TAPE ERRORS

Problem 1
A 100 m tape weighing 3 kg was standardized and found to be 0.02 m short at temperature of 10 °C and a
30 N pull when supported throughout. It was used to measure a distance which was recorded as 3245.68
m when the temperature was 15°C and the pull was 40 N supported only at quarter points. E=200 Gpa.
Density of material is 7500 kg/cum, coefficient of thermal expansion =11.6x10 -6/°C. Find the correct
distance between the two points.
Ans: 3240.72 m
ADJUSTMENT OF WEIGHTED OBSERVATION
Problem 2
Three groups with different number of trials measured distance AB as follows.
ave. dist. no. of trials
Group A 1234.54 3
Group B 1234.67 6
Group C 1234.59 5

Find the most likely value of the distance from A to B.

m
Ans: 1234.614 m

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Problem 3

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Three different groups with the following probable errors measured distance AB.

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ave. dist. Probable error

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Group A 1234.54 0.3
Group B 1234.67 rs e 0.2
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Group C 1234.59 0.15
Find the most probable value of distance AB.
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Ans: 1234.69 m
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Problem 4
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The difference of elevation between BM1 and BM2 was taken by a survey party using three different trials
taking the length of each path alongside with it. Assuming that the distance taken were accurate, find
the most probable value of the difference in elevation between BM 1 and BM2
distanc
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Difference in elevation e
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Trial 1 34.54 3 km
Trial 2 35.67 4.6 km
Trial 3 34.59 3.5 km
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Ans: 34.85 m
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ELEVATION CORRECTION DUE TO EARTH’S CURVATURE AND REFRACTION

Problem 5
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a.) Find the farthest distance that a man aboard the titanic (whose eye level is 6 m above water line) can
go so that a lighthouse 50 m high will still be visible (at least of it is visible)?
b.)What if 2m allowance for tides/waves will be provided, find the farthest distance that he can reach.
Ans: a.) 36.65 km; b.) 34.37 km
TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING
Problem 6
The top a mast signal 2000 meters away was sighted through a transit with recorded vertical angle of
4°10was
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 the elevation of the base of the signal B is 171.17 m. compute the elevation of the point under the
transit A with due allowance for curvature and refraction correction.
Ans: 30.002 m

THREE INTERVISIBLE POINTS

Problem 7
A 5m triangulation observation tower is on top of hill B 925 m above sea level. What would be the height
of equal towers to be erected at A and C located 15 km from B respectively if the elevations of A is 960 m
and that of C is 900 m in order that transceivers at A, B and C will be inter-visible?
Ans: 15.075 m
ANGLES AND DIRECTION
Problem 8
A line has a magnetic bearing of a S41 °30’E when the declination was 1°30’E. What is the true bearing of
the line if there is a local attraction of 3 °30’ to the east of the vicinity?
Ans: 36°30’

Traverse Correction

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Deflection Angle Traverse

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Problem 9

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Given a field notes as follows. Correct the clockwise deflection angle of the 5-point traverse.
STATION Deflection Angle

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A
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45°R
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B 123°R
C 48°L
D 100°R
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E 141°R
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INTERIOR ANGLE TRAVERSE

Problem 10
The following are bearings taken on a closed compass traverse. Compute the interior angles and correct
them for observational errors. Assuming the observed bearing of line AB to be correct, adjust the
ed d

bearings of the remaining sides.

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Forward Backward
Line
Bearing bearing
AB S37°30’E N37°30’W
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BC S43°15’W N44°15’W
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CD S73°00’W S72°15’E
DE N12°45’E S13°15’W
EA N60°00’E S59°00’W
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CLOSE COMPASS TRAVERSE

Problem 11
Given the following traverse notes taken by a survey party, find:
a.) Linear error of closure
b.) Relative error
c.) correct using Compass Rule
d.) correct
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 Line Bearing Distance
A N45°20’E 410 m
B S65°10’E 605 m
°
C N80 15’W 600 m
D S55°30’W 280 m

AREAS BY DMD AND DPD

AREA WITH IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES
Problem 12
The following are the series of perpendicular offsets taken by a survey party 5 m apart. They were
measured in the figure order in meters

m
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rs e
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aC s
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ed d
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TACHEMETRY
Problem 13
The following data were obtained by stadia observation, vertical angle=+12 °30’, upper stadia hair reading
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and lower stadia hair readings, 4.5 and 3.25 m, respectively. The rod reading was taken at 3.875 m above
the stadia point A and the height of instrument above the instrument station B, is 1.62 m. if the stadia
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interval factor is 100 and the instrument constant is 0.3 meters. Compute for
a.) horizontal distance between the instrument station and the stadia point.
d.) vertical distance from the horizontal axis of the instrument to the rod reading.
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c.) inclined distance from the center of the instrument to the rod reading.
Ans: a.) 119.44 m; b.) 26.478m; c.) 122.337 m

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 MISSING SIDES
CASE 1: LENGTH & BEARING OF ONE SIDE COMPLETELY MISSING
Problem 14
The following are bearings taken on a closed compass tranverse. Compute for the length and bearing of
the closing line EA.
Line DISTANCE BEARING
A 300 m S37°30’E
B 400 m S43°15’W
C 250 m N73° 00’W
D 350 m N12°45’E
E ? ?

CASE 2:
A.) DISTANCE OF TWO ADJACENT SIDES MISSING
B.) DISTANCE OF ONE SIDE AND BEARING OF ITS ADJACENT SIDE MISSING
C.) BEARING OF TWO ADJACENT SIDES MISSING

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Problem 15
Find the length, x and y, of the missing sides DE and EA of the traverse below.
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Line DISTANCE BEARING

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A 300 m S37°30’E
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B 400 m S43°15’W
C 250 m N73° 00’W
D ? N12°45’E
ed d

E ? N65°40’E
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SUBDIVISION OF LOT
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HIGHWAY CURVE
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SIMPLE CURVE
Problem 16
A simple curve has a central angle of 36° and a degree of curve of 6°
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a.) find the nearest distance from the mid pt. of the curve to the pt. of intersection.
b.) compute the distance from the mid-point of the curve to the mid-point of the long chord joining the
point of curvature and point of tangency.
c.) if the stationing of the point of curvature is at 10+020 compute the stationing of a point of curve
which intersects with the line making a deflection angle 8 ° which the tangent through the P.C.
Ans: a.) 9.83 m; b.) 9.35 m; c.) 10+073.33

Problem 17
The was
This study source length of a simple
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by 100000793773048 fromaCourseHero.com
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 a.) compute the middle ordinate of the curve
b.) compute the external distance of the curve
c.) compute the area of the fillet at the curve
Ans: a.) 19.03; b.) 20.39; c.) 30,093

Problem 18
Find the length of curve and station at point if the degree of curve is 5°, and the central angle is 72°30’.

Problem 19
A property line AD intersects a simple curve at point B whose R=120 m long. The azimuth of the property
is 300°, while the back tangent is 220°. A random line was run from PC of the curve towards the property
line was which intersects at point A with an azimuth and distance of 190° and 42.50 m respectively.
a.) compute the distance AC
b.) compute the central angle at arc EB.
c.) compute the stationing of B if PC is at 3+025.42

COMPOUND CURVE

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Problem 20

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The common tangent AB of compound curve is 76.42 m with an azimuth of 268°31’ the vertex V being

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inaccessible. The azimuth of the tangents AV and VB was measured to 247°50’ and 282°50’, respectively.
Degree of the curve was 4° based on the 20 m chord.

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a.) determine the stationing of P.C.
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b.) determine the stationing of P.C.C.
c.) determine the stationing of P.T.
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Problem 21
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A compound curve, the connecting the P.I. at point V and the P.C.C. is an angle bisector AV is 270 m and
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BV 90m. the stationing of A is 6+421 and that of B is 6+721. Point A is along the tangent passing thru the
P.C. while point B is along the tangent passing thru the P.T. the P.C.C. is along line AB.
a.) compute the radius of the first curve that passing thru the P.C.
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b.) compute the radius of the second curve passing thru the P.T.
c.) determine the length of the long chord from P.C. to P.T.
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Problem 22
A compound curve is laid out 480 m from the P.C. to P.C.C. having a radius of 763.94m then from the
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P.C.C. another curve was laid out to the P.T. 250 m long with a radius of 208.85m. if the stationing of the
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point of intersection of the tangent is 10+432.25.

a.) determine the stationing of the P.C.
b.) determine the length of the long chord from the P.C. to the P.T.
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c.) determine the angle that the long chord makes with the tangent at P.T.

REVERSE CURVE
Problem 1
Two parallel tangents 10 m. apart are connected by a reverse curve. The chord length from the P.C. to P.T.
equals 120m
a.) compute the length of tangent with common direction
b.) determine the equal radius of the reversed curve
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 c.) compute stationing of the P.R.C. if the stationing of A at the beginning of the tangent with common
direction is 3+420

Problem 2
In a rail road layout, the centerline of two parallel tracks are connected with a reversed curve of unequal
radaii. The central angle of the first curve is 16° and the distance between parallel tracks is 27.60 m
stationing of the P.C. is 15+420 and the radius of the 2 nd curve is 290m.
a.) compute the length of the long chord from the P.C. to P.T.
b.) compute the radius of the first curve
c.) compute the stationing of the P.T.

VERTICAL
SYMMETRICAL CURVES
Problem 1
A grade of -4.2% grade intersects at +30% at sta. 11+488 of elevation 20.80 m these two centers are
connected by a 260 m. vertical parabolic curve.
a.) what is the cross-drainage pipes be situated

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b.) if the overall outside dimension of the reinforced concrete pipe to be installed is 95 cm and the top of

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the culvert is 30 cm below the subgrade, what will be the invert elevation at the center

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Problem 2
A vertical parabolic sag curve of lapu-lapu underpass has a grade of -4% followed by grade of +2%

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intersecting at sta. 12+150.60 at elevation of 124.80 m above sea level. The change of grade of the sag
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curve is restricted to 0.6%
a.) compute the length of the curve
b.) compute the elevation of the lowest point of the curve
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c.) compute the elevation at station 12+125.60

aC s
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Problem 3
A symmetrical vertical summit curve has tangents of 4% and -2%. The allowable rate of change is 0.3%
per meter station. Stationing and elevation of P.T. is at 10+020 and 142.63 m respectively.
ed d

a.) compute the length of the curve

b.) compute the distance of the highest point of the curve from the P.C.
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c.) compute the elevation of the highest point of the curve

UNSYMMETRICAL CURVE
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Problem 1
An unsymmetrical parabolic curve has a forward tangent of -8% and a back tangent of +5%. The length of
the curve on the left side of the curve is 40 m. long while that of the right side is 60 m long. The P.C. is a
sh

station 6+780 and has an elevation of 110 m an outcrop is found at station 6+800 has an elevation of
108.40 m.
a.) compute the height of fill needed to cover the outcrop
b.) compute the elevation of curve at station 6+820
c.) compute the elevation of the highest point of the curve

SIGHT DISTANCE
Problem 1
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 A 5% grade intersects a -3.4% grade at sta. 1+990 at elevation 40.60 m. design a vertical summit
parabolic curve connecting the two tangents to conform with the following safe stopping sight distance.
1. Design velocity = 60 kph
2. Height of drivers eye from the road pavement =1.37 m
3. Height of an object over the pavement =100 mm
4. Perception / reaction time = 0.75 sec
5. Coefficient of friction between the road pavement and the tires =0.15

Determine the following:

a.) Stopping sight distance
b.) Station of PC & PT

EARTH WORKS
Problem 1
The cross section notes shown below are for a ground excavation for a 10 meter wide roadway.

Station 25 + 100

m
7.85 _0_ 8.45

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1.90 3.2 2.3

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Station 25 + 150

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9.35 _0_ 10.7
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2.90 2.60 3.80
What is the volume of excavation in cu. m. between the two stations? Use Prismoidal Formula
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Problem 2
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Using prismoidal correction formula, find the corrected volume of cut between stations 80 m. apart if
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the areas of irregular section in cut at stations are 26 sq. m. and 68 sq. m. respectively. Base width =8 m.
sides slope is 1:1
ed d
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