Science 8

mm
Quarter 3 : Module 2 m
Movement Of Molecules
PRETEST
Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following statements best describes the particle in a gas?
a. They are moving very fast and are far apart.
b. They are very close together and are able to vibrate.
c. They are stationary and not able to vibrate.
d. they are moving very slow and are far apart.
2. Which statement explains why solids have definite shape and definite volume?
a. The particles are held at fixed points and can only vibrate with respect to a point.
b. The particles are held strong intermolecular forces which keep them in place.
c. The kinetic energy of the particles is not sufficient to overcome the intermolecular forces.
d. All of the above.
3. The three phases of matter differ because of the arrangement and motion of particles in each state. Which
of the following features the particle model of the atom.?
I. Matter is made up of larger particles
II. Particles of matter are moving all the time
III. There are spaces between the particles
IV. Particles of matter attract each other
a. I only b. II only c. I, II, III d. II, III, IV
4. Water droplets stay together in wax paper and they don’t break apart easily. What is
the reason behind it?
a. Water molecules are small
b. Water molecules are in motion
c. Water molecules are attracted to each other d. Water molecules are wet.
5. When you bring two drops of water near each other and allow them to touch; they immediately
combine and become one drop. Which best explains this?
a. Water molecules are made of atom
b. water molecules are attracted to each other c. Water molecules are magnetic
d. Water is a liquid.
6.What will happen to the particles of gases as more heat is applied into it?
a. Particles will get bigger
b. Particles will decrease in mass
c. Particles will collide more frequently
d. Particles will slow down and there is less collision
7.How will the liquid molecules behave if the temperature is increase?
a. Heating the liquid molecule make it move faster
b. Heating the liquid molecule make it become bigger
c. Heating the liquid molecule make it come close together d. Heating the liquid molecule make it lighter
8.Which of the following has the highest density
a. Gas b. liquid c. plasma d. solid
9. Altitude affects the boiling point of liquids. What happens to the liquid at higher altitude?
a. The liquid boils at lower temperature b. The liquid boils at higher temperature
c. The liquid boils at normal temperature of 27o Celsius
d. The liquid will not boil
10. When heat is applied to solid, its temperature rises. What happened to the solid particles?
a. The particles vibrate rapidly and move farther apart.
b. The particles vibrate slowly and will move closer together
c. The particles vibrate rapidly and will move closer to each other. d. The particles will not vibrate, and
nothing will happen
11. A form of matter which cannot be separated into different components by ordinary means.
a. compounds b. elements c. mixture d. substance
12. Which state of matter has high compressibility?
a. gas b. plasma c. liquid d. solid

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13. Fluid is anything that flows. Why is it that solid is NOT considered as fluid?
a. the particles of solid are rigid and the attraction between them are weak
b. the particles of solid are compact and the attraction between them are strong
c. the particles of solid are far away to each other and the attraction between them are strong
d. the particles of solid are very far away from each other and the attraction between them are weak
14. A substance in which two or more elements are chemically joined is called a(n)?
a. atom b. compound c. element d. mixture
15. Two or more substances that are not chemically combined and are easily separated physically are called a
(n) ?
a. atom b. compound c. element d. mixture
LESSON: 1 Movement of Molecules
Philippines is blessed with natural resources. Our land is surrounded by forest, rocks, minerals,
trees, and mountains. Water is about 75% of the earth in the form of oceans, seas, and rivers. The
air that envelopes the earth are gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases.

State of matter Solid Liquid Gas

Diagram showing
how the particles
are arranged

Arrangement of the Particles are packed Particles are closer Particles are far apart
particles closely together in fixed together but with no in random
position; thus, it does regular arrangement; arrangement; thus, it
not flow. thus, it flows and flows and diffuses
diffuses slowly easily

Spaces between Very small spaces Small spaces Very large

particles
Forces of attraction Strong Strong but weaker Very weak
between particles than in solids

Movement of Particles cannot move Particles move and Particles move freely.
particles because they are held change in position but There is negligible
with strong forces of not as free as gas attraction because
interaction. particles are far apart.
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 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Properties of Solid, Liquid and Gas
Direction: Fill in the table with the correct description/illustration to differentiate solid, liquid and
gas. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Particles Movement
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
Activity 2: What is in the Particles of Matter?
Direction: Cut out small circular shapes using colored paper or used magazine to illustrate the particle
model of solid, liquid and gas Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Solid Liquid Gas

Rubrics:

Criteria Points
The arrangement of particles in each state of matter 5 points
is properly illustrated
There are correct spaces between the particles of 5 points
matter
10 points

WRAP-UP
Directions: Fill- up the concept map. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Features of particle model of matter

LESSON 2: Boiling point , Melting Point , Density , Specific gravity

The Earth’s atmosphere is made up of gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases. The
behavior of solids and liquids can easily be described because they are more visible than gas. We use water in cleaning,
taking a bath, cooking and all other activities. We drink also water and other liquids. Solids are also tangible, we
handle them, we wear them and we use them daily. In this module, we will explain the physical properties of solids,
liquids and gases based on the particle nature of matter.
We survive because of oxygen gas and somehow, we are not yet familiar in their properties; unlike solids
and gases that we can predict and describe their behavior because they are more visible. Physical properties can
be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of the substance. The different physical
properties of matter in this module are boiling point, melting point, density and specific gravity.
A. Boiling Point
Boiling point refers to the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor escaping from the liquids equals the
pressure of the gas above it.
The boiling point of liquids may vary with the atmospheric pressure which changes altitude. At sea level, the water
boils at 100 degrees Celsius where the atmospheric pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm) or 760 mm or Torr. When a
liquid is heated to its boiling point, many of its particles have enough kinetic energy to vaporize. At higher atmospheric
pressure, the boiling point of liquid increases because the particles in the liquid need more kinetic energy to
escape, 5
At high pressure in the pressure cooker, water boils at 1000 Celsius. At higher altitude, atmospheric pressure
is lower than the sea level, thus, the liquid boils at lower temperature. The boiling point is lower at
mountainous areas where altitude is high. Water which usually boils at 100 0 Celsius will boil at slightly
lower than 100 degrees Celsius at higher places. Bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid and move to the
surface, leaving the liquid phase. The gaseous water molecules that form above the boiling water is called
steam pressure is 1 atmosphere (atm) or 760 mm or Torr. When a liquid is heated to its boiling point,
many of its particles have enough kinetic energy to vaporize.
At higher atmospheric pressure, the boiling point of liquid increases because the particles in the liquid
need more kinetic energy to escape, At high pressure in the pressure cooker, water boils at 1000 Celsius.
At higher altitude, atmospheric pressure is lower than the sea level, thus, the liquid
boils at lower temperature. The boiling point is lower at mountainous areas where altitude is high. Water
which usually boils at 100 0 Celsius will boil at slightly lower than 100 degrees Celsius at higher places.
Bubbles of gas form throughout the liquid and move to the surface, leaving the liquid phase. The gaseous water
molecules that form above the boiling water is called steam.
The particles with the highest kinetic energy escape first when a liquid is at its boiling point. If no more heat is
supplied, the temperature of the liquid drops below its boiling point. If more heat is supplied, more particles
acquire more kinetic energy to escape. The results are continual cooling effect on the liquid. Therefore,
the temperature of a boiling liquid never rises above its boiling point. When heat is supplied, the liquid
only boils faster. Eventually all the liquid boils away.
B. Melting Point
Solid particles are packed against one another in a highly organized pattern. Solids are dense and
incompressible. Solids do not flow because of the fixed position of most of their particles. When you heat a solid,
its particle vibrates more rapidly and begin to spin as their kinetic energy increases. The particles within the solid
crumbles and eventually the solid melts. When heat is applied to a solid, its temperature rises, causing
the particles to vibrate rapidly and move farther apart. The vibrating particles will reach a point where
they can no longer retain their orderly arrangement. When this happens, the temperature has reached the
melting point of the solid and the solid melts. Melting point is the temperature at which solid turns into
liquid. If more heat is added, the liquid particles move even faster and farther apart, such that they become
independent on one another.
Ionic solids have high melting point that molecular solids. (Not all solids melts, wood
decomposes when heated.)
C. Density
Density is an intensive property that does not depend on quantity of mass present. Density is a measure of how
much matter is in a given amount of matter. The amount of matter in a body is called space, while the
space occupied by matter is called volume.

State Distance Between Particle Density

Solid Particles are very closed together High or very high
Liquid Slightly further apart than solid Slightly less than solid
Gas Very much farther apart than a solid or liquid Very much less than solid or liquid

The difference between the densities of solids, liquids and gases is due to the distance between the particles in
each state of matter. Solids have the highest density because of the close packing of molecules. Water is unusual
because it expands slightly when it freezes, making it less dense, thus; ice floats in water. Pure water has a
density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter, therefore any substance with a density less than
1g/cm3 will float and any substance greater than 1g/cm3 will sink in water. Pure water is less dense than
seawater. Thus, it is sometimes easier to swim in sea water than in a river or a pool because sea water
contains salt. The salt increases the density of water so the body sinks less in it and it is easy to swim.
The intermolecular forces cause the particles obliquity vibrate and spin in fixed position while moving
from place to place. All of these motions contribute to the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Most of the particles do not have kinetic energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and escape into the
gaseous state. The forces also reduce the amount of space between the particle of liquid. Thus, liquids
are much denser than gases. Density of a solid is slightly greater than that of a liquid and the density of
liquid in turn is much greater than that of a gas. The density of water in its liquid state is greater than
that of its solid state; ice.
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D. Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is the ratio between the density of a solid or liquid to the density of water at 4o C or 1
g/cm3. Or the ratio of the density of gas to the density of dry air at standard temperature and pressure.
Specific gravity = density of the object/ density of water
The specific gravity can tell us if the object will sink or float in our reference substance usually
water at density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter. A material with a specific gravity less than one are
less dense than water and will float on the pre liquid. If the specific gravity is greater than 1 it means
that the material is denser than pure water; thus, it will sink. If the specific gravity is equal to 1, the
object will neither sink nor float.
This is important in jewelry business. If a gold is genuine, then it should be denser than water. The density of
gold is 19g/cm3.
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Density
Direction: Perform the following simple experiments. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1.Prepare two empty mineral water bottles of the same size.
2.Place about 200 ml of tap water in each bottle.

A B

3. Add about 4 tablespoon of salt in container A

4.Place an egg at the same time in both containers. Observe.
Observation
1. What happened to the egg in container with
salt?
2. What happened to the egg in the container
with tap water

Activity 2: Exploring Specific Gravity

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1.Prepare three (3) separate containers with 100 ml of tap water.
2.Place 10ml cooking oil in the 1st container, 5 grams of sand in the 2nd containerand a small piece of
papers in the 3rd container.

100 mL tap water 100 mL tap water 100 mL tap water

3.Write your observation in the table on a separate sheet of paper.

Observation
1.Oil and water
2.Sand and water
3.Pieces of paper in water
Activity 3: Explaining the Properties of Matter
Direction: Based your answer in question 1 to 4 from activity 1 and 2. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1.Why did the egg float in salty water and sink in tap water?
2.How will you explain your observation in oil and water?
3.Why did the sand sink in water?
4.Why did the pieces of paper float in water?

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 Lesson 3: Classifying Matter Based on its Composition
Matter is everywhere. What makes matter different from another?
Energy is related to matter, there can be energy without matter. You yourself are made of matter, you
have energy, with the energy you have you can move your hands, kick a ball and do a lot of things. Let us find
out more about matter. Matter has three states which is commonly found on earth, they can be solid, liquid,
and gas. Solids has definite shape and is rigid. Liquids flow and takes the shape of the container,
except that when acted upon the gravity it forms a flat or slightly curved surface. Both liquid and solid
samples have volumes that are very nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and
volume of its container.
We can classify matter into several categories. Pure substances and mixtures are two broad
categories. A pure substance has a constant composition, they have exactly the same makeup and
compositions. We can divide pure substances into two classes: elements and compounds. Pure substances that
cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes are called elements. Iron, silver and gold,
are some examples of the more than 100 known elements, about 90 of which occur naturally on the
earth, and two dozen or so have been created in laboratories

Compounds are pure

substances that can be
broken down by
chemical changes this
breakdown may produce
either elements or other
compounds, or both. For example, Mercury (II) oxide, an orange, crystalline solid, when heated can be broken
down into the element’s mercury and oxygen. Silver(I) chloride is a white solid that can be broken down
by the absorption of light into its elements, silver and chlorine.
A mixture is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and
can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation. A mixture with a composition that varies from
point to point is called a heterogeneous mixture. A very good example of heterogeneous mixture is an italian
dressing, it may include oil, vinegar and herbs. Another example would be fruit salad as you can see different
fruits such as apple, peach, grapes and more. A homogeneous mixture, also called a solution, exhibits a
uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout. An example of a solution is a sports drink,
consisting of water, sugar, coloring, flavoring, and electrolytes mixed together

ACTICITIES
ACTIVITY 1.

Direction: Analyze the picture presented below. Identify whether it is an element,

compound or mixture. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1._______________ 2. ____________ 3.____________ 4._____________ 5.____________

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Activity 2. Classify the following materials/substances as element, compound, or mixture
1. Vinegar 6. M&M Chocolates
2. Fruit salad 7. Soy sauce
3. Air 8. Sugar
4. Baking soda 9. Gold
5. Salt 10. I
Activity 3.
List down at least 3 examples of each category which can be found in your house, choose from the box provided
below.
Elements Compound Mixture
1. __________________

2. __________________

3. __________________
WRAP – UP
A. Direction: Identify the following words by filling the correct letters on the space provided.

1. _ _ E _ E _ T
- is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substance.
2. C _ _ P _ _ N _
- are pure substances which are composed of two or more elements chemically joined together in a fixed
position.
3. _ _ X _ U _ E –
- are formed when two or more substances are combined physically. They come in any proportion.

B. Make a concept map to Identify and describe the Classification of Matter Based on Its Composition
(element, compound and mixture), give 1 example each choose from the box provided below. Copy and
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
MATTER

Can it be physically separated

Yes No

1. 2.
is the composition uniform? can it be chemically decomposed?

YES NO YES NO
3. 4. 5. 6.

example: example: example: example:

Soy Sauce Table Salt 24K gold ring Sea water

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 POSTTEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles. If you have pure gold, what do you call its smallest particle?
a. atoms b. ions c. molecules d. plasma
2. Which of the following statements explains why solid particles have definite shape?
I. They are packed together very tightly
II. They are arranged in a regular way
III. There is a strong force of attraction between the particles
IV. They can be compressed
a. I, II, III c. I.III.IV
b. II.III.IV d. I, II,
3. Which of the following statements explains why liquids flow continuously?
a. The liquid phase is a continuous phase
b. The kinetic energy of liquid over one molecule enables them to slide over one another
c. Liquid molecules are held together in a chain that cannot be broken.
d. Liquid molecules bump against each other continuously.
4. Why do gases not assume definite shape?
a. Particles have very high kinetic energy b. Particles are not strongly attracted c. Particles are highly
compressible d. Particles move in very fast rate and random order
5. Which of the following diagram shows the best arrangement of gas particle in inflated balloon?

a. b. c. d.

6.Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor escaping the liquid equals the pressure of the gas
above it. What happens when liquid is heated to its boiling point?
a. The particles have enough kinetic energy to vaporize
b. The vapor escaping from the liquid is greater than the external pressure c. The liquid produce bubbles.
d. The liquid changes into its vapor state.
7. Solid particles are closely packed to each other. What happens when you heat solids?
a. The particles vibrate slowly
b. The particles vibrate more rapidly c. The particles do not move
d. The particles move far apart with one another.
8.The difference in the densities of solids, liquids and gases is due to the distance between the particles in
each state. Which has the highest density
a. gas c. plasma
b. liquid d. solid
9.Which property of matter determines if an object will float or sink?
a. density c. melting point
b. boiling point d. specific gravity

10. The particles of gases are very much farther apart than solid or liquid. How will you describe its density?
a. The density of gas is slightly less than solid b. The density of gas is high or very high
c. The density of gas is the same as liquid d. The density of gas is very much less than solid or liquid
11. It is composed of two or more physically combined components?
a. substance b. mixture c. elements d. compounds
12. Which of the following consist of element, compound and mixture?
a. coin, salt, air b. water, oil, gold c. salt, water, oxygen d. sulfur, sugar, smoke

13. Which statement is true?

a. Minerals are compounds or elements c. Minerals are compounds only
b. Minerals are elements only d. Both B and C
14. Which elements prevents goiter?
a. iodine b. fluorine c. magnesium d. vitamin c
15. Which of the following compounds gives flavor to the food we eat?
a. cream b. salt c. soy sauce d. fish sauce

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