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M9 Truss Deflections and Statically Indeterminate Trusses

1) This document discusses calculating deflections in statically indeterminate trusses using force and displacement diagrams. 2) As an example, it calculates the deflection of point E in a pin-jointed truss by determining member forces through equilibrium equations and relating forces to deflections using constitutive equations. 3) For statically indeterminate trusses, compatibility equations relating displacements at joints are used along with equilibrium and constitutive equations to solve for unknown member forces and reactions. Superposition and symmetry can also be used to simplify such problems.

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Aiman Rashid
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54 views8 pages

M9 Truss Deflections and Statically Indeterminate Trusses

1) This document discusses calculating deflections in statically indeterminate trusses using force and displacement diagrams. 2) As an example, it calculates the deflection of point E in a pin-jointed truss by determining member forces through equilibrium equations and relating forces to deflections using constitutive equations. 3) For statically indeterminate trusses, compatibility equations relating displacements at joints are used along with equilibrium and constitutive equations to solve for unknown member forces and reactions. Superposition and symmetry can also be used to simplify such problems.

Uploaded by

Aiman Rashid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Page 1

M9 Truss Deflections and Statically Indeterminate Trusses

TRUSS DEFLECTION EXAMPLE

Calculate deflection of loading point E in pin-jointed truss shown below. Bars are at 90°
or 45°to each other. All bars have cross sectional area A, Young's modulus E.

No temperature change occurs.

Draw FBD
 Fy ↑= 0 VA - P = 0
fi VA = P ‹ (1)
Æ
 Fx = 0 : H A + HB = 0
H A = - HB (2)

 MA = 0 : HB L - 2LP = 0
HB = 2P ‹
fi HA = -2P ‹
Page 2

Analyze bar forces. Mo J.

@B

 Fy ↑= 0 FBA = 0 ‹
Æ
 Fx = 0: FBD + 2P = 0 fi FBD = -2P ‹

@E

 Fy ↑= 0 : FECSin45o - P = 0 fi FEC + P 2 ‹
Æ
 Fx = 0: - FECCos45o - FED = 0
fi FED = - P ‹

HA VA
 MD = 0 : + 2PL - PL - FAC L = 0

fi FAC = + P ‹

V VA
 Fy ↑= 0 : F DC + P = 0
fi FDC = - P ‹

VA
 Fy ↑= 0 : P - FADCos45o = 0
fi FAD = 2P ‹
Page 3

FL
Bar Deflections given by
AE

Bar Force/P Length/L d


( FL AE )
AB 0 1 0

BD -2 1 -2

AD + 2 2 2

AC +1 1 +1

CD -1 1 -1

DE -1 1 -1

CE + 2 2 + 2

Deflection Diagram:

1. Fixed points - 0, A, B

2. Locate D ' via extension/rotations of BD & AD

3. Locate C ' via extensions/rotations of AC & CD

4. Locate E ' via extensions/rotations of CE & DE


Page 4

Displacement diagram (to Scale)

Horizontal Displacement
PL
= to the left
AE
vertical displacement
PL
= 12.9
AE
Page 5

Statically Indeterminate Trusses


Can set up problem to yield a set of simultaneous equations with unknown reactions and
bar forces but known displacements (at certain points - compatibility) and known
constitutive behaviors

Can also use superposition and symmetry (two pretty good principles) to simplify
seemingly complicated problems. Since trusses are linear (i.e if you double the applied
load the internal forces and deflections will also double) we can superimpose the effects
of multiple force systems in order to solve a problem.

Can extend the idea of deflection diagrams to more complicated trusses - basic principles
remain the same:

Example: Symmetric 3 bar truss, bars cross sectional area A, Young’s modulus, E
Page 6

FBD

or go straight to application of method of joints. @D

Note: RA = FDA, RB = FDB, RC = FDC

 Fy ↑= 0 FAD cos q + FBD + FCD cos q - P = 0 (1.)


Æ
 Fx = 0 - FAD sin q + FDC sin q = 0
FDC = FAD (symmetry) (2.)
2 equations; 3 unknowns
Page 7
cannot take moments - all forces pass through D

FL
Constitutive behavior. No DT \ d =
AE
Bar Force Length Extension
AD FAD L d AD = FAD L / AE (3)
BD FBD Lcosq d BD = FBD L cos q / AE (4)
CD FCD L dCD = FCDL / AE (5)

5 equations; 6 unknowns. Two equilibrium equations, 3 constitutive relations

So must invoke compatibility:

bars extend and rotate, but remain attached at D: Displacement diagram

Enlarged view of displacement diagram only:

Page 8

dAD = dCD = dBD cosq (6)

Now have 6 equations, 6 unknowns and can solve.

Substitute 3, 4, 5 into 6:
FAD L FBD L cos2 q
= fi FAD = FBD cos2 q
AE AE

Substitute into (1)


2FBD cos 3 q + FBD - P = 0
P
FBD =
(1 + 2cos 3 q )

P cos2 q

FAD = FCD =
(1 + 2 cos3 q )

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