Box changing motion

By
Gurumurthy.B.R
E-mail: [email protected]
• Multiple box motion is necessary on a
conventional shuttle loom, when weft pattern
is to be introduced across the fabric
• Weft patterning may be necessary for weaving
yarns of different color, count, twist or
material
• Each variation in the weft requires an
individual shuttle and there must be always
one empty shuttle box in the system
• Use of multiple box reduces the speed of the
loom by 10% as compared to shuttle plain
loom
• Some of the common fabrics produced on looms
by using multiple box motions are
– Weft striped
– Check
– Extra weft figured effects
– Crepe
– Georgette
– Double cloth
– Pique and certain varieties of towels, napkins and
handkerchiefs
Classification of multiple box motions
• Multiple box changing motions can be
classified into two main system as
• Circular box system
• Drop box system
– Boxes on one side
– Boxes on both sides
– Box motion can be negative or positive type, the
most common being negative type
 Circular box system
• Circular box units consist of six compartments
for six individual shuttles revolve on a spindle
• Examples include hattersley and whites
circular box motions
• The presence of over pick stick causes
difficulty of applying automatic weft
replenishment device on an automatic loom
• Drop box units
operate on a rising
and falling principle
• A loom with a two
box unit at one side
and a single box at
the other side of
the loom is
generally described
as a 2x1 box loom
• One of the limitation is that only one box
movement is possible to move from the box in
use to either of the adjacent boxes only, which
limits 3 colors in sequence
• The size of the shuttle compartment is fixed
and therefore any adjustment for worn out
shuttle is difficult
• 2 x 1 box loom can insert two different wefts
• 4 x 1 box loom can introduce up to four
different wefts
• In box motion with multiple boxes on one side
necessitates insertion of picks of same weft in
multiples of two
• 2 x 1 box motion also known as weft mixing
motion is used for introducing same weft
material of continuous filament after every
second pick from two shuttle with an object of
minimizing possibility of weft bars in the fabric
• 4 x 1 drop box motion on the loom is the most
common type for weft patterning to give a
greater scope in cloth designing
• Examples of 2 x1 box motions are ruti weft
mixing, northrop two-box motions
• Examples of 4 x 1 box motion include Diggles
chain, knowles chain, whitesmith, Eccles,
cowburn and pecks, ruti and Zang four box
motions
 Pick-at-will
• A loom having multiple box units at both sides
with 2 x 2 or usually 4 x 4 can be used as pick
and pick system or pick-at-will system
• The insertion of a single pick or any possible
number of times from the either end of the
loom to introduce any number of picks,
whether odd or even number, from the same
shuttle is known as pick-at-will
• The picking tappet has two noses positioned
diametrically opposite and therefore picking
may occur from either side of the loom or
from the same side for two, three or four
consecutive picks
• However when box units are individually
controlled for pick and pick working, it is
possible to use up to seven shuttles with
different wefts
• The 4 x1 drop box motion introduced by
cowburn and peck in 1889 works on the
principle of double crank and two discs
• The discs are free to turn on a stud
• The outer disc carries a fixed stud, which gives
a movement of one box
• A crank is loosely mounted on the stud which
gives movement of two boxes and its pin
passes though the slot of inner disc
• The lifting rod passes down from the crank to
the fulcrummed bottom lever through a spring
loaded lifting rod
• To the other end of the bottom lever is fixed a
box rod which is also spring loaded and at its
end it carries four drop boxes
• The disc is turned by its rack attached to a
cradle which rocks through an inclined rod by
the action of crank on the bottom shaft
• A cam fixed on the bottom shaft brings the card
cylinder against needles by giving stroke to the
bowl and fulcrummed bowl rod
• The card cylinder turns by L-lever operated from a
stud on the cradle engaging with the star wheel
• A blank(closed card) in the pattern card pushes
the needle against the rack, which causes the dice
to make a half turn
• Each disc when not in action is loaded by a flat
spring that brings a catch into the uppermost
notch
 Pattern cards
• When a hole(open card) on the pattern card is
against a needle, the rack is clear of the disc
pinion and the disc is locked. So a change in
the box does not take place
• A blank card(closed card) pushes the needle to
engage the rack with the pinion during its
descending movement
• The stud disc movement gives one revolution
• A slotted disc gives two-box movement
• For three box movements, both the discs
should be rotated
• Card saving device
• A central hole is provided in the flat steel cards
of the pattern chain
• When it is blank(closed card), a third rack
engages with a pinion to rotate a secondary
card barrel of wooden lags
• A bar which rests on these lags give lateral
movement to the L-shaped lever either to give
clockwise movement of the pattern cylinder or to
stop it from turning
• Another star wheel is used to give an
anticlockwise movement
• Wooden lags are of three types
– Flat
– Medium and
– Raised
• The flat lags are used to give a forward
movement
• The last one(raised lags) for reversing of the
pattern barrel
• The middle one(medium lags) to stop its
movement
Thank you