Topic

Multiplying Greater
14 Numbers
1
How many passengers can
be seated in a cable car? You
will find out in Lesson 14-5.

2
About how much does a
manatee weigh compared to
a golden eagle? You will find
out in Lesson 14-1.

292

27289_292-293_001 292 12/18/06 6:28:27 PM

 Vocabulary
Choose the best term from the box.
• addends • product
3 • factors • sum
How far can a jerboa jump?
You will find out in Lesson 14-6.
1. When you add to combine numbers,
another name for the total is the ? .
4
About how many baseballs
are used during one inning 2. The Commutative Property of
of a major league game? You Multiplication says that the ? can be
will find out in Lesson 14-3. multiplied in any order and the answer
will be the same.

3. In the number sentence 9  6  54, the

number 54 is called the ? .

Multiplication

Multiply.

4. 5  9 5. 8  7 6. 6  6

7. 4  7 8. 7  5 9. 4  2

10. 7  10 11. 8  9 12. 6  8

Arrays

Draw an array of dots for each multiplication.

13. 3  9 14. 4  8

15. Write a Problem Write a problem for

the number sentence 7  6  ■.

Topic 14 293

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 Lesson

14-1 Using Mental Math place-value blocks

to Multiply
How can you multiply by multiples of
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems 10, 100, and 1,000?
involving multiplication
of multidigit numbers Use place-value blocks to find each product.
by one-digit numbers
(3,671 ⫻ 3 ⫽ ).
6  100 is 6 groups of 1 hundred or 600. 5  1,000 is 5 groups of 1 thousand or 5,000.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–8, use place-value blocks or 9. In Lesson 7-4, you used patterns to
patterns to find each product. multiply by 10. What pattern do
you see when you multiply by 100?
1. 8  100 2. 7  1,000
by 1,000?
3. 6  1,000 4. 9  100
10. The memory card for Jay’s digital
camera holds 70 pictures. How
5. 6  40 6. 3  700
many pictures can 4 memory
cards hold?
7. 9  50 8. 5  3,000
11. Your friend says, “The product
6  5 is 30, so 6  500 is 300.”
Is he correct? Explain.

Independent Practice
In 12–27, use mental math to find the product.
12. 4  10 13. 9  100 14. 2  1,000 15. 3  60

16. 8  80 17. 6  50 18. 40  7 19. 900  4

20. 500  9 21. 70  5 22. 100  8 23. 2  6,000

24. 200  8 25. 300  6 26. 4  500 27. 3  400

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294 *For another example, see Set A on page 318.

27289_294-295.indd 294 11/28/06 4:55:58 PM

 Find 3  70. Find 4  300. Find 2  4,000.
Use a pattern.

248
2  40  80
2  400  800
3 groups of 7 tens  21 tens 4 groups of 3 hundreds  12 hundreds 2  4,000  8,000
3  70  210 4  300  1,200

Problem Solving

For 28 and 29, use the table at the right.

Use of Water
28. If you use a washing machine Estimated Number
Use
for 3 loads, how many gallons of Gallons
of water would you use? Draw Bath 50
pictures of place-value blocks to Dishwasher
10
show the problem. (1 load)
Shower
20
29. Writing to Explain How much (10 minutes)
water would you save if you took a Toilet
5
(1 flush)
10-minute shower instead of a bath
Washing Machine
each day for 5 days? Explain how (1 load)
50
you solved the problem.

30. Each person in the United States 31. A golden eagle weighs about
uses about 200 gallons of water each 11 pounds. A manatee can weigh
day. About 125 gallons are used in 100 times as much as a golden eagle.
the bathroom. How many gallons of How much can a manatee weigh?
water are used in other ways?

32. An African elephant drinks about 33. There are 6 floors in a building. Each
50 gallons of water each day. How floor has 20 windows. Some windows
many gallons of water does the have 2 curtains. How many windows
elephant drink in 7 days? in all does the building have?
A 240 C 120
B 122 D 28

Lesson 14-1 295

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 Lesson

14-2 Estimating Products

How can you estimate products?
Bamboo is one of the fastest growing plants on Earth.
NS 2.4 Solve It can grow about 36 inches in one day. Can it grow
simple problems
involving multiplication more than 200 inches in one week?
of multidigit numbers by
one-digit numbers
(3,671 ⫻ 3 = ).
1st day 2nd day 3rd day 4th day 5th day 6th day 7th day
36 in.  36 in.  36 in.  36 in.  36 in.  36 in.  36 in.

Other Examples
A bamboo plant can grow about Each stem on a bamboo plant can grow
252 inches in 1 week. Does it grow about 1,080 inches in 1 year. If a bamboo
more than 2,500 inches in 7 weeks? plant has 6 stems, does the plant produce
more than 5,000 inches of stems in 1 year?
Estimate 7  252.
Estimate 6  1,080.
Round 252 to the nearest hundred.
7  252 Round 1,080 to the nearest thousand.
252 rounds to 300. 6  1,080
7  300  2,100 1,080 rounds to 1,000.
6  1,000  6,000
7  252 is about 2,100.
6  1,080 is about 6,000.
2,100  2,500
So, the bamboo plant does not 6,000  5,000
grow more than 2,500 inches in The bamboo plant can produce more
7 weeks. than 5,000 inches of stems in 1 year.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–4, estimate each product. 5. In the example about how much
stems grow in 1 year, is the exact
1. 6  18 2. 3  52
answer more than or less than
the estimate of 6,000? How do
3. 5  749 4. 4  1,965
you know?

296 *For another example, see Set B on page 318.

27289_296-297_001 296 1/18/07 12:30:30 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
Estimate 7  36. Compare the estimate to 200 inches.
Round 36 to the nearest ten.
7  36 280  200
36 rounds to 40.
7  40  280 So, a bamboo plant can grow more
7  36 is about 280. than 200 inches in 1 week.

Independent Practice
In 6–15, estimate each product.
6. 9  47 7. 2  613 8. 4  751 9. 7  1,164 10. 4  2,789

11. 2  46 12. 8  315 13. 5  890 14. 3  6,483 15. 4  709

Problem Solving

For 16–18, use the graph at the right. Fast-Growing Plants

16. Writing to Explain Does a giant
bamboo plant grow more than Callie grass
100 inches in 6 days? Explain how
to round to estimate the answer. Eucalyptus
tree

17. Reasonableness Jim says a Giant

bamboo
eucalyptus tree grows more in 8 days
than Callie grass grows in 2 days. Is 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
his statement reasonable? Explain. Growth per day in Inches

18. How much more does giant bamboo grow in one day
than Callie grass?

19. Mr. James is buying 5 trees. Each tree

costs $199. Which number sentence shows the best way to
estimate the total cost of the trees?
A 5  $100  $500 C 5  $200  $1,000
B 5  $200  $205 D 10  $200  $2,000

Lesson 14-2 297

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 Lesson

14-3 Multiplication and place-value blocks

Arrays
How can you use arrays to show 4 rows
MR 2.3 Use a variety of
methods, such as words, how to multiply with greater numbers?
numbers, symbols, charts,
graphs, tables, diagrams,
and models, to explain
Lava lamps in a store are arranged in 4 equal
mathematical reasoning. rows. What is the total number of lava lamps?
Also NS 3.1, Gr. 2
Use repeated addition,
arrays, and counting
Choose an Operation Multiply to find the
by multiples to do total for an array.
multiplication.

13 lamps in
each row

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1–4, use place-value blocks or draw 5. In the example above, what
an array to find each product. multiplication fact could you use
to find the total number of ones?
1. 5  14 2. 3  21
6. Light bulbs are arranged in 3 equal
3. 2  38 4. 4  29
rows on a shelf in the store. There
are 17 bulbs in each row. What is the
total number of bulbs on the shelf?

Independent Practice
In 7–11, draw an array to find You can draw lines to show tens, and Xs to show
the product. ones. This picture shows 23.

7. 3  26 8. 5  15 9. 2  18 10. 4  16 11. 7  21

In 12–21, find each product. You may use place-value blocks or

draw a picture to help.
12. 2  47 13. 6  28 14. 5  31 15. 3  45 16. 4  32

17. 8  15 18. 3  29 19. 5  22 20. 2  38 21. 4  19

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298 *For another example, see Set C on page 318.

27289_298-299_298 298 10/4/07 12:12:45 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
Use an array to show 4  13. Find how many in all.

4 tens 12 ones
Count by tens and then count on with the ones
4 rows with 1 ten and 3 ones in to find the total.
each row. 10, 20, 30, 40
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52
There are 52 lava lamps.

Problem Solving

For 22 and 23, use the table.

22. Jake walked for 1 minute. How many
Jake’s Heart Rate
times did Jake’s heart beat?
Number of Heartbeats
Activity
in 10 Seconds
23. Strategy Focus Solve. Use the
strategy Try, Check, and Revise. Bicycling 21
Resting 13
While doing one of the activities,
Running 22
Jake counted his heartbeats. He
found that his heart rate in one Walking 18

minute was greater than 120, but

less than 130. Which activity was The number of heartbeats in
he doing? Explain how you solved 1 minute is 6 times as many as
in 10 seconds.
the problem.

24. The soup cans in a store display were 25. What multiplication sentence could
arranged in rows. There were 27 cans you write for this array?
in each row. There were 3 rows. Which
number sentence describes the array
of soup cans?
26. In one inning, each baseball was
used for 7 pitches. Write a number
sentence that shows
A 3  27  81 C 6  21  27 the total number
of pitches thrown
B 6  21  126 D 2  27  54 that inning.
4 baseballs
are used
each inning.

Lesson 14-3 299

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 Lesson

14-4 Breaking Apart place-value blocks

to Multiply 126 parking

spaces in each
row
How can you use breaking apart
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems to multiply with greater numbers?
involving multiplication
of multidigit numbers by A parking lot has the same number of spaces
one-digit numbers
(3,671 ⫻ 3 = ). in each row. How many spaces are in the lot?
Also MR 1.2 Determine
when and how to break Choose an Operation Multiply to find the 3 rows
a problem into simpler
parts. total for an array.

Other Examples

You can break apart to multiply with four-digit numbers.

A ball park has 2 parking lots. There are 1,345 spaces in each lot.
What is the total number of parking spaces in the lots?
What You Show What You Write

Use an array to show 2  1,345. 2  1,000  2 thousands or 2,000

2  300  6 hundreds or 600
2  40  8 tens or 80
2  5  10 ones or 10
2,000  600  80  10  2,690
There are 2,690 parking spaces in the lots.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
Copy and complete. 4. In the example at the top of the
page, what three groups is the array
1. 4  136
broken into?
4  1 hundred  ■ hundreds or 400
4  3 tens  ■ tens or 120
5. The buses at a bus garage are parked
4  6 ones  24 ones or ■
in 4 equal rows. There are 239 buses
■+■+■■ in each row. What is the total number
of buses parked at the garage?
In 2 and 3, find each product. You may use
place-value blocks or drawings to help.
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300 *For another example, see Set D on page 319.

27289_300-301_001 300 12/13/06 5:18:51 PM

 Step 1 Step 2
Use an array to Add each part to get the product.
show 3  126. 3 rows of 1 hundred  3 hundreds or 300
3 rows of 2 tens  6 tens or 60
3 rows of 6 ones  18 ones or 18
300  60  18  378
300, 60, and 18 are called partial products
because they are parts of the product.
3  100  300 3  126  378
3  20  60 There are 378 parking spaces in the lot.
3  6  18

Independent Practice
In 6–10, find each product. You may use place-value blocks or
drawings to help.
6. 2  49 7. 3  168 8. 6  327 9. 2  3,751 10. 4  2,365

Problem Solving

For 11–13, find the total number of miles

Distance Traveled
traveled in the number of weeks given. Kind of Job
in 1 Week

11. Bicycle messenger: 6 weeks Nurse Walks 18 miles

Bicycle messenger Rides 192 miles
12. Nurse: 7 weeks Truck driver Drives 2,564 miles

13. Truck driver: 3 weeks

Bookcase
$48
14. Raoul is counting the chairs in 8 rows.
Each row has 108 chairs. Which number
sentence shows the best way to estimate
Chair
the total number of chairs in the rows? $29
A 8  140  148 C 8  100  800
B 10  140  150 D 8  200  1,600

Lamp
15. Nilda bought a bookcase and a desk. $32
What was the total cost of the items?

16. Estimation Walt has $80. Does he have Desk

$43
enough money to buy a chair and a desk?
Explain how to round to estimate.
Lesson 14-4 301

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 Lesson

14-5 Using an Expanded place-value blocks

Algorithm
How can you use place value to multiply?
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems How many calories are in 3 peaches?
involving multiplication Calories
of multidigit numbers Find 3  46.
by one-digit numbers Number of
(3,671 ⫻ 3 ⫽ ). Fruit
Estimate: 3  50  150 calories
Peach 46
Orange 35
Pear 40

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, copy and complete. Use For 5–7, use the example above.
place-value blocks or draw pictures
5. What factors give the partial
to help.
product 18? What factors give
1. 16 2. 34 the partial product 120?
 3  5
18 20 6. What is the next step after you find
❚❚ ❚❚❚ the partial products?
❚❚ ❚❚❚
7. How many calories are in 2 oranges?
In 3 and 4, find each product. You may use
place-value blocks or drawings to help.
3. 67 4. 54
 2  7

Independent Practice
Leveled Practice In 8 and 9, copy and You can draw lines to show tens, and Xs
complete. In 10–12, find each product. to show ones. This picture shows 27.
You may use place-value blocks or
drawings to help.
8. 36 9. 53 10. 18 11. 42 12. 3  65
 2  4  7  6
12 12
❚❚ ❚❚❚
❚❚ ❚❚❚ eTools
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302 *For another example, see Set E on page 319.

27289_302-303_302 302 10/4/07 12:13:51 PM

 What You Show What You Write
Make an array for 3  46. 46
× 3
18 Partial products
+ 120
138
There are 138 calories in 3 peaches.
Multiply tens: Multiply ones: Is the answer reasonable?
3  40  120 3  6  18 Yes. 138 is close to the estimate of 150.

Problem Solving

13. Sam’s family is planning a vacation. A round-trip ticket costs twice as

The table shows the cost of each much as a one-way ticket.
one-way plane ticket from his town
to three cities.
Airfare
a How much more is a one-way
ticket to Atlanta than a one-way Cost of
City
One-Way Ticket
ticket to Chicago?
Atlanta $87
b How much would Sam’s family
Chicago $59
spend for 3 round-trip tickets to
Kansas City? Kansas City $49

14. Reasoning How can knowing that 15. Algebra The product of this whole
5  14  70 help you find 5  16? number and 25 is greater than 50 but
Explain your strategy. less than 100. What’s the number?

16. How many passengers in all can be 17. Writing to Explain To find 24  7,
seated in 4 cable cars? Joel adds the partial products 28 and
14. Is he correct? Explain.
There are seats for
34 passengers on
each cable car.
18. Mr. Cruz weighed 8 cartons. Each
carton weighed 17 pounds. How
many pounds was this in all?
A 25 pounds C 856 pounds
B 136 pounds D 8,056 pounds

Lesson 14-5 303

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 Lesson

14-6 Multiplying 2-Digit by place-value blocks

1-Digit Numbers
How do you regroup to multiply?
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems The grass carp fish can eat 3 times its weight
involving multiplication
of multidigit numbers in plant food each day. How much food
by one-digit numbers
(3,671 ⫻ 3 ⫽ ). can this grass carp eat each day?
This grass carp
Find 3  26. weighs 26 pounds.
Estimate: 3  30  90

Another Example How do you regroup to multiply without

using place-value blocks?
? feet in all
A bluefin tuna can swim 67 feet in 1 second.
How many feet can it swim in 4 seconds? 67 67 67 67

Find 4  67.
Number of feet the tuna
Estimate: 4  70  280 swims each second

Step 1 Step 2

Multiply the ones. Multiply the tens.

Regroup, if needed. Add regrouped tens.
2 2
4  7  28 ones 67 67
4  6 tens  24 tens
Regroup 28 ones × 4 24 tens  2 tens  26 tens × 4
as 2 tens 8 ones.
8 268

The tuna can swim 268 feet.

Is the answer reasonable?
Yes, 268 is close to the estimate of 280.

Explain It
1. Why is a small 2 written above the 6? Why do you add
the 2 instead of multiply with it?
2. A dolphin can swim 44 feet in 1 second. How many
feet can it swim in 5 seconds?

304

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 Step 1 Step 2
Multiply the ones. Regroup, if needed. Multiply the tens. Add regrouped tens.

1 1
26 3  2 tens  6 tens 26
6 tens  1 ten  7 tens
× 3 × 3
8 78

3  6  18 ones
Regroup 18 ones as 1 ten 8 ones. The fish would eat 78 pounds of food.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, copy and complete. You may 5. In the example above, why is the
use drawings to help. estimate greater than the exact
answer?
1. ❚ 2. ❚
13 24
6. In the example above, how much
 6  7
food could this grass carp eat in
❚8 ❚❚ 8 4 days?
In 3 and 4, find each product. You may
7. A blue shark can swim 36 feet in
use place-value blocks or drawings
1 second. How many feet can it
to help.
swim in 3 seconds?
3. 78 4. 35
 4  8

Independent Practice

In 8–15, estimate and then find each product. You may use
place-value blocks or drawings to help.
8. 49 9. 37 10. 64 11. 52
 2  3  5  9

12. 6  53 13. 7  38 14. 4  44 15. 5  42

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*For another example, see Set E on page 319. Lesson 14-6 305

27289_304-307.indd 305 11/28/06 5:02:23 PM

 Independent Practice
In 16–24, find each product.
16. 46 17. 23 18. 85 19. 19 20. 89
 7  9  4  6  2

21. 2  48 22. 91  3 23. 86  5 24. 6  47

Problem Solving

25. The ostrich is the fastest bird on land. An ostrich can run
66 feet in 1 second. The cheetah is the fastest mammal on
land. A cheetah can run 94 feet in 1 second. How many
fewer feet can an ostrich run in 1 second than a cheetah?

26. The length of the body of this 4 inches

jerboa is shown in the picture.
How far can this jerboa jump? A jerboa
can jump 25 times
its body length.

27. Estimation Dionne used rounding to estimate the product

of 58 and another number. Her estimate of the product was
300. Which number is the best choice for the other factor?
A 3 B 5 C 8 D 10

28. At a museum, the visitors formed 8 tour groups

to go on tours. Each group had 32 visitors. How
many visitors were going on tours?
A 40 C 256
B 246 D 2,416 4 times
as many

29. The Columbia Center building has 4 times as many

floors as a 19-floor building. How many more floors
does the Columbia Center building have than the
19-floor building?
19 floors
Columbia
Center

Algebra For 30–32, copy and complete. Use , , or .

30. 53  6 䊊 308 31. 19  5 䊊 145 32. 24  4 䊊 12  8
306

27289_304-307.indd 306 11/28/06 5:02:58 PM

 Using Multiplication Properties
Example: ■80
Remember to use the properties of multiplication to
What number multiplied by 8
help you complete number sentences. is equal to 0?
Commutative (Order) Property You can multiply
factors in any order and the product is the same. You can use the Zero Property.
5995 080

Identity (One) Property When you multiply a Example:

number and 1, the product is that number. 1  8  8 6  (9  7)  (6  ■)  7
Zero Property When you multiply a number and What number makes the two
sides equal?
0, the product is 0. 0  7  0
Associative (Grouping) Property You can Use the Associative Property.
change the grouping of the factors, and the product 6  (9  7)  (6  9)  7
is the same. (3  2)  4  3  (2  4)

Copy and complete with the number that makes the two sides equal.
1. 10  ■  10 2. 12  8  8  ■ 3. 6  (2  5)  (6  ■)  5

4. ■50 5. ■  7  7  11 6. (4  3)  ■  4  (3  8)

7. 6  ■  9  6 8. ■99 9. (■  7)  2  5  (7  2)

In 10 and 11, copy and complete the number sentence. Solve the problem.
10. Gemma made 8 rows of stickers on 11. Hal and Den each have copies of the
a sheet with 9 stickers in each row. same photos. Hal arranges 5 photos
Then she placed the same number on each of 6 pages in 2 albums. Den
of stickers in 9 rows on another needs 5 pages in 2 albums for the
sheet. How many stickers were in same photos. How many photos are
each of these rows? on each page in Den’s albums?
899■ (6  5)  2  (5  ■)  2
How many stickers did she have in all? How many photos does each
boy have?

12. Write a Problem Write a problem to match

the number sentence on the right. ■  12  12  3

Lesson 14-6 307

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 Lesson

14 -7 Multiplying 3- and
4-Digit Numbers
How can you multiply greater numbers? 257 ft
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems Mrs. Roth is designing a building that
involving multiplication 257 ft 257 ft
of multidigit numbers by is shaped like a hexagon. What is the
one-digit numbers
(3,671 ⴛ 3 ⴝ __). total distance around the building?
Also MR 2.1 Use
estimation to verify Choose an Operation Find 6 ⫻ 257. 257 ft 257 ft
the reasonableness of
calculated results. Estimate: 6 ⫻ 300 ⫽ 1,800 257 ft

Another Example How can you multiply thousands?

Mr. Kim is designing a factory that is shaped like a square. Each
side of the factory is 1,728 feet long. What is the total distance
around the factory?
Choose an Operation You have already learned that
multiplication can be used to join equal groups. Since 4 equal
groups of 1,728 are being joined, multiply. Find 4 ⫻ 1,728.
Estimate: 4 ⫻ 2,000 ⫽ 8,000

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Multiply the Multiply the tens. Multiply the hundreds. Multiply the
ones. Regroup Add any regrouped Add any regrouped thousands. Add any
if needed. tens. Regroup hundreds. Regroup regrouped thousands.
if needed. if needed.
3 13 2 13 2 13
1,728 1,728 1,728 1, 728
× 4 × 4 × 4 × 4
2 12 912 6,9 1 2
The total distance around the factory is 6,912 feet.
The answer is reasonable.

Explain It
1. What does the small 3 mean in Step 1?
2. Mrs. Vega is designing a park that is shaped like an
equilateral triangle. Each side of the park is 2,456 feet
long. What is the total distance around the park?

308

27289_308-311_001 308 1/18/07 12:30:49 PM

 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Multiply the ones. Multiply the tens. Multiply the hundreds. Add
Regroup if needed. Add any regrouped any regrouped hundreds.
tens. Regroup
if needed.
4 34 34
257 257 257
× 6 × 6 × 6
2 42 1,542
The total distance around
the building is 1,542 feet.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1– 4, copy and complete. Find the In 5–7, use the example above.
product.
5. After you multiply the tens, how
1. ❚2 2. ❚❚ many regrouped tens do you add?
249 187
 3  5 6. Writing to Explain Is the answer
❚❚ 7 ❚❚ 5 1,542 feet reasonable? Explain.

3. ❚ ❚5 4. ❚ ❚❚ 7. Suppose Mrs. Roth changes the

1,328 2,39 6 shape of the building into an
 7  4 octagon with each side 257 feet
❚ ,❚❚ 6 ❚ ,❚❚ 4 long. What would the total distance
around the building be?

Independent Practice
Leveled Practice In 8 and 9, copy and complete. In 10 –17, find
each product.
8. ❚❚ 9. ❚❚ 10. 609 11. 1,946 12. 5,172
318 4,057  8  2  9
 9  6
❚ ,❚❚ 2 ❚❚ ,❚❚ 2

13. 746 14. 2,803 15. 492 16. 3,748 17. 142
 3  5  7  4  8

*For another example, see Set E on page 319. Lesson 14-7 309

27289_308-311_309 309 10/4/07 12:14:25 PM

 Independent Practice
In 18–22, find the product.
18. 518 19. 3,792 20. 6,240 21. 904 22. 1,637
 4  7  6  5  9

Problem Solving

23. Marci enjoys visiting bridges. The

Bridge Lengths
table shows the lengths of bridges
Name of Bridge Length
in different cities.
Delaware Memorial 2,150 ft
a How many feet would Marci walk
Golden Gate 4,200 ft
if she walked across the Rainbow
Bridge and then walked back Rainbow 950 ft

across the bridge to where she St. Johns 1,207 ft

started?
b Which bridge is almost 1,000 feet c How many feet longer is the
longer than the St. Johns Bridge? Golden Gate Bridge than the
St. Johns Bridge?

24. Reasoning If you know that 25. Algebra The product of 3 and
5  4,200  21,000, how can you this 3-digit number is greater than
use this product to find 6  4,200? 600 but less than 606. What is the
Explain your answer. 3-digit number?

26. The Chrysler Building is 1,046 feet 27. On Sunday, 2,158 cars drove over
tall. The Sears Tower is 1,450 feet tall. a bridge. Four times as many cars
How many feet taller is the Sears drove over the bridge on Monday
Tower than the Chrysler Building? as on Sunday. How many cars drove
over the bridge on Monday?
Sears Tower 1,450 feet tall
A 6,158 C 8,722
Chrysler
1,046 ?
Building B 8,632 D 9,632

28. The Transamerica Pyramid, located in 29. A hippopotamus can eat 130 pounds
San Francisco, California, has 48 floors. of vegetable matter a day. How
The 48th floor is 2,025 square feet. many pounds of vegetable matter
Round 2,025 to the nearest hundred. can a hippopotamus eat in a week?
A 91 C 910
B 137 D 1,040

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 Read the article below. Then, answer the questions.
Not Just a Pretty Design
The garden spider is finally still after about an hour of work. It is
sitting near the center of the web it has made. It is waiting for an
insect to become trapped. The insect will be its food.
The web looks like a bicycle wheel with spokes. The silk threads
that come out from the center point are called radial threads.
Other silk threads go across the spokes to make circle shapes,
This garden spider’s
or spirals. These spiral threads are sticky. web has 30 radial
A garden spider’s web can be as wide as 16 inches. The radial threads.
threads in the web are between 5 and 10 inches long. There
are hundreds of spiral threads. Some of the spiral threads
are less than 1 inch long. Others can be as long as 2 inches.
You can see that the garden spider’s web is more
than just a pretty design. It is a complex trap with
many parts.

1. In the last sentence of the article, what does the

word complex mean?

2. What do you think will happen next?

3. If each radial thread is about 8 inches long, about how long in

all are the radial threads of this web?

In 4 and 5, use the table.

4. How much longer is a Tarantula than a
Body Length
Funnel-web spider? Kind of Spider
(millimeters)
Black Widow 19 mm
5. Strategy Focus Use the strategy Draw a
Picture and Write a Number Sentence to Funnel-web 12 mm

solve this problem. Tarantula 100 mm

Wolf 25 mm
Which kind of spider is about 5 times as
long as the Black Widow?

Lesson 14-7 311

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 Lesson Problem Solving

14-8 Draw a Picture and

Write a Number Sentence
MR 2.0 Use strategies, Oscar bought 5 cases of bottled
skills, and concepts in
finding solutions. water. How many bottles of water
NS 2.4 Solve
simple problems did Oscar buy?
involving multiplication
of multidigit numbers by 24 bottles
one-digit numbers per case
(3,671 ⴛ 3 ⴝ __).
Also NS 2.0

Another Example Regular case: Jumbo

18 boxes case

Melody wants to buy a case of juice boxes.

There are 3 times as many boxes in a jumbo
case as in a regular case. How many juice boxes
are in a jumbo case?

Plan Solve Check

Use a picture or a diagram to Find 3 ⫻ 18. Make sure the
show what you know. 2 answer is reasonable.
18 Estimate to check.
18
Regular Case × 3
3 times
18 rounds to 20.
18 18 18 54
Jumbo Case as many 20 ⫻ 3 ⫽ 60
? juice boxes A jumbo case has
54 is close to 60,
54 juice boxes.
Then write a number sentence so the answer is
to find the number that is reasonable.
3 times as many as 18.
3 ⫻ 18 ⫽ ■

Explain It
1. Number Sense Why can’t you use the same type of
diagram for this problem as you used for the problem
at the top of the page?
2. Describe another way that you could check that the
answer to the problem above is correct.

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 Plan Solve Check
Use a picture or a diagram Find 5 ⫻ 24. Make sure the answer
to show what you know. 24 is reasonable.
? bottles in all × 5 Estimate to check.
120 24 rounds to 20.
24 24 24 24 24
Oscar bought 20 ⫻ 5 ⫽ 100
120 bottles of water.
Number of bottles The answer is
in each case
reasonable because
You know the number in 120 is close to 100.
each group and that the
groups are equal. So you can
multiply to find the total.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. A doll collection is displayed in 2. Writing to Explain Why do you
8 rows with 16 dolls in each row. How multiply to solve Problem 1?
many dolls are in the collection?
? dolls in all 3. Write a Problem Write a problem
that can be solved by drawing a
16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 picture. Draw the picture. Solve.

Number of dolls in each row

Independent Practice
4. Eduardo has 36 football cards. He has 3 times
as many baseball cards. How many baseball
cards does he have?
Football cards 36
• What do I know?
3 times
Baseball cards 36 36 36 as many • What am I asked to find?

? baseball cards in all

• What diagram can I use to help
understand the problem?

5. Writing to Explain Noah has 95 books to • Can I use addition, subtraction,

multiplication, or division?
put on 4 shelves. If he puts 24 books on each
• Is all of my work correct?
shelf, will all the books fit on the shelves?
• Did I answer the right question?
?
• Is my answer reasonable?
24 24 24 24

Number of books on each shelf

*For another example, see Set F on page 319. Lesson 14-8 313

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 Independent Practice
The table shows about how many calories a 100-pound person
uses doing different activities. Use the table for 6–8.
6. Martha went jogging for 15 minutes.
Calories Used in 1 Minute
How many calories did she use?
Activity Number of Calories
? calories in all
Biking 5
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Jogging 8
Rollerblading 4
Number of calories used each minute
Walking 4
7. Julio walked for 25 minutes. Then he
went rollerblading for 20 minutes.
How many calories did he use?

8. Cathy plans to ride her bike for 9. Frank rode his bike for an hour.
15 minutes every day. How many Then he went rollerblading for
calories will she use in a week? 25 minutes. How many more
minutes did he spend riding his
bike than rollerblading?

10. Estimation The U.S. Department of 11. Stacy has 3 bags of red beads.
Health reports that many children Cynthia has 2 more bags than Stacy.
spend about 32 hours each week in There are 24 beads in each bag.
front of a computer screen. About a How many beads does each girl
how many hours is that in a month? have?
1 month is about 4 weeks. b How many beads do the girls
have all together?

12. Mike earns $4 an hour doing yard 13. Katy read 46 pages of a book on
work. He worked 12 hours last week Monday. She read 25 pages on
and 23 hours this week. Which Tuesday. She still has 34 pages to
number sentence shows how much read. Which number sentence shows
he earned this week? how many pages are in the book?
A $23 ⫹ $12 ⫽ ■ A 46 ⫹ 25 ⫽ ■
B 12 ⫻ $4 ⫽ ■ B 46 ⫺ 34 ⫽ ■
C 23 ⫻ $4 ⫽ ■ C (46 ⫹ 25) ⫺ 34 ⫽ ■
D (23 ⫻ $4) ⫻ 7 ⫽ ■ D 46 ⫹ 25 ⫹ 34 ⫽ ■

314

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 Write the place of the underlined digit. Then write its value.
1. 439,702 2. 27,149 3. 813,658

Find each sum or difference. Estimate to check if the answer

is reasonable.
4. 56 5. 302 6. 641 7. 9,875
 89  74  253  4,136

Estimate and then find each product.

8. 47 9. 8  93 10. 726 11. 1,946 12. 8,504
 6  4  3  7

Find each quotient.

13. 36  6  ❚ 14. 14  2  ❚ 15. 0  4  ❚ 16. 81  9  ❚

Add or subtract. Write each sum or difference in simplest form.

17. _14  _14 3

18. __ 1
 __
12 12
6
19. __ 2
 __
10 10
20. _78  _38

Error Search Find each product or quotient that is not correct.

Write it correctly and explain the error.
21. 3  16  38 22. 5  45  225 23. 24  3  7 24. 42  6  7

Number Sense
Estimating and Reasoning Write true or false for each statement.
If it is false, explain why.
25. The product of 9 and 0 is greater than 90.

26. The quotient 18  2 is less than 10.

27. The difference 8,116  8,001 is greater than 100.

28. The product 7  19 is greater than 7  30.

29. The product 3  3  3 is greater than 30.

Lesson 14-8 315

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 1. Jillian bought 7 packages of paper. 4. Vella’s bookcase has 6 shelves. Each
Each package had 500 sheets. How shelf displays 3 dolls. Which number
many sheets of paper did Jillian sentence shows how many dolls are
buy? (14-1) displayed in the bookcase? (14-8)
? dolls in all

3 3 3 3 3 3

Dolls on
each shelf

A 6 ⫻ 3 ⫽ 18
A 35,000 B 6⫼3⫽2
B 3,500 C 6⫹3⫽9
C 135 D 6⫺3⫽3
D 35
5. Henry bought 3 bags of oranges.
2. There are 128 fluid ounces in a Each bag had 16 oranges. How many
gallon. If Stephanie made 5 gallons oranges did he buy? Use the array to
of punch, which number sentence solve. (14-3)
shows the best way to estimate how
many fluid ounces of punch she
made? (14-2)
A 5 ⫻ 100 ⫽ 500 A 19
B 5 ⫻ 200 ⫽ 1,000 B 38
C 10 ⫻ 100 ⫽ 1,000 C 48
D 10 ⫻ 200 ⫽ 2,000 D 54

3. Mr. Gomez bought 26 packages of 6. When you multiply 6 ⫻ 25, which pair
juice boxes for the school picnic. of partial products do you find? (14-4)
Each package had 8 juice boxes. A 300 and 12
How many juice boxes did he
buy? (14-6) B 30 and 12

A 214 C 30 and 120

B 208 D 300 and 120

C 202
D 168

316

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 7. What is 6  804? (14-7) 11. What is the product? (14-5)
A 4,224 37
 6
B 4,624
42
C 4,804 ❚❚❚
D 4,824 ❚❚❚
8. Which addition sentence shows A 60
how to use partial products to find B 122
2  178? (14-4) C 192
D 222

12. Which number sentence comes next

27289_T315a.eps in the pattern? (14-1)
8  6  48
8  60  480
8  600  4,800
A 200  140  16  356
A 8  600  48,000
B 200  140  14  354
B 8  6,000  48,000
C 200  14  16  230
C 80  60  4,800
D 2  14  8  24
D 80  600  48,000
9. What is 4  7,375? (14-7)
13. Fun and Learn Preschool bought
A 28,280 112 bags of sand. Each bag weighed
B 29,200 5 pounds. How many pounds of
sand did they buy? (14-7)
C 29,480
A 117 pounds
D 29,500
B 550 pounds
10. Vi gets $35 a day to babysit. How
C 560 pounds
much does she get if she babysits
9 days? (14-6) D 5,510 pounds
A $2,745
B $324
C $315
D $275

Topic 14 Test Prep 317

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 Set A, pages 294–295

Find 7 × 4,000. Remember that when the product

of a basic fact contains a zero, that
Use basic facts and patterns.
zero is not part of the pattern.
7⫻4 ⫽ 28 basic fact Use place-value blocks or patterns
7 ⫻ 40 ⫽ 280 to find the product.
7 ⫻ 400 ⫽ 2,800
7 ⫻ 4,000 ⫽ 28,000 1. 7 ⫻ 300 2. 9 ⫻ 6,000

7 ⫻ 4,000 ⫽ 28,000 3. 4 ⫻ 5,000 4. 5 ⫻ 200

5. 8 ⫻ 900 6. 3 ⫻ 3,000

Set B, pages 296–297

Estimate 6 ⫻ 218. Remember that you round up if

the next digit to the right of the
Round 218 to the nearest hundred.
rounding place is 5 or greater and
Then multiply.
round down if that digit is 4 or less.
6 ⫻ 218 Estimate each product.
218 rounds to 200.
6 ⫻ 200 = 1,200 1. 5 ⫻ 39 2. 8 ⫻ 67

6 ⫻ 200 is about 1,200. 3. 3 ⫻ 472 4. 6 ⫻ 821

5. 4 ⫻ 2,653 6. 9 ⫻ 1,379

Set C, pages 298–299

Draw an array to find 4 × 23. Remember to keep your

drawings simple.
Find each product. Use place-value
blocks or draw a picture to help.
Count by tens.
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 1. 3 ⫻ 27 2. 4 ⫻ 18

Then count by ones to find the total. 3. 5 ⫻ 14 4. 3 ⫻ 32

81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92
5. 7 ⫻ 31 6. 4 ⫻ 42
4 ⫻ 23 ⫽ 92

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 Set D, pages 300–301

Break apart numbers to find 2 × 134. Remember to include a zero when

you record the value of the tens.
2 rows of 1 hundred  2 hundreds or 200
Find each product. You may use
2 rows of 3 tens  6 tens or 60
place-value blocks or draw a
2 rows of 4 ones  8 ones or 8 picture to help.
200, 60, and 8 are partial products.
1. 4  73 2. 2  59
Add the partial products to find the product.
200  60  8  268 3. 2  138 4. 3  264

5. 4  1,826 6. 5  3,917

Set E, pages 302–306, 308–310

Find 6  27. Find 4  359. Remember to check that your

27 • Multiply the ones.
answer is reasonable.
× 6 Regroup. Estimate and then find each product.
23
42 partial 359 • Multiply the tens.
products Add regrouped tens. 1. 29 2. 42
+ 120 × 4
• Multiply the  6  5
162 1,436
hundreds. Add
regrouped hundreds.
3. 378 4. 546
 7  3

5. 1,695 6. 7,198
 4  9

Set F, pages 312–314

Kendra has 24 planet stickers. She has 4 times Remember that drawing a picture
as many flower stickers. How many flower can help you.
stickers does she have? Draw a picture. Write a number
? flower stickers sentence and solve.
in all

flower stickers 24 24 24 24
4 times 1. Melody buys 5 bags of marbles.
as many
Each bag has 15 marbles in it.
planet stickers 24 How many marbles does she
buy in all?
4  24  96 flower stickers

Topic 14 Reteaching 319

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