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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2
Arithmetic Terms, Means and
Series

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Arithmetic Terms, Means and Series

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ruby Ann H. Licot MAEM/MAT-Math

Joan C. Reyes MAED

Editors: Marcela R. Bautista Dev.EdD

Ramil A. Escaso EdD
Filipina A. Trazo
Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

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EPS, Mathematics

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EPS, LRMDS

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Learning Competencies:
Determines arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of the terms of
a given arithmetic sequence. “ No Code”
Solves problems involving sequences. (M10AL-If-2)
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
• Determine the nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
• Find the arithmetic means of an arithmetic sequence.
• Determine the sum of the first n terms of a given arithmetic sequence.
• Solve problems involving sequences.

Lesson 1: The nth term of An Arithmetic Sequence

What is it

If a1 and d are known, it is easy to find any term in arithmetic sequence by using the rule:
an = a1 + (n-1) d,

Example 1: What is the 14th term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 7, 9, 11…?

Solution: a1 = 5; n = 14; d=2

an = a1 + (n-1)d
a14 = 5 + (14-1)2 Substitute
a14 = 5 + (13)(2) Simplify using PEMDAS rule
a14 = 5 + 26 Simplify
a14 = 31 Therefore, the 14th term is 31

Example 2. In the arithmetic sequence -7, -4, -1, 2, …, what term is 44?

Solution: a1 = -7 an = 44 d=3
an = a1 + (n-1)d
44 = -7 + (n-1)(3) Substitute
44 = -7 + 3n -3 Multiply both n and -1 by 3. (Distributive Property of Equality)
44 = 3n-10 Combine similar terms
54= 3n Add 10 on both sides
n = 18 Divide by 3 on both sides
Therefore, 44 is the 18th term of the arithmetic sequence -7, -4, -1, 2, …

Example 3: A university had an enrollment of 8500 students in the year 2010. Each year the enrollment
increased by 350 students. What was the enrollment in the year 2015?

Solution: The following sequence represents the number of students who enrolled since 2010.
8 500, 8 850, 9 200, …

The number of students who enrolled in year 2015 is the 6th term of the sequence.
a1 = 8 500 d = 350 n=6
an = a1 + (n-1)d
a6 = 8 500 + (6-1) (350) Substitute with the given information
= 8 500 + (5)(350) Simplify using PEMDAS rule
= 8 500 + 1 750
= 10 250
Thus, there were 10 250 students who enrolled in year 2015.

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 What’s More
`
Find the indicated term in each arithmetic sequence.
1) Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, …
3) Joan gets a starting salary of P6,000 and an increase of P600 annually. What will be her salary during
the fifth year?

Lesson 2: Arithmetic Means

What is it

Arithmetic Mean/s are the terms between two consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence.
In arithmetic sequence 2, 4, 6, 8…the middle term/s is/are called arithmetic mean/s.
4 is the arithmetic mean between 2 and 6
6 is the arithmetic mean between 4 and 8
4 and 6 are the arithmetic means between 2 and 8.
If a, m, b forms an arithmetic sequence, then m is the arithmetic mean of a and b, and:
m-a = b-m
m+m = a+b
2m = a+b
𝒂+𝒃
m =
𝟐
Example 1: What is the arithmetic mean between 20 and 28?

𝒂+𝒃
Solution: Using m =
𝟐
20+28
m=
2
m = 24

Example 2: Insert 4 arithmetic means between 5 and 25.

Solution: Since we are required to insert 4 terms, then there will be 6 terms in all.

Let a1 = 5 and a6 = 25. We will insert a2, a3, a4, a5 as shown below:
5, a2, a3, a4, a5, 25
We need to get the common difference.
an = a1 + (n-1)d
a6 = a1 + (6-1)d Substitute
25= 5 + 5d Simplify
20 = 5d Subtract 5 on both sides
d=4 Divide by 5 on both sides
Using the value of d which is 4, we can now get the value of a2, a3, a4, and a5 by adding 4 to each
term of the sequence starting with the first term 5.
a2 = 5+4 a3 = 9+4 a4 = 13+4 a5 = 17+4
a2 = 9 a3 = 13 a4 = 17 a5 = 21

Therefore the 4 arithmetic means between 5 and 25 are 9, 13, 17, and 21.

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 What’s More

Answer the following:

1) Insert 5 arithmetic means between 10 and 40.
2) What are the first and last terms of an arithmetic sequence when its arithmetic means are 35, 15 and -
5?

Lesson 3: Arithmetic Series

What is it

The sum of the n terms of an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic series. Let’s denote the
sum as Sn, and we can write out the terms as
𝒏
1) Sn = (a1 + an ) .
𝟐
Since we know that an=a1+(n-1)d, then by substitution, we have
𝒏 𝒏
2) Sn = [a1 + a1+ (n-1) d] or Sn = [2a1 + (n-1) d]
𝟐 𝟐
Example 1: Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence if the first term is 2 and the last
term is 50.
Solution: a1 = 2; n = 20; an = 50
𝒏
Sn = (a1 + an) Use this formula if the a1, n and an are known
𝟐
𝟐𝟎
S10 = (2 + 50) Substitute
𝟐
S10 = 10 (52) Simplify
S10 = 520 Therefore the sum of the first 20 terms is 520.

Example 2: Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence -4, -10, -16, …
Solution: a1 = -4; n = 10; d = -6; S10 = ?
𝒏
Sn = [2a1 + (n-1) d] Use this formula if a1, n, and d are known.
𝟐
𝟏𝟎
S10 = [2(-4) + (10-1)(-6)] Substitute
𝟐
S10 = 5 [(-8 )+ (9)(-6)] Simplify using PMDAS
S10 = 5 (-62) Simplify
S10 = -310 Therefore, the sum of the first 10 terms is -310.

Example 3: A pile of wood has 15 logs in the bottom row, 13 logs in the next bottom row, and so on,
with two less log in each row until the top row which consist of 1 log. How many logs are there in the file?
Solution: The total number of logs will be the sum of the series.
15 + 13 + 11 + …+ 1.
Let’s find first n, which is the number of rows in the file with d = (13-15) = -2, a1 = 15 and an = 1
an = a1 + (n-1)d Use this formula to find the number of terms n
1 = 15 + (n-1)(-2) Substitute with the given information
1 = 15 + -2n + 2 Simplify using Distribution Property, PEMDAS
1 = 17 -2n Combine similar terms
-16 = -2n Subtract 17 on both sides
n =8 Divide by -2 on both sides
𝑛
Using the formula Sn = (a1 + an) Use this formula if a1, an and n are known
2
8
S8 = ( 15 + 1 ) Substitute with the given information
2
S8 = 64 Simplify using PEMDAS rule
Therefore, there are 60 logs in the file.

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 What’s More

Answer the following.

1) Find the sum of arithmetic sequence with a1 = 3 and a10 = 30
2) A pile of blocks has 60 blocks in the bottom row, 54 blocks in the second row, 48 blocks in the third
row, and so on until there is only 6 blocks on the top row. How many blocks are there in all?

Assessment

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer sheet
provided for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. Find x such that 9, x, 19 is an arithmetic sequence.

A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
2. Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence 12, 15, 18, 21, …
A. 39 B. 42 C. 45 D. 48
3. In the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, 17, …, which term is 397?
A. 99th term B. 101st C. 103rd D. 104th
4. The 4th term of an arithmetic sequence is 28 and the 15th term is 105. Find the first term of the sequence.
A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9
5. The sum of all even integers between 7 and 31.
A. 226 B. 228 C. 247 D. 251
6. A conference hall has 33 rows of seats. The last row contains 80 seats. If each row has two fewer seats
than the row behind it, how many seats are there in the first row?
A. 14 B. 16 C. 18 D. 20
7. Find the sum of the first twelve terms of the arithmetic sequence whose general term is an = 5 + 4n.
A. 221 B. 224 C. 372 D. 337
8. In the arithmetic sequence 8, 5, 2, -1, …what term is -28?
A. 13th B. 14th C. 15th D. 16th
9. The sum of the first 100 positive integers is ___________
A. 100 B. 500 C. 505 D. 5050
10. The four arithmetic means between 6 and 21 are _______.
A. 9, 12, 15, 18 B. 8, 12, 18, 20 C. 8, 9, 11, 13 D. 9, 11, 15, 17

Summative Test (Modules 1 & 2)

Directions: Read and understand the problems carefully. Write your answer on the answer
sheet provided for you. STRICTLY NO ERASURE.

1. The following sequences are arithmetic EXCEPT ONE which is a geometric.

A. 9, 15, 21, 27 B. 125, 25, 5, 1 C. 2, -3, -8, -13 D. 11, 2, -7, -16
2. What is the next number -4, 0 , 4, 8?
A. -16 B. -12 C. 12 D. 16
3. Find the common difference of the arithmetic sequence 9, 18, 27, 36.
A. 9 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
4. The sequence (5, 6, 7, 8 …) is an example of ______________.
A. an arithmetic sequence C. geometric sequence
B. Fibonacci sequence D. harmonic sequence
5. Which of the following is the CORRECT pattern of 2, 8, 14, 20, . . .
A. Every term after the first is obtained by multiplying 6 to the number preceding it.
B. Every term after the first is obtained by adding 6 to the number preceding it.
A. Every term after the first is obtained by multiplying 4 to the number preceding it.
D. Every term after the first is obtained by adding 5 to the number preceding it.

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6. Which of the following is the common difference of -1, -3, -5, -7?
A. -4 B. -3 C. -2 D. 2
7. Which of the following is an arithmetic sequence?
A. 9, 4, -1, -6 B. 5, 20, 80, 320 C. 1, 1, 2, 3 D. 4, 0, 0, 0

8. Find x such that 5, x, 13 is an arithmetic sequence.

A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 9
9. Find the 11th term of the arithmetic sequence whose first term is 6 with common difference of 5.
A. 39 B. 42 C. 56 D. 64
10. Which term of the arithmetic sequence 4, 1, -2, -5, … is -29?
A. 9th term B. 10th term C. 11th term D. 12th term
11. What is the sum of all the odd integers between 8 and 26?
A. 148 B. 149 C. 151 D. 153
12. The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 2 while the 18th term is 87. Find the common difference.
A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
13. An saved money every week. On the first week, she saved 500 pesos, 750 pesos on the second week,
1000 pesos on the third week and so on. How much is her savings after 20 weeks?
A. P57, 500 B. P 57, 750 C. P 58, 000 D. P 58, 500
14. Insert arithmetic means between 5 and 11.
A. 7 B. 7.5 C. 8 D. 8.5
15. The sum of odd integers from 1 to 50.
A. 624 B. 625 C. 650 D. 652

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 Answer Sheet
MATHEMATICS 10

Name: ___________________________________________ Score: ______________

Grade & Section: ___________________________________
Quarter 1– Module 2
Lesson 1
What’s More
1.
2.
Lesson 2
What’s More
1.
2.
Lesson 3
What’s More
1.
2.
Assessment
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Summative Test
1. 6. 11.
2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 13.
4. 9. 14.
5. 10. 15.

Performance Task (Modules 1 & 2)

Make a concept map for arithmetic sequences.

Definition Non-examples:

1.

2.

Arithmetic Sequence

Examples Sample Problem

1.
2.

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References
Merle S. Alferez, et. al 2007 MSA Intermediate Algebra. Quezon City: MSA Publishing House

Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module. Pasig City: REX
Book Store, INC.
Melvin M. Callanta, et. al 2015. Mathematics Grade 10 teacher’s Guide. Pasig City: REX Book
Store, INC.
Von Torio, et. al 2017. K-12 Curriculum-Based Smart in Math 10. Quezon City: ISA-JECHO
PUBLISHING, INC.

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