#1 HE WROTE AN INFLUENTIAL WORK OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY.

Rene Descartes' Discourse on Method, published in 1637, was a major intellectual

milestone. The book was divided into six sections: considerations to understand natural
sciences; principles that established the author's technique; maxims and morality
recognized as the basis of the system; proof of the soul and god; and comprehension of
physics, the human heart and soul of all living objects. In addition to the book, there
were three essays included: Dioptrics, The Meteors, and Geometry. Discourse on
Method is a seminal text of modern philosophy. The rule that defines the method's first
step, "never to accept anything as true which I did not clearly know to be such," is likely
the most significant effect. Modern philosophy can be said to have begun with this
brand of skepticism.

#2 HIS COMMENT "I AM, THEREFORE, I THINK" WENT ON TO BE ESSENTIAL

TO WESTERN PHILOSOPHY

In his Discourse on Method, Rene Descartes penned the most famous philosophical
statement of all time: Cogito ergo sum. It was as if, because of this statement,
something or someone was doubting his existence; as a result, his very doubting proved
his existence. This idea became a cornerstone of Western philosophical thought. When
faced with extreme skepticism, it provided a solid foundation for scientific
understanding. For Descartes, doubting one's own existence functioned as proof that
one's own mind was real; there must be a thinking entity, in this case the self, in order
for there to be a thought.

#3 THE INFLUENTIAL CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM WAS ONE OF HIS

OTHER INVENTIONS.
Descartes' seminal book in mathematics, La Géométrie (Geometry), is often regarded as
the beginning of modern geometry. It was included as an appendix to Discourse on the
Method in 1637. Descartes first proposed in La Géométrie that each point in two
dimensions can be defined by two numbers on a plane, one of which gives the point's
horizontal location and the other its vertical location. In this way, he came up with the
Cartesian coordinate system, which is the cornerstone of analytical geometry. It also
provides geometric meanings for other fields of mathematics, such as linear algebra,
complex analysis, differential geometry, multivariate calculus, and group theory. Using
lowercase a, b, and c for known values, Descartes created the traditional algebraic
notation in La Géométrie, which was eventually adopted by other mathematicians.

#4 As the father of analytical geometry, DESCARTES is revered.

Analytic geometry, commonly known as Cartesian geometry after Rene Descartes, is a
branch of geometry that utilizes a Cartesian coordinate system. It made it possible to
convert geometry into algebra and vice versa for the first time. The solution set of any
algebraic equation can be plotted on the Cartesian plane to depict it. It also permits the
transformation of geometric figures into algebraic equations. Analytic geometry is
frequently employed in physics and engineering, as well as in aviation, rocketry, space
science, and outer space exploration. Most modern branches of geometry have their
roots in algebraic geometry, including differential, discrete, and computational.
Descartes' most significant contribution to mathematics is analytic geometry. Many
regard him to be the founder of analytical geometry.
#5 HIS MATHEMATICAL WORK LAY THE FOUNDATIONS FOR CALCULUS
Descartes' analytic geometry paved the way for Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz's
work on calculus. As a result, higher-dimensional geometries could now be navigated. As a
result, Descartes' work in mathematics had a long-lasting impact. In addition to analytic
geometry, Descartes devised his rule of signs, a method for calculating the number of
positive or negative real roots in a polynomial. A uniform notation for superscripts was
also invented by him, allowing him to denote powers like x2 as x2. A friendly number is a
pair of integers whose proper divisors are so closely connected that the sum of either
number equals the other number. Rene Descartes was the first to find the general
formula for agreeable numbers on his own. Thabit ibn Qurra, an Arab mathematician who
found the formula several centuries before Descartes, is the name given to the formula.

#6 INFLUENTIAL ROLE IN MODERN PHYSICS DEVELOPMENT

Rene Descartes made a substantial contribution to the advancement of physics in the
modern era. However, he was significant since he was the first to formulate natural
principles in a modern manner. His first law states that "everything always remains in
the same state; and hence, when it is moved, it always moves again," while his second law
states that "all movement is, of itself, in straight lines. Descartes's two rules of motion
were later included into Newton's first law of motion. The third law of Descartes deals
with the behavior of objects when they collide. Furthermore, he made significant
advances to the field of optics, most notably with his treatise Dioptrique. As a result of
his work, he found what is now known as Snell's law or the Snell–Descartes law: the law
of refraction. That's the amount of time it takes for the rainbow to travel 42 degrees
across the sky, according to him. Descartes was the first to publish his discovery of the
law of reflection in his essay Dioptrique, which he wrote independently of any other
person or entity.

#7 THE WORK HE HAS DONE MODERN PHILOSOPHY HAD A MAJOR IMPACT

ON FIRST PHILOSOPHY'S MEDITATIONS
Rene Descartes released his philosophical book Meditations on First Philosophy in 1641.
Six meditations are included in the book, in which Descartes first rejects all faith in
things that are not absolutely certain before attempting to determine what may be
understood with certainty. It's also known as Cartesian doubt or methodic doubt
because it's a systematic way of questioning your own views. The famous methodic doubt
of René Descartes is stated in the first two Meditations. They are regarded as
extremely significant and represent the part of Descartes's work that had the largest
impact on modern philosophy. Descartes, on the other hand, switched the focus of the
discussion from "what is true" to "of what can I be certain?" It's possible that this
means God is no longer the final arbiter of truth. For modern philosophical thinking, the
first two Meditations of René Descartes serve as an inescapable introduction.

#8 THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM WAS FIRST FORMULATED IN A MODERN FORM

BY DESCARTES
The mind–body issue is a philosophical conundrum involving the connection between the
mind and body. The problem was originally addressed by a modern western philosopher,
Rene Descartes. He developed Cartesian dualism, the first contemporary kind of mind-
body dualism. The mind and body, according to Descartes' theory, are indistinguishable.
Because the mind and body have fundamentally separate natures, he came to this
conclusion: they may exist independently of each other. While the body is extended and
non-thinking, the mind is the opposite, according to him. Descartes also divided between
the mind and the brain as the source of intelligence, identifying the former as
consciousness and the latter as self-awareness. For many years after Descartes's
death, Cartesian dualism set the philosophical discussion of the mind-body problem in
motion. It had a major influence on Western thinking for centuries to come.

#9 HE WAS IMPORTANT IN PROMOTING THE FOUNDATIONALISM THEORY.

As a discipline of philosophy, epistemology examines the nature of knowing and how
justifications and rational beliefs can be justified. Epistemologists have a problem with
the regress argument. This line of reasoning claims that every claim must have some
sort of support. However, a rationale must have evidence to back it up. As a result, each
claim can be thoroughly dissected and analyzed to no end. As an answer to the regress
problem, foundationalism holds that certain "fundamental beliefs," such as the existence
of God, do not require further explanation from other beliefs. As a result, these
fundamental ideas do not require further support because they are self-justifying or
self-evident. The best-known foundationalist is Rene Descartes, who was the first to
offer a logical concept for the theory. The fact of his own being and the "clear and
unmistakable" conceptions of reason provided him with a solid foundation.

#10 PHILOSOPHERS CONSIDER RENE DESCARTES TO BE THE FATHER OF

MODERN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Descartes refused to acknowledge the preceding thinkers' authority. He even went as
far as to say that he will write about this subject "as though no one had ever written
about these issues before." There are philosophical views that "regard reason as the
chief source and test of knowledge," such as Descartes', which were laid by him. His
most significant philosophical contributions include the formulation of the first
contemporary version of mind-body dualism, the invention of a unique system based on
methodic doubt, and the shift in philosophical attention from "what is true" to "of what
can I be certain?" Rene Descartes is hailed as the founder of contemporary western
philosophy for his groundbreaking work in the discipline. Much of Western thought in
the following centuries was influenced by his ideas. Even today, many university
philosophy departments still use his writings, especially Meditations on First Philosophy.