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2021 Chapter 3 Outline

This document discusses local and global communication in multicultural settings. It defines key terms like multicultural setting, communication, and local versus global communication. Local communication refers to interacting with those in one's local area, while global communication occurs across distances. Communication styles differ between high-context and low-context cultures. Intercultural communication involves people from different cultures and is influenced by cultural factors like symbols, values, and beliefs. Improving intercultural communication requires gaining knowledge, experience, empathy and open-mindedness. Nonverbal communication and cultural barriers like language, stereotypes, behaviors and emotional displays also impact intercultural interactions.

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44 views5 pages

2021 Chapter 3 Outline

This document discusses local and global communication in multicultural settings. It defines key terms like multicultural setting, communication, and local versus global communication. Local communication refers to interacting with those in one's local area, while global communication occurs across distances. Communication styles differ between high-context and low-context cultures. Intercultural communication involves people from different cultures and is influenced by cultural factors like symbols, values, and beliefs. Improving intercultural communication requires gaining knowledge, experience, empathy and open-mindedness. Nonverbal communication and cultural barriers like language, stereotypes, behaviors and emotional displays also impact intercultural interactions.

Uploaded by

Jacob Mallari
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3

LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN


MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS

What is multicultural setting?


Multicultural setting refers to the practice of giving equal attention to different
cultures in a particular setting.

What is multicultural communication?


The multicultural communication focuses on the dynamics of communication across
cultures.

A. Difference between local communication and global communication


Local communication is being able to communicate with the members of your local
area.
Global communication is a function of system integration or interaction between
individuals away from each other in time or space or both.

B. THE ADVANTAGES OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION

Advantages and disadvantages of Local Communication


1. Advantages of Local Communication
a. serves as an instrument
b. can easily understand one another
2. Disadvantages
Sensitivity
Cultural sensitivity is the state of being aware of the existence
of the cultural differences or similarities between each other without
considering any culture as a measure of something good or bad, positive or
negative.

The benefits of a global society include:


a) Makes the World a Smaller Place
b) Increases Business Opportunities
c) Improves Cultural Education

According to Gamble and Gamble, communication style among cultures differs; it may be
high-context or low-context communication.
High-context communication is a tradition-linked communication system which
adheres strongly to being indirect.
Low-context communication is a system that works on straightforward
communication.

PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATIVE CONVERSATION

Paul Grice, an English language philosopher formulated the principle of cooperation


that underlies conversation, as follows:

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1. MAXIM OF RELATION - every interlocutor should be relevant in a conversation,
requiring them to respond based on cultural and contextual requirements.
2. MAXIM OF QUANTITY - every interlocutor should observe a “fair-share-talk of
time.”
3. MAXIM OF QUALITY - the truth value of a message should be held primary in a
conversation.
4. MAXIM OF MANNER - the manner of saying a word is more regarded than its
content.

C. COMMUNICATING IN A MULTI-CULTURAL SETTING

1. Definition of Intercultural communication


Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people
from two different cultures. (Chen & Starosta, 1998)
2. Variations Of Intercultural Communication
a) Interracial communication is the interaction among people of different
nationalities.
b) Inter-ethnic communication is the interaction among people who have
different ethnic groups
c) International communication is the interaction between persons
representing different political structures.
d) Intra-cultural communication is the interaction that includes all forms of
communication among members of the same racial, ethnic, and
subculture groups.

3. Culture Influences Communication


Culture Defined
Culture can be considered as the system of knowledge, beliefs,
values, customs, attitudes, and utilitarian objects that are acquired, shared
and used by a specific portion of a population.

4. Manifestation of Culture
The differences in cultures of people are manifested in various ways as
follows:
• Symbols – words, gestures, clothes, acts or objects that carry a particular
meaning
• Heroes – are past or present, real or fictitious persons who are respected
and admired in a culture
• Rituals – are collection of activities such as religious and social ceremonies
• Values – consist of culture’s preference between right and wrong, good
and bad, likes and dislikes. They are interconnected with what is moral or
ethical standards of a culture.

5. Strategies of Interaction within a Culture


• Accommodation – denotes acquired modifications in the behavior which
help individuals to adjust to their new environment

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• Acculturation – a process through which a person or group from one
culture comes to adopt the practices and values of another culture while still
retaining their own distinct culture
• Assimilation – the process whereby individuals or groups of different
ethnic heritage adopt the cultural norms of a dominant or host culture over
their original culture.
• Integration – the process occurs when individuals are able to adopt the
cultural norms of the dominant or host culture while maintaining their
culture of origin.
• Separation – occurs when individuals reject the dominant or host-culture in
favor of preserving their culture of origin,
• Marginalization – occurs when individuals reject both their culture of origin
and the dominant host-culture where cultural exclusion is promoted.

6. Culture Influences Communication


The following concepts are a good guide in intercultural communication:
• Ethnocentrism is the tendency of a group of people to consider their
culture as superior to all other cultures.
• Cultural relativism is the acceptance that all cultures are equal in value
with one another despite their differences.
• Melting Pot philosophy pertains to the idea that different cultures will
blend together and create one ultimate culture.
• Pluralism refers to the acknowledgement of cultural relativism and
promotion of respect for uniqueness and forbearance of diversity of cultures.

7. Improving Intercultural Communication


• Pay attention to your words and actions.
• Control your assumptions.
• Engage in transpection. Transpection is the process of empathizing across
cultures.
• Gain knowledge
• Gain experience.

8. Intercultural Communication Tips


• Be Patient
• Establish Rules
• Ask Questions
• Respect
• The Written Word
• Time
• Humour
• Always Check
• Be Positive
• Self-Reflect

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9. Nonverbal Forms in Intercultural Communication
Each provides an area where people doing business in other parts of the
world should understand the nonverbal communication differences between
cultures and how to prepare for them.
• Eye Contact
• Touch
• Gestures
• Physical Distance
• Facial Expressions
• Appearance
• Posture
• Paralanguage

10. Effective behavioral and cognitive competencies:


a. Self-awareness – involves being aware of different aspects of the self
including traits, behaviors, and feelings.
b. Appropriateness is the extent to which an utterance is perceived as
` suitable for a particular purpose and a particular audience in a particular
social context.
c. Self-confidence is an attitude about your skills and abilities.
d. Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result or the ability
to produce desired output.
e. Motivation for success. Motivation builds determination to achieve
something, and when you succeed, you feel happy with your results.
f. Changing perspective. Shifting your perspective can allow you to focus on
the good, elevate your mood and bring you to new creative solutions.
g. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
h. Open-mindedness is the willingness to search actively for evidence
against one's favored beliefs, plans, or goals, and to weigh such evidence
fairly when it is available.
i. Communication ability
j. Tolerance is willingness to accept behavior and beliefs that are different
from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them
k. Sensitivity is the awareness of the needs and emotions of others
l. Flexibility is willingness to change or compromise.

11. Cultural Barriers To Communication

a) Language
Language is considered as the most crucial barrier in cross- cultural
communication. The language barrier occurs not only because of differences in
language but also in the forms of a variety of dialects.
b) Stereotypes and Prejudices
Stereotyping is the process of creating a picture of a whole culture,
overgeneralizing all people belonging to the same culture as
having similar characteristics and categorizing people accordingly.

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c) Behavior and Beliefs
Culture also sets specific norms which dictate behavior. It explains what is
right and wrong. Every action is influenced by culture like ambitions, careers,
interests, values, etc. Beliefs are also another cause for cultural barrier.
d) Emotional display
Appropriate amount of emotion that must be displayed is also
different in different cultures. Roles are defined by culture. Good
communication only occurs between people with different cultures if
both accept their differences with open mind.

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