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Random Experiment Favourable Cases, Exhaustive Cases Types of Events

This document discusses probability and related concepts. It defines probability as the number of favorable cases divided by the total number of possible cases. It lists axioms of probability, such as the probability of any event is between 0 and 1. It introduces concepts like mutually exclusive events, independent events, conditional probability, and Bayes' theorem for calculating conditional probability.

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Anshuman Dutta
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46 views2 pages

Random Experiment Favourable Cases, Exhaustive Cases Types of Events

This document discusses probability and related concepts. It defines probability as the number of favorable cases divided by the total number of possible cases. It lists axioms of probability, such as the probability of any event is between 0 and 1. It introduces concepts like mutually exclusive events, independent events, conditional probability, and Bayes' theorem for calculating conditional probability.

Uploaded by

Anshuman Dutta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBABILITY

Random experiment

Favourable cases, exhaustive cases

Types of events : Mutually exclusive events, independent events, dependent


events

Probability of an event
number of favourable cases to the event
=
total number of exhaustive cases

Axioms on probability :
1) If E is an event, then Probability of event E = P(E) has the bounds 0 and 1.
i.e., 0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1
2) If E is an impossible event, then P(E) = 0
3) If E is a certain event, then P(E) = 1
4) If E is an event, then P( E )  1  P( E )
5) If E1, E2, …, En are mutually exclusive events, then
P ( E1  E2  ...  En )  P( E1 )  P( E2 )  ...  P ( En ).

Addition theorem on probability :

If A and B are any two events, then P ( A  B )  P ( A)  P ( B )  P ( A  B ).

Conditional probability :

P(A/B) = P(A given B)


= Probability (the event A after the event B has already happened)

Multiplication theorem on probability :

 P ( A) P ( B / A)
P( AB )  P( A  B )  
 P ( B) P ( A / B )
Note :

1. If A and B are independent events, then P(A/B) = P(A), P(B/A) = P(B)


and hence P( AB)  P( A  B)  P( A) P ( B )
2. If E1, E2, …, En are independent events, then
P ( E1  E2  ...  En )  P( E1E2 ...En )  P( E1) P ( E2 )...P( En ).

Baye’s theorem :
If E1, E2, …, En are mutually exclusive events of sample space S and X is the subset
of union of Ei’s, then
P( X / Ei ) P ( Ei )
P ( Ei / X ) 
n
 P( X / Ei ) P( Ei )
i 1

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