassium.
Group 2 Elements:
Alkaline earth elements; Electronic configuration; Ionization enthalpy;
Hydration enthalpy; Physical properties, Chemical properties; Uses.
General characteristics of compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals:
Oxides, hydroxides, halides, salts of Oxyacids (Carbonates;
Sulphates and Nitrates).
Anomalous behavior of Beryllium; its diagonal relationship with
Aluminum.
Some important compounds of calcium: Preparation and uses of
Calcium Oxide ; Calcium
Hydroxide; Calcium Carbonate;Plaster of Paris; Cement.
Biological importance of Calcium and Magnesium.
10. P- BLOCK ELEMENTS GROUP 13 ( BORON FAMILY)
10.1 General introduction – Electronic configuration, Atomic radii,
Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical properties.
10.2 Important trends and anomalous properties of boron.
10.3 Some important compounds of boron – Borax, Ortho boric
acid,diborane.
10.4 Uses of boron, aluminium and their compounds.

11. p-BLOCK ELEMENTS - GROUP 14 ( CARBON FAMILY)

11.1 General introduction - Electronic configuration, Atomic radii, Ionization
enthalpy, Electro negativity; Physical & Chemical properties.

37 | P a g e
 11.2 Important trends and anomalous properties of carbon.
11.3 Allotropes of carbon.
11.4 Uses of carbon.
11.5 Some important compounds of carbon and silicon – carbonmonoxide,
carbon dioxide,Silica, silicones, silicates and zeolites.
12. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
12.1 Definition of terms: Air, Water and Soil Pollutions.
12.2 Environmental Pollution
12.3 Atmospheric pollution; Tropospheric Pollution;
Gaseous Air Pollutants (Oxides of Sulphur; Oxides of Nitrogen;
Hydro Carbons; Oxides of Carbon (CO; CO2).
Global warming and Green house effect.
12.4 Acid Rain- Particulate Pollutants- Smog.
12.5 Stratospheric Pollution: Formation and breakdown of Ozone- Ozone
hole- effects of depletion of the Ozone layer.
Water Pollution: Causes of Water Pollution; International standards for
drinking water.
Soil Pollution: Pesticides, Industrial Wastes.
Strategies to control environmental pollution- waste Management-
collection and disposal.
Green Chemistry: Green chemistry in day-to-day life; Dry cleaning of
clothes; Bleaching of paper; Synthesis of chemicals
13. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES AND
TECHNIQUES AND HYDROCARBONS
General introduction.
Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic compounds.
Structural representations of organic compounds.
Classification of organic compounds.
Nomenclature of organic compounds.
Isomerism.
Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms.
Fission of covalent bond.
Nucleophiles and electrophiles.
Electron movements in organic reactions.
Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds.
Types of Organic reactions.

38 | P a g e
 Methods of purification of organic compounds.
Qualitative elemental analysis of organic compounds.
Quantitative elemental analysis of organic compounds.
HYDROCARBONS
Classification of Hydrocarbons.
Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism (structural and conformations of
ethane only)
Preparation of alkanes Properties – Physical properties and chemical
Reactivity, Substitution reactions – Halogenation(free radical mechanism),
Combustion, Controlled Oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization, reaction
with steam and Pyrolysis.
Alkenes- Nomenclature, structure of ethane, Isomerism (structural and
geometrical).
Methods of preparation.
Properties- Physical and chemical reactions: Addition of Hydrogen, halogen,
water, sulphuric acid, Hydrogen halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide
effect, Markovnikov’s , antiMarkovnikov’s or Kharasch effect). Oxidation,
Ozonolysis and Polymerization.
Alkynes – Nomenclature and isomerism, structure of acetylene. Methods
of preparation of acetylene.
Physical properties, Chemical reactions- acidic character of acetylene,
addition reactions- of hydrogen, Halogen, Hydrogen halides and water.
Polymerization.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and isomerism.Structure of
benzene, Resonance and aromaticity.
Preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties:
Mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Electrophilic substitution reactions-
Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, Friedel-Craft’ alkylation and
acylation.
Directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene,
Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Topics deleted under

30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
1 Atomic Structure (1.1) Subatomic particles 2
(1.2) Atomic models – Rutherford’s Nuclear model
4
of atom
2 Classification of elements (2.1) Needy to classify elements 44
and periodicity in (2.2) Genesis of periodic classification
45
properties
4 States of Matter: Gases & (4.10) Distribution of molecular speeds RMS, 127, 129
Liquids average and most probable speeds – Kinetic energy
132
of gas molecules (4.10.1)
39 | P a g e
 (4.12) Liquefaction of gases 134
(4.13) Liquid state – Properties of liquid in terms of
inter molecular interactions – Vapour pressure,
Viscosity and surface tension (Quantitative ideal
only, no mathematical derivations)
5 Stoichiometry (5.1) Some Basic Concepts 142
(5.2.4) Gay lussac’s law of gaseous 153
(5.2.5) Avogadro law 154
(5.2.6) Volumes Daltons atomic theory 154
(5.11) Redox reactions in Titrimetry 183
6 Thermodynamics (6.2.4) Heat Capacity 199
(6.7) Gibbs Energy change and Equilibrium 217
7 Chemical equilibrium and (7.11.9) Hydrolysis of Salts and the PH of their 261
Acids - Bases solutions
(7.12.1) Designing of Buffer solutions Henderson 262
equation
8 Hydrogen and its (8.3) Preparation of Di hydrogen 281
Compounds (8.4) Properties of Di hydrogen
281
(8.7) Hydrogen peroxide, Preparation, Physical
properties , Structure and chemical properties , 287
storage & uses
9 S-Block elements (Alkali (9.4) Some important Compounds of Sodium: 299 – 301
and Alkaline earth metals) Sodium Carbonate, Sodium hydroxide and Sodium
Hydrogen Carbonate
(9.5) Biological importance of Sodium and 301
Potassium.
(9.9) Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate 305
(9.10) Biological importance of magnesium and 307
calcium
10 P-Block elements (10.1.6) (ii) Aluminum reactivity towards 314
acids & alkalies
(10.3) Some important Compounds of Boron- 316
Borax, ortho Boric acid, Diborane.
(11.5) Some important Compounds of Carbon 327
and silicon
11 Environmental Chemistry Entire unit
12 Organic Chemistry (13.8) Methods of Purification of organic 375
Some Basic principles compounds
381
and techniques (13.9) Qualitative elemental analysis of
organic compounds 383
(13.10) Quantitative element analysis of
organic compounds
13 Hydro carbons (13.12.2) Free radical mechanism of Halogenation- 397
1, Combustion -2 and
398
Pyrolysis-7
398

40 | P a g e
 Board of Intermediate Education, Andhra Pradesh.
Intermediate – II Year Syllabus w.e.f. 2012 – 13
Subject : CHEMISTRY – II

S. Name of the Chapter

Page No.
No Topics Proposed to be deleted
SOLID STATE
1.1 General characteristics of solid state1.2 Amorphous and crystalline solids
1.3 Classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces
(molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids )1.4 Probing the structure of
solids: X-ray crystallography
1.5 Crystal lattices and unit cells .Bravais lattices primitive and centred unit cells
1.6 Number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centred and face centred cubic
1. unit cell)1.7 Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two
dimensions and in three dimensions- tetrahedral and octahedral voids- formula of
a compound and number of voids filled- locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids
1.8 Packing efficiency in simple cubic, bcc and in hcp, ccp lattice. 1.9 Calculations
involving unit cell dimensions- density of the unit cell. 1.10 Imperfections in
solids-types of point defects-stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects 1.11
Electrical properties-conduction of electricity in metals, semiconductors and
insulators- band theory of metals 1.12 Magnetic properties
SOLUTIONS
2.1 Types of solutions 2.2 Expressing concentration of solutions- mass percentag,
volume percentage, mass by volume percentage, parts per million, mole fraction,
molarity and molality 2.3 Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a
gas in a liquid,Henry’s law 2.4 Vapour pressure of liquid solutions: vapour
2. pressure of liquid- liquid solutions. Raoult’s law as a special case of Henry’s law -
vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids 2.5 Ideal and non-ideal solutions
2.6 Colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of
vapour pressure- elevation of boiling point-depression of freezing point-osmosis
and osmotic pressure-reverse osmosis and water purification. 2.7Abnormal molar
masses-van’t Hoff factor
ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
3.1 Electrochemical cells 3.2 Galvanic cells :measurement of electrode
potentials 3.3 Nernst equation-equilibrium constant from Nernst equation-
electrochemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell reaction 3.4 Conductance of
electrolytic solutions- measurement of the conductivity of ionic solutions-
3. variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration-strong
electrolytes and weak electrolytes-applications of Kohlrausch’s law 3.5
Electrolytic cells and electrolysis: Faraday’s laws of electrolysis-products of
electrolysis 3.6 Batteries: primary batteries and secondary batteries 3.7 Fuel
cells 3.8 Corrosion of metals-Hydrogen economy
CHEMICAL KINETICS
3.9 Rate of a chemical reaction 3.10 Factors influencing rate of a reaction:

41 | P a g e
 dependance of rate on concentration- rate expression and rate constant- order
of a reaction, molecularity of a reaction
3.11 Integrated rate equations-zero order reactions-first order reactions- half
life of a reaction 3.12 Pseudo first order reaction
3.13 Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction -effect of catalyst 3.14
Collision theory of chemical reaction rates
SURFACE CHEMISTRY
4.1 Adsorption and absorption: Distinction between adsorption and absorption-
mechanism of adsorption-types of adsorption- characteristics of physisorption-
characteristics of chemisorptions- adsorption isotherms- adsorption from
solution phase- applications of adsorption 4.2 Catalysis: Catalysts, promoters
and poisons-auto catalysis- homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis-
adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis- important features of solid
catalysts: (a)activity (b)selectivity- shape-selective catalysis by zeolites- enzyme
4. catalysis- characteristics and mechanism- catalysts in industry 4.3 Colloids
4.4 Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed
phase and dispersion medium- classification based on nature of interaction
between dispersed phase and dispersion medium- classification based on type
of particles of the dispersed
phase- multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids-cleansing action
of soaps-preparation of colloids-purification of colloidal solutions- properties of
colloidal solutions: Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement-charge on colloidal
particles, electrophoresis 4.5 Emulsions 4.6 Colloids Around us- application of
colloids
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY
5.1 Occurance of metals 5.2 Concentration of ores- levigation, magnetic
separation, froth floatation, leaching 5.3 Extraction of crude metal from
concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, reduction of oxide to the metal 5.4
5. Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram-limitations-
applications-extraction of iron, copper and zinc from their oxides
5.5 Electrochemical principles of metallurgy 5.6 Oxidation and reduction 5.7
Refining of crude metal-distillation, liquation poling, electrolysis, zone refining and
vapour phase refining 5.8 Uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron
p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
GROUP-15 ELEMENTS
6.1 Occurance- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation
energy, electronegativity, physical and chemical properties 6.2 Dinitrogen-
preparation, properties and uses 6.3 Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and
properties of ammonia
6.4 Oxides of nitrogen 6.5 Preparation and properties of nitric acid 6.6
Phosphorous-allotropic forms 6.7 Phosphine- preparation and properties 6.8
6. Phosphorous halides 6.9 Oxoacids of phosphorous
GROUP-16 ELEMENTS
6.10 Occurance- electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy,
electronegativity, physical and chemical properties 6.11 Dioxygen-preparation,
properties and uses 6.12 Simple oxides
6.13 Ozone-preparation,properties, structure and uses 6.14 Sulphur-allotropic
forms 6.15 Sulphur dioxide-preparation, properties and uses 6.16 Oxoacids of
42 | P a g e
 sulphur 6.17 Sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties and
uses
ELEMENTS
6.18 Occurance, electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation
enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity
,physical and chemical properties 6.19 Chlorine-preparation, properties and
uses 6.20 Hydrogen chloride- preparation, properties and uses 6.21 Oxoacids of
halogens 6.22 Interhalogen compounds
GROUP-18 ELEMENTS
6.23 Occurance, electronic configuration, ionisation enthalpy,atomic radii electron
gain enthalpy, physical and chemical properties(a) Xenon-fluorine compounds-
XeF2,XeF4 and XeF6 –preparation,hydrolysis and formation of fluoro anions-
structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 (b) Xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3 and
XeOF4 - their formation and structures
d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS & COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
d AND f BLOCK ELEMENTS
7.1 Position in the periodic table 7.2 Electronic configuration of the d-block
elements 7.3 General properties of the transition elements (d-block) -physical
properties, variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series, ionisation
enthalpies, oxidation states,trends in the M²+/M and M³+/M²+ standard
electrode potentials, trends in stability of higher oxidation states, chemical
reactivity and EJ values, magnetic properties, formation of coloured ions,
formation of complex compounds,catalytic properties, formation of interstitial
compounds, alloy formation
7.4 Some important compounds of transition elements-oxides and oxoanions of
metals-preparation and properties of potassium dichromate and potassium
permanganate-structures of chromate,dichromate,manganate and
permanganate ions 7.5 Inner transition elements(f-block)-lanthanoids-
electronic configuration-atomic and ionic sizes-oxidation states- general
7.
characteristics 7.6 Actinoids-electronic configuration atomic and ionic sizes,
oxidation states, general characteristics and comparision with lanthanoids 7.7
Some applications of d and f block elements
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
7.8 Werner’s theory of coordination compounds 7.9 Definitions of some terms
used in coordination compounds 7.10 Nomenclature of coordination
compounds-IUPAC nomenclature
7.11 Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a)Stereo isomerism- Geometrical and
optical isomerism (b)Structural isomerism- linkage, coordination, ionisation and
solvate isomerism 7.12 Bonding in coordination compounds. (a)Valence bond
theory - magnetic properties of coordination compounds-limitations of valence
bond theory (b) Crystal field theory (i) Crystal field splitting in octahedral and
tetrahedral coordination entities (ii) Colour in coordination compounds-limitations
of crystal field theory 7.13 Bonding in metal carbonyls 7.14 Stability of
coordination compounds 7.15 Importance and applications of coordination
compounds
POLYMERS
8. 8.1 Classification of Polymers -Classification based on source,structure, mode of
polymerization, molecular forces and growth polymerization 8.2 Types of

43 | P a g e
 polymerization reactions- addition polymerization or chain growth polymerization-
ionic polymerization, free radical mechanism-preparation of addition polymers-
polythene,teflon and polyacrylonitrile-condensation polymerization or step growth
polymerization-polyamides- preparation of Nylon 6,6 and nylon 6-poly esters-
terylene- bakelite,melamine,formaldehyde polymer- copolymerization- Rubber-
natural rubber-vulcanisation of rubber-Synthetic rubbers- preparation of neoprene
and buna-N 8.3 Molecular mass of polymers-number average and weight average
molecular masses- poly dispersity index(PDI) 8.4 Biodegradable polymers- PHBV,
Nylon 2-nylon 6 8.5 Polymers of commercial importance- poly propene, poly
styrene,poly vinyl chloride(PVC), urea- formaldehyde resin, glyptal, bakelite- their
monomers, structures and uses
BIOMOLECULES
9.1 Carbohydrates - Classification of carbohydrates- Monosaccharides:
preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch- Properties and structure of
glucose- D,L and (+), (-) configurations of glucose- Structure of fructose
Disaccharides: Sucrose- preparation, structure-Invert sugar- Structures of
maltose and lactose-Polysaccharides: Structures of starch cellulose and
glycogen- Importance of carbohydrates 9.2 Aminoacids: Natural aminoacids-
classification of aminoacids - structures and D and L forms-Zwitter ions
9. Proteins: Structures, classification, fibrous and globular- primary, secondary,
tertiary and quarternary structures of proteins- Denaturation of proteins
9.3 Enzymes: Enzymes,mechanism of enzyme action 9.4 Vitamins: Explanation-
names- classification of vitamins - sources of vitamins-deficiency diseases of
different types of vitamins
9.5. Nucleic acids: chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of
nucleic acids, DNA finger printing biological functions of nucleic acids 9.6
Hormones:Definition, different types of hormones, their production, biological
activity, diseases due to their abnormal activities.

CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

10.1 Drugs and their classification: (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of
pharmocological effect(b) Classification of drugs on the basis of drug action (c)
Classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure (d) Classification of
drugs on the basis of molecular targets 10.2 Drug-Target interaction-Enzymes as
10. drug targets(a) Catalytic action of enzymes (b) Drug-enzyme interaction
Receptors as drug targets 10.3 Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs:
antacids, antihistamines, neurologically active drugs: tranquilizers, analgesics–
non- narcotic,narcotic analgesics, antimicrobials-antibiotics,antiseptics and
disinfectants- antifertility drugs 10.4 Chemicals in food- artificial sweetening
agents, food preservatives, antioxidants in food 10.5 Cleansing agents-soaps and
synthetic detergents

HALO ALKANES AND HALO ARENES

11.1 Classification and nomenclature 11.2 Nature of C-X bond 11.3.Methods of
preparation : Alkyl halides and aryl halides- from alcohols, from hydrocarbons
11. (a)by free radical halogenation
–(b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group(Sand-
Meyer reaction) (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to
alkenes-by halogen exchange(Finkelstein reaction) 11.4 Physical properties-
melting
and boiling points,density and solubility
44 | P a g e
 11.5 Chemical reactions : Reactions of haloalkanes (i)Nucleophilic substitution
reactions
(a) SN² mechanism (b) SN¹ mechanism (c) stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic
substitution reactions -optical activity (ii) Elimination reactions (iii) Reaction with
metals-Reactions of haloarenes: (i) Nucleophilic substitution (ii)Electrophilic
substitution and (iii) Reaction with metals11.6 Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and
environmental effects of dichloro methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane,
tetrachloro methane, freons and DDT.

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING C, H AND O

(Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones
and Carboxylic acids)
ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
12.1 Alcohols,phenols and ethers -classification12.2 Nomenclature: (a)Alcohols,
(b)phenols and (c)ethers 12.3Structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups
12.4 Methods of preparation: Alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds-
Phenols from haloarenes, benzene sulphonic acid, diazonium salts, cumene
12.5 Physical propertics of alcohols and phenols 12.6 Chemical reactions of
alcohols and phenols (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-Acidity of
alcohols and phenols, esterification (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-O
bond- reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation (iii) Reactions of
phenols- electrophili aromatic substitution, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer – Tiemann
reaction, reaction with zinc dust, oxidation12.7 Commercially important
alcohols (methanol,ethanol) 12.8 Ethers–Methods of preparation: By
dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis- Physical properties-Chemical
reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic
ethers.
ALDEHYDES AND KETONES

12. 12.9 Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group 12.10Preparation of

aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols (2) by dehydrogenation of
alcohols (3) from hydrocarbons –Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl
chlorides
(2) from nitriles and esters(3)from hydrocarbons-Preparation of
ketones(1) from acyl chlorides (2)from nitriles (3)from benzene or substituted
benzenes 12.11Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones12.12 Chemical
reactions of aldehydes and ketones- nucleophilic addition, reduction,
oxidation, reactions due to - Hydrogen and
other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction,electrophilic substitution reaction) 12.13
Uses of aldehydes and ketones
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
12.14 Nomenclature and structure of carboxylgroup 12.15 Methods of
preparation of carboxylic acids- (1)from primary alcohols and aldehydes (2)
from alkylbenzenes(3)from nitriles and amides (4)from Grignard reagents (5)
from acyl halides and anhydrides (6) from esters12.16 Physical properties
12.17 Chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-
H bond-acidity, reactions with metals and alkalies (ii) Reactions involving
cleavage of C-OH bond-formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3,
SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia (iii) Reactions involving -COOH
group-reduction, decarboxylation (iv) Substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon
part – halogenation and ring substitution 12.18 Uses of
45 | P a g e
 carboxylic acids
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
I. AMINES
13.1 Structure of amines 13.2 Classification13.3 Nomenclature
13.4 Preparation of amines:reduction of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl
halides, reduction of nitriles,reduction of amides, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction.13.5 Physical properties13.6
Chemical reactions:basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine
reaction, reaction with nitrous acid, reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride,
electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines- bromination, nitration and
13. sulphonation
II. DIAZONIUM SALTS
Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotization)
Physical properties 13.9Chemical reactions: Reactions involvin
III. CYANIDES AND ISOCYANIDES
Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides
Preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides and
isocyanides
Topics deleted under
30% reduction of Syllabus due to COVID-19
1 Solid state (1.11) Electrical properties 27
(1.12) Magnetic properties 30
2 Solutions (2.7) Abnormal molar masses 57
3 Electro chemistry (3.6) Batteries 89
(3.7) Fuel cells 91
(3.8) Corrosion 92
Chemical Kinetics (3.14) Collision theory of chemical reaction rates 115
4 Surface chemistry (4.2) Catalysis 133
(4.5) Emulsions 149
5 General principles of Entire chapter 159-178
metallurgy
6 P-Block elements Group (6.4) Oxides of Nitrogen structures only. 186
15 elements (6.6) Phosphorus allotropic forms
189
(6.7) Preparation & Properties of Phosphene
(6.8) Preparation & Properties of 190
& (6.9) Phosphorus Halides & Oxo-acids
191 – 194
(elementary idea only)
Group 16 elements (6.17) Sulphuric acid – Industrial process of 204
manufacture
7 d and f block elements & (7.4) Some important Compounds of Transition 244
Co-ordination Compounds elements (Preparation & Properties of Kmno4 and
247
K2Cr2O7)
(7.5) Chemical reactivity of Lanthanoids 250
(7.6) Actinoids – Electronic configuration, Oxidation
46 | P a g e
 states and Comparision with Lanthanoids 260 – 262
(7.11) Isomerism in Co-ordination Compounds
272
(7.15) Importance of Co-ordination Compounds
8 Polymers Entire chapter 283 - 300
9 Biomolecules (9.1) –(i) Sucrose, lactose , maltose importance 301
Polysacharides (starch, carbohydrates) importance
315
(9.3) Enzymes
(9.6) Harmones 321
10 Chemistry in Everyday life Entire Chapter 325 – 342
11 Halo alkanes and Halo (11.6) Poly Halogen Compounds 370
arenes
12 Organic Compounds
Containing C,H and O (12.7) Some Commercially important alcohols 397
Alcohols
13 Organic Compounds
Containing Nitrogen Olny Diazonium Salts Topic is Deleted 442 – 465
Amines, Diazonium salts
Cyanides and Isocynides

47 | P a g e