LATE MODERNISM

• Late Modernism is a study of how modernism was transformed, assimilated, and

sometimes institutionalized after 1945, before being challenged in the 1960s and
1970s
• Late modernism reffers to high tech architecture, also reffered to as structural
expressionism.
• It has advances in material and technology.
• Transperancy in design, construction, community structure.
• To come out of the constraints of modernism and made a constant effort to be
more intresting as compared to modernism.
• High tech modernism tried to use the advancement in technology to bring new
designs which are more in favour of industrial developed products and designs
which are more complex in structure.
• Which were the main features of late modern architecture?
Horizontally oriented
Ribbon windows, belt courses
Hooded or deep set windows
Large areas without windows
Use of industrial materials like concrete
Dramatic sculptural conception of building’s volumes
No ornament
Walls eaveless or with boxed or cantilevered eaves
Decorative use of functional features
Flat and shed roof
 Lloyd’s building , london
ARCHITECT : RICHARD ROGERS

The basic form of the building is that of a

large atrium, surmounted by steel and
glass arched roof, surrounded by galleries
(12 levels of them on the north side)
which contain the bulk of underwriting
space and a variable amount of lettable
space, depending on the changing
accommodation need of lloyd’s market
space.

Set in the heart of London, England, Lloyd's of

London established Richard Rogers'
reputation as a creator of large urban
buildings
 Salient features of late modernism showcased in the
building
1. Structural Expressionism 2. Ribbon windows and stainless
It is seen throughout the building in steel in elevation
extensive use of aluminium, steel, glass,
and to a lesser extent concrete as these
materials were becoming more advanced
and available in a wider variety of forms
at the time the style was developing
generally, advancements in a trend
towards lightness of weight.
The entire building is wrapped in stainless steel
giving the building a high-tech, almost post
modern, aesthetic. The streamlined façade
juxtaposed to the mechanical and service
functions on the exterior evoke the
technological advances of its construction, as
well as express the building’s main focus on
functionality.
 3. Decorative use of functional
features

Main services running vertically down Bathrooms, elevators, and

the towers and connected into each mechanical equipment hang on the
level of the building through the raised exterior of the building
floor and ceiling void.

4. No ornamentation

The layers of structure , services, and cladding

articulate the elevation.
No additional design element is added in the
elevation
 5.Built forms isolated from the modernist box to take newer forms
Stepping form

Exposed
plumbing

Utilizing sunlight
penetration from the
Exposed elevator south side
shaft

atrium

Lloyd’s building is designed “inside out.” All Served zone

of the service functions are removed from

the interior and placed at the exterior of the
building. This not only allows for easy Servant towers
With incorporation
replacement and maintenance on the raised flooring and
elevators, plumbing, or electrical facilities, ceiling voids

but it frees up the interior to create an open

and flexible plan that allows for
uninterrupted activity on each level.
Throughout the atrium,
there are a series of
escalators cutting across
the void to create an
interior circulation that
links the floors of the
underwriters adding to
the dynamism of the
space.

The Lloyd’s of London building consists of

three main towers-each attached to their own
service tower-that are concentrically oriented
around a 60 meter atrium at the heart of the
building. Each floor acts as a gallery
overlooking the atrium; however, only the first
four floors are open to the atrium whereas the
rest are enclosed by glass panels
The floors were constructed on reinforced concrete columns on a 10.8X18m
grid. The load is transferred between the columns and the floor beams by
means of a pre cast bracket. Pre-cast ‘yokes’ cast into inverted U- beams
transmit the loads of the floor grid to the perimeter columns via the
brackets.
The greater columns, both the exterior of the building and within the
atrium, stands proud of the cladding.

yokes

Concrete bracket
Main concrete columns
 POST MODERNISM

• Postmodernism is an eclectic, colourfull style of architecture and the decorative arts that
appeared from the late 1970s and continues in some form today.
• It emerged as a reaction to Modernism and the Modern Movement and the dogmas
associated with it.

• Modernist architecture had faced increasing criticism for its rigid doctrines, uniformity and
perceived lack of local and cultural context. There were also those who derided the
modernism of Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for being too bleak, formal and
austere

• In 1966, the architect and theorist Robert Venturi published ‘Complexity and Contradiction in
Architecture’ the catalyst for the postmodern movement. Venturi argued that the ancient
cities of Rome spoke in historical layers and vivid juxtapositions rather than one homogenous
voice. He also claimed that buildings, as well as being designed objects, were feats of
placemaking and should seek to accommodate local conditions of neighbourhood and public
behaviour as individual and rich as the building occupants themselves.
•
• Postmodern architecture tends to be characterised by
• highly decorative, whimsical and kitsch aesethetic
• Refused to draw inspiration solely from a single source
• focussing on form over function
• It also has a metaphoric nature.
• This refers to structural designs that are based on forms which are non-architectural.
• example is the Lotus temple of New Delhi which is based on the shape of a lotus flower; and
the Sydney Opera House which is inspired by the sails of ships.

Features of postmodernist architecture

Bright Colours
Ranging from bright pastels to neon, used internally and externally.
Playfulness
Creating eye-catching and whimsical buildings.
Classical Motifs
Using the language of classical architecture but with a modern twist.
Variety of materials and shapes
Unusual shapes and combinations of materials to create effect.
VANNA VENTURI HOUSE
• The five room house stands only about 30 feet (9 m) tall at the top of the chimney.
• It has a monumental front façade.
• A non-structural arch and "hole in the wall" windows.
• The pitched roof rather than flat roof.

1.Post modern features

On the front elevation the broken pediment or gable and a purely ornamental applique arch
We can easily see the post modern elements which is completely different from the modern
buildings like
1.Use of ornamental arch
2.Broken pediment or gable which shows
symmetery and classical revival but in its
own evolved manner.
The huge chimney projecting out is an
exaggeration of the concept of house.
This building in itself has humour and life
in it .
It has an unusual shape making it eye
catching
The symmetery is again questioned by the
chimney behind it.

By reintroducing elements traditionally associated with houses – from a gabled

roof to an arch-framed entrance – but stripping them of their original functions,
he laid the foundations for the entire Postmodern movement
 living

bedroom Dining
and
kitchen

entry
N
• 1.the stair and the fireplace is placed together, and View of the dining area
positioned centrally so that they block the axis of
entrance.
• 2. creates a porch, but one that recedes into the
building rather than projecting out from it.
• 3.five rooms are arranged around a combined
hearth and staircase. The living room is at the centre,
with the dining space and separate kitchen on one
side, the master bedroom and utility room on the View into the living
other, and an attic bedroom located above. This room
represent a design which is contradicting the usual
plan.
• 4. he has used historical elements not as structural
elements but to represent the symbolism
 Venturi's roof is complex:
there are slopes in three different directions it doesn't always reach the walls
that 'should be' its support.

placed emphasis of the horizontal floor plane on the exterior

hence implemented a pitched roof and windows instead of a Use of colours which are
glass wall and flat roof. bright and less boring
The front façade with chimney and clearstorey represent a
house that together talks about elements which are out of
proportion but catching to the eyes.
• Websites: http://architecture.about.com/od/greatbuildings/ig/Richard-Rogers-Partnership-
/Lloyd-s-of-London.htm
•
• http://www.lloyds.com/About_Us/The_Lloyds_building/Visiting_the_Lloyds_building.htm

• Info source: www.historicdenver.org

• https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Postmodern_architecture
• https://www.archdaily.com/62743/ad-classics-vanna-venturi-house-robert-venturi
• https://www.ukessays.com/essays/architecture/analysis-of-the-post-modern-features-
robert-venturi-used-on-the-design-of-vanna-venturi-house.php