INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 02, FEBRUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616

Balanced NP- And NPK-Fertilizers Based On

Purified Ammophos Suspension, Nitrogen
Fertilizers And Potassium Chloride
Sh.Yu.Nomozov, Sh.S.Namazov, A.R.Seytnazarov, B.M.Beglov, U.K.Alimov

Abstract: The process of liquid NP-and NPK-fertilizers preparation based on ammophos pulp (pH = 4.5; 5.5 and 6.5), nitric and potassium fertilizers has
been studied. In ammonization of a low-concentrated wet-processing phosphoric acid (WPA) (16.5% P2O5) with various impurities, water-insoluble
compounds of calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and fluorine are formed, producing precipitate. It was shown that separation of the solid phase from
the ammonium phosphate pulp allows to obtain a transparent suspension of improved quality. It serves as a basic solution for the preparation of liquid
NP and NPK fertilizers with grades 1 : 0.5, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 1 and 1 : 0.5 : 0.3, 1 : 0.7: 0.5 and 1 : 1: 1 by adding to them nitrogen (NH4NO3, (NH2)2CO, CAM-
32) and potassium (KCl) salts. So, with the use of (NH2)2CO the product brand 1:1:1 contains 10.28% of the nutrient, that is, in total more than 30.8%. It
contains P2O5assimilable : P2O5tot. = 100%, and P2O5aqueous:P2O5tot. = 98%. The material balance of the process of obtaining liquid NPK-fertilizers for 1: 1: 1
grade has been calculated.

Index Terms: WPA, ammophos pulp, sediment, basic solution, ammonium nitrate, carbamide, CAM, potassium chloride, liquid NP- and NPK-fertilizers,
composition.
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1 INTRODUCTION
THE demand of Uzbekistan’s agriculture for mineral fertilizers General and Inorganic Chemistry under the Academy of
in 2018 was 963.7 thousand tons of 100% N, 688.4 thousand Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan has accumulated a
tons of P2O5 and 313.6 thousand tons of K2O. This year, great deal of experience on obtaining both liquid, suspended
industry satisfied the demand of agriculture by 94% for and solid mineral fertilizers [1-8]. LCF is an aqueous solution
nitrogen fertilizers, by 23% for phosphate fertilizers and by or suspension containing two or more basic nutrient elements.
55% for potassium fertilizers. All fertilizers, with the exception They have several advantages [9, 10] over solid fertilizers:
of ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride, are produced in - they do not dust, do not cake together, are free fluidity,
granular form, and these two - in crystalline form. From liquid and unfavorable climatic conditions do not adversely affect
fertilizers only single nitric - CAM (carbamide-ammonia their quality indicators;
mixture), calcium nitrate solution and liquid ammonia, are - LCF do not incorporate free ammonia, therefore their
produced. The government pays the great attention to the transportation is not necessarily in a sealed container;
development of mineral fertilizers production. According to the - high uniformity of application, LCF can be applied not only
Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD- to a certain depth in the soil, but also sprayed over the surface
3983 dated October 25, 2018 ―On Measures to accelerate the of the field, followed by embedding;
Development of the Chemical Industry of the Republic of - the possibility of obtaining a wide range of liquid mixtures
Uzbekistan‖, the production of mineral fertilizers will double by with a different ratio of nutrients and the simultaneous use of
2030 (from 1.2 million tons to 2.4 million tons). Unfortunately, trace elements, some pesticides and growth stimulants;
this Decree does not say anything about the need to - on carbonate soils with alkaline reaction (carbonated
manufacture liquid complex fertilizers (LCF). This is explained black soils, chestnut soils, gray soils), the agrochemical
by the fact that Uzbekistan does not have deposits of rich value of liquid forms, as a rule, is higher than that of
phosphate raw materials, such as the Khibiny and Kovdorsky granulated ones;
apatites (Russia), Florida phosphates (USA), and Moroccan - the use of LCF allows to mechanize time-consuming
phosphates (Africa), which can be used for any brand of processes of loading, unloading and applying into the soil;
phosphorus-containing fertilizers. Despite this, the Institute of completely excluding manual labor and significantly reducing
costs;
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- LCFs are easy to use, do not ignite, are not explosive, are
 Sh.Yu.Nomozov, PhD student, Phosphate fertilizer laboratory, Institute
of general and inorganic chemistry of Uzbek Academy of Sciences , not poisonous, do not corrode ferrous metals; besides do not
Uzbekistan. Email: [email protected] require the creation of high-power aggregates.
 Sh.S.Namazov, Doctor of technical sciences, professor, academician, The largest producers of LCF are the United States and
head of laboratory of Phosphate fertilizer, Institute of general and Canada. Significant volumes of LCF are used in Western
inorganic chemistry of Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. European countries such as Russia, the Great Britain,
 A.R.Seytnazarov, Doctor of technical sciences (DSc), Chief
France, Denmark, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Holland, Poland,
Researcher of Phosphate fertilizer laboratory, Institute of general and
inorganic chemistry of Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. Czech Republic, Hungary, etc. In Russia, the producers of
 B.M.Beglov, Doctor of technical sciences, professor, academician, LCFs are Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC)
Chief Researcher of Phosphate fertilizer, Institute of general and ―Kuybyshevfosfor‖, Cherkassky and Rovensky OJSC ―Azot‖,
inorganic chemistry of Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan. Sumsky OJSC ―Khimprom‖, Krasnodarsky, Balakovsky and
 U.K.Alimov, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Meleuzovsky chemical plants. The schematic diagram of the
300457, P.R. China
production of LCF is to neutralize phosphoric acid (thermal
or superphosphoric) to a pH of about 6.5. Depending on the
preparation scheme, aqueous or anhydrous ammonia is
used as a neutralizing agent. The most widespread LCF

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brands are 10:34:0, 11:37:0 and 8:24:0. So, in the LCF 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS.
brands of 10:34:0 and 11:37:0, phosphorus is present in the In the experiments, WPA was used based on the dihydrate
form of ortho and polyforms, and in the brand of 8:24:0 in the method from a thermal concentrate (26% P2O5) at JSC
ortho form [11]. LCF solutions of the 10:34:0 and 11:37:0 ―Ammofos-Maxam‖ (Uzbekistan) and having a composition
brands are obtained by neutralizing polyphosphoric acid (72 (wt.%): 16.46 P2O5, 0.06 CaO, 1.11 MgO, 0.27 Fe2O3, 0.41
or 76% P2O5) with gaseous ammonia. LCF solution of the Al2O3, 2.98 SO3 and 0.99 F, with a density of 1.18 g/cm3 was
8:24:0 brand is obtained by neutralizing with ammonia of used. In technical conditions for WPA [13] the lower limit of the
concentrated phosphoric acid with a 54% P2O5 content. They concentration of P2O5, the content of sulfur in sulfate and solid
are considered as basic solutions, used as a fertilizer or as a sediment are regulated. Exception, sulfur in sulfate, the acid
basis for the production of double and triple liquid fertilizers. contains dissolved ions of Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, and F. The solid
This is achieved by adding to them nitrogen (urea, residue may contain calcium sulphates, precipitated upon
ammonium nitrate or their mixture) and potassium cooling, acids, phosphates of iron and aluminum -
(potassium chloride, sulfate and nitrate) fertilizers. Here, (Fe,Al)3(H3O)H8(PO4)6•6H2O, silicofluorides Na2SiF6, K2SiF6,
potassium chloride is almost the only source of potassium for NaKSiF6, chuchrovit CaSO4AlSiF13•10H2O, ralstonite
the triplex LCFs. However, due to its insufficient solubility it is (Ca,Mg)NaAlF6•2H2O [14]. The process of neutralization of
impossible to obtain a concentrated LCF. Potassium nitrate WPA was carried out with gaseous ammonia (100% NH3) in a
is even less soluble, which is formed if ammonium nitrate is special reactor with vigorous stirring to a pH value of 4.5; 5.5
used as the nitrogen component for the LCF. In this case, and 6.5. The pH value of ammoniated pulps was measured
stabilizers are offered: both natural and synthetic to obtain using an I-130M brand ionomer with an electrode system of
sufficiently stable dispersed systems that are in suspension. electrodes ESL 63-07, EBL-1M3.1 and TKA-7 with an
Usually, 28% suspension of attapulgite or a pure bentonite accuracy of 0.02 pH units. In neutralization of WPA with
clay is used, which are added into a solution of 10:34:0, then ammonia, its temperature rises to 65-70°C. At pH=4.51 a
urea – ammonium nitrate and, last of all, potassium chloride. solution of monoammonium phosphate is formed, and at
With the use of superphosphoric acid, due to the relatively higher pH (from 5.53 to 6.56) an additional diammonium
high solubility of ammonium polyphosphates, it is possible to phosphate is formed. The water-insoluble part of the
obtain basic solutions and balanced LCFs with much higher ammophos pulp includes calcium and magnesium
concentrations than with phosphoric acid. In the USA, phosphates, ammonium salts of iron, aluminum, magnesium
suspended LCFs are used for all major agricultural crops and fluorine, which are precipitated in the solid phase during
[12]. So, before sowing of corn, suspensions of 6:12:24 and the ammonization of WPA. Here, it is appropriate to present
6:12:28, wheat - 20:10:10 and 14:14:14 are applied. When the results of the determination of solid phases formed upon
sowing corn and cotton, a suspension of 11:22:11 is used. At ammonization from pH 2.0 to 8.0 WPA from Karatau
that, a basis for the preparation of NPK-suspension serves phosphorite (Kazakhstan) [15-19]. WPA from Karatau
10:34:0 brand, made from superphosphoric acid. That is, the phosphorite contains (wt.%): 20.3 P2O5; 0.24 CaO; 2.72 MgO;
most popular phosphoric components in the preparation of 1.04 Al2O3; 1.02 Fe2O3; 2.1 SO3; 1.72 F. As can be seen, the
the suspension is a solution of ammonium polyphosphate. composition of this acid is close to the composition of WPA
This also determines the high cost of LCF. In Uzbekistan, from thermal concentrate (Uzbekistan). Therefore,
due to the lack of concentrated phosphoric acid or complex ammonization of these acids to high pH values can give
acting liquid fertilizer products in cultivation of crops during comparable results. Below we provide a list of chemical
the vegetation, plants are treated with a suspension obtained compounds, the formation of which is possible in neutralization
by dissolving and mixing solid standard fertilizers - urea, of WPA by ammonia from Karatau phosphorites with different
ammonium nitrate, CAM, ammonium phosphate, composition and impurity content [18]. So, in ammonization of
superphosphate or potassium chloride. Therefore, economic WPA from Karatau phosphorites to pH approximately 2.5,
pressure is pushing manufacturers to use cheaper materials. water soluble compounds NH4H2PO4, NH4НSO4·NH4H2PO4,
One of the ways to reduce the cost of LCF production is the (NH4)2SiF6, and citrate soluble complexes of iron and
replacement of expensive thermal or superphosphoric acid aluminum phosphates (Fe, Al)3NH4H8(PO4)6•6H2O, (Fe,
with ammophos, diammophos and standard WPA or its Al)NH4HPO4F2 and Mg(Fe, Al)NH4(HPO4)2F2 are formed. The
ammoniated solution. The typical composition of the 9:9:9 first complex salt is well crystallized, easily filtrated and
brand is as follows: (NH4)2HPO4 - 12-15%, NH4(PO4)2 - 2- separated. The second is amorphous, forms colloidal non-
4%, (NH2)2CO - 12-13%, KCl - 13-14%, where the share of settling and poorly filtered sediments. Less soluble compound
amide nitrogen to be 61-66%. It is accepted that in the LCF Mg(Fe, Al)NH4(HPO4)2F2 forms in magnesium contained acids
the amount of nutrients should contain, on the basis of ortho- and is well crystallized. In ammonization to pH about 2.5
and polyphosphoric acids, at least 27 and 33%, respectively. almost all ions of iron, part of aluminum, magnesium, and
Such fertilizers can also be obtained on the basis of WPA. fluorine are precipitated. With an increase in pH to 5.5, the
Therefore, the development of processing technology for formation of NH4H2PO4 continues, the complex phosphates of
low-concentrated WPA with a concentration of 16–18% P2O5 iron and aluminum are converted to
in the LCF is of the great challenge. The production of LCF Mg(Fe,Al)(NH4)2(HPO4)2F3, (Fe,Al)NH4(PO4)2•0.5H2O,
should be organized in the complex with the production of (Fe,Al)NH4HPO4F2, precipitate disubstituted calcium and
solid fertilizers. The combination of these products in one magnesium phosphates, magnesium fluoride phosphate,
cycle significantly reduces capital costs. The aim of this work precipitated hydroxylapatite, forms unstable in aqueous
is to prepare various brands of NP and NPK fertilizers based solution intermediate magnesium phosphate
on the ammonization of a weakly concentrated WPA, Mg3(NH4)2(HPO4)4•8H2O, which decomposes with the
followed by the addition of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers formation of MgNH4PO4•H2O. All phosphates, except
into the ammophos pulp. hydroxylapatite, are citrate soluble. Neutralization to pH=8
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leads to the formation of (NH4)2HPO4. Complex compounds of as a result of crystallization, first of mono-ammonium
iron and aluminum are converted into indigestible phosphates phosphate, and then of diammonium phosphate. In the water-
(Fe,Al)2NH4(PO4)2ОH•2Н2O, (Fe,Al)(NH4)2(HPO4)2F, insoluble part of the product 99.42-99.85 and 72.82-79.21% of
compounds MgHPO4 and Mg3(NH4)2(HPO4)4•8H2O transfer to phosphorus is in assimilable and water-soluble forms for
Mg(NH4)2(HPO4)2•4H2O mertelet, which decomposes with the plants in relation to its total content. They can be used as an
formation of MgNH4PO4•H2O. The interaction of magnesium independent solid nitrogen-phosphate fertilizer - ammophos.
ammonium phosphate with diammonium phosphate leads to The degree of precipitation of the components from the WPA
the formation of Mg(NH4)2(HPO4)2•4H2O and the loss of into the solid phase was calculated from the compositions of
ammonia due to the decomposition of (NH 4)3PO4. the solid and liquid phases. The results are shown in Table 2.
Neutralization of WPA in the presence of fluoride or As shown in Table 2, in all cases the maximum degree of
ammonium silicon fluoride can lead to the formation of a transition of water-insoluble components (MgO – 88-89%, 86-
number of fluorides of iron, aluminum, calcium and 88% Fe2O3, 83-89% Al2О3, 59-75% F) to the solid phase was
magnesium. In the absence of fluorides and ammonium silicon achieved. Depending on the pH, the composition of the liquid,
fluorides, hydroxides are formed. also the transparent part of the pulps is as follows: 4.77-6.18%
N, 14.05-14.66% P2O5, 0.17-0.18% MgO, 3.64-4.07% SO3,
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 0.034-0.051% Fe2O3, 0.064-0.097% Al2О3, 0.37-0.55% F,
. In order to improve the marketability of LCF, i.e., to obtain herewith the composition of the ammophos suspension is
more transparent suspensions and increase in them water- significantly improved (in the initial ammophos pulp, the ratio
soluble phosphorus, it is necessary to clean the ammonium of Р2О5aq.:Р2О5total was 92.15-94.13%, and in the purified one it
phosphate pulp from solid suspended matter. To do that, the became 95.30-97.51%). Only there was a decrease in the total
pulp (at 65°C) was separated into solid and liquid phases by phosphorus content (from 16.46 to 14.05-14.66% P2O5). It
centrifuging. In order to avoid ammonia loss, the wet solid should be noted that due to the free sulfuric acid in WPA
phase was dried at 60°C to a constant weight, determining the (2.98% SO3 or 4.92% H2SO4), a water-soluble sulfate ion is
moisture content of the solid mass. It was established that the present in the purified ammophos pulp due to the formation of
humidity of the precipitation formed is 60% H2O. Then, the (NH4)2SO4. This gives liquid products a new quality. Sulfur is
filtrate and the dried precipitates were analyzed for the content considered a part of proteins and amino acids in the formation
of various components. Their composition is given in Table 1. of the crop. According to the physiological role in plant
It can be seen that at the studied pH values, the maximum nutrition, S should be ranked fourth after N, P and K [19]. In
deposition of ions of calcium, magnesium and one-and-a-half addition, due to the long-dominant tendency to switch to the
oxides (iron and aluminum), as well as complex salts of production of concentrated fertilizers, the sulfur deficiency in
fluoride compounds from ammonium phosphate solutions soils has significantly increased.
occurs. The increase in their content with increasing pH occurs

TABLE 1
Composition of precipitation and filtrates obtained from ammophos pulp at different pH values
Component content, weight % Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq..
рН of
Р2О5total. Р2О5total.
pulp N P2O5total. CaO MgO SO3 Fe2O3 Al2О3 F
% %
Filtrate
4.5 4.77 14.66 отс. 0.17 3.64 0.051 0.097 0.55 99.42 95.30
5.5 5.12 14.50 отс. 0.17 4.07 0.035 0.091 0.42 99.67 96.93
6.5 6.18 14.05 отс. 0.18 3.72 0.034 0.064 0.37 99.85 97.51
Dried solid precipitate
4.5 7.68 46.75 1.30 7.90 2.76 1.91 2.76 4.73 92.20 79.21
5.5 11.76 47.20 1.29 7.17 2.32 1.82 2.68 5.01 89.57 73.58
6.5 14.28 46.05 1.29 6.35 3.36 1.55 2.24 4.78 92.40 72.82

TABLE 2
Degree of deposition (%) of the various components in the ammonization of extraction of phosphoric acid
рН of pulp N P2O5total MgO SO3 Fe2O3 Al2О3 F
4.5 21.50 35.10 88.0 11.45 86.14 82.58 59.04
5.5 31.34 39.32 88.56 13.06 87.68 84.02 70.38
6.5 35.25 43.54 89.01 17.57 87.82 89.02 75.17

Thus, purified ammonium phosphate solutions with a high 32% served as additional nitrogen sources. CAM is a liquid
economic effect can be used in greenhouses (in gardens, nitrogen fertilizer, the method of production of which is based
berries, vineyards and under other crops), especially in foliar on mixing in a certain ratio of aqueous solutions of urea (68-
feeding by drip application. In the subsequent stage, this 71%) and ammonium nitrate (89-91%), neutralization of free
suspension served as the basic solution for the preparation of NH3 and inhibition of the resulting product. CAM contains a
complex mixtures with a given ratio of nutrients. Based on the corrosion inhibitor (usually 0.2-0.5% P2O5 in the form of
ammonium phosphate suspension, samples of balanced NP- ammonium phosphates). The formation of crystals and the
fertilizers were prepared at mass ratios N : Р2О5 = 1 : 0.5; 1 : short-term freezing of CAM solutions in storage tanks do not
0.7 and 1 : 1. Powdered ammonium nitrate (34.6 N) and urea induce a danger, since with an increase in temperature, the
(46.2% N), powdered to a particle size of 0.25 mm, as well as crystals dissolve and the fertilizers completely restore their
a CAM solution – a urea-ammonia mixture with a content of original qualities. CAM is transported in conventional rail and
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tank trucks. CAM practically does not contain free ammonia, 1:1 11.78 11.78 99.97 97.94
which excludes nitrogen losses during loading, transportation,
storage and introducing into the soil. As shown, that with an increase in the number of nitrogen
components in the finished suspensions, although the
TABLE 3 phosphorus content decreases, without affecting the relative
Composition of liquid NP-fertilizers based on purified content of its assimilable form, the nitrogen content increases.
ammophos pulp and ammonium nitrate Increasing the pH of the ammophos suspension practically
Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq. does not affect the relative content of the assimilable form of
Mass ratio Content of components, %
N : P2О5 Р2О5total. Р2О5total. phosphorus, only slightly increases the content of its water-
N Р2О5total. % % soluble form. Suspensions prepared on the basis of
Purified ammophos suspension with pH = 4.5 ammonium phosphate solution with pH = 4.5; 5.5; 6.5 and dry
1 : 0.5 18.48 9.25 99.59 95.32 NH4NO3 contain 17.90-18.48% N, 9.25-11.94% Р2О5tot., Р2О5aq.
1 : 0.7 14.85 10.40 99.70 95.42 : Р2О5tot. = 95.32-97.55%, 14.85-15.16% N, 10.40-10.61%
1:1 11.94 11.94 99.79 95.51 Р2О5tot., Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 95.42-97.62% and 11.78-11.97% N,
Purified ammophos suspension with pH = 5.5
11.78-11.97% Р2О5tot., Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 95.51-97.89%,
1 : 0.5 17.74 8.87 99.69 96.95
respectively, for the weight ratios N : Р2О5 = 1: 0.5; 1: 0.7 and
1 : 0.7 14.59 10.21 99.78 97.12
1:1 11.78 11.78 99.84 97.51
1: 1 (Table 3). Suspensions prepared on the basis of dry urea
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5 had the highest nutrient concentrations, rather than NH4NO3 or
1 : 0.5 17.90 8.95 99.91 97.55 CAM-32. That is, urea in this respect somewhat improves the
1 : 0.7 15.16 10.61 99.94 97.62 composition of the products. So, depending on N : Р2О5 at
1:1 11.97 11.97 99.96 97.89 pulp pH 5.5, the resulting liquid NP-fertilizers have from 12.61
to 20.12% N, from 10.06 to 12.61% Р2О5tot., Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot.
To obtain LCF solutions, the calculated amount of NH4NO3, from 95.42 to 95.60% and at pH = 6.5 from 11.23 to 18.06% N,
(NH2)2CO or CAM-32 was added to the basic solution of from 9.03 to 11.23% Р2О5tot., Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. from 97.43 to
ammophos, obtained at different pH values with constant 97.96% (Table 4). A similar picture is observed with the use of
stirring. The temperature of the ammonium phosphate solution CAM-32 solution (Table 5). Only products have a relatively low
was maintained at 70°C. The compositions of liquid products nutrient content than in using nitrate and urea. The final task
are given in Tables 3-5. was to obtain a balanced liquid NPK-fertilizers based on a
purified solution of ammophos, nitrogen fertilizers and
TABLE 4 potassium chloride. In this case, the mass ratio of N : Р2О5 :
Composition of liquid NP-fertilizers based on purified K2О varied from 1: 0.5: 0.3 to 1: 1: 1. For this, to the basic
ammophos pulp and urea ammonium phosphate solution, firstly ammonium nitrate,
Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq. carbamide or CAM-32 were added, and lastly potassium
Mass ratio Content of components, %
N : P2О5
Р2О5total. Р2О5total. chloride. The compositions of LCFs are presented in Tables 6-
N Р2О5total. % % 8.
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 4.5
1 : 0.5 20.12 10.06 99.65 95.42 TABLE 6
1 : 0.7 16.08 11.26 99.78 95.53 Composition of liquid NPK-fertilizers based on purified
1:1 12.61 12.61 99.87 95.60
ammophos pulp, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 5.5
Nutrient content, % Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq.
1 : 0.5 19.64 9.82 99.79 97.05 Mass ratio
Р2О5tot Р2О5total. Р2О5tot.
1 : 0.7 15.75 11.02 99.87 97.21 N : P2O5 : K2О N Ktotal.
al % %
1:1 12.40 12.40 99.92 97.29 Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 4.5
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5 1 : 0.5 : 0.3 16.90 8.45 5.07 99.58 95.31
1 : 0.5 18.06 9.03 99.94 97.43 1 : 0.7 : 0.5 13.12 9.18 6.56 99.58 95.39
1 : 0.7 14.74 10.32 99.97 97.57 1:1:1 9.82 9.82 9.82 99.76 95.45
1:1 11.23 11.23 99.98 97.96 Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 5.5
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 16.12 8.06 4.83 99.68 96.94
TABLE 5 1 : 0.7 : 0.5 12.90 9.03 6.45 99.76 97.10
Composition of liquid NP-fertilizers based on purified 1:1:1 9.75 9.75 9.75 99.81 97.39
ammophos pulp and urea-ammonia mixture (CAM) Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5
Content of components, % Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq. 1 : 0.5 : 0.3 16.42 8.21 4.93 99.90 97.52
Mass ratio
Р2О5tot. Р2О5tot. 1 : 0.7 : 0.5 13.60 9.52 6.81 99.92 97.58
N : P2О5 N Р2О5total. % % 1:1:1 9.84 9.84 9.84 99.94 97.67
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 4.5
1 : 0.5 17.79 8.90 99.62 95.36 TABLE 7
1 : 0.7 14.43 10.10 99.74 95.49 Composition of liquid NPK-fertilizers based on purified
1:1 11.70 11.70 99.83 95.57
ammophos pulp, urea and potassium chloride
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 5.5
Nutrient content, % Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq.
1 : 0.5 17.09 8.54 99.74 96.98 Mass ratio
Р2О5total. Р2О5tot.
1 : 0.7 14.18 9.92 99.85 97.16 N : P2O5 : K2О N Р2О5total Ktotal.
% %
1:1 11.54 11.54 99.89 97.25 Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 4.5
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5 1 : 0.5 : 0.3 14.87 9.29 5.57 99.64 95.36
1 : 0.5 17.27 8.64 99.93 97.41 1 : 0.7 : 0.5 11.47 9.85 7.03 99.75 95.52
1 : 0.7 14.77 10.34 99.95 97.55 1:1:1 10.28 10.28 10.28 99.83 95.64

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Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 5.5 as a source of additional nitrogen, then the composition of
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 14.22 8.85 5.31 99.76 97.05 liquid NPK-fertilizers is as follows: for the ratio N : Р2О5 : K2О =
1 : 0.7 : 0.5 11.33 9.67 6.91 99.87 97.19 1: 0.5: 0.3 - 14.22-14.87, 5.31-5.57% K2O, 8.85-9.29% P2O5,
1:1:1 10.19 10.19 10.19 99.93 97.53 of which 95.36-97.58% of phosphorus is in water-soluble form
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5 and for N: P2O5: K2O = 1: 0.7: 0.5 - 11.33-12.08% N, 6.91-
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 14.61 8.98 5.38 99.94 97.58
7.24% K2O, 9.67-10.13% of P2O5, of which 95.52-97.66% of
1 : 0.7 : 0.5 12.08 10.13 7.24 99.97 97.66
phosphorus is in water soluble form. And for N: P2O5: K2O = 1:
1:1:1 10.22 10.22 10.22 99.99 97.79
1: 1, the solution contains 10.28% of the nutrient compound, in
the amount of 30.84% and the ratio Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 95.64-
TABLE 8
97.53% (Table 7). The use of CAM-32 results in the production
Composition of liquid NPK-fertilizers based on purified
of NPK-fertilizers, which are less concentrated in components
ammophos pulp, CAM and potassium chloride
than urea and ammonium nitrate (Table 8). Depending on pH
Nutrient content, % Р2О5assim. Р2О5aq.
Mass ratio
Р2О5total. Р2О5tot. and brands, NPK-suspensions containing from 9.60 to 17.6%
N : P2O5 : K2О N Р2О5total Ktotal. N, from 4.77 to 9.70 K2O and from 7.79 to 9.70% P2O5 were
% %
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 4.5 obtained, of which from 95.33 to 97.72% are in water-soluble
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 17.60 8.16 4.90 99.60 95.33 form for plants. It should be noted that in all the studied NP-
1 : 0.7 : 0.5 13.70 8.95 6.38 99.71 95.45 and NPK-fertilizer variants, all the phosphorus remains in a
1:1:1 9.66 9.66 9.66 99.79 95.52 form that is assimilable for plants. The material balance for the
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 5.5 production of 1 ton of liquid NPK-fertilizers was calculated for
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 16.78 7.79 6.74 99.71 96.96 the mass ratio N : Р2О5 : К2О = 1: 1: 1 using CAM-32, NH4NO3
1 : 0.7 : 0.5 13.47 8.81 7.99 99.82 97.14 or (NH2)2CO and KCl (figure).
1:1:1 9.60 9.60 9.60 99.91 97.41
Purified ammophos suspension with рН = 6.5
1 : 0.5 : 0.3 17.06 7.95 4.77 99.92 97.54
1 : 0.7 : 0.5 14.15 9.30 6.65 99.95 97.60
1 : 1: 1 9.70 9.70 9.70 99.98 97.72

It can be obviously seen, that for all brands of liquid NPK-

fertilizers, the amount of nutrient compounds is 30 percent or
more. For example, using ammonium nitrate, depending on
the pH values, the composition of the liquid and purified NPK
composition for the ratio N : Р2О5 : K2О = 1 : 0.5 : 0.3 looks
like 16.1-16.9% N, 4.83-5.07% K2O, 8.06-8.45% P2O5, of
which 95.31-97.52% is in water-soluble form. For the ratio of
N: Р2О5 : K2О = 1: 0.7: 0.5, these indicators are within 12.9-
13.6%, 9.03-9.52%, 95.39-97.58%, respectively (Table 6). For
the most demanded brand 1: 1: 1, the product contains 9.82%
of the nutrient compounds, that is, a total of 29.46%. It
contains Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 95.45-97.67%. If dried urea is used

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a) H3PO4 – 1049.99 kg; a)NH3 (g) – 82.52 kg;

b) H3PO4 – 1062.74 kg; b) NH3 (g) – 83.67 kg;
c) H3PO4 – 1103.63 kg c) NH3 (g) – 86.90 kg

P2O5 – 16.46 %
Gas phase
Ammonization
a)29.76 kg;

Ammophos pulp
a) 1100.75 kg; b)30.16 kg;
c)31.34 kg

at рН=6.5
b) 1116.25 kg;

раствор
Moisture
c) 1159.19 kg. а) 245.59 кг
b) 249.75 кг;
а) 410.19 кг c) 259.44 кг.
b) 41596 кг;
c) 431.97 кг. Drying and
a) КАС – 169.81 kg; Filtration granulation
b) NH4NO3 – 157.49 kg; Solid precipitate
c) (NH2)2CO – 124.42 kg.
Transparent

a) 690.56 kg; Dry ammophos

solution

b) 700.28 kg; a) 164.60 kg;

c) 727.40 kg. b) 166.21 kg;
P2O5 -14.05% N – 6.18% c) 172.53 kg.
P2O5 - 46,05%, N - 14,28%,
a) KCl –161.73 kg;
Mixing Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 73%,
b) KCl – 164.0 kg;
Р2О5ass.. : Р2О5tot. = 92%.
c) KCl – 170.31 kg.

Mixing Gas phase

a) 22.1 kg;
b) 21.77 kg;
c) 22.13 kg.

Liquid NPK-fertilizer – 1000 kg (N : Р2О5 : К2О = 1 : 1 : 1)

a) P2O5 –9.70 %, N – 9.70 %, K2O – 9.70 %;
b) P2O5 –9.84 %, N – 9.84 %, K2O – 9.84 %;
c) P2O5 –10.22 %, N – 10.22 %, K2O – 10.22%.

Thus, the low concentrated WPA is quite suitable for the assimilable and aqueous forms of phosphorus (46-47%
preparation of liquid complex fertilizers after its purification by Р2О5tot., Р2О5ass. : Р2О5tot. = 90-92% и Р2О5aq. : Р2О5tot. = 73-
the precipitation method. In order to increase the concentration 79%) is proposed as an independent solid nitrogen-
of nutrient elements, it is recommended to use ammonium phosphorus fertilizer – ammophos;
nitrate, urea, CAM, and as a potassium component – - based on the purified ammonium phosphate
potassium chloride. In the case of the use of sulphate, suspension – a basic solution (containing 14.05-14.66% P2O5
phosphate or potassium nitrate can be obtained more and 4.77-6.18% N) of urea, ammonium nitrate, CAM-32, and
concentrated towards to nutritional components chlorine-free potassium chloride, samples of balanced in nutrients of NP-
LCFs. and NPK-fertilizers were obtained. So, with the use of urea,
the 1: 1: 1 product brand contains 10.28% of the nutrient
compound, that is, in total more than 30%;
4 CONCLUSION - the material balance for the process of obtaining
In the process of obtaining NP- and NPK-fertilizers by liquid NPK-fertilizers was calculated for the mass ratio of N:
ammonization (to pH = 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5) slightly concentrated P2O5: K2O = 1: 1: 1 using CAM-32, NH4NO3 or (NH2)2CO and
WPA, followed by the addition of nitrogen and potassium KC1.
fertilizers into the ammophos pulp: - in order to increase the
marketability of LCFs, that is, to obtain transparent
suspensions, and to increase water-soluble phosphorus in
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