Birbal's Khichdi

ALhar went out with

Buhal for a walk As they
Emperor Akbar
of his palace.
s1niled. He pointed
lowards a

These washermen
burning torch on the roof
Medieval
ne dav mpen were
must berecewng

Architecture
Washernien
iravhel the IVer bank wher ihe
thei
w alhiernd,
warnthfrom those
ashing l t h e s o e Mayesy, lughted torches
with
jeeve ou
hese people ad dedaion.
JHuch h a n i u o k
e e how (tey aN hwng
4
he cod
Key Terms
arch Curve or a semi-circle together small pieces of glass or stone of
architecture art and study of designing buildings different colours
baoli step-well muezzin man who calls Muslims for prayer from
colonnades rows of stone columns with equal
understood ihat the Emperor
was aVOIdIng the issue. the minaret ofa mosque
Birbal iistened, and spaces between them mural wall painting
havelis magnificent mansions that usually
AKbar arrived
at Please
have colourful paintings on the walls
pietra dura style of decorating structures with floral
our Maes0, i Emperor Waut a whue,you
Birbal's mansion.
Majesty,the dish wil designs and use of precious and semi
m e taitne paisel. has beel tlo minarets slender and tapering pillars that
hoe Tnayi
joon be ready.
looked like towers precious stones
motif design or pattern shikharas spire-like structures over the main or
mosaics pictures or patterns made by placing central shrine of a temple
delcinu

Use Cordova Smart Class Software

pvrd

It will be
by me on the smart board in class to make learning enjoyable.
wyoryetabe Qutbu
eenence
Akba
io feel extremely hungry. He asked
Meanwhile, the Emperor had begun
Birbal about the Khichdi.

Your Majesty, t the wamth trom the

BCE CE 1199 1585
uung orthonne roof up of your palace
Qutb Mirar Fatehp
Burtal took Akhar to the plaae where See how high the
the r w e r
osq
the amaing Ahichdi nas Cing C a n each e men aowr ear
he
heat rom Die
fre on the
Okd
huchde is ur a v i T den suely,
oundwill reachthe pohangung high:
The Red Fort is the pride of India. Every year, the were constructed for satety and protection. The
o ecooked.
Prime Minister of India hoists the National Flag at second the structures meant for
were
public
the Red Fort. You will be happy to know that it is a such
activity as temples, mosques, gardens,
medieval period monument that still holds its tanks, wells, caravans, sarais and bazaars.
grandeur.
what AnNiaAnes ARCHITECTURAL SKILLS AND STYLE OF
Actually, the medieval period is known for
he fev m e prtnuuí nach MONUMENTS
As soon as he heard this, Akbar recalled the incident where Birbal had
architecture, painting language and literature.
Numerous structures were constructed in Monumernts of a particular period in history are
requested his help for the poor treezing washermen.

different architectural styles. Monument recognised by the style, design and material used
SrvOher ne matter whlt vou . .Butval today'sfeast was trdy wonmdestul Alltihe dishes were like marble or red sandstone. For example, during
Khuchii s lke - t has certaundy delhcaou btyour pecal Khuchii was the best otall construction showcased many aspects of an
enned the nuuiage ot
the period between the seventh and tenth
emperor or the empire as a whole. It was an
centuries, the building construction style
expression of art, aesthetics and political powe
underwent a change as more rooms, doors and
Construction of forts, capital cities, gateways,
windows were added to buildings.
mosques, temples or tombs all brought name and
A horizontal beam was placed across two vertical
fame as they were considered as testimonies to the
columns between the eighth and thirteenth
power and wealth of the emperor.
century. This style was known as Trabeate or
The structures or monuments were of two kinds. Corbelled style of architecture. It was used in the
y this time lots ot delhaous d1xhes and sweets had een
bal and the Emperor had a good feast placed before
The first were forts, palaces and gateways which
Moral: Wisdom wins over ignoranc
construction of temples, mosques, tombs and in

52 Cordova Leaming Series HISTORY-7 Cordova Leaming Series HISTORY-7 53)

 cranes to lift and
architecturalfinery. IWith no
dings attached to large step-wells. These step- items to the site, constructing Wonderful To Know decorate the buldings,
geometrical designs,
wells are called as hanlis transport heavy flowers and Arabic calligraphy were used. This
been easy.
the shikhara wouldn't have Hampi, located in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin,
Arabic calligraphy had verses from the
TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE BETWEEN formed the nucleus of the Vijayanagara empire. The holy
ruins ofHampi reveal a well-fortified city. The city was Quran. The ity of Siri was built by Alauddin
800-1200 CE
constructed without using any mortar or cement. The Khalji. Muhammad-bin Tughluq built
Dung this perioi, a number of temples were method of interlocking by wedging the stones Jahanpanah in Delhi. These showcase remarkable
corstructed all over India. Temples housed together was used.
planning and architecture.
L2ges of deities and served two-fold purpose
ARCHITECTURE DURING SULTANATE
Ohe they became places of worship and second,
to dance and music and PERIOD
they provided patronage
also became seats of eaming. These structures New styles and techniques were introduced by the
demonstrated the powerand prestige ofa king. Turks and Afghans who came into India and later
DiIwara temple at Mount Abu in Rajasthan was settled here. The already existing style of Indian
doTe up in pearl white marble and is the exquisite architecture had these distinct features.
Rajarajeshvara Temple The concepts of courtyards and colonnades
example of Jain temples built in this period. There
is another group of Jain temples at Ranakpur. To ease this difficulty, the architect had to build are very common to Hindu structures,

These are dose to Dilwara and very famous. They an inclined path that reached the top of the especially temples, and this was borrowed to
have marble halls, pillars, intricately carved temple. The path started more than four enrich Muslim architectural designs. A
roofs. Hundred temples at kilometres away so that it would not be too colonnade was another unique teature
ceilings, pillars and Gol Gumbaz
Anhilwara in Gujarat is another great example of steep. The boulder was placed ona roller and which includes a row of stone columns with
Indians, especially the Rajputs and other Hindu
architecture. Anhilwara was the capital of Solanki rolled ali the way to the top. This path was later equal spaces between them.
rulers, were so impressed and influenced with the
on dismantled, once the construction of the
plers. The Chandellas built the famous (ii) Balconies supported by brackets were
buildings of the Sultans that they adopted the arch
hajuraho temples. They are famous all over the temple was complete. This construction was so included.
and many other features. Thus, Indian
world for their sculptures popular and crucial that the residents of the (in) The decoration and beautification of architecture became rich and diverse.
area remembered the experience of the temple structures with the help of carvings. The main feature used in the construction of the
construction for a long time. Even today, a These features were merged artistically with the buildings of the period was the dome. In the
village near the temple is called Charupallam new styles brought by the Turks and Afghans. This beginning, only half domes were constructed. But
which means the village of the incline. fusion gave birth to the Indo-Islamic style of with the passage of time, full domes began to be
architecture. This style was used while made. Arch was another feature which was
From the 12th century onwards, there were some
constructing palaces, mosques, towers and forts. introduced. Pillars were no longer required to
inventions in material mixing and stylistic Constructions were carried out by different support the roof and the process of construction
architectural developments that resulted in strong
dynasties of the medieval period. The rulers of the underwent a change. The concept of minarets,
structures. Some are given below:
Delhi Sultanate built tombs, palaces, torts, geometrical motifs and mosaics were also
9 Arches were introduced. They were mosques, baolis and gardens. They used grey stone included in the buildings of that period.
Dilwara Temple
beautiful in shape and strong enough to which made the structures plain and dull. In sharp Let us look at some famous buildings in the 13th,
carry the weight of the superstructures contrast, the Mughal structures looked royal and 14th and 15th centuries:
CASE STUDY: THE RAJARAJESHVARA above the doors and the windows. beautiful due to the use of marble and red .The Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque was

() A unique type of cement made with sandstone. constructed by Qutbuddin Aibak around
TEMPLE OF THANJAVUR
Turkish and 1197. The mosque is open and has writings
The Rajarajeshvara limestone was used in the construction. It The important feature of Afghan
temple at Thanjavur had architecture was the use of the arch, the dome and from the Quran.
the tallest shikhara was of excellent
amongst the temples of its quality. To further harden the minaret. Turkish Sultans employed many T h e Qutb Minar is made of white and red
time. With the 90 tonnes stone for the of the it, stone chips were mixed to make it like
top Indians who introduced many patterns and sandstone and marble. It is a unique
shikhara, it is a beautiful structure showing concrete. Due to this, construction of the monument that has towers and balconies.
large structures became easier and faster. designs, such as bell, lotus and swastika. To
54 Cordova Learming Series HISTORY-7 Cordova Learning Series HISTORY-7 55
 and it is 72.9 m and so, in most of the the was the
Alauddin's Alai Darwaza in the Qutb The Qutb Minar has 399 steps paintings, subject halls, the Diuan -ham and the Diuan-i
Khar, are
balconies, carved with life and times of Krishna.
a dome. high. It has projecting Many beautifully other of the cxotic
Complex contains arches and large underside. It examples Mughals
decorative elements o n the designed, carved and painted havelis are there in
He failed architecture. Akbar was inspired by a Vision ot a
to compiete the Alai Minar consists of inscriptional surface
carving and Shekhawati. The havelis of Jaisalmer are famous all
The massive fort of Tughlaqabad is united India and this is reflected in his
It is the highest storne tower buildings
variegated fluting. over the world. They have dense interlocking He invented a very distinct architectural
style
1amous. The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
with a
in India. structures. Architecturally, they are designed in which was truly Indian with influences of
was constructed on a high platform along
such a way that they keep out heat and dust.
foreign traditions.
marble dome.
Baolis: Wealthy rulers in Haryana and Gujarat
H a u z Khas in Delhi, was a resort
pleasure builta number of baolis during the medieval times.
with a lake. It has arches and beams in the Baolis are step-wells to obtain underground water.
same building.
They were built at many places in southern and
In Firoz Shah Kotla, we c a n s e e the use of
eastern Haryana. Fine structures at the baolis
a and a
the lotus motif. It consists of palace depict, how the peope of this land used such
mosque. intelligent and durable techniques for obtaining
The Lodi tomb in Delhi is on a high water. Baolis had a unique and beautiful
hasa garden around it. architectural style with impressive appearances
platform and
their Qutb Minar and sheer massiveness.
Regional kingdoms also developed
individual style of architecture. The
ARCHITECTURE DURING THE MUGHAL
famous Charminar was constructed by the Buland Darwaza
Choice Questions (Quick Revision) PERIOD
rulers of Golconda in the Deccan. It has four
Multiple Many of the buildings reflect the personal styles
Tick ( ) the correct options. The Delhi Sultanate was succeeded by the Mughal
lofty gates with four minarets. The most
Delhi Sultanate used
Empire. The style adopted by the Mughals was a and likes of the ruler. For example, while Akbar
famous 1. The rulers of the
Bijapuri building, the Gol combination of Persian, Indian and provincial red sandstone, Shah Jahan loved
Gumbaz, has the largest single dome in the (a) marble b)grey stone preferred
architecture. In Shah Jahan's period (1628-58), the marble. The buildings reflect aesthetic sense, taste,
world. It is a beautifully proportioned
(c) red sandstone Mughal architecture reached its zenith. attitude and interest of the emperors who got
structure them constructed. Shah Jahan's structures show aa
2. Which of the following is the unique feature Mughals concentrated on symmetry and balance
class while Aurangzeb's show a lack of interest.
of architecture during the Sultanate period? between the parts of the building. They also gave
His wife's tomb in Aurangabad is a poor copy of
very delicate ornamental details.
(a) Courtyards and colonnades the wonderful Taj Mahal.
Domes and arches
The monuments were constructed in order to
(b)
influence the people, showcase the wealth, power Find out what materials have been used for the
(c) Both (a) and (b) construction of the house in which you live.
and glory of a Sultan and also, to make the future
Havelis: There are various havelis in Rajasthan. generations remember them. What materials would you prefer to use to build
Havelis are magnificent mansions that usually anew house
Most of Shah Jahan's monuments are rich and for yourself?
have colourful paintings on the walls. Intricate lavish. The beautiful Taj Mahal built in the 17th Some rulers displayed their victories in wars
carvings o n wooden gates which extended into a century is not so much a private memorial than a through architecture and got victory towers
Alai Darwaza small courtyard is a unique feature of the havelis. display of personal or dynastic wealth and glory. It constructed to commemorate their victory. We
This small courtyard leads to a larger courtyard. shows the Mughal's love for have several examples of it like Victory Tower of
CASE STUDY: QUTB MINAR Some havelis have four large courtyards.
architecture
In the early 17th century, Akbar created Fatehpur Chittor and Buland Darwaza in
The Qutb Minar at Mehrauli was built around Mural paintings were done on the outer and inner Sikri. The decision was to make a new city and to
FatehpurSikri.
Gardens: Large gardens with water fountains and
1199. It was built by Qutbuddin Aibak who walls of the havelis and formed an intrinsic feature break away from Agra. This decision to have a new canals in north India were laid by many Muslim
founded the Slave Dynasty. But due to his early of these paintings. Gold and silver leaves and a lot capital depicts his independence. The grand arch rulers. These gardens were placed within
death, it was finally completed by his son-in- of Buland Darwaza, its sanctuaries, houses, offices wall enclosures and divided into four
of mirror pieces were used as decorations. Many rectangular
law and (1210-35). and especially its private and public audience quarters by artificial channels.
successorlItutmish people in these areas were the devotees of Krishna

56 Cordova Leaming Series HISTORY-7 Cordova Learning Series HISTORY-7 57)

 tamous tor its shah Jahan
another project marble to Akbarabad. Account (of expenditure
These gardens were called Chahar Bagh or tour at Agra was
a r c h i t e c t u r a l expertise.
Constructed Shah Jahan built monuments that are still on carts) along with the previous account of
due to their division into grandeur and magnificent gates.
Eardens symmetrical the fort has unmatched in beauty and grandeur. He preferred amount allocated for the purchase of marble be
with red sandstone,
quarters. Beginning with Akbar, some of the most new capital ity at
of the marble to other stones. Akbar, who initiated submitted (to the mutsaddi in charge of
constructed
With the construction
Chahar were by under Akbar
duirul Baghs Sikri, Mughal architecture interest in architecture, which was grand yet plain, payment).
Delhi. Fatehpur
jarangar and Shah Jaharn in Kashmir, Agra and His reign saw the fusion of was superseded by Shah Jahan whose buildings
entered a new phase. The Taj Mahal: The Taj Mahal was built by Shah
used for
Duilding Materials: The materials and regional style of delicate and richly ornamented.
to Central Asian, Persian were slender, Jahan. It is located in Agra, on the banks of the
monuments differ from region a new style.
rESErctng architecture.This gave birth to Buildings of Shah Jahan's reign are the perfect
of the period, the River Yamuna. It was a memorial for his beloved
eOnIhe debris from buildings Sikri was the greatest architectural
of older Fatehpur combination of the Persian and central Asian wife Mumtaz Mahal who died in 1631. The Taj
u y carved
capitals, columns and shafts achievement of Akbar.
This city palace was built
architecture. Their features were,
construction. Stone Mahal is considered as one of the seven Wonders
uildings were reused for fresh The architectural style of
was used and gypsum was used for entirely of red sandstone. symmetry and uniformity of the World. It is as tall as a 20 storey buildingIt
xtensively dear reflections of the architectural
was reserved for FatehpurSikrihas .white marble with motifs.
plastering buildings. Lime plaster in
Gujarat and Rajasthan. It was glorifies the history of India as well as the culture
water styles prevalent
places that needed to be secured against built between 1571-1585. sources which inform us about Shah and architecture of the Mughals.
The main
leakage as in roofs, canals and drains. Jahan's buildings are: The construction of Taj Mahal began in 1631 and
famous
White marble and red sandstone were .the Padshahnama, the court jourmal of Shah was completed after 22 years in 1653. Workers
marble was
materials among the Mughals. White from ditterent nationalities worked and helped in
Jahan, written by Mulla Abdul Hamid
was not
used in many parts of north India, but it the construction of Taj Mahal. It is said that over
Lahori
and forts can be 20,000 workers from India, Central Asia and even
popular in the south. Brick palaces
are from travelogue of Peter Mundy, an employee of
seen in many parts of India. They Europe worked to construct it. There are many
in the East India Company, who visited Agra
medieval period. Many temples and palaces sources that inform us about the names of many of
south India are built of granite and sandstone. (1631-33)
the builders who participated in the construction
in of
Extensive wood carvings were done temples travelogue of JB Tavernier, a French of the Taj Mahal. One such source is the Diwan-i-
Kerala which are famous
throughout the world. merchant, who visited India five times
which informs us about Isa Khan as the
between 1638 and 1668
Afridi,
ARCHITECTURE DURING THE REIGN OF chief architect of the Taj Mahal.
DIFFERENT MUGHAL RULERS the farmans of Shah Jahan to Raja Jai Singh The materials which were used in the construction
Fatehpur Sikri of Jaipur, pertaining to the acquisition of
Babur of the Taj Mahal were red sandstone, silver, gold,
Babur built palaces with gardens. He built these marble from the Makrana quarries in
carnelian, jasper, moonstone, jade, lapiz lazuli and
Rajasthan coral. These were brought in from all over India
palaces at Agra, Dholpur and Sikri. He also built a Wonderful To Know
mosque at Panipat. Given below is one of the farmans dated and Central Asia. White Makrana marble was
Agra Fort was built by Akbar. It required 2,000 stone-
Humayun cutters, 2,000 cement and lime makers and 8,000 Rajab, 1041 Hijri (21 January 1632 CE).
Humayun was in exile for many years. He did not labourers. As a great number of carts are required for
build any structure.
transporation of marble needed for
Akbar Jahangir constructing building (at the capital), a farman
The Mughal Emperor Akbar initiated grand The important buildings of the reign of Jahangir was previously sent to you (to procure them). It
projects. The process of royal structures involving include the Tomb of Akbar at Sikandara and the is again desired of you, that as many carts on
men and money started with the construction of Tomb of Itmad-ud-Daula. The tomb of ltmad-ud- hire be arranged as possible at the earliest time,
Humayun's Tomb in Delhi. It was designed by Daula was built by Nur Jahan for her father as has already been written to you, and be
Mirak Mirza Ghiyas from Persia. He
Itmad
brought ud-Daula. It was the first Mughal building made despatched to Makrana for expediting the
Persian craftsmen with him to work on the tomb. entirely of marble and decorated with relief transport of marble to the capital. Every
This tomb is compared with the Mahal for its
Taj carving, lace like jalis, exquisite inlays, pietra dura assitance be to
Allahood, who has been
given
architectural finery. Humayun's Tomb is the first (floral inlay work with precious and semi- of Taj Mahal
deputed to arrange the transportation
example of double dome in India. The fort palace precious stones) and calligraphy.
Cordova Learning Series HISTORY-7 59
58 Cordova Leaming Series HISTORY-7
 hall that does
oes nnot
o t have
scheme ot open prayer
witn
chhatris
Drought trom Jodhpur and was transported
Various
minarets which are
replaced with On
the Multiple Choice Questions (Quick Revision)
the help ot a fleet of 1,000 elephants. of the prayer
hall.
used
tourcorners
Tick () the correct options.
elous stones were also used. They were
from Golconda, 1. The Tomb of Akbar was built by
tor the
inlay and were brought
Russia, China, (a) Akbar (b) Jahangir
T'unjab, Baghdad, Egypt,
Atghanistan, Ceylon and Persia. (c) Shah Jahan
As discussed betore, the influences
from Central
2. Which of the following is true?
and Indian
Asian architecture along with Persian (a) Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan.
architecture are also found in Mughal style. It is a
forms ot (b) Red fort was part of the new city
unique combination of international
architecture with local influences on it.
The Taj and is in the shape of an irregular
Mahal stands on a huge platform surrounded by Jama Masjid octagon.
After Shah Jahan, though not many buildings (c) Both (a) and (b)
gardens. There is a slender and tapering tower or
of the were erected by Aurangzeb, up till the 18th
pillar or minaret at each of the four
corners
platform. These minarets tilt away from the
main Moti Masjid century, traditions of Mughal architecture of pineapple like domes and minarets, and
of the that in case of an continued. Safdarjung's Tomb is the last well columns modelled on palm trees.
structure Taj, so Red Fort: On the right bank of the River Yamuna
white known monument in Delhi. It depicts a lot of
earthquake, they do not fall on it. Pure in Delhi, stands a marvellous fort. The fort is called The Bahmani rulers were great patrons or
marble is used in the construction of the building original variations blended with local styles.
Red Fort or Lal Qila because it is nmade of red- architecture. They built famous monuments like
and is beautifully outstanding in the decorative Aurangzeb the Jama Masjid at Gulbarga, the Jami Masjid,
coloured stone. It was built between the years 1639
The impressive decorative
features. most The last powerful ruler of the Mughal Dynasty was Mahmud Gawan's madrasa and his tomb at Bidar.
and 1648. This fort was built by Shah Jahan when
features of the building are the delicate marble The Vijayanagar rulers also built beautiful temples
he laid the foundations of a new city called Aurangzeb who is remembered for his simple
creens, the well proportioned kiosks or chhatris at Hampi. The Vittalaswami Temple, the
Shahjahanabad. This fort was part of the new city ifestyle and lack of interest in reative arts or
nd the pietra durainlay work on the walls. architecture. Architectural innovations and Virupaksha Temple and the Hazara Rama Temple
and is in the shape of an irregular octagon.
improvements came to a complete standstill and were built by them which are excellent examples
Restoration of The Taj Mahal The important structures within the Red Fort are
whatever was constructed was a copy of the earlier of temple architecture. Other than these, the
During the late 19th century, the buildings of as follows:
the Taj Mahal had fallen into disrepair. British style. The Tomb of Rabia Durrani, Aurangzeb's wife Rajputana rulers also constructed regal structures
soldiers and government officials damaged it
The Diwan-i-Am I t is the hall of public at Aurangabad, is a poor copy of the Taj Mahal. It is such as the Mehrangarh Fort at Jodhpur, the
audience. It is a rectangular hall built of red called Bibi Ka Magbara. The Moti Masjid at Lal Qila in Victory tower and the fort at Chittor.
and took out the precious stones and lapis
sandstone. Delhi and the Badshahi Masjid in Lahore were also While Mughal architecture went into rapid
lazuli from its walls around 1857. At the end of
the 19th entury, Lord Curzon commissioned The Diwan-i-Khas I t is the hall of private built during the reign of Aurangzeb. decline after the rise of Aurangzeb, indigenous
the restoration of the Taj Mahal which was audience. It is a highly ornamented pillared schools of architecture gained pace and started the
THE REGIONALARCHITECTURE
completed in 1908. He also installed a large hall. The famous peacock throne was kept on
The regional architecture also excelled during the
development of their own traditions and styles in
lamp in the interior chamber, which resembled the marble platform there. architecture. According to historians, Aurangzeb
Mughal period and drew inspiration from the
one in a Cairo did not encourage artists and so, they migrated to
mosque. The chahar bagh was also T h eRang Mahal - It was said to be the palace for
Indo-Islamic style. The Suitans of Bengal and
remodelled with British style lawns that remain other regions where rulers involved them in
the women of the royal household. the Sharqi kings and Sher Shah Sun
Gujarat, architectural projects.
unchangedeven today. Shah Burj - This was the structure from where
constructed some magnificent monuments.
Moti Masjid: Shah Jahan also constructed the Emperor gavejharokha darshan. The finely carved reliefs in the 14th century, Jama Wonderful To Know
several mosques. One of the most
important Jama Masjid: Shah Jahan laid the foundation of Masjid in Pandua, displays similarities with relief The UNESCO has declared the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri,
among them is the Moti Masjid or Pearl Mosque the historic Jama Masjid. It was laid on a hillock at
within the Agra Fort.
of the 13th century Kakatiya monuments of Humayun's Tomb and Red Fort as World Heritage Sites.
Shahjahanabad. The mosque was the result of the Warangal in Andhra Pradesh. Nature inspired Even though the authority of the Mughal rulers
This mosque is built
entirely of marble. The Moti efforts of over 6,000 workers, architectural forms, were used in the Deccan. The waned in the eighteenth century, the architectural
Masjid is an experiment with an alternative
over a
period of 6
monuments of Hyderabad stand out for their use styles developed under their patronage were
years (1650-1656).
60 Cordova Learning Series
HISTORY-7 Cordova Learning Series HISTORY-7 61
 ikillel workern and numeo
wereardenignen,
y e
hey
aml
ed
aloptl by otlhr
eatablialh
ruhr
thuir own
abourea whe
workod manualy or
Iact that tuey

years We
denigned
Exercise
to admire t e
and
wlw ed Quick Revision Use Cordova Smart Class Software on the
ingahn Otrucled withoNIt
machns, comjputers an smart board in clas to do these exercises
nwdioval urlol loclay, The materia
e an bies tual woudera ot he o d e r n 0oN
Avallable lo
wealth or a victory.
qunlity that can ill leavo Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) [Tick () the correct options.]
o heveane powor, ol MCh
W Dli ha
uNd Wan
. 'Hundred temples' is at..
wha We wn marvel al, in the lact
caded ehindUr
CortiliodproductN
(a) MountAbu
*****************iuse
the
capitalof Solankis.
evOTy umnent that wan
(b) Ranakpur (c) Anhilwara
ei 2. What did the temples serve as?
In Other Parts Of The
World During That Time
(a) Temples served as places of worship and seats of
maygniticent
learning
In Pranee, durng thw lwelth vnlury omwardn, (b) Temples served as post offices.
Ther ohuuton werw lallor annd ighter
huhea were built
arehitectural seyle
(c) Temples were used for strategic planning
The nane of thin B. Fillin the blanks.
than varler buihlin
Goth. wa lintinguahedd anhiletual ntyl I. Agra Fort was builtby.
WAN ol ntaiwad gla,
***************'********'********************
haracterineud by highpolnted arehes, thue u e 2 The Chandellas built the famou ************************ temples.
wilh drawn Irom tho Bble and tlying
llen painted
mvon
vinible trom
3. The Rajarajeshvara temple at Thanjavur had the tallest. ******* .
amongst the temples
towen whieh were
buttremes, Tall npiren ad bell of its time,
thecdueh
a distance adod to thegrandeurof this archittural tyle in *"*******tn***************sesr**ntms19 the "the village of the incline"
of Write (T) for true and (F) for false statements.
Oneof the bont kwn enanplon Wanconntruuled
through IMuslim rulers built many mosques which is adomed
thecurehof Notne Danme in P'artn.thirteenthcnturien hurch Of Notre Due
prayerhall.
Nvoral doalos in tho welth and 2. Baolis were domes that formeda characteristic feature of a
mosque.
3. The Qutb Minar had 399 steps and it is 72.9 m
high.
4. The monuments of Hyderabad stand out for their
Points To Remember minarets, and columns modelled on
use of pineapple like domes and
palm trees.
Medieval perlod in kunovwnfor itnavchilecture
Monunents like lorta, capltal citlen, galeways, motqen, tomplen or tombu are a lentimony to the Answer The Following
pwer and wealth of the emperor.
lorta, alacen and Bateways were constructed lor nalety and protection whie olhern were the Multiple Cholce Questions (MCQs) [Tick () the correct answers.]
.Whal arehavelis?
puble activity nueh an teplen, momquew, garden, tank,
structuren which were meant for wells, () magnilicent mansions which can have four courtyards
caravarn, tratis and bazadn
(b) huge auditoriums
Monuments of a particutar perind in hintory are recognined by the nlyle, denign and naterial used () guest houses or sarais for travellers
ike marbleor red vandatone
2. Whichof the following is
Arehes, domes, misarets and bakeonies were used n econutruction true about the Taj Mahal?
(a) Pure white marble is used.
Monuments were idecorated with floral or geometrie patterns, calligraphy along with pietra dura
(b) Minarets tilt away from the main structure
work
(c) Both (a) and (b)
Akbar's architectural achievement lay in Fatehpur Slkri, Jahangir nhowed interent in paintings and B.
Shah Jahan got the wonderous Taj Mahal made a maunoletum built in the memory of his Short Answer Questlons
wife Why
Mumtaz Mahal. Aurangzeb got a maunoleum built for hin wife which wan
plain and poor in temples constructed between B00-1200 CE
were many
mparison to the Taj. It in called Bbi Ka Maqbar 2 Write anote on baolis.
Why were
monuments constructed by rulers during the medieval period?
(02 Cordova Learning Series HISTORY7
Cordova Learning Serles HISTORY-7 63
 Why wvere monuments built by the Mughals more magniticent that those built by earlier rulers?
5. List tweouniqueteaturesof the Mughal monuments.
C. Long Answer Questions
1. How dida new and unique style of architecture emerge during the Sultanate P'eriod?
2 What were the architectural features of monuments constructed during the reign of Shah Jahan?
3. Regional architecture also excelled during the Mughal period. Prove that staterment true with
thehelpofexamples
4. Write anote on the inmportant structures and design of the Red Fort.
D. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions
1. Construction of monuments was for show ofstrength. Why was this important?
2 Why did emperors build publicplaces? What did they gain politically?
E. Value Corner
What is it that inspires you about the legacy that is left for us through the monuments?
Activity
Choose any one monument from the medieval period and research about it-from the emperor
who got it constructed to the architectural details. Stick to give visual expression to
pictures
your write-up.
Complete the crossword with the help of the clues. 3B
Across:
1. famous Jain temples at Mount Abu H H
2. red randstone was a favourite material with D L A
Down:
1. Humayun's tomb issituated in...**********
S
3. step-wells
4. apleasure resort with a lake in Delhi
5. these are magnificent mansions S
S
Surfing is Interesting
To learn more about the architecture during Delhi Sultanate, visit
http://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/ARTH303-DelhiSultanate-FINAL.pdf
To virtually tour Taj Mahal, visit
http://indiavrtours.com/agral he
es
Life Skill
Discussion
Monuments do not serve any positive purpose. In the times they were made, a lot of public money was To
acc
wasted and now they occupy prime locations and maintenance at high costs.
wer
64 Cordova Leaming Series HISTORY-7