DEP SPECIFICATION

DESIGN OF JETTY FACILITIES

(AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO
BS 6349-1, -1.1/ -1.3/ -1.4, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4)
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale

DEP 35.00.10.10-Gen.

February 2017

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

© 2017 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.

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PREFACE

DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell companies in oil and
gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility, and thereby to help
achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is typically granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1) Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2) Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3) Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)
which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
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GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 7
1.1 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 8
1.3 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 8
1.4 CROSS REFERENCES ........................................................................................... 12
1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES ............................................................................. 12
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP ..................................................................................... 13
1.7 DUAL UNITS............................................................................................................. 13
1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY) ............................................................ 13
PART II GENERAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................. 14
1.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 14
1.2 ALTERNATIVE CODES OF PRACTICE .................................................................. 14
PART III AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1 2000 MARITIME
STRUCTURES – PART 1 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GENERAL CRITERIA ...... 15
Section 4. Sea state ................................................................................................................... 15
21 Wave characteristics .............................................................................................. 15
21.1 Wave forms ............................................................................................................... 15
21.3 Sea state properties .................................................................................................. 15
22 Offshore wave climate ............................................................................................ 16
22.2 Wave prediction ........................................................................................................ 16
22.3 Wave decay and swell .............................................................................................. 16
24 Long waves ............................................................................................................. 17
24.4 Tsunamis .................................................................................................................. 17
26 Wave recording and analysis ................................................................................ 17
26.1 Existing data sources ................................................................................................ 17
26.2 Site measurements ................................................................................................... 17
26.3 Wave recorders......................................................................................................... 17
27 Extrapolation of wave data .................................................................................... 17
27.2 Extrapolation to extreme wave conditions ................................................................ 17
29 Harbour response ................................................................................................... 18
29.5 Physical models ........................................................................................................ 18
31 Acceptable wave conditions for moored ships ................................................... 18
31.3 Methods for determining acceptable sea states ....................................................... 18
31.4 Acceptable ship movements ..................................................................................... 19
31.5 Downtime .................................................................................................................. 20
Section 5. Loads, movements and vibrations ............................................................................ 20
34 Winds ....................................................................................................................... 20
35 Snow and ice ........................................................................................................... 20
36 Temperature variations .......................................................................................... 21
37 Tides and water level variations............................................................................ 21
38 Currents ................................................................................................................... 22
38.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 22
38.2 Steady drag force...................................................................................................... 22
39 Waves ....................................................................................................................... 22
39.2 Fatigue analysis ........................................................................................................ 22
39.3 Design wave parameters .......................................................................................... 22
39.4 Wave forces .............................................................................................................. 23
40 Earthquakes ............................................................................................................ 23

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42 Mooring .................................................................................................................... 24
42.2 Evaluation of mooring loads ..................................................................................... 24
45 Cargo handling and transport systems ................................................................ 26
45.3 Conveyors and pipelines .......................................................................................... 26
45.5 Road traffic................................................................................................................ 26
45.6 Rubber-tyred port vehicles ........................................................................................ 26
47 Movements and vibrations .................................................................................... 27
47.2 Assessment of movements ....................................................................................... 27
PART IV AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-1:2013 MARITIME WORKS -
GENERAL – CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR
OPERATIONS .......................................................................................................... 28
Section 2. The maritime environment ........................................................................................ 28
6 Meteorological and oceanographic considerations and data acquisition........ 28
6.2 Particular considerations for surveys and data analysis........................................... 28
8 Water levels ............................................................................................................. 28
11 Water quality ........................................................................................................... 29
11.5 Marine life ................................................................................................................. 29
12 Sediment transport ................................................................................................. 29
12.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 29
12.2 Assessing the present sediment transport regime ................................................... 29
Section 3. Safety and operational considerations ..................................................................... 29
14 Health and safety .................................................................................................... 29
19 Navigation channels and ship manoeuvring ....................................................... 30
19.2 Planning and design studies ..................................................................................... 30
19.3 Vertical channel and manoeuvring area dimensions ................................................ 30
19.4 Horizontal channel and manoeuvring area dimensions............................................ 30
20 Berths and mooring ................................................................................................ 31
20.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 31
21 Operability and weather downtime ....................................................................... 31
PART V AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-3:2012 MARITIME WORKS -
GENERAL – CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN ................... 32
Section 2. Site investigation ....................................................................................................... 32
4 General ..................................................................................................................... 32
5 Planning of ground investigations........................................................................ 32
5.5 Depth of boreholes.................................................................................................... 32
Section 3. Geotechnical design ................................................................................................. 32
15 Function and location of anchorages ................................................................... 32
17 Slopes ...................................................................................................................... 33
17.2 Slope stability and protection - Environmental factors.............................................. 33
17.9 Slope protection ........................................................................................................ 33
PART VI AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-4:2013 MARITIME WORKS -
GENERAL – CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MATERIALS.......................................... 34
4 Concrete .................................................................................................................. 34
4.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 34
4.4 Specification for materials and workmanship ........................................................... 34
5 Structural steel and other metals .......................................................................... 34
5.2 Structural steel .......................................................................................................... 35
6 Piles .......................................................................................................................... 36

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6.1 Bearing piles ............................................................................................................. 37

10 Stone for armouring or protection works ............................................................ 37
10.2 Grading ..................................................................................................................... 37
13 Protective measures ............................................................................................... 38
13.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 38
13.5 Sheathings and wrappings ....................................................................................... 38
14 Maintenance ............................................................................................................ 38
PART VII AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-2:2010 .......................................... 39
4 General design of berth structures ....................................................................... 39
4.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 39
4.3 General site conditions ............................................................................................. 39
4.4 Durability ................................................................................................................... 41
4.5 Services and equipment ........................................................................................... 41
5 Design situations for quays and jetties ................................................................ 41
5.2 Actions ...................................................................................................................... 41
5.3 Deflection control and deformations ......................................................................... 42
7 Gravity walls in quay and jetty construction ....................................................... 45
7.3 Design of gravity walls .............................................................................................. 45
7.4 Concrete blockwork walls ......................................................................................... 45
8 Suspended deck structures ................................................................................... 45
8.4 Types of structures ................................................................................................... 45
8.5 Overall stability.......................................................................................................... 46
8.8 Installation of piles .................................................................................................... 46
8.10 Design methods ........................................................................................................ 46
8.11 Loading considerations ............................................................................................. 46
8.12 Design of piles .......................................................................................................... 48
8.14 Drainage ................................................................................................................... 49
9 Dolphins ................................................................................................................... 50
9.1 Types of structure ..................................................................................................... 50
9.5 Mooring equipment ................................................................................................... 50
11 Pedestrian access................................................................................................... 51
11.4 Stairways .................................................................................................................. 51
11.5 Ladders ..................................................................................................................... 51
Annex A (normative) Partial factors and combinations of actions ................................... 52
A.3 Limit states ................................................................................................................ 52
PART VIII AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-4:2014 .......................................... 54
Section 2. Fendering .................................................................................................................. 54
4 General principles................................................................................................... 54
4.1 Provision and overall design of fendering systems .................................................. 54
4.2 Selection and design of fenders ............................................................................... 54
4.4 Fender layout for berths and other locations ............................................................ 54
5 Calculation of berthing energies ........................................................................... 56
5.2 Calculation of characteristic berthing energies for alongside berthing ..................... 56
6 Selection of fenders and fender types ................................................................. 57
6.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 57
6.3 Fenders using elastomeric units ............................................................................... 57
6.5 Pneumatic and foam-filled fenders ........................................................................... 57
6.6 Flexible dolphins ....................................................................................................... 58
6.9 Mounting and suspension ......................................................................................... 58
Section 3. Mooring ..................................................................................................................... 58

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9 Loads on mooring points ....................................................................................... 58

9.2 Calculation methods ................................................................................................. 58
10 On-shore mooring equipment ............................................................................... 58
10.5 Capstans ................................................................................................................... 58
PART IX REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 59
PART X BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................... 62

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PART I INTRODUCTION

1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specification gives requirements and recommendations for the design and
engineering of fixed marine facilities for ships loading and unloading of: crude oil, oil
products, LPG/LNG and petrochemical products.
Requirements for the design of topworks including piping, product transfer arms and other
mechanical and electrical installations are not explicitly included in this DEP. Requirement
for offshore structures are listed in separate DEPs, such as DEP 37.19.00.10-Gen.
Requirements for the design of buoy-moored marine facilities such as single point moorings
and other offshore loading facilities are outside the scope this DEP.
Part III of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-1:2000 Maritime structures -

Code of practice for general criteria

Part IV of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-1-1:2013 Maritime Works - General –

Code of practice for planning and design for operations

Part V of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-1-3:2012 Maritime Works - General

– Code of practice for geotechnical design

Part VI of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-1-4:2013 Maritime Works - General

– Code of practice for materials

Part VII of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-2:2010 Maritime Works

- Code of practice for the design of quay walls, jetties and
dolphins

Part VIII of this DEP is based on:

BS 6349-4:2014 Maritime Works

- Code of practice for design of fendering and mooring
systems

Parts III through VIII of this DEP amend, supplement and delete various clauses of
BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4. Parts III through VIII follow the clause numbering of
BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4 for easy reference.
All clauses of BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4 not modified by this DEP remain valid
as written.
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2015; see (1.5) regarding
the changes.

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1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them. Any authorised access to DEPs does not constitute access to any standards,
documents, data or information to which the DEPs may refer.
This DEP is intended for use in facilities related to oil and gas production, gas handling, oil
refining, chemical processing, gasification, liquefaction, distribution and supply/marketing.
This DEP may also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process shall be implemented;
this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements could be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regards to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases, the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.

1.3 DEFINITIONS
1.3.1 General definitions
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project, or operation or
maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the
Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that designs, manufactures or supplies equipment
and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
In BS 6349-1,-2 and -4, the term Vendor is used. In this DEP, the term Vendor shall be
understood to mean the Manufacturer/Supplier.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The word shall indicates a requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
The word may indicates a permitted option.

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1.3.2 Specific definitions

Terms and definitions are given in BS 6349-1-1:2013 Section 3.

Term Definition

Berth A location at which a ship can be held in position by means of mooring

lines and/or chains and fendering.
The last phase of the approach of a ship (“...to berth a ship...”).

Berth Equipment to monitor the operation of the berth in service and to assist
monitoring in berthing, de-berthing. Such systems may include docking aids,
systems mooring line load measurement and recording systems and systems for
recording and making available in real time metocean conditions at the
berth and approaches.

Breakwater A structure designed to provide shelter to the berth from waves and
currents.

Capital Dredging operations which are part of the construction/ expansion of the
dredging harbour/jetty to create sufficiently deep water for the intended purpose.

Catwalks A structure providing pedestrian access to a dolphin/ platform.

Causeway A solid, closed coastal structure (earth or rock dam or caissons) often
used to link the shoreline to the root of the trestle across shallow water.

Docking Aid System for measurement and display of velocity and position/orientation
of a ship during the berthing operation.

Dolphin An isolated structure or strong point used either to:

 manoeuvre a ship (turning dolphin), or to
 secure a ship and prevent it from moving away from a berth due to
wind, wave or current action (mooring dolphin), and/or to
 take the impact of a berthing ship and to hold it when being
pushed against a berth by wind, waves or current (breasting or berthing
dolphin).

Fender Provision primarily to absorb the berthing energy exerted by a berthing

Systems ship, and secondly to resist loads applied from a moored ship as part of
the mooring system, keeping the ship in place during loading/unloading
operations.

Jetty A fixed marine structure providing a berth or berths at some distance

from the shore. It can be linked to the shore by an approach structure or
be an island berth with product transfer by subsea pipeline. The
approach structure usually comprises a causeway and/or a trestle as
defined herein although other forms of construction are possible.

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Term Definition

Jetty All equipment, utilities, piping and appurtenances installed on the jetty
topworks (loading platforms, trestles) required for or in support of
loading/unloading of the ship (incl. personnel, stores etc.), transferring
the cargo to the shore and related safety installations.
Including but not necessarily limited to:
 Gangway towers
 Loading arms and/or equipment
 Fixed cranes
 Fire pumps
 Piping
 Fire monitors
 Berth monitoring systems

Life cycle cost The cumulative cost of a facility, which includes the costs of planning,
construction, maintenance, decommissioning and financing.

Loading Fixed platform directly adjacent to the berthing line capable of

platform accommodating the relevant equipment, piping and appurtenances
required for loading or unloading the ship (incl. personnel and stores)
including related safety installations.
For smaller vessels the loading platform can also be used as berthing
and mooring point.

Maintenance Dredging operations that are required to keep sufficiently deep water for
dredging the intended purpose during the operating phase.

Marine General description encompassing all facilities required to receive ships

facilities at a marine terminal or offshore including but not limited to fixed marine
facilities, single point mooring facilities, and (offshore) loading
structures.

Mooring Bollards and quick release hooks (including capstans, base structure,
equipment fairleads, rings and auxiliary) installed on the mooring and breasting
dolphin or loading platform to secure a vessel.

Navigation Moving a ship along a defined course.

Navigation Facilities to assist in the navigation process, such as buoys, landmarks,

aids lights, radar beacons and systems, etc.

Operating The maximum combination of environmental conditions in which marine

limits operations can proceed (loading, unloading, berthing, arrival and
departure) as defined in the facility’s operating procedures.

Port A harbour or place by the sea, or by a river or other waterway, where

ships and boats can dock, load, and unload.

Trestle A piled multi-span bridge structure connecting the loading platform to

the shore or causeway to provide vehicular or pedestrian access and/or
to support pipes or conveyors.

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Figure 1 Nomenclature for jetty components

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1.3.3 Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in this DEP. Other abbreviations are defined at the
first place of use.

Term Definition

BDP Basic Design Package

BFD/BOD Basis for/of Design

CIRIA Construction Industry Research and Information Association (UK)

CUR Centre of Civil Engineering Research and Codes (The Netherlands)

DMA Dynamic Mooring Analysis

EAU Empfehlungen des Arbeitsausschusses “Ufereinfassungen”; (Germany)

Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures,
Harbours and Waterways

EPC Engineering, Procurement and Construction

FEED Front End Engineering and Design

ISGOTT International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals

OCIMF Oil Companies International Marine Forum

PIANC Permanent International Association for Navigation Conferences, which

now refers to itself as “The World Association for Waterborne Transport
Infrastructure”

ROM Recomendaciones Obras Maritimas (Spanish Maritime Works

Recommendation)

SIGTTO Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators Ltd.

1.4 CROSS REFERENCES

Where cross-references to other parts of this DEP are made, the referenced section or
clause number is shown in brackets ( ). Other documents directly referenced in this DEP
are listed in (Part IX).
Listed in (Part X) are documents on which certain requirements in this DEP have been
based. In the text of this DEP, such references are identified by [Ref. x], where x denotes
the reference number included in (Part X).

1.5 SUMMARY OF MAIN CHANGES

This DEP is a full revision of the DEP of the same number dated February 2015. The
following are the main, non-editorial changes.

Section/Clause Change
All Restructured and clarified requirements, enforced shall/should,
assigned numbers to Tables and Equations.

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1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be submitted to the Administrator using one of the following
options:

Shell DEPs Online Enter the Shell DEPs Online system at

https://www.shelldeps.com
(Users with access to
Select a DEP and then go to the details screen for
Shell DEPs Online)
that DEP.
Click on the “Give feedback” link, fill in the online
form and submit.

DEP Feedback System Enter comments directly in the DEP Feedback

System which is accessible from the Technical
(Users with access to
Standards Portal http://sww.shell.com/standards.
Shell Wide Web)
Select “Submit DEP Feedback”, fill in the online form
and submit.

DEP Standard Form Use DEP Standard Form 00.00.05.80-Gen. to record

feedback and email the form to the Administrator at
(other users)
[email protected].

Feedback that has been registered in the DEP Feedback System by using one of the above
options will be reviewed by the DEP Custodian for potential improvements to the DEP.

1.7 DUAL UNITS

This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.

1.8 NON NORMATIVE TEXT (COMMENTARY)

Text shown in italic style in this DEP indicates text that is non-normative and is provided as
explanation or background information only.
Non-normative text is normally indented slightly to the right of the relevant DEP clause.

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PART II GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 GENERAL
Parts III through VIII of this DEP are written as amendments and supplements to
BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4 as follows:

Part III BS 6349-1:2000 Maritime Works - General

– Code of practice for materials

Part IV BS 6349-1.1:2013 Maritime structures -

Code of practice for general criteria

Part V BS 6349-1-3:2012 Maritime Works - General –

Code of practice for planning and design for
operations

Part VI BS 6349-1-4:2013 Maritime Works - General

– Code of practice for geotechnical design

Part VII BS 6349-2:2010 Maritime Works

- Code of practice for the design of quay walls,
jetties and dolphins

Part VIII BS 6349-4:2014 Maritime Works

- Code of practice for design of fendering and
mooring systems

Wherever reference is made to BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4, it is intended to

mean BS 6349-1:2000, BS 6349-1-1:2013, BS 6349-1-3:2012, BS 6349-1-4:2013,
BS 6349-2:2010, and BS 6349-4:2014 as amended/supplemented by this DEP.
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4
has been used throughout Part III through VIII of this DEP.
1. Clauses in BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4, which are not mentioned in this
DEP, shall remain valid as written.
2. Refer to DEP 34.00.01.30-Gen. and the amendments and supplements to BS 6349-2
for Structural design and engineering of jetties.
3. Reference to structural design to BS EN Eurocodes in BS 6349-2 is amended by this
DEP and shall include the requirements of DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen. for reinforced
concrete structures and DEP 34.28.00.31-Gen for Onshore steel structures.

1.2 ALTERNATIVE CODES OF PRACTICE

1. For countries that do not adopt BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2 and BS 6349-4, alternative
national codes and design standards that meet the minimum requirements of those of
BS 6349-1, BS 6349-2, BS 6349-4 and this DEP shall be used.
2. For the US, ASCE Standard 61-14: Seismic Design of Piers and Wharves shall be
used.

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PART III AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1 2000 MARITIME STRUCTURES –

PART 1 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GENERAL CRITERIA

Section 4. Sea state

21 Wave characteristics

21.1 Wave forms

Replace in third paragraph, last sentence:
For certain applications in these situations sinusoidal wave theory or solitary wave
theory can give a better idealization of the wave behaviour than sinusoidal theory.
with:
1. Wave characteristics shall be determined with reference to Clause 21.2 of BS
6349-1:2000.
a. In shallow waters, except for straight coastlines with a gentle bathymetry,
parallel depth contours and uniform wave fields, the evaluation of wave
characteristics shall be carried out by physical or comprehensive
mathematical modelling, which is based on streamline function theories,
such as the Rienecker-Fenton theory [Ref. 4].

21.3 Sea state properties

21.3.8 Return period and design wave condition
Add at the end of the last paragraph:
1. Fixed coastal structures designed deterministically according to BS 6349-2 and
(Part VII) of this DEP shall be designed on the basis of the wave conditions for
extreme events of return period set out in Table 21.1 below in this DEP
Specification.
2. Design shall be based on the most adverse combination of extreme wave and
water level conditions of the specified storm event return period:
a. The joint probability analysis of wave conditions shall be evaluated from
extreme low to extreme high still water levels (refer to Clause 37 in BS 6349-
1:2000).
3. In the absence of a site-specific joint probability study, extreme wave, wind and
surge elevation shall be:
a. assumed to be fully correlated and,
b. the independently assessed extreme values for the specified return period
considered to act simultaneously.
4. Wind loads on maritime structures shall be calculated according to EN 1991-1-4,
which is based on a return period of 50 years.
Refer also to Clause 34 in BS 6349-1:2000 for gust values.

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Table 21.1 Return periods of design extreme wave conditions

Design Facility usage and damage Indicative Return period of design

working consequence description design wave conditions
life working life (years)
category (years)
Persistent Accidental
Design (Overload)
Situation Design
(Ultimate Situation
Limit State) (Ultimate
Limit State)
Temporary structures, materials
1 offloading facility or non- critical 10 25 -
structures where loss or damage
would not present a high threat to (1)
2 plant operations. 25 50 -

Jetties or fixed structures for (1) (2)

2 25 50 500
loading or offloading of
hydrocarbons or petrochemicals
3 where loss or damage would have a 50 100 500
(2)
major impact on plant operations.
1. The value for the return period is taken as 50 years is in line with the standard recommended value in BS 6349-1 (refer
to Clauses 37, 38 and 39) for general marine infrastructure and consistent with Eurocode limit state partial factor
design. If designing structures to API RP 2A, the use of a return period equal to several times the design working life
of the facility with a minimum of 100 years is recommended for permanently manned structures for the oil and gas
industry.
2. This condition is required to mitigate the risk of disproportionate damage of business critical infrastructure under low
probability events, particularly if slamming forces are experienced by jetty deck structures.

22 Offshore wave climate

22.2 Wave prediction

22.2.1 General
Replace the last sentence in the second paragraph with:
1. Such wave forecasts shall be supplemented and validated with wave
observations made from ships [Ref. 18], satellites and, when required by the
Principal, with direct wave recordings at the location of interest (refer to Clause
26 in BS 6349-1:2000).

22.3 Wave decay and swell

Delete the last two sentences of the first paragraph and replace with:
The global wave hindcast models include information on the decay and propagation
of swell waves outside the fetch areas.
1. A wave recorder shall be installed at the site of interest to validate the information
taken from the global wave models unless otherwise agreed with the Principal.
a. In such cases the range of wave periods in the spectral analysis should be
set in line with the anticipated maximum, depending on the fetch length.

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24 Long waves

24.4 Tsunamis
Add at end of paragraph:
1. Following a risk assessment, a dedicated assessment of possible design water
levels and run-up for tsunamis shall be carried out in specialist studies.
a. Refer to DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen. for details on required tsunami hazard
assessments.

26 Wave recording and analysis

26.1 Existing data sources

Add at end of paragraph:
1. Refer to other international and local sources of data, where available.

26.2 Site measurements

Replace in sixth paragraph, last sentence:
Recording periods of 10 min to 15 min at intervals of 8 h are usually sufficient for
derivation of design storms or swell wave data.
with:
Recording periods of 10 min to 15 min at a minimum interval of 3 h are usually
sufficient for derivation of design storms or swell wave data.

26.3 Wave recorders

26.3.4 Directional systems
Add at the start of the first paragraph:
1. Wave recording shall include the measurement of direction of waves and swells.

27 Extrapolation of wave data

27.2 Extrapolation to extreme wave conditions

27.2.1 Reliability of extrapolations
Add to the end of the last paragraph:
1. If extrapolations are carried out on the basis of a 12-month measurement period
cycle only, hindcast studies or other studies shall be carried out to:
a. ascertain whether the considered year is representative;
b. develop a method for determining an appropriate approach to extrapolation
to extreme values.
2. For regions subject to the influence of tropical and extra- tropical cyclones (also
referred to locally as hurricanes and typhoons), a site or region specific cyclone
study shall be carried out to determine extreme values of wave conditions.

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29 Harbour response

29.5 Physical models

Replace in second paragraph:
The physical model has the advantage over mathematical models because it is able to
determine harbour response in the presence of the combined effects of wave
diffraction, refraction and reflection. In addition, because it is a direct attempt to
reproduce reality on a smaller scale, it automatically describes various secondary
physical effects, which can only be added to the indirect mathematical model once
they are identified and described theoretically.
with:
Because it is a direct attempt to reproduce reality on a smaller scale, the physical
model has the advantage that it can describe various secondary physical effects,
which can only be added to the indirect mathematical model once they are
identified and described theoretically. This is provided that the model set-up
correctly represents the relevant features of the site, such as bathymetry, bottom
friction, extent of area, wave conditions, etc.

31 Acceptable wave conditions for moored ships

31.3 Methods for determining acceptable sea states

31.3.1 General
Add to last paragraph:
1. Analytical methods shall not be used for assessment of the non-linear behaviour
of a moored ship in shallow waters, unless these methods have been proven to
be accurate.
31.3.3 Analytical methods
Delete this entire clause.
31.3.4 Mathematical models
Replace paragraph 2 (starting with “If the assumption is made…..”), para 3, para 4 and
para 5 with:
1. Mathematical models are available which can deal with the non-linear
characteristics of mooring lines, hydrodynamic damping and interacting wave
fields. Such models are based on a time-domain analysis of the response, and
shall be used in the evaluation of moored ship dynamic response.
a. Quasi-static models shall only be used for sheltered sites (i.e., no wave
action) and are subject to approval by the Principal.
2. For complex conditions where mathematical models do not accurately allow for
accurate simulation of dynamic response of moored ships, then physical
modelling shall be carried out to evaluate dynamic response.
Conditions in which mathematical models are inaccurate include:
 shallow water (low under keel clearance);
 sloping seabed;
 strongly refracting or diffracting incident wave fields.

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31.4 Acceptable ship movements

31.4.2 Limits imposed by safety
Add to the first paragraph:
1. For berths for oil and gas tankers, Operating Limits for wind, waves and currents
shall be determined so as not to exceed the acceptable mooring line forces, as
set out in the OCIMF Mooring Equipment Guidelines 3rd Edition (MEG3) [Ref. 5]
as follows:
a. The mooring facilities provided at the berth shall permit the largest ship
which is to be accommodated to remain safely moored alongside in the
maximum environmental Operating Limits established for the specific site;
b. The wind and current forces on the ship shall be calculated for the wind and
current conditions under which the ship could remain moored at the berth,
using the procedures covered in Section 2 of [Ref. 5]:
i. At exposed locations, the impact of dynamic wave load effects shall be
considered in addition to the calculation of static loads;
ii. Most probable maximum (MPM) loads shall be assessed when
establishing allowable load criteria for moorings (see Section 2.5 of
[Ref. 5]).
c. Allowable loads in any wire mooring line should not exceed 55% of its
Minimum Breaking Load (MBL):
i. For synthetic lines, except polyamide (nylon), loads should not exceed
50% of the line's MBL;
ii. For polyamide, loads should not exceed 45% of the line's MBL to allow
for strength loss when wet.
Add to the last paragraph:
2. The values indicated in Table 2 in BS 6349-1:2000 shall not be used for ship
sizes above the indicated value of 8000 DWT.
31.4.3 Limits imposed by cargo handling
Delete in Table 3 the row for gas tankers.
Add to second paragraph:
1. Loading arm design shall be based on DEP 31.06.15.10-Gen., which are
based on the standard practice of defining a required loading arm envelope
on the basis of envisaged vessel excursions rather than imposing maximum
motion criteria.
a. The required input on vessel excursions shall follow from a moored
ship evaluation under maximum operational conditions when berthed
and will thereby supercede the values in Table 3.

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31.5 Downtime
Delete last sentence of paragraph:
In the oil and gas industry a limit of 10% on an annual basis is the norm.
Add to this paragraph:
1. Weather downtime shall be assessed taking into account the following which are
derived from navigation studies and moored ship analyses:
a. the complete sequence of operations (arrival, berthing, moored ship,
(un)loading, de-berthing, departure;
b. the corresponding limiting environmental (weather, sea state, currents)
conditions.
2. Downtime analysis results should:
a. be presented as a value for the downtime ratio (duration of berth weather
downtime/total duration, expressed as a percentage);
b. include a statistical presentation of downtime persistency and on seasonal
and annual variations.
The acceptable downtime values give consideration to the overall storage,
loading and logistics of the terminal and associated shipping operations.

Section 5. Loads, movements and vibrations

34 Winds
Replace the first sentence of the second paragraph with:
1. In the case of moored ships, the averaging period used for assessment of wind-
induced mooring loads shall take into account:
a. the time needed for full mooring line loads to develop;
b. the inertia of the vessel.
2. Design mooring loads caused by wind acting on moored oil and gas carriers at
jetties shall be evaluated in accordance with [Ref 5] and:
a. the 30 sec mean wind speed shall be taken for the ship in ballasted
condition;
b. the 60 sec mean wind speed shall be taken for the ship in loaded condition.
Add to last paragraph:
3. Wind actions acting directly on the maritime structures shall be calculated in
accordance with EN 1991-1-4 and with reference to section 8.11.3 of BS 6349-
2:2010.

35 Snow and ice

Add to last paragraph:
1. Reference shall be made to ISO 19906, API RP 2N or other applicable regional
code for assessment of the mechanical properties of ice and the principles of the
assessment of ice loads on maritime structures.

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36 Temperature variations
Add to last paragraph:
1. Different values shall be applied in other regions around the world, with design
temperatures as determined by the local climate.
2. The forces resulting from pipe line expansion shall be evaluated on the basis of
the following operating temperatures:
a. LNG product: -163 °C (-261 °F);
b. C3 product (propane): -45 °C (-49 °F);
c. C4 product (butane): -5 °C (+23 °F);
d. LPG: ambient and pressurised or at temperature as given by Basis for
Design;
e. Oil, oil products and chemical products, often ambient or as given by the
Basis for Design;
f. Vapour return: from ambient to slightly above the product temperatures
depending on the fill ratio of the tanks.
The axial pipe anchor force results from pipe friction effects and pipe line
expansion.
3. Friction forces shall be determined on the basis of a Coulomb slip friction model,
resulting in horizontal forces equal to the friction ratio multiplied by the vertical
load on support.
a. Full friction shall be considered unless it can be demonstrated that the
operational load for multiple line configurations is less than the sum of
design values for individual lines.

37 Tides and water level variations

Replace entire first paragraph with:
1. Maritime structures shall be designed to withstand the effects of the extreme
range of still water level from extreme low water (ELW) to extreme high water
(EHW) expected during the design life of the structure taking into account:
a. the astronomical tidal range;
b. the effects of storm surge;
c. long term sea level rise;
d. purpose of the structure;
e. accepted probability of occurrence (see Clause 21.3.8).
2. The extremes of still water for permanent jetties shall have a return period of not
less than 50 years.

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38 Currents

38.1 General
Replace entire first paragraph with:
1. For structural design purposes the extreme current speed shall be established
with reference to the purpose of the structure and the accepted probability of
occurrence (see Clause 21.3.8),
2. The return period shall not be less than 50 years for permanent structures.
Methods of determining water movement are described in Clause 11 of
BS 6349-1:2000.

38.2 Steady drag force

Add to the end of fifth paragraph (paragraph starting with “Values of current drag force for
circular section piles...”):
1. The k-value indicated in Figure 19 represents the peak to valley height of hard
growth, and shall be taken as 0.05 mm (0.002 inch) for clean painted sections
(i.e., sections above High Water levels).
a. Below high water level the k-value shall be taken to represent rough piles,
as marine growth below this level will cause the piles to act as rough piles.
2. The following values shall be used in the design of circular steel piles:
a. CD = 0.7 for coated pile sections above High Water line;
b. CD = 1.05 for sections below the High Water line.

39 Waves

39.2 Fatigue analysis

Add to last paragraph:
1. The fatigue analysis shall evaluate the effect of hot spot stresses where relevant
(e.g., in connections of tubulars in a jacket structure).
2. Reference shall be made to API RP 2A Section 5 for US or EN 1993-1-9 Section
7 for other regions for the evaluation of applicable values for Ni.

39.3 Design wave parameters

Replace the first paragraph with:
1. For ultimate load analysis of structures having quasi-static response
characteristics to wave loading (see Clause 32.2), the design wave parameters
required for the purposes of this clause shall be the height and period of the
average maximum incident wave having a return period in line with Table 21.1
(see Clause 21).

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39.4 Wave forces

39.4.1 General
Replace last paragraph with:
1. Linear wave theory shall be used for deepwater.
2. In shallow water, where the depth to deep water wave length ratio, d/L0, is less
than 0.1, one of the following theories shall be used:
a. solitary wave theory or,
b. stream function or,
c. conoidal wave theory.
Details of these theories are given [Ref. 5], [Ref. 7].
In shallow water the wave form starts to deviate significantly from sinusoidal.
Replace values for maximum and minimum pressure in Figure 21:

Pmax = pgd + (pg Hinc) / (cosh (2d/L))

Pmin = pgd – (pg Hinc) / (cosh (2d/L))

with:

Pmax = gd + (g Hinc) / (cosh (2d/L))

Pmax = gd - (g Hinc) / (cosh (2d/L))

39.4.4 Morison’s equation

Add to last paragraph:
1. These equations shall apply to deep water conditions only, and are not applicable
to extreme waves on jetty structures.
2. The orbital velocities and accelerations of extreme waves shall be assessed on
the basis of more advanced theories such as stream function theories [Ref 7,
section 4.2.4.3].

40 Earthquakes
Delete this entire clause and replace with:
1. Refer to DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen. to characterize applicable seismic design ground
accelerations.
2. Performance criteria for seismic design shall be defined taking into account:
a. local regulatory requirements;
b. type of operations proposed to be undertaken.
3. The risk of liquefaction of the subsoil and of reclamation fills due to earthquakes
shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendations on the assessment
of risks of liquefaction as included in [Ref. 8].

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42 Mooring

42.2 Evaluation of mooring loads

Delete this clause starting from the second paragraph (paragraph starting with “For vessels
larger than 20 000 t loaded displacement….”) and replace with:
1. For tankers and gas carriers larger than 20 000 t loaded displacement, specific
calculations shall be carried out to determine the probable maximum mooring
loads, taking account of the number, patterns, characteristics and pre-tensions of
the mooring lines.
a. The anticipated loads on the moored ships shall be based on the
recommendations included in [Ref. 5] supplemented by computer modelling
as set out in Clause 31.4.2, of BS 6349-1:2000 as modified in (Part III) of
this DEP.
2. Actions due to mooring loads for structural design of the jetty shall be derived for
the design situations set out in Clause 5.2.2 of BS 6349-2 as modified by (Part
VII) of this DEP.
3. The basis for the actions on mooring structures for oil, gas and product tankers
over 20,000 t displacement using quick release hooks shall follow Table 42.2.

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Table 42.2: Basis of design loads on structures carrying multiple lines

Environment Basis of design loads on mooring structures

(N=number of hooks per mooring structure)
Normal Operating Conditions Accidental or Overload Operating
Condition
Sheltered Harbour Most onerous of: Most onerous of:
Environment (a) Probable maximum loads (a) 2 x MBL = 2 lines at minimum
(wave or swell calculated by mooring analysis breaking load (N1)
penetration or from the Operating Limits for
passing ship the range of ships and mooring
effects do not line types and patterns for the (b) N x 0.8 x MBL (winch design brake
cause significant facility; holding load for lines on other
ship response, hooks) unless otherwise
loads estimated determined by the Principal from
by static mooring (b) 2 x 0.6 x MBL = 2 lines at site and operation specific risk-
analysis) winch break nominal holding assessment (for N4 use 3 x N x
load (N2) 0.8 MBL+ (N-3) x 0.6 x MBL)

(c) 1 x MBL = 1 line at minimum

breaking load (N=1 only)
Normal Operating Conditions Accidental or Overload Operating
Condition
Exposed Most onerous of: Most onerous of:
Environment (a) N x 0.6 x MBL = all lines at (a) 2 x MBL = 2 lines at minimum
(wave or swell winch break nominal holding breaking load (N1)
penetration or load.
passing ship
effects do cause (b) N x 0.8 x MBL (winch design brake
significant ship (b) 2 x 0.8 x MBL = 2 lines at holding load for lines on other
response, loads winch design brake holding hooks) unless otherwise
estimated by load; determined by the Principal from
dynamic mooring site and operation specific risk-
analysis) assessment (for N4 use 3 x N x
(c) 1 x MBL = 1 line at minimum 0.8 x MBL + (N-3) x 0.6 x MBL)
breaking load (N=1 only)

Note 1.

1. Where required to further optimize design as an alternative to cases (a) & (b), mooring point loads shall be
calculated by dynamic mooring analysis in which case the design load shall be the maximum* load
occurring for an individual mooring structure under conditions equivalent to the Operating Limits.
* The load with 1 % probability of exceedance in the period simulated in the dynamic mooring
analysis (averaged over a minimum 3 hours of real time).

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4. The environmental conditions and water levels applicable for derivation of design
loadings by mooring analysis for the normal operating condition shall be not less
than the Operating Limits for the operation under evaluation.
For preliminary design purposes, prior to the definition of the Operating Limits
or where not specified in the Operating Procedures typically the environmental
conditions applicable to the normal operating condition are winds, waves and
currents with a return period of 1 year in combination with water levels in the
range Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) to Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT).
5. Fender lean-on forces shall be calculated based on the results of a moored ship
analysis for the operating conditions evaluated in the design situation.
6. For jetties with bollards or non winched arrangement, bollards shall be provided
in accordance with BS 6349-4, Clause 10.

45 Cargo handling and transport systems

45.3 Conveyors and pipelines

Add to paragraph:
1. Loads from pipelines shall include the effects of surge pressures resulting from
Emergency Shut Down scenarios at export jetties.

45.5 Road traffic

Add to paragraph:
1. The jetty access roadway on the trestle and loading platform shall be designed
for a 3 tonne (6600 lb) personnel or small goods vehicle unless otherwise
specified or required for the construction of the jetty in the project specification.
2. The horizontal loads of vehicles shall be calculated to be 25% and 30% of the
vertical loads, to account for acceleration and braking effects respectively.

45.6 Rubber-tyred port vehicles

45.6.1 General
Add to paragraph:
1. Jetty structures shall be designed for the mobile cranes required for any
maintenance on the trestle structure and loading platform.
45.6.5 Mobile cranes
Add to paragraph:
1. The jetty trestle and loading platform shall be designed to meet the the jetty
facility and equipment maintenance philosophy including mobile crane access.
2. Unless otherwise specified in project specifications; jetties for LNG loading or
unloading shall be designed for the following mobile crane loads:
a. Access trestle:
i. 25 tonne (55,000 lb) SWL mobile crane in lifting mode without
outriggers;
ii. 50 tonne (110,000 lb) SWL mobile crane in travelling mode.
b. Loading platform:
i. 50 tonne (110,000 lb) SWL mobile crane in lifting mode with outriggers.

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47 Movements and vibrations

47.2 Assessment of movements

47.2.2 Cyclic loads
1. Table heading Depth below seabed in the table on marine growth, below Table 18
shall be replaced by Depth below LAT.

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PART IV AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-1:2013 MARITIME WORKS - GENERAL

– CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR OPERATIONS

Section 2. The maritime environment

6 Meteorological and oceanographic considerations and data acquisition

COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 6
Add:
1. A minimum 10 year (preferred 20 years) continuous time series of metocean
conditions shall be obtained at the early design stages (Assess/Select) of the
project and be confirmed during subsequent design development (FEED/Define
Stage).
2. Data collection and analysis shall be performed for all relevant meteorological
and oceanographic parameters including extreme and operating conditions and
seasonal and annual variations in conditions.
Add new section:
Lightning
1. Refer to DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen. section 6.6 for electrical isolation of jetties.

6.2 Particular considerations for surveys and data analysis

6.2.2 Meteorological data acquisition
6.2.2.4 Visibility
Add:
1. Visibility data should be collected and assessed for its effect on weather
downtime for the marine facilities.

8 Water levels
COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 8
Add:
1. Design of jetties in areas remote from existing tidal monitoring stations with tidal
differences in excess of 2 m (6.5 ft) shall be based on full astronomical tidal
predictions through the 18.6 year tidal cycle relative to mean sea level.
a. Tidal data acquired by site-specific tidal measurements and analysis shall be
carried out during preliminary design.
2. Tide tables shall be updated for the operation of the facilities through evaluation
of:
a. water levels recorded throughout the construction period of the jetty;
b. comprehensive tidal analysis.

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11 Water quality

11.5 Marine life

Add:
1. Intake velocities and velocity gradients shall be reduced to minimise the risk of
marine life such as fish, turtles, etc. being drawn into the intake screens.
2. Drag factors, wave and current loading shall be determined taking into account
the marine growth on piles.

12 Sediment transport

12.1 General
Add:
1. An assessment shall be made of the anticipated effect on sediment transport
processes and shoreline morphology in the following:
a. selection of the location, form and layout of the jetty structure, and;
b. to the sedimentation at the berth and approaches and;
c. the consequent need for maintenance dredging.
The scope and methodology of the assessment may include desk studies, field
data collection, comparison of historical aerial or satellite imagery and
numerical modelling

12.2 Assessing the present sediment transport regime

12.2.4 Local currents and wave conditions
Add:
1. The impact of the jetty/causeway structure on coastline and river bank erosion,
accretion and morphology shall be evaluated.
Refer to PIANC Minimising harbour siltation [Ref. 19] for guidance on
strategies for design and operation of marine facilities to minimise the
requirements for maintenance dredging arising from sediment accretion in
muddy environments.

Section 3. Safety and operational considerations

14 Health and safety

Add:
1. Refer to ISGOTT 5th Edition, International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and
Terminals (2006) by ICS, OCIMF and IAPH and PIANC MarCom Working Group
116, Safety Aspects of Berthing Operations of Oil & Gas Tankers [Ref. 27] for the
Health and safety requirements.

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19 Navigation channels and ship manoeuvring

19.2 Planning and design studies

Add:
1. The following shall be addressed according to the risk-based approach in the
PIANC MarCom Working Group 116, Safety Aspects of Berthing Operations of
Oil and Gas Tankers [Ref. 27].
a. layout, alignment and dimensions planning and design of approach
channels;
b. the particular requirements of oil and gas tanker operations.

19.3 Vertical channel and manoeuvring area dimensions

Add:
1. The nautical depth approach in the design of new channels used by oil and gas
carriers shall only be adopted in exceptional circumstances, for example when
there are environmental constraints on dredging and high sedimentation rates.

19.4 Horizontal channel and manoeuvring area dimensions

19.4.1 Alignment and width of channels
Add:
For preliminary design purposes, the width of the approach channel is normally
assessed on the basis of the recommendations included in [Ref. 3] for the section
where no tugs are used or are effective.
1. The width of the approach channel shall be confirmed with navigation studies as
Clause 18.2 of BS 6349 Part 1-1:2013, if:
a. the final width of the approach channel is less than the value concluded from
[Ref. 3] or;
b. where it may be appropriate to reduce the width in view of the availability of
tug assistance.
19.4.2 Harbour entrances and manoeuvring areas
Add to NOTE 3:
1. If tug assistance is available, then the preliminary layout of turning areas should
be based upon a circle of diameter of two times the length of the ship.
2. Design of a turning area shall be verified by navigation simulations, taking into
account the limiting environmental conditions and the proximity of other facilities
and hazards.
19.4.3 Numerical simulation methods for channel and manoeuvring area spatial design
Add:
1. The environmental Operating Limits for the facility shall be determined by
numerical simulation studies, in order to inform design-stage assessment of
weather downtime for the operations envisaged at the facility.

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20 Berths and mooring

20.1 General
Add to NOTE 1:
1. Jetty-based and hand-held electronic instrument systems shall be provided on all
new LNG, LPG and VLCC jetties to indicate approach velocity and distance from
the jetty during this manoeuvre.
2. Provision of approach velocity monitoring systems should be evaluated for jetties
handling smaller liquid cargo ships where berthing operations are difficult or
critical.

21 Operability and weather downtime

COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 21
Add:
1. Metocean conditions shall be defined for the assessment of expected weather
downtime occurrence and persistency at the proposed location of a new or
expanded jetty.
2. Metocean conditions derived by hindcasting or other forms of numerical
modelling shall be validated with actual site measurements during project
development.

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PART V AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-3:2012 MARITIME WORKS - GENERAL

– CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN

Section 2. Site investigation

4 General
Add to end of clause:
1. Refer to DEP 34.11.00.10-Gen. for the requirements and procedures for the
investigation of sub-surface conditions by means of trial pits, trenches, shafts,
boreholes and geophysical surveying.

5 Planning of ground investigations

5.5 Depth of boreholes

Add to end of clause:
1. As a minimum boreholes for bearing piles should be advanced at least 5 times
the pile diameter below the envisaged pile toe level.
2. The depth of all boreholes shall be based on:
a. the local geology and variability in soil conditions;
b. design uncertainties;
c. potential future design changes and dredging/excavation works.

Section 3. Geotechnical design

15 Function and location of anchorages

COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 15
Add to commentary:
1. Rock anchors under tension piles in jetties shall be designed in accordance with
BS 8081.
2. The failure mode for anchors shall be half angles starting from the midpoint of the
fixed length at a maximum angle of 30°.
a. If the anchor is provided with an end stopper plate, the angles may start
from the bottom end of the anchor.
This approach is contrary to and superceeds the modes of failure indicated in
BS 6349 Part 1 Clause 53.2 Figure 60 and Figure 61.
3. Refer to Tomlinson [Ref. 10] for an appropriate design method for piles anchored
in rock overlain by an overburden layer.
a. T-z curve effects shall be evaluated when assessing the total capacity of a
rock anchor in a pile, driven through an overburden with side friction.

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17 Slopes

17.2 Slope stability and protection - Environmental factors

17.2.1 Design principles
Replace the first paragraph with the following:
1. The values of c’ and ’ shall be obtained from drained shear strength tests, or
from undrained tests with pore pressure measurements.
The pore pressure has a critical effect on the shearing resistance that can be
mobilised on the potential plane of sliding.

17.9 Slope protection

17.9.1 General
Replace this clause with:
1. Slope protection against erosion by currents, waves, surface and subsoil water
shall be designed in accordance with CIRIA/CUR, The Rock Manual (The use of
rock in hydraulic engineering) [Ref. 7].

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PART VI AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-1-4:2013 MARITIME WORKS - GENERAL

– CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MATERIALS

4 Concrete

4.1 General
Delete entire clause 4.1 and replace with:
1. Refer to DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen. for the design and execution of reinforced
concrete structures.
2. Design of and selection of materials for reinforced and plain concrete jetties shall
take into account the environmental conditions affecting constructability and
durability of maritime structures which are usually more severe than for land-
based structures.
3. Selection of cement types, concrete grade, maximum water cement ratio and
minimum cover to reinforcement shall take into account the exposure
classification set out in Clause 4.3.3 of BS 6349-1-4:2013.
4. Reference should be made to best practice from published industry guidelines
including [Ref. 25], [Ref 26].

4.4 Specification for materials and workmanship

4.4.1 Cement
Delete first and second paragraph of clause 4.4.1 and replace with the following:
1. Refer to DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen for Cements, cement replacements, blends and
combinations.
2. The choice of cement type or combination for reinforced concrete for jetties and
coastal marine structures shall be evaluated taking into account:
a. the exposure conditions;
b. cover and service life appropriate to local marine and climatic conditions;
c. local availability of different cement types.
Add new clause:
Concrete in adverse conditions
1. Special requirements such as water chilling may can be imposed on concrete
materials, concrete mixes and concrete production, casting and curing for
construction in cold climates, Arctic conditions, tropical conditions, hot-dry
conditions or any other specific aggressive environment.
a. These requirements shall be formulated in accordance with local conditions
and experiences and published industry guidelines.
2. Refer to CIRIA Report CS 163 [Ref. 23] and DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen. for the
design of concrete in hot dry conditions.

5 Structural steel and other metals

COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 5
Keep first sentence and replace the rest of third paragraph with the following:
1. Corrosion control of jetty piling and fully or partially immersed steel structures
shall be a combination of coating, cathodic protection and corrosion allowance
depending on the anticipated corrosion rates.

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5.2 Structural steel

5.2.2 Corrosion rates
1. Table 5.5.2.shall be applied for corrosion rate in jetty piling replacing NOTE 1 in the
clause.
Table 5.5.2: Design corrosion rates for structural steel in jetty piling

Design loss of thickness rate per corroding surface for

1)
design working life mm/yr (inch/yr)

Common Very Sea water Sea water

fresh water polluted in extra- in tropical
(river, ship fresh water tropical climate
canal, ....) (sewage, temperate
industrial climate
effluent, ....)
Atmospheric non-maritime (above 0.04 0.04 - -
splash zone) (0.002) (0.002)
Atmospheric maritime (above splash - - 0.10 0.10
zone) (0.004) (0.004)
Sea water in the zone of high attack - - 0.17 0.25
(low water and splash zones) (0.007) (0.010)
Sea water in the zone of permanent - - 0.13 0.12
immersion or in the intertidal zone (0.005) (0.005)
Non tidal water (river, ship canal, ....) 0.06 0.12 - -
in the zone of high attack (water line to (0.002) (0.005)
1 m (3.3 ft) below bed level)

Buried zone more than 1 m (3.3 ft) 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.05
below sea bed or back face of retaining (0.001) (0.002) (0.001) (0.002)
or quay walls in contact with
undisturbed natural soils (sand, silt,
clay, schist, ....)
In contact with polluted natural soils 0.03
and industrial sites (0.001)
In contact with aggressive natural soils 0.04
(swamp, marsh, peat, ...) (0.002)
In contact with non-compacted and 0.04
non-aggressive fills (clay, schist, sand, (0.002)
silt, ....)
In contact with non-compacted and 0.10
aggressive fills (ashes, slag, ....) (0.004)
1. These rates are generally intended to represent upper bound corrosion rates for general
corrosion excluding the additional corrosion that may also occur if concentrated corrosion takes
place. The rates are partly based upon the 5 year design working life loss of thickness values
given in EN 1993-5 for temperate conditions supplemented by additional values reflecting
experience of marine structures and tropical climates including [Ref. 11] and [Ref. 12].
2. The rates may be considered conservative when applied to estimate corrosion allowances over
periods in excess of 10 years and reduced rates may be used based upon EN 1993-5 for the
part of the design working life greater than 10 years.

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Add:
2. These allowances should not be applied to surfaces that can be assumed to be
closed off from the supply of oxygen, like the insides of steel pipe piles which are
provided with concrete plugs, or hollow sections that are closed at their ends.
5.2.4 Measures against corrosion
Add at the end of the clause:
1. New tubular steel jetty piles shall be protected against corrosion as follows:
a. A coating system down to 1 m (3.3 ft) below seabed (after scour) in
accordance with DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen. with a minimum design lifetime of
5 years:
i. Coating in splash zone and atmospheric zone shall be inspected at
regular intervals and replaced at the end of the coating lifetime.
b. A cathodic protection system with sacrificial anodes based on 100% bare
steel for buried steel and 10% average lifetime damage for submerged
parts:
i. Anodes should be designed for a minimum lifetime of 10 years and
replaced at the end of their lifetime.
ii. Refer to DEP 30.10.73.10-Gen for cathodic protection system design.
c. A corrosion allowance on the exposed surface of closed steel piles to
accommodate the average loss of material envisaged over a period equal to
the jetty lifetime minus the guaranteed coating lifetime.
2. Wrapping systems should not be used because their effectiveness is doubtful
and they are difficult to inspect.
5.2.5 Type of steel
Add:
1. Special requirements could be imposed on steel for construction in cold climates
or Arctic conditions and shall be formulated in accordance with local conditions
and experiences.

6 Piles
COMMENTARY ON CLAUSE 6
Add to commentary:
1. Refer to DEP 34.11.00.12 Gen. for Geotechnical and foundation engineering –
Onshore and the provisions for jetties set out in (8.12 of Part VII) of this DEP.

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6.1 Bearing piles

Delete sub clauses 6.1.1, 6.1.2, 61.2.3, 6.1.3 and 6.1.4 completely and replace with the
following:
Reference [10] gives detailed guidance on bearing pile design and construction and
particular considerations relevant to the maritime environment.
Add at the end of the clause:
Pile testing
1. Full scale static pile load tests shall be carried out for jetty bearing piles, to prove
the pile design and construction method for each proposed pile type in soil
conditions representative of the production piles.
2. The number of test piles shall be a minimum two percent of the piles with a
minimum of one static compression and one tension test (if tension piles are
present) per pile type.
3. Pile Dynamic Analyses (PDA) tests shall be carried out on the test piles to enable
calibration of static and PDA test results.
4. During the main construction programme PDA tests shall be carried out on at
least 50% of the production piles.

10 Stone for armouring or protection works

10.2 Grading
10.2.1 General
Add to last paragraph:
1. Selection and specification of the size and grading of armour stone and toe
protection shall take into account scour.
a. Scour shall be assessed based upon ship and tug propellers and thrusters,
currents and waves.
2. Refer to “The Rock Manual”, Chapter 6 “Design of marine structures” [Ref. 7] for
the selection and specification of the size and grading of armour stone.

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13 Protective measures

13.1 General
Replace bullet e) in first paragraph with:
1e). The splash and atmospheric zones should be assessed for marine growth
removal prior to protection renewal.
Marine growth is prevalent on structures below mean high water level.
Evidence exists that fouling can be protective against corrosion and thus it is
not always necessary to remove it.
Coating systems are available for submerged piles, which are generally cost
effective for new piles to reduce the required number of anodes.
Add to paragraph:
1. The parts of the concrete deck and piles of loading platforms for transfers of
liquefied gas which are subject to potential spills shall be designed for a
cryogenic shock
2. Critical load bearing members shall be protected from progressive failure by
appropriate measures such as alternative load transfer mechanism via concrete
pile plugs, protective material on main steel members above deck level, etc.

13.5 Sheathings and wrappings

13.5.6 Cathodic protection
Add at the end of the clause:
Accelerated low water corrosion can best be prevented by a cathodic protection
system.
1. Inspection and maintenance of the anodes (e.g., to monitor the anode
deterioration) shall be taken into account when designing the cathodic protection
system.

14 Maintenance
Add to Commentary:
1. An inspection, maintenance and operation philosophy of the jetty shall be
developed as part of the Basis for Design to demonstrate how the facility will be
safely and economically maintained during the design working life without
disruption to ongoing operations.
2. Inspection and maintenance philosophies shall be based upon the guidelines set
out in SIGTTO/OCIMF “Jetty maintenance and inspection guide” (2008) [Ref. 14].
3. The inspection, maintenance and operation philosophy shall be developed and
further detailed through subsequent stages of design development (FEED,
Detailed Engineering) such that it can subsequently be incorporated into the
project Operation and Implementation Philosophy (OIP).
4. Components with a design life shorter than the design life of the jetty shall be
easily replaceable.

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PART VII AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-2:2010

4 General design of berth structures

4.1 General
4.1.1 Planning and risk assessment
Add:
1. Jetty and quay wall structures shall be designed according to Consequence
Class CC2 as defined in EN 1990.
4.1.6 Berth geometry
4.1.6.1 Berth length
Add to the last paragraph:
1. The spacing of berths for VLCCs, product and LNG/LPG carriers shall take into
account the need to minimise incursions of other ships and tugs into the ignition
risk exclusion zone of any moored ship, so as to minimise the need to interrupt
product transfer operations due to ship movements to and from adjacent berths.
2. Refer to DEP 80.00.10.11-Gen. for values for the radius of the exclusion zones.
3. Berth geometry and separation distances shall be confirmed by operational
assessment and quantitative risk assessment.
a. Reference should be made to PIANC MarCom Working Group 116 “Safety
Aspects of Berthing Operations of Oil & Gas Tankers” 2012 [Ref. 27].

4.3 General site conditions

4.3.5 Scour protection
Add:
1. Reference shall be made to the Scour Manual [Ref. 2] for scour protection
requirements.
4.3.7 Actions caused by construction operations
Replace the second paragraph with:
1. For typical two-stage precast elements (e.g., jetty cross-heads, headstocks,
precast deck slabs) the staged construction actions (fresh plastic concrete) shall
be assessed.
a. The resulting stresses/deformations shall be combined with the
stresses/deformations from imposed actions in the final operational situation.

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4.3.8 Earthquakes
Delete entire section and replace with:
1. Refer to Clause 40 in Part III of this DEP for designing jetties to resist
earthquakes.
2. Jetties shall be designed to the following minimum performance requirements in
Table 4.3.8:
Table 4.3.8: Minimum Seismic Performance Levels for Jetties

Consequence Minimum Seismic Performance Levels for Jetties

Classification Description
Operating Base Earthquake Safe Shutdown
(OBE) Earthquake (SSE)

Jetties and marine Damage should be minimal Shall be designed for

2)
structures supporting and that restart and safe survivability under SSE ,
pipelines and equipment operations can continue, i.e., so that permanent damage
with inventories of high and permit supported systems to is permitted, structural
medium consequence remain operational under the integrity shall be
1)
substances (as defined in OBE condition. maintained and
Table 5 of progressive escalation of
The response of the
DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen. the damage shall not
structure/system should be
including LNG, LPG, ethane occur.
essentially elastic and there
and ethylene) and
should be no permanent Force reduction factors
associated emergency shut-
deformations. (ductility) shall be permitted
down, safety and fire
for the SSE condition in
fighting systems. Force reduction (ductility)
accordance with the
factors should be taken as
applicable structural design
1.0 to ensure that the target
code.
performance level under the
OBE is achieved. Force
reduction factors >1.0 may
be permitted provided that it
is explicitly demonstrated to
the Principal that minimum
performance level are
achieved.

Other jetties including jetties May sustain repairable No specific design

associated with normal damage when subject to the requirements apply to the
consequence substances OBE SSE, except that checks
and operations as defined in shall be undertaken to
Deemed to be satisfied by
Table 5 of demonstrate that the failure
design to EN 1998 provided
DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen. or collapse under the SSE
that:
shall not impact on other
Importance class shall be structures.
III with importance factor γI
= 1.2;
Behaviour factors shall be
the factors for bridges
according to EN 1998-2.

1. OBE return period shall be as required by DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen. and not less than 475
years.
2. SSE return period shall be as required by DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen.

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4.3.10 Actions from ice

Replace first paragraph with the following:
1. All maritime structures shall be assessed for ice events and if necessary
designed to resist or accommodate the actions imposed by ice in accordance
with the specified design codes in Clause 35 in BS 6349-1:2000 as modified in
(Part III) of this DEP.
2. Ice buildup shall not be used in the design under normal operating conditions, as
ice management will be implemented to prevent ice build-up leading to ice loads
on any berthed ship.
3. The design of the jetty and dolphins in areas with snowfall shall take into account
the clearing of snow, as an example by accommodating pushing gathered snow
into the sea by eliminating obstructions or lips at the edges.

4.4 Durability
4.4.2 Corrosion and crack control
4.4.2.2 Steel corrosion
Replace the first sentence in first paragraph:
Steel corrosion rates should be estimated in accordance with BS EN 1993-5.
with:
1. Steel corrosion rates shall be estimated in accordance with Clause 5.2 of
BS 6349-1-4:2013 as modified in (Part VI) of this DEP.

4.5 Services and equipment

4.5.4 Fire-fighting
Add to paragraph:
1. Adequate means of access for fire-fighting services shall be provided to all areas.

5 Design situations for quays and jetties

5.2 Actions
5.2.2 Design situations for overall stability
5.2.2.2 Persistent design situations
Delete this entire clause and replace by:
1. Persistent design situations shall be as defined in EN 1990.
2. Conditions of normal use for jetty structures appropriate to assessment of actions
and combinations of actions in a persistent design situation shall include both
Normal and Extreme Operating Conditions.
The Normal Operating Condition for a jetty is the design situation when a jetty
or marine facility is considered to be in operational use by ships berthing, de-
berthing, in a moored condition consistent with the Operating Limits for the
facility.
The Extreme Operating Condition for a jetty is the design situation applicable
considering, among other things, environmental actions due to storm events of
return period of 25-100 years (according to design working life – see modified
Clause 16, Part III) when a jetty or marine facility is not considered to be in
operational use by ships berthing, de-berthing.

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3. The maximum characteristic value of each type of action described in Annex B of

BS 6349-2 should be considered in combination, using the partial factors in
Annex A of BS 6349-2 as modified by this DEP.
4. Examples of persistent situations that shall be taken into account include:
a. foreseeable modifications to the structure, topside equipment or dredged
depth;
b. overdredging of seabed within specified tolerances;
c. deepening of the seabed due to scour;
d. normal berthing operations as described in BS 6349-4;
e. abnormal berthing operations as described in BS 6349-4.
5.2.2.3 Transient design situations
Delete this entire clause and replace by:
1. Transient design situations shall be as defined in EN 1990.
5.2.2.4 Accidental design situations
Delete this entire clause and replace by:
1. Accidental design situations shall be as defined in EN 1990.
2. Accidental design situations for jetty structures shall include the Accidental or
Overload Operating Conditions when a jetty or marine facility is in operational use
by ships berthing, de-berthing or in a moored condition consistent with the
Operating Limits for the facility but where exceptional conditions occur due to
deviation from facility operational procedures, equipment malfunction,
uncontrolled berthing etc.
3. Very extreme metocean conditions of return period indicated as the accidental or
overload condition in Table 21.1 in (Part III, Clause 21) of this DEP shall also be
considered as accidental design situations.

5.3 Deflection control and deformations

5.3.1 General
Add to paragraph:
1. Deflection of beams and slabs shall be calculated for the most unfavourable
combination of loads indicated in the load combination table included in Annex A
of BS 6349-2 as modified by this DEP.
a. Deflection of beams and slabs shall be derived from an elastic analysis of
the structure.
2. For jetties and marine structures supporting pipelines and equipment with
inventories of high and medium consequence substances and associated
emergency shut-down, safety and fire fighting systems, it may be required to
include seismic actions in serviceability limit state load combinations to verify if
deflections under earthquake effects are acceptable.
a. In such cases, acceptable deflection criteria for earthquake effects shall be
subject to approval by the Principal.

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5.3.2 Jetties, platforms and crane rails

Replace the rows “Horizontal deflection” in Table 1 with:
Horizontal deflection
1. For jetties for liquid cargo, the following values shall apply:
a. maximum lateral displacement of a substructure (in case of trestle: defined
as: deflection of a cross head):
H / 300 with a maximum of 100 mm (4 in)
Where:
H = distance from deck level to point of virtual fixity piles
b. maximum differential lateral displacement of adjacent substructures (cross
heads):

Span

 3Es   D 
 × 
  all   Span 
where

 all = allowable increase in pipe stress resulting from lateral

displacement of supports, which can be considered on
the basis of a pipe stress analysis.
Es = modulus of elasticity process piping.
D = diameter of largest process pipeline.
span = spacing between adjacent substructures supporting a
straight process piping section.

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c. a detailed pipe stress analysis shall be performed which is subject to:

i. the assumption that the process piping is not provided with bellows to
take axial deformations resulting from temperature effects, for which
the Supplier's specific criteria apply;
ii. lateral restraint of pipe supports in between substructure supports not
imposing additional stresses in the piping;
iii. special transitions from e.g., trestle to loading platform;
iv. allowable differential crosshead / substructure displacements depend
on allowable pipe stresses.
Replace the rows “Vertical deflection” in Table 1 with the following:
Vertical deflection (Deflection relative to straight line between supports)
2. The following limiting values for vertical deflection shall apply:
a. Superstructure platforms and trestle:
i. Deflection due to total load < Span / 300
ii. Deflection due to live loads < Span / 400
iii. Differential deflection of adjacent pipe supports under live loads
Span

 3Es   D 
 × 
  all   Span 
where

 all = allowable increase in pipe stress resulting

from lateral displacement of supports, which can be
considered on the basis of a pipe stress analysis.
Es = modulus of elasticity process piping.
D = diameter of largest process pipeline.
Span = spacing between adjacent substructures supporting a
straight process piping section.
b. Cantilevering beams:
i. Deflection due to total load < Span / 200.
c. Catwalks:
i. Deflection due to total load < Span / 200;
ii. Deflection due to live load < Span / 400.

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7 Gravity walls in quay and jetty construction

7.3 Design of gravity walls

7.3.4 Detailing
7.3.4.4 Prevention of loss of material
Replace sentences (shown next) in the middle of first paragraph:
Scour and wave action can remove material in front of or underneath the structure.
This should be prevented by the use of a protective anti-scour apron in front of the
wall. This should extend outward at least 1.5 times the beam of the biggest design
vessel.
with:
Scour might result in removal of material in front of or underneath the structure.
1. A protective anti-scour apron in front of the wall shall be designed and installed,
where scour protection is required to resist e.g., propeller and thruster action.
2. Refer to “The Rock Manual”, Chapter 6 “Design of marine structures” [Ref. 7] for
guidance on scour protection.
3. The scour protection shall extend outward at least 1.5 times the beam of the
biggest design vessel.

7.4 Concrete blockwork walls

7.4.4 Foundation
Replace the last sentence of the second paragraph:
The tolerance in level of the bedding layer surface should not exceed 10 mm (0.4 in)
in sheltered waters, but depends upon the material used.
with:
1. The tolerance in the level of the bedding layer surface shall not exceed 10 mm
(0.4 in), depending on site conditions.

8 Suspended deck structures

8.4 Types of structures

Replace entire fifth paragraph with:
1. If inclined piles (also referred to as raker or batter piles) are installed close to the
berthing line, the risk of contact between the hull of a ship and the front side of
the raker piles shall be evaluated.
a. The risk of contact shall be assessed and pile alignment and orientation
selected taking into account the installed position of the fenders in the
compressed condition in combination with the vessel’s estimated roll motion.

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8.5 Overall stability

Add new clause:
8.5.4 Pile plan and stability
The stability of a piled substructure is achieved either by sufficient flexural stiffness of the
piled substructure or by the installation of raking piles to take horizontal loads or by a
combination of both.
1. These raking piles should be driven in with the pile heads of each set at a close
distance to minimise shear forces and bending moments in the beams.
The preferred pile layout at (un)loading platforms is to place the raking piles close
to the edge of the platform to maximise the lever arm taking moments in the
horizontal plane.

8.8 Installation of piles

8.8.1 General
Add at the end of the clause:
1. Inclined (raking) piles should not be designed at a rake of more than 1
(horizontal) in 4 (vertical) to reduce the measures required to support the raking
piles during pile driving.
2. A pile driving analysis shall be carried out during the FEED phase to confirm the
suitability of the selected pile diameter and the feasibility of the pile driving
process.

8.10 Design methods

8.10.1 Vertical actions from superstructure
Add at end of the paragraph:
The method described in clause 8.10.1 is suitable for an initial evaluation of the
load transfer.
1. A 3D structural model shall be developed for the combined modelling of axial and
bending stiffness.

8.11 Loading considerations

8.11.1 Self-weight and imposed loads
8.11.1.1 Self-weight
Replace entire second paragraph with:
1. For structures with relatively high vertical loads and very small horizontal loads
(e.g., trestle in sheltered water), especially in deep water, allowances shall be
incorporated in the structural analysis to cover the effects of imperfections in
accordance with BS EN 1993-1-1 Clause 5.3.

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8.11.2 Horizontal actions

8.11.2.1 Berthing
Add to second paragraph:
1. Two levels of berthing loads shall be considered in design:
a. a normal berthing load, which corresponds with the normal berthing energy
level calculated in accordance with BS 6349-4:
i. the berthing load shall be based on the fenders actually selected,
incorporating relevant angular performance factors and the Vendor's
tolerance allowances.
b. an abnormal berthing load, which is based on the energy value calculated
for normal berthing multiplied by a factor of safety of up to 2, as required by
Clause 5.1 of BS 6349-4:
i. the berthing load shall be based on the actually selected fenders
incorporating relevant angular performance factors and the
Manufacturer's tolerance allowances.
8.11.2.2 Mooring
Add at the end of the paragraph:
1. The mooring provisions for jetties for VLCCs, oil product and LPG/LNG carriers
should consist of a series of quick release hooks installed on mooring and
breasting dolphins.
2. Refer to Clause 10.4 in BS 6349 Part 4 for mooring provisions for jetties.
8.11.3 Environmental actions
8.11.3.4 Ice
Replace the first three sentence of the first paragraph with:
1. An assessment shall be made to decide whether ice actions will be applied to the
structure:
a. actions shall be assessed in accordance with Clause 35 in BS 6349-1:2000
as modified in (Part III) of this DEP, including actions from ice on the pile at
the water line.
2. For the pile design under ice action, design codes shall be used subject to the
approval of the Principal:
a. where required, ice modelling and physical model testing should be
undertaken.
8.11.4 Design situations
8.11.4.2 Limit state design
Replace last sentence of paragraph with:
1. The values of partial factors, combination factors and rules for combinations not
included in BS EN 1990 should be taken from Annex A in BS 6349-2:2010 as
modified by this DEP.

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8.12 Design of piles

8.12.3 Local buckling of steel piles
Add at end of paragraph:
1. In order to prevent premature local buckling of tubular steel section, the following
criteria shall be met:
a. (D / t) < 0.12 * (E /fy) for steel sections in piles for flexible breasting dolphins.
Strength capacity is retained until the plastic moment capacity is reached.
This will create a hidden capacity at relatively low costs:
b. (D / t) < 0.24 * (E /fy) for all other tubular steel sections.
Strength capacity shall be retained until the elastic moment capacity is
reached.
where,
D = Tubular steel outer diameter
t = Tubular steel wall thickness
E = Modulus of elasticity of tubular steel
fy = Yield stress of tubular steel (or stress at 0.2 % strain)
8.12.6 Horizontal actions
8.12.6.1 Flexible structures
Replace first sentence of third paragraph:
Piles resisting lateral actions should be embedded to obtain the required resistance
from the soil taking account of possible socketing effects in the soil resulting from
reversals of loading.
with:
1. Piles resisting lateral actions shall be embedded to obtain the required resistance
from the soil up to a load level corresponding with:
a. the full plastic moment for piles of flexible breasting dolphins;
b. the yield moment for piles of all other jetty structures.
8.12.8 Tension anchors
Replace entire clause with:
1. Tension anchors for jetty structures shall be designed as passive anchors.
a. Design and testing shall be in accordance with BS 8081 with due
considerations to the modifications to Clause 53 of BS 6349 1:2000.
b. Refer to DEP 34.11.00.12-Gen. section 6.4 for ‘Anchorages’.

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8.12.11 Effects in piles

8.12.11.2 Steel piles
Add at end of paragraph:
1. A pile driving analysis should be carried out on the basis of the wave equation
theory to assess the anticipated stresses in the steel pile during pile driving.
a. The resultant stresses should not exceed 90% of the yield stress.
2. Allowable stresses shall be in accordance with the values indicated in Table A.1
in Annex A.
a. The effects of column buckling, local restraint and combined effects of axial
compression and bending shall be in accordance with EN 1993-2 and EN
1993-5.
8.12.11.4 Soil resistance
Replace entire paragraph by:
1. Soil resistances shall be calculated in accordance with BS EN 1997 and section 4
Pile foundations of DEP 34.11.00.12-Gen.
a. Design of rock anchors shall follow the method and proposed factors of
safety included in BS 8081.
2. As stated in DEP 34.11.00.12-Gen. section 4.2, and if the structural design of
piles and supported structures is not being carried out to Eurocodes, the
geotechnical design of piles may be based on overall (lumped) factors of safety.
3. Alternative methods for the design of steel piles may be:
a. ICP Design Methods for Driven Piles in Sands and Clays (2005) [Ref. 15];
b. API RP 2A-WSD Recommended practice for planning, designing and
constructing fixed offshore platforms – Working stress design;
c. DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen. in combination with ISO 19902:2007.
4. In case a method based on overall (lumped) factors of safety (such as API RP
2A) is used, the following factors of safety steel cylindrical pile foundations shall
be applied:
a. bearing:
i. operating environmental load combinations: 2.0
ii. design environmental load combinations: 1.5
iii. seismic conditions: 1.3
b. pull-out:
i. operating environmental load combinations: 2.5
ii. design environmental load combinations: 2.0
iii. seismic conditions: 1.5
5. The safety factors for pull-out may be reduced to the bearing values when proven
by a combination of (failure) load tests on preliminary test piles (not part of final
structure) and Pile Driving Analyser (PDA) tests on working piles (part of final
structure). .
Add new clause:

8.14 Drainage
1. Refer to DEP 34.14.20.31-Gen. section 5.2 for drainage of jetties.

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9 Dolphins

9.1 Types of structure

9.1.2 Structural stiffness
9.1.2.1 Flexible structures
Replace entire paragraph with:
Flexible dolphins are usually built using a large diameter vertical pile oralternatively,
a row or group of vertical piles can be used interconnected at the top by a concrete
beam or steel beam.
1. The load transfer mechanism in torsion and flexure shall be evaluated when a
row or group of vertical piles is used interconnected at the top by a concrete
beam or steel beam.
Multiple rows of cantilever piles have also been applied, and are a feasible
concept. However such a concept is not preferred in view of the maintenance
demand and structural integrity of the top frame and connections to the piles.

9.5 Mooring equipment

Replace second and third sentence in third paragraph:
In either case, a safe working load for the device can be derived, and all such mooring
devices should have a safe working action of not less than the maximum breaking
load of the largest line. Guidance on line pulls is given in BS 6349-4.
With the following:
In either case, a safe working load for the device can be derived.
1. For smaller ships (with bollards or non winched arrangement) all mooring devices
shall have a safe working load of not less than the maximum breaking load of the
largest line.
2. For larger ships (including VLCC and gas carriers) mooring devices for oil and
gas jetties shall consist of Quick Release Hook (QRH) assemblies with a
minimum safe working load of not less than the Minimum Breaking Load (MBL) of
the largest line.
3. Subject to approval of the Principal, the Safe Working Load of individual hooks
may be less than the MBL of the largest line in case of:
a. Very large ships with mooring line MBLs in excess of 125 tonnes (275,000
lb), and
b. Upgrading of existing berths.
4. If item 3 is applied the reduced capacity of the hook shall be determined by
mooring line load analysis.
a. The minimum safety factor between the calculated mooring line load for
extreme metocean conditions and the SWL of the individual hooks shall
be 1.8.
b. Safety measures including load monitoring systems and alarms shall be
implemented to mitigate the risk of hook overload due to exceedance of
design loads.
5. Reference is made to Table 5 of BS 6349-4:1994 for information on typical line
characteristics for other ships.

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11 Pedestrian access

11.4 Stairways
Replace in the middle of the fifth paragraph:
Landing length should be at least the width of the stairway or 1.5 m (4.9 ft), whichever
is the lower.
by:
1. Landing length shall be at least the width of the stairway or 1.5 m (4.9 ft),
whichever is the highest.

11.5 Ladders
11.5.2 Emergency ladders
Add at end of the clause:
1. At jetties, ladders extending to LAT -1.0 m (3.3 ft) shall be provided at the front
and rear end of the loading platform, at each outer breasting and mooring
dolphin, and at maximum 75 m (246 ft) intervals along the trestle.

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Annex A (normative) Partial factors and combinations of actions

A.3 Limit states

Replace Table A.1 by the following table:
Table A.1 Partial factors for use in BS 6349-2
Action Symbol EQU (Set A) STR/GEO (Set B) STR/GEO (Set C)
from
EN 1990 unfavourable favourable unfavourable favourable unfavourable favourable

Permanent actions in Dead loads, including dead load

combinations without of empty piping and equipment G,sup
1.05 0.95 1.35 1.00 1.00 1.00
variable actions G,inf

Prestress P Refer to EN 1992 or relevant Eurocode

Variable actions Differential settlements Q 1.20 0.00 1.20 0.00 1.00 0.00
Environmental actions (wind,
A) Q 1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.30 0.00
waves, currents)
Cargo and products (including
Q 1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.30 0.00
piping contents / products)
Road and traffic actions
(including pedestrians) Q 1.35 0.00 1.35 0.00 1.15 0.00

B)
Crane loads Q 1.35 0.00 1.35 0.00 1.15 0.00
Design mooring and berthing
Q
actions due to Normal Operating
1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.30 0.00
conditions excluding accidental
berthing loads
Design berthing loads due to
accidental berthing conditions Q 1.30 0.00 1.30 0.00 1.20 0.00

All other variable actions Q 1.50 0.00 1.50 0.00 1.30 0.00
Variable construction loads
during execution phase Q 1.35 0.00 1.35 0.00 1.20 0.00

1. Includes environmental actions associated with Normal Operating Conditions (with berthed ship) and Extreme Operating Conditions (no ship berthed).

2. Alternatively, crane loads can be derived by obtaining separate information on actions due to self weight, wind and cargo handling and using the partial factors to produce a rational design situation for
analysis.

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A.3.3 Combination formulae for design situations

Delete comment C) at the bottom of the table.
Table A.3 Formulae for combinations of actions5

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PART VIII AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO BS 6349-4:2014

Section 2. Fendering

4 General principles

4.1 Provision and overall design of fendering systems

Add lines in row in Table 2 Vessel categories:

LNG/LPG carriers These vessels always berth with the aid of tugs
Large exclusion zones
May also be used for loading condensate ships

Pressurised LPG carriers As tankers but with very low freeboard and limited change
in draught between empty and fully laden conditions.

4.2 Selection and design of fenders

Add to NOTE 1:
1. There shall be at least one fender in full contact with the vessel forward and aft of
the manifold.

4.4 Fender layout for berths and other locations

4.4.3 Island berths
Add paragraph to the end of this section:
1. A configuration shown in Figure 5b below shall not be considered for island
berths for VLCCs and gas carriers, as it might impose significant dynamic loads
on the platform and equipment installed on this facility.

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Figure 5b Plan of five-island berth

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5 Calculation of berthing energies

5.2 Calculation of characteristic berthing energies for alongside berthing

5.2.2 Berthing velocities
Replace entire NOTE 1 with:
1. In the absence of any site specific information, characteristic velocities for
alongside berthing with use of tugs or thrusters shall be estimated from Figure 9,
on which five curves are given corresponding to the following navigation
conditions.
An indicative specification of these conditions is given for guidance only:
 Good berthing, sheltered (no wave action; cross currents < 1 knots/
0.5 m/s/ 1.2 mph);
 Difficult berthing, sheltered (cross currents > 1 knots/ 0.5 m/s/ 1.2 mph
and/or limited space for manoeuvring);
 Easy berthing, exposed (Hs < 0.5 m/ 3.28 ft; cross currents
< 0.5 knots/ 0.3 m/s/ 0.6 mph);
 Good berthing, exposed (0.5 m/ 1.6 ft < Hs < 1.0 m/ 3.28 ft and/ or
0.5 knots/ 0.3 m/s/ 0.6 mph < cross current < 1.0 knots/ 0.5 m/s/ 1.2
mph);
 Navigation conditions difficult, exposed (Hs > 1.0 m/ 3.28 ft and/or
cross current > 1.0 knots/ 0.5 m/s/ 1.2 mph).
Replace last paragraph with:
1. In view of the difficulties in handling vessels, a minimum design velocity of
0.10 m/s (0.22 mph) shall be applied in design irrespective of the actual berthing
conditions.
5.2.4 Hydrodynamic mass coefficient
Add to NOTE:
1. The underkeel clearance shall not be less than 10% of the vessel’s draft (refer to
clause 19.3.1 of BS 6349-1-1:2013):
a. if in inland locations and under exceptional cases the underkeel clearance is
less than 10% of the vessel’s draft, the depth shall be assessed by the
contractor and subject to the approval by the Principal.
The risk of an increased mass coefficient is considered to be limited to those
cases with a small underkeel clearance and relatively high current velocities.
5.2.5 Eccentricity coefficient
Add to NOTE 3:
2. For VLCC’s and large gas carriers, the velocity vector may be taken
perpendicular to the berthing line.

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6 Selection of fenders and fender types

6.1 General
Add at end of section:
1. Fenders for berths for VLCCs and large gas carriers shall be:
a. round to prevent chafing of the fender edges due to handling of spring lines;
b. provided with stopping chains to prevent excessive shear movements.
2. Fender panels shall be designed to allow the panels or fenders to be replaced as
whole units.

6.3 Fenders using elastomeric units

Add after end of third paragraph:
1. In any case, the load under abnormal impact conditions shall not exceed the
maximum reaction force indicated by the Manufacturer with due evaluation of:
a. variations in force and energy capacity as a result of performance
tolerances;
b. angular berthing effects;
c. impact velocities;
d. pressure valve settings (if applicable);
e. temperature variations;
f. impact velocity;
g. fender performance in combination with friction, etc.
2. The fender system shall be designed to absorb energy up to the abnormal energy
level without any damage to the structure entailing the replacement of any
component.
3. Fenders may be equipped with stoppers to enable the supporting structure to be
loaded beyond the maximum fender reaction force without damage to the fender.
4. Manufacturers shall provide proof tests of the performance of elastomeric units,
especially under repeated loading.

6.5 Pneumatic and foam-filled fenders

6.5.2 Foam-filled fenders
Add at end of section:
Foam-filled fenders carry the risk that the energy absorption capacity reduces after
several berthing operations and permanent deformations of the fenders might occur
in service.
1. If foam-filled fenders are used, design shall take into account reduced absorption
capacity after increasing number of compression cycles as supported by the
Manufacturer’s data from cyclic testing.

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6.6 Flexible dolphins

6.6.3 Pile analysis
Add at end of paragraph:
1. The embedment conditions of the piles shall be analysed by an elastic method
using p-y curves such as that proposed in API RP 2A or other recognised
methods:
a. the toe level of the pile shall be selected at a sufficiently deep level to create
a stable pile tip that is able to sustain lateral loads corresponding with the full
plastic moment (breasting dolphins) and elastic moment (mooring dolphins).

6.9 Mounting and suspension

6.9.2 Floating fenders
Add to end of last paragraph:
1. Design of mountings and fixing should include consideration of high corrosion
rates above the water line due to seawater sprays used for LNGC hull protection.

Section 3. Mooring

9 Loads on mooring points

9.2 Calculation methods

9.2.6 Method 5: Notional bollard load capacity
Add to Table 5:
1. Reference shall be made to amendments to BS 6349-1:2000 Clause 42, as
modified in (Part III) of this DEP, for the recommended method for the
assessment of design loads on mooring and breasting structures for berths
receiving VLCCs and large gas carriers.

10 On-shore mooring equipment

10.5 Capstans
Replace second and third paragraph with:
1. If a capstan arrangement is installed, an electrically driven two-speed capstan
shall:
a. have a minimum capacity 20 kN (4500 lbf) 24 m/min (0.9 mph) and 30 kN
(6750 lbf) static pull);
b. be started/stopped by means of an operator foot pedal (in addition to a main
motor start/stop switch).
2. The capstan shall have a reversible mode to enable a messenger line to be
walked back in the reverse direction if the line becomes entangled:
a. an elevated platform should be installed behind the capstan for the operator
to stand on to allow safe handling of the messenger rope.

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PART IX REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to the following publications:
NOTES: 1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.

SHELL STANDARDS

DEP feedback form DEP 00.00.05.80-Gen.

Cathodic protection DEP 30.10.73.10-Gen.
Protective coatings for onshore and offshore facilities DEP 30.48.00.31-Gen.
Marine loading arms (amendments/supplements to OCIMF design and DEP 31.06.15.10-Gen.
construction specification for marine loading arms)
Electrical engineering design DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen.
Earthquake design for onshore facilities - Seismic hazard assessment DEP 34.00.01.10-Gen.
Structural design and engineering of onshore structures DEP 34.00.01.30-Gen.
Onshore and nearshore site investigations DEP 34.11.00.10-Gen.
Geotechnical and foundation engineering - Onshore DEP 34.11.00.12-Gen.
Drainage systems and primary treatment facilities DEP 34.14.20.31-Gen.
Reinforced concrete structures DEP 34.19.20.31-Gen.
Onshore steel structures DEP 34.28.00.31-Gen.
Offshore structures - General requirements (endorsement of ISO DEP 37.19.00.10-Gen.
19900)
Fixed steel offshore structures (amendments/supplements to ISO DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
19902:2007)
Layout of onshore facilities DEP 80.00.10.11-Gen.

AMERICAN STANDARDS

Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed API RP 2A-WSD
offshore platforms – Working stress design
Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing API RP 2N
structures and pipelines for Arctic conditions
Seismic Design of Piers and Wharves ASCE Standard 61-14
Issued by: American Society of Civil Engineers

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BRITISH STANDARDS

Maritime structures - Part 1: Code of practice for general criteria BS 6349-1:2000

Maritime Works General – Code of practice for planning and design BS 6349-1-1:2013
for operations
Maritime Works General – Code of practice for geotechnical design BS 6349-1-3:2012
Maritime Works General – Code of practice for materials BS 6349-1-4:2013
Maritime works - Part 2: Code of practice for the design of quay walls, BS 6349-2:2010
jetties and dolphins
Maritime works - Part 4: Code of practice for design of fendering and BS 6349-4:2014
mooring systems
Ground anchorages BS 8081

EUROPEAN STANDARDS

Execution of special geotechnical work - Ground anchors EN 1537

Eurocode basis of structural design EN 1990
Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-4: General actions - Wind EN 1991-1-4
actions
Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules EN 1992-1-1
and rules for buildings
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and EN 1993-1-1
rules for buildings
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-9: Fatigue EN 1993-1-9
Eurocode 3: - Design of steel structures - Part 2: Steel Bridges EN 1993-2
Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 5: Piling EN 1993-5
Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common EN 1995
rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 1: General rules EN 1997-1
Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design Part 2: Ground investigation and EN 1997-2
testing
Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance Part 1: EN 1998-1
General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
Eurocode 8: - Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 2: EN 1998-2
Bridges

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Fixed steel offshore structures ISO 19902
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Arctic offshore structures ISO 19906
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals ISGOTT 5th Edition
Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) Mooring OCIMF (MEG3)
Equipment Guidelines, 3rd Edition
Mooring Equipment Guidelines 3rd edition OCIMF
Issued by: Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF)
Guide to the design of concrete structures in the Arabian Peninsula CS 163
Issued by: Concrete Society
Achieving Durability In Design: Cracks and Crack Control CIRIA C660
The use of concrete in the maritime environment – A good practice CIRIA C674
manual
The Rock Manual. The use of rock in hydraulic engineering (2nd CIRIA/CUR
edition).
Issued by: Construction Industry Research and Information
Association

OTHER STANDARDS

Jetty Maintenance and Inspection Guide SIGTTO publications

Issued by: Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal
Operators
Safety Aspects Affecting the Berthing Operations of Tankers to Oil and PIANC
Gas Terminals
Issued by: PIANC The World Association for Waterborne Transport
Infrastructure

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PART X BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOURCE REFERENCES
The documents listed below have been referenced or used as source material for certain
specific parts of this DEP. In the text of this DEP, these references are indicated by [Ref. x].

[1] Coastal Engineering Manual, US Army Corps of Engineers. 2002

[2] Scour manual; Hoffmans, G.J.C.M. and Verheij, H.J. 1997

[3] PIANC, Approach channels – A guide for design. 1997

[4] Rienecker, M.M., J.D. Fenton: A Fourier approximation method for 1981
steady water waves; Journal of Fluid Mechanics vol. 104:
pp. 119-137.
rd
[5] OCIMF, Mooring Equipment Guidelines 3 edition. 2008

[6] OCIMF, Design and construction specification for marine loading 1999
rd
arms, 3 edition.

[7] CIRIA/CUR The Rock Manual. The use of rock in hydraulic 2007
nd
engineering (2 edition).

[8] PIANC, Seismic design guidelines for port structures. 2001

[9] International Building Code. 2000

th
[10] M.J. Tomlinson; Pile design and construction practice (5 edition). 2008

[11] NACE Int. Corrosion Conference 2002; Paper 2214 (table 1) 2002
[Smith, Bowley and Williams].

[12] S. K. Coburn (Pile Buck Inc.) 1988

[13] PIANC, Accelerated Low Water Corrosion. 2005

[14] SIGTTO/OCIMF, Jetty maintenance and inspection guide. 2008

[15] ICP Design Methods for Driven Piles in Sands and Clays; 2005
Richard Jardine, et.al.

[16] PIANC, Guidelines for the design of fenders systems. 2002

[17] International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO), IHO Standards for

Hydrographic Surveys. Special Publication No. 44.

[18] ISO 21650: Actions from waves and currents on coastal structures, 2007
First Edition, 2007.

[19] PIANC, Minimising harbour siltation. 2008

[20] Soulsby, R.L. “Dynamics of Marine Sands”. Thomas Telford. 1997

[21] Sumer, B.M. and Fredsøe, J. “The Mechanics of Scour in the 2002
Marine Environment”. World Scientific.

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[22] Whitehouse, R.J.S. “Scour at Marine Structures”. 1998

[23] Guide to the design of concrete structures in the Arabian 2008

Peninsula. Concrete Society Report CS 163, Camberley, UK.

[24] CIRIA: Early-age thermal crack control in concrete. CIRIA C660. 2007

[25] CIRIA. The use of concrete in the maritime environment – A good 2010
practice manual. CIRIA C674.

[26] Slater, D. and Sharp, B. The design of coastal structures. In: Allen 1998
R. T., ed. Concrete in coastal structures. London: Thomas
Telford Limited.

[27] PIANC. MarCom Report 116. Safety aspects affecting the berthing 2012
operations of tankers to oil and gas terminals

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UOP Honeywell [email protected] 19/01/2018 09:53:40