ACTIVITY 1

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1. What is the origin of the following dances?
Cultural dances came into being with a social function, weaving recreation into
celebrations and important agricultural events. While many groups perform folk dances onstage
today, the genesis of folk dancing right up through the middle of the 20th century was non-
performative for the most part. 
A. Folk dances (mention at least 3 Filipino folk dances and 3 foreign folk dances)
3 FILIPINO FOLK DANCES
1. Tinikling 
A Philippine folk dance that originated in Leyte. Tinikling is one of the most famous
dances in the Philippines. The movements of this Filipino folk dance imitate the movements of
the tikling bird as it walks around through tall grass and between tree branches. People use
bamboo poles to perform this Filipino traditional dance. Tinikling is composed of three basic
steps which include singles, doubles, and hops. 

2. Itik-Itik 
A cultural dance in the Philippines that originated in Surigao del Sur. The itik-itk is
named after a species of duck (itik), whose movements the dance imitates. This example of
Philippine folk dance from Surigao del Sur mimics how the itik walks and splashes water to
attract a mate.

3. Maglalatik 
An example of Philippine folk dance that originated in Biñan, Laguna. Maglalatik, a folk
dance in Luzon, is not just any other traditional dance in the Philippines that mimics the
movements of animals. This dance in the Philippines has a meaning. It is a mock war dance that
depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly-prized food. 
The Filipino folk dance is broken into four parts: two devoted to the battle and two
devoted to reconciling. The dancing men wear coconut shells as part of their costumes, and they
hit them in rhythm with the music. Maglalatik is danced in the religious procession during the
fiesta of Biñan, Laguna as an offering to San Isidro de Labrador, the patron saint of farmers.

3 FOREIGN FOLK DANCES

2. Tarantella (Italy)
Around the 16th century in Taranto, Italy, people broke into a dance to ward off death
from the highly poisonous bite of a Tarantula spider. They would dance in a frantic and
hysterical fashion to fast music, and this is what later came to be known as Tarantella. Today, it
is one of the most popular folk dances in southern Italy and also the world. With its hypnotic
music set at a high tempo, Tarantella is also used for therapeutic purposes.

3. Flamenco (Spain)
The captivating flamenco is native to the Andalusian region of Spain. It isn’t just a dance
but an art form which is expressed through singing, dancing, guitar playing, hand clapping or
finger snapping. The female flamenco dancer’s red billowy dress is symbolic of the art form.

B. Ballroom dances (waltz, swing, foxtrot, cha-cha, boogie, tango, body language, rhumba)
"Ballroom dance" refers to traditional partnered dance forms that are done by a couple,
often in the embrace of closed dance position ("ballroom dance position").  These include waltz,
swing, tango, salsa and blues.
1. Waltz
The Waltz is a smooth dance that travels around the line of dance. Characterized by its
“rise and fall” action, the Waltz includes a step, slide, and step in 3/4 time. Dancers should move
their shoulders smoothly, parallel with the floor instead of up and down. Dancers must strive to
lengthen each step. On the first beat of the music, a step is taken forward on the heel, then onto
the ball of the foot with a gradual rise to the toes, continuing on to the second and third beats of
the music. At the end of the third beat, the heel is lowered to the floor to the starting position.
2. Swing
Swing dancing is a popular social dance that is often characterized by lifts, spins and
flips. It’s generally upbeat, lively and a lot of fun to watch—and to dance. Like most dance
styles, there are variations of the dance. It includes some basic steps and then dancers have
creative freedom to make it their own.
3. Foxtrot
 Fox-trot, ballroom dance popular in Europe and America since its introduction around
1914. Allegedly named for the comedian Harry Fox, whose 1913 Ziegfeld Follies act included a
trotting step, the fox-trot developed less strenuous walking steps for its ballroom version. The
music, influenced by ragtime, is in 4/4 time with syncopated rhythm. The speed of the step varies
with the music: half notes (minims) require slow steps; and quarter notes (crotchets), fast steps.
4. Cha-cha
The Cha-cha is a playful and flirtatious dance known for its vibrant energy. Although it is
traditionally danced to up-beat music with a Latin or Cuban beat, today it is common to dance
the Cha-cha to many current styles of music including Top 40, Pop and R&B.
The Cha-cha is a dance that descended from another partner dance known as the Mambo.
While the music of Mambo dancing comes from old traditions rooted in the heart of Africa,
Mambo dancing itself was born in Cuba and the Cha-cha developed alongside it.
5. Boogie
Boogie dance, or boogie-woogie, is a form of swing dancing. It is called boogie-woogie
in Europe, but this dance is more commonly known as East Coast swing in the United States. It's
most often seen now in dance competitions, which are run by the World Rock 'n' Roll.
Boogie-woogie is commonly danced to a fast pace. It is famous for its fast and
spectacular footwork, high energy and also it’s freedom throughout the dance that allows space
for improvisation and free styling. The step variation for boogie dance is a combination of six
and eight count with sharp, quick movements. It often makes use of a syncopated beat, which
helps to create the constant footwork for which boogie is widely recognised.
6. Tango
Tango, ballroom dance, musical style, and song. The tango evolved about 1880
in dance halls and perhaps brothels in the lower-class districts of Buenos Aires, where the
Spanish tango, a light-spirited variety of flamenco, merged with the milonga, a fast, sensual, and
disreputable Argentine dance; it also shows possible influences from the Cuban habanera. In the
early 1900s the tango became socially acceptable and by 1915 was a craze in fashionable
European circles. The first tango music by known composers was published in 1910.
7. Body language
Body language is a form of mental and physical ability of human non-verbal
communication, consisting of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
Humans send and interpret such signals almost entirely subconsciously.
8. Rhumba
Rumba, also spelled rhumba, ballroom dance of Afro-Cuban folk-dance origin that
became internationally popular in the early 20th century. Best known for the dancers’ subtle side
to side hip movements with the torso erect, the rumba is danced with a basic pattern of two quick
side steps and a slow forward step. Three steps are executed to each bar. The music, in 4/4 time,
has an insistent syncopation.

ACTIVITY 2
Answer the following questions:
1.How do the elements of dance combine to create and communicate meaning?
There are many parallels between dance and verbal communication.  For instance, dance
steps can be seen as words and stringing them into a sequence may work as a sentence.  The
composition of these sequences will reflect how thoughts were composed and the quality of
movement may reflect the tone of voice.  For individuals who are non-verbal, dance can be used
as a tool to express themselves freely. Instead of using words, dancers are able to use movement
to share what they are thinking and how they are feeling. No words necessary! Dance can help to
tell a story and convey emotions, thoughts and feelings ultimately helping dancers to
communicate in a way that is meaningful to them.
In conjunction with communication, dance is also a means to create connections.  In
class, dancers engage in the same movements, dance to the same song and share the same space
ultimately bringing them together as they participate in the same activity. Dance class is also a
place where friendships blossom as dancers create connections with other dancers, volunteers
and teachers. This environment helps to create a sense of belonging, where dancers feel like they
are a part of a community and feel as though they can be themselves.
2. What is the significance of traditional and social dance in various cultures and historical
periods?
The tradition and norms which is important in every culture
can be represent in a way of dancing and this is what we called cultural dance. A graceful dance,
colorful props and costumes, slow movements and fast that catches the attention of every people.
Cultural dancers can story tellers, tells the story in every movements and sequence of their
dance.
Every Cultural dances has a story that need to match in the theme of their dance. This
dance is different from other forms of dances; you cannot make a cultural dance without a story.
It has a story behind the dance for the purpose that one culture can share or tell their culture from
one another.
The art and appreciation of cultural dance. Is it really matter in this generation? Some
people didn’t really appreciate the Cultural dance because of the instrument, are you familiar
with this instrument like agong, gandingan, kulintang, barel, tam tam, these are the example.
Some of them today prefer the hip hop dance because of its music that make you move and
dance
Cultural Dance is really important; this is our way to tell other people on what are the
things that they need to know about our culture. It is also the way that other people could have
respect, knowledge and give importance to our traditions and norms. Let other culture tell what
are the story behind their dance.