PEDRO PATERNO

 Was a scholar, dramatic, researcher and novelist of the Propaganda Movement.

 Also joined the Confraternity of Masons and the Asociacion Hispano- Pilipino in
order to further the aims of the Movement.
 Was the first Filipino writer who escaped censorship of the press during the last
day of the Spanish Colonization.
The following were a few of his writings:
1. NINAY:
 The first social novel in Spanish by a Filipino.

 The novel explores the life and love story of the female protagonist named Ninay,
a heartbroken young woman who died of cholera. Her heartbreak was due to her
separation from her lover Carlos Mabagsic. Ninay's misfortune became harder to
bear because of the loss of her parents. A pasiam, the novena for the dead, was
being said and offered for the lifeless Ninay. Framed with this melancholic
atmosphere of nine-day prayer for the departed, the novel opens up a
succession of narratives that present "variations of unrequited love". The first
condemned relationship was between Ninay and her lover Carlos Mabagsic.
When Ninay was still alive, Mabagsic was falsely accused of being the leader of
a rebellion. Mabagsic's accuser was Federico Silveyro, an entrepreneur from
Portugal. Mabagsic went abroad. Upon his return, Mabagsic found out that Ninay
confined herself in a convent. Mabagsic became a victim of cholera and died.
Ninay also died of cholera.
 Being a "largely cultural" novel, the narrative provides a "folkloristic tour" of the
distinctive culture of the Philippines. Composed of 262 pages, the 1908 Tagalog
version of the novel was published by the Limbagan Nang La Republika Kiotan
Bilang 30 during the American period in Philippine history.

2. A MI MADRE (To My Mother):

 Shows the importance of a mother especially in the home.
3. SAMPAGUITA Y POESIAS VARIAS (Sampaguita and Varied Poems):
 Is the first book of poetry published by a Filipino in Europe.
 A collection of his poems.
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN
 Hid his identity behind his pen name JOMAPA.
 Also known for having a photographic mind.
 member of a number of movements for the country
Some of his writings were:
1. ANG LUPANG TINUBUAN (My Native Land) – POEM
2. ANG AKING BUHAY (My Life) – POEM
3. SU PLANO DE ESTUDIO (Your Study Plan) - ARTICLE
4. EL PENSAMIENTO (The Thinking) - ARTICLE

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE ACTIVE REVOLUTION

The noted leaders of this period were:
ANDRES BONIFACIO
 Is best known as the FATHER OF FILIPINO DEMOCRACY, but more than
others, as the FATHER OF THE KATIPUNAN because he held in establishing
the Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
(KKK).
 Came from a poor family and it is said that what he learned he got from the
school of experience.
 Joined the La Liga Filipina founded by Rizal in 1892.
 Established the Katipunan which triggered the spirit of freedom especially when
Rizal was banished to Dapitan, Mindanao.
 Better known as the GREAT REVOLUTIONARY rather than a writer.
Among his works were:
1.ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA TAGALOG (What the Tagalogs Should Know)
 Andres Bonifacio shows in this essay his tripartite view of Philippine history
(Liwanag, Dilim, Liwanag) and exhorts the Filipinos to fight for independence.
Bonifacio writes about the true conditions of the Philippines before the coming of
the Spaniards. He reiterates that it was a period of ' Liwanag ‘. The Filipinos
enjoyed prosperity (kaginhawaan), abundance (kasaganahan) and a thriving
trade relations with neighboring countries especially Japan. But the Spaniards
came and offered the natives friendship and a path towards knowledge.
Although sealed by a blood compact between Sikatuna and Legazpi, the
Spaniards did not keep their promise. Bonifacio stresses that this was a period of
' Dilim ' when the Filipinos suffered treachery, slavery and hunger under the
 Spaniards. Bonifacio declares that it was the time ' for the light of truth to shine '
or a new period of ' Liwanag ‘. He tells the people to follow reason (katwiran), to
understand the true state of the country and to unite (magkaisang-loob) against
the evils (kasamaan) in our country (Bayan)
2. KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN (Obligations of Our
Countrymen):
This is an outline of obligations just like the 10 Commandments of God.
1. Ibigin mo ang Diyos ng buong puso.
2. Laging isaisip na ang tunay na pag-ibig sa Diyos ay ang pag-ibig sa bayan at
sa kapwa tao.
3. Ikintal mo sa puso na ang tunay na karangalan at kaligayahan ay natatamo sa
iyong pagkamatay sa pakikilaban sa ngalan ng iyong bayan.
4. Ang lahat ng mabubuti mong hangarin ay makakamtan kung ikaw ay
mahinahon, matiyaga, makatwiran, may pag-asa sa iyong gawain.
5. Pangalagaang katulad ng iyong karangalan ang mga kautusan at mga
hangarin ng K.K.K.
6. Katungkulan mong iligtas ang buhay na nasa panganib sa pagpupumilit na
matupad ang isang marangal na hangarin kahit mapilitang ihandog mo ang
sariling buhay at yaman.
7. Bayaang ang ating sariling pag-uugali at pangingilos sa pagtupad ng ating
tungkulin ay maging uliran ng iba.
8. Bahaginan mo ng iyong yaman ang bawat dukha at taong kulangpalad[7] sa
loob ng iyong makakaya.
9. Ang pagsusumikap at pagpipilit na kumita ng ikakabuhay ay nagpapahayag
ang tunay na pagmamahal sa sarili, sa asawa, anak, kapatid at kababayan.
10. May parusa sa bawat salarin at taksil, at gantimpala sa lahat ng mabuting
gawa. Panaligang ang mga puntahin ng K.K.K. ay kaloob ng Diyos at ang
hangarin hinggil sa iyong bayan ay hangarin din ng Diyos.

3. PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (Love of One's Native Land):

 A poem with a title similar to that of Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
 The said poem was published in the first issue of Kalayaan. The poem urged
Filipinos to join the crusade to achieve real Philippine independence.
4. HULING PAALAM (Last Farewell):
•A translation of Mi Ultimo Adios of Rizal in Tagalog.

33. EMILIO JACINTO

 Was the intelligent assistant of Andres Bonifacio in the establishment of the
Katipunan.
 Called the BRAINS OF THE KATIPUNAN.
 He edited KALAYAAN (Freedom) a Katipunan Newspaper.
 Bonifacio withdrew his writing of the Kartilya in deference to Jacinto's work as
secretary of the Katipunan. His Kartilya was the one followed by the members of
the organization.
Here are few of his writings:
1. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN (A Primer Book on the Katipunan)
 The Kartilya was about the thirteen lessons that serve as a guide for the
Katipuneros in living with morals and good values. It was almost like a code of
conduct that demonstrates how to be a true Filipino in both words and actions.
This Kartilya ng Katipuan, I believe, demonstrates the path for every Filipino to
live a meaningful life. Each lesson is unique in that it addresses different aspects
of a person's life. Many of us may have different explanations and
understandings of its contents, but it is necessary to have a better understanding
or explanation of its contents.
2. LIWANAG AT DILIM (Light and Darkness):
•A collection of essays on different subjects like freedom, work, faith,
government, love of country.
3. A MI MADRE (To My Mother):
•A touching ode to his mother.
 Pic on phone

4. A LA PATRIA (To My Country):

 His masterpiece.
 inspired by Rizal's '' Mi Ultimo Adios'
APOLINARIO MABINI
 Is known in literature and history as the SUBLIME PARALYTIC and the BRAINS
of the REVOLUTION.
 Born in Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas on July 22, 1864.
 Became known to his professors and classmates at Letran and the UST because
of his sharp memory and the simple clothes he used to wear throughout his
schooling.
 Became the right-hand of Emilio Aguinaldo when the latter founded his Republic
in Malolos.
Here are some of his works:
1. EL VERDADERO DECALOGO (The True Decalogue or Ten Commandments):
 This was his masterpiece and his aim here was to propagate the spirit of
nationalism.
 wrote “El Verdadero Decalogo” to spell out the ideals that he believed the
Philippine revolution should possess.
2. EL DESAROLLO Y CAIDA DE LA REPUBLICA PILIPINA (The Rise and Fall of the
Philippine Republic)
 The Rise and Fall of the Philippine Republic
3. SA BAYANG PILIPINO (To the Filipino Nation)
4. PAHAYAG (News)

JOSE PALMA
 He became popular because of his HIMMO NACIONAL FILIPINO (The Philippine
National Anthem), which was set by Julian Felipe.
 He was born on Tondo, Manila on June 16, 1876.
 His brother Rafael Palma became the president of the UP.
 He joined the revolution against the Americans together with Gregorio del Pilar,
the youngest Filipino general who died during the revolution.
Aside from the National Anthem, here are his other works:
1. MELANCOLIAS (Melancholies):
•A collection of his poems.
2. DE MI JARDIN (In My Garden):
 •A poem expressing one's longings for his sweetheart.

NEWSPAPERS DURING THE REVOLUTION

In effort of the Revolutionists to spread the world their longings for their country, many
newspapers were put up during the Revolutionary period.
They were:
1. HERALDO DE LA REVOLUCION:
•Printed the decrees of the Revolutionary Government, news and works in
Tagalog that aroused nationalism.
2. LA INDEPENDENCIA (Independence):
•Edited by Antonio Luna and whose aims was for Philippine Independence.
3. LA REPUBLICA PILIPINA (The Philippine Republic):
•Established by Pedro Paterno in 1898.
4. LA LIBERTAD (Liberty):
•Edited by Clemente Zulueta.