CHOMSKY-LILIAN

SECOND ASSINGMENT

UNIVERSITARY CORPORATION OF THE CARIBEAN

BY:

LILIAN DEL CARMEN RAMÍREZ RIVAS

PROGRAM:

DEGREE IN ENGLISH

TEACHER:

DIANA CAROLINA RAMÍREZ MUÑOZ

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Corporación Universitaria del Caribe “CECAR”

Bachelor in Education in Teaching English as a Foreign
Language Program
English Linguistics
First Assignment

Objective: To have a clear understanding of

the terms Competence & Performance
based on different authors and the relation to
L2

Resource: “Competence and

performance in learning and teaching:
theories and practices” by David Newby

“Competence and performance in learning and teaching: theories and practices”

examines the different ways in which both competence and performance have been
defined by linguists and how these different interpretations have influenced foreign
language learning and teaching. Read the article carefully and develop the answers
in this workshop.

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1. Chomsky’s states the “distinction between competence (the speaker-hearer's

knowledge of his language) and performance (the actual use of language in
concrete situations)” He further states that “Observed use of language cannot
constitute the actual subject matter of linguistics. (1Pt.)

R/= According to the theory of Sintax,Chomsky affirms : We thus make a

primordial distinction between competence (the speaker-hearer´s knowledge
of this language) and performance (the actual use of language in concrete
situations

a. Based on Chomsky definition about competence and performance,

describe how this competence could be clear evident in an L2 classroom.
(You can give examples.)
R/= Competence by Chomsky is the one to refers to the native speakers
knowledge of his language, in the other hand the system of rules and his
ability help to produce and understand.
In second place performance is define in opposition to competence; the
latter summarize the mental knowledge that a speaker or listener has of
language

Example: People may have competence in linguistic which is necessary for learning
literature.

b. Give reasons why performance cannot constitute matter of linguistics, but

competence can? Cite at least an author
R/= According to the author Chomsky, the human being has the ability to
produce and understand,potentially,sentences with a finite amount of
elements.
This allows us to see if they are part of their language if they heard.

Actually, all the humans and have linguistic information especially syntactic
that allows us to innovate grammatically and create sentences.

It is a store as a puzzle in our mind name how:adjective,verb,abverb,prepositions

where we get to create new ideas,making them ourselves but they only depend on
someone instead we make the ours,where have logical where you can perform
multiple forms of interpretations.

1. “We have to account for the fact that a normal child acquires knowledge of
sentences, not only as grammatical, but also as appropriate. He or she
acquires competence as to when to speak, when not, and as to what to talk
about with whom, when, where, in what manner (Hymes).” What does this
sentence mean? ¿And how the idea does not necessarily show Chomsky’s
idea about competence and performance?(1Pt.)
¿What does this sentence mean?

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R/= This sentence meant to according to Hymes it is to let the child learn by
himself in the course of his life,that the way and place and social environment
learn the grammatical concepts. Finally Chomsky looks to take advantage of
the stage where the child is like a sponge that absorb the knowledge.

¿And how the idea does not necessarily show Chomsky’s idea about
competence and performance?
R/= Knowing different points of view demonstrates the idea of recognizing the
behavior and performance of each one where we could learn to master the
language.However it does not affect the conditions that apply to the actual use
the language,such as limitations,fear and confusion where the others may
come to judge and criticize.

The idea teaches that without mistakes there is no learning.

2. Halliday states “Can mean is a ‘realization of can do” this corresponds to the
second criticism of Chomsky’s view of competence and performance and
also concern the functional dimension of a language. Describe the second
criticism and the functional dimension.(1Pt)

R/= According to Chomsky opinion about the competence referred to the

dimension of language, for the linguistic and philosophers like a Halliday,
Austin and Searle the very basis of language is functional in nature. This is
reflected in the famous book called How to do things with words.

Halliday affirms this point of view: It may mean that it is a realization of what he can
do ´´(1978-1939) from several proposed theories, it was Searle concept of
illocutionally act.

In (1969-23-24) the language teaching have a great influenced but later it became
common for communicative textbooks to define teaching targets in terms of speech
functions.

3. Is language a unit of linguistic analysis? Explain and cite author(s). (1Pt)

R/=According to Halliday, describe language a semiotic system, in fact not
in the sense of a system of signs, but a systemic resource of meaning.
In second place,for Halliday language was a ´´meaning potential´´by
extention,he defined linguistic as he study of how people exchange
meanings.

4. What does Chomsky say opposite to the affirmations on the left? (1Pt)

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R/=Chomsky have to,although the Latin Americans country’s like:

Brazil,Venezuela,Argentina,the overall balance do not give good results in
the development.In addiction the corruption as one of the main factors of
regression.
Example: Venezuela was destroyed for the narco dictatorship that has led
the people to the extreme poverty.

Langacker, Heine , Tomasello and Chomsky

Jackendoff
 language is not an autonomous Reflective knowledge of the language to
cognitive faculty explore all expressive strategies that
allows better social interaction.
 grammar is conceptualization
 knowledge of language emerges Conversations as a mean of learning,
from language use personal and emotional development.

The construction of equal

relationships;language as an engine for
conflict resolution in the schools
community.

5. What are the schematic constructs? (1Pt)

INFORMATION
Knowledge
SELECTION

SIMPLIFICATION

5 COMUNICATION
 CHOMSKY-LILIAN

SYNTHESIS

UNIVERSALITY
IDIOMS

SCHEME

6. In 1980 Canale and Swain provided a description of competence based on

four categories. What are those categories? Explain. (1Pt)

Communicative Sociolinguístic Stategies

Gramatical
Competence competence Competition Competence.
Consist as a global It is knowing how to It is knowing in how This strategy consist
competence that use the to use and answer to in how to recognize
incorporate four grammar,syntax,and language and repair
separate but related vocabulary of a effectively,given the communication
competences: language. setting,the topic and breakdowns. how to
the convivence work around the
grammatical, among the people gaps in one
sociolinguistic, communicating. knowledge of the
language and in the
discourse, and context.
strategic.

7)After reading all the competences described in the CEFR what do you think CEFR
perception about competence and performance? Is it more related to social or
individual? Is it more linguistic? Or not? (1Pt)

R/= First, the common European Framework of Reference (usually

abbreviated to the CEFR or CEF) is responsible what language learners can
do at different stages of their learning. CEFR analyze what learners can do
five skills: Spoken interaction.spoken production,Listening,Reading and
writing.

EXAMPLES OF CEFR LEVELS

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 BASIC
CHOMSKY-LILIAN INDEPENDENT PROFICIENT
A1-A2 B1-B2 C1-C2
A1= Can write simple isolated B1= Can write straigh forward C1= Can wite clea well-structured
phrases and sentences. connected texts on a range of texts of complex
familiar subjects within his subjects,underlinig the relevant
field of interest. salient issues expanding and
supporting points of view
A2= Can write aseries of simple
phrases and sentences linked B2= Can write clear,detailed
with sample connector. C2= Can write smoothly
texts on a variety of subjects flowing,complex texts in an
related to this,her field of appropriate and effective style
interest,synthesising and and a logical structure which
evaluationg arguments helps the reader to find significant
pints.
7. Write your own conclusions about competence and performance and how
these two terms affect the SLA? (2Pts.)

What is competence vs performance in language acquisition

R/= According to Chomsky competence is the fundamental language that enables

speakers to analyze and understand an infinite number of sentences in their
sentences. And to differentiate grammatical sentences from ungrammatical
sentences.

In the other hand performance defined by Crystal (2003) refers to a term used in
linguistic theory, and especially in generative grammar, however to refer to language
seen as a set of specific advantages produce by native speakers.

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BIBLIOGRAFÍA

TRABAJOS CITADOS

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-communicative-competence-1689768
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntactic_Structures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Halliday#:~:text=Halliday%20described
%20language%20as%20a,meanings%20by%20'languaging'%22
https://communicativelanguagelearning.wordpress.com/2010/06/07/four-
elements-of-definition-of-communication-competence-by-canale-and-swain/
https://www.facebook.com/LINGUISTCS/posts/performance-analysis-within-
applied-linguisticsintroductionperformance-as-define/1604891283119714/
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/english-language/acquire-communicative-
competence-in-second-language-english-language-essay.php

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In (1969: 23-24), which was to have the greatest influence on language

teaching: later it became common for "communicative" textbooks to define
teaching objectives in terms of "speech functions". In fact, in the first days of
communicative teaching it was not. It is rare to hear the term "theoretical functional
approach" that is used synonymously for the teaching of communicative language.