2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T)

Application of Internet of Things: Last meter smart

grid and smart energy efficient system
Dr. Ravi Mishra Anjali Pandey Jhalak Savariya
Department of Electronics and Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Telecommunication Electronics, SSTC-SSGI Electronics,SSTC-SSGI (CSVTU)
GHRIET (CSVTU), Bhilai, India Bhilai, India
Nagpur, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Internet of things is one of the rapidly growing challenges such as increasing power demand, authenticity,
innovations in the field of telecommunication. The main purpose security, rising renewable energy sources and aging of
of the correspondence and collaboration among things, mans infrastructure [2-4] Most of the electricity is generated from
and objects is to fulfill the objective set to them as an fossil fuel based power plant which is generally low in
amalgamated entity. Nowadays, electricity is the Minimum efficiency and leads to pollution, or we can say, a large amount
requirement of a community for a decent standard of life. of energy is left behind during generation, resulting in misuse
Consumption of energy is increasing exponentially paving the of confined natural resources and emits countless carbon
manner for energy effective technologies and revealing limited dioxide (CO2) [5].
renewable energy sources. To overcome these problems, bi-
functional system is proposed in which last meter smart grid and Thus we can say that energy efficiency and environment
energy efficient system in-home prototype is recommended. awareness is a concerned topic in recent days. According to a
Traditional power grid are being revolutionized to smart grid in research, the units of electricity power consumption used in
order to overcome obstacles such as uni- directional flow of enlightening buildings is around 40% in which the energy
energy and information, wastage of energy, authenticity and wastage is about 10-15%.This energy wastage is due to the
security. The classical grid model is mainly “distributed- irresponsibility of the humans because they are unaware of
centric” rather than “consumer centric”. To deal with these how much amount of energy has been wasted in a day. The
problems this paper proposes a comprehensive architecture and
foregoing research based on energy efficiency and industrial
implementation of “last meter smart grid”-a part of smart grid
projects shows that simple lightning can be controlled by PIR
situated at end user premises- embedded in iot platform and also
proposes a system for continuous monitoring of electrical sensor (Pyroelectric InfraRed sensor) which is known for its
appliances. The proposed system can also provide provision motion detection. These sensors are terribly effective in
of decreasing the energy wastage by incessantly observing saving the electricity that are used for lightning building
the electrical appliances based on completely different however currently there are such a big amount of new
sensors input. advanced analysis happen which are far more effective in
energy saving than before. These advanced devices have
Keywords—Internet of things, smart grid, last meter, energy better lightning control strategies, great potential, and better
efficiency, Wireless technology flexibility and provides more advantages over classical on/off
systems. Some advanced control strategies, for example day
I. INTRODUCTION lightning or load shedding are available but they lack more
The first central power plant, Pearl Street Station, in U.S., system-dependent approach, so they are less advantageous.
began producing electricity on September 4th, 1882. An These types of obstacles are due to the horizontal
electrical grid is a network for producing and administering infrastructure of the wide lightning control area. When these
electricity from producer to consumer. A traditional electrical lightning control components are specified as a system then
grid comprises three main sections – a) Generating station- it they often do not work well together specially in dimming
produces electrical power, b) Transmission line- HV applications. This wiring is more complex and hence more
transmission lines carry generated electricity from source to challenging to get appointed in the field, resulting in
load sector, c) Distribution section- it connects each inadequate performance.[6].
consumers. Until 1970, the traditional power grid worked A. Smart Grid
admirably even though the demand of electricity increased
day by day [1]. However, a dramatic development in the field To overcome all these problems, smart grid emerges as an
of energy consumption took place due to rapid modernization, encouraging solution. A smart grid is integration of traditional
emergence of artificial intelligence and automation, invention grid with Internet of Things platform. A smart grid utilizes
of numerous high energy consuming machineries for computerized innovation to improve unwavering quality,
industries and smart appliances. After 1970, the burden of security, and effectiveness (both financial and energy) of the
electronics appliances has become the rapidly expanding electrical framework from huge age, with the help of
element and also the new origin of high power consumption conveyance frameworks to power purchasers and a
has been introduced. Due to this factor the conventional power developing numerous appropriated age and capacity assets
grid experiences devastation of energy by virtue of customersெ (DOE/OEDER 2008a(1)). The data organizes which are
incompetent devices, lack of smart technologies, disorganized changing our economy in different zones are likewise being
routing and allocation of electricity, inaccurate connected to implementation for effective streamlining of
communication and monitoring, and most important, deficit electrical framework activities, upkeep, and arranging. Assets
provision of energy storage. Moreover, there are many and administrations that were independently oversaw are

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 2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T)

currently being incorporated and rebounded as we address service providers. At whatever point a sensor sends any data
conventional issues in new ways, adjust the framework to to the server, portal changes over its system address into a one
handle new difficulties, and find new advantages that have of the unique ID and vice versa. c) User Interfaces -
transformational potential. Table 1 makes a comparison Consumers, control providers and application designers
between smart grid and the classical grid. communicate on IoT stage with the assistance of UIs which
can be online or API based. In this segment, a client can
TABLE I. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN SG AND CLASSICAL GRID approach the information transferred on the cloud, site page or
Classical Grid an android application by essentially signing in and can utilize
the API to acquire data as per requirement.[8]
Smart Grid
This paper proposes a smart control system which is built
Data flow Unidirectional Bidirectio
and distributed into the testbed area. This smart control system
nal is linked to the dc lightning system: i) to gather the sensors
Power generation Centralized Distribute data from indoor surroundings for quality observance, , ii) For
d controlling and adjusting lightning system , a real time
Topology Radial Network analysis is performed. iii) For Optimization and reduction in
the energy consumption Raspberry Pi is used. iv) Upload the
Sensors Few Lots
real time data on the cloud. v) Controlling the premises
Testing Manual check Remote environment by bluetooth terminal app. The overall objective
check of developing this dynamic system is to diminish the
Efficiency Low High undesired wastage of energy consumption and to help the user
to vigil the premises for real time analysis in different clouds
Control type Passive Active i.e., in the web.
Environmental High Low II. RELATED WORK
pollution
There are numerous researches that already gave their best
in this field of smart grid and energy efficiency; however these
B. Internet of Things researches are applicable solely on little scale. Because of
Internet of Things can be considered as a new innovation hyperbolic consumption of electricity day by day some
of internet. The Internet of Things is an interconnection of advanced analysis ought to be taken place that's applicable on
many objects, for instance smart devices, sensors and giant scale. Although to urge the data and to understand
actuators, with the server or cloud through IP gateway. The wherever and the way abundant strategies may be enforced.
main purpose of IoT is to connect physical/real domain with Numerous literatures are surveyed and are conferred below:
digital/virtual domain. An IoT framework is a system of Elisa spano et al. (2015) expresses the traditional model of
system where a plenty of devices and gadgets are connected energy framework approaches distributor driven instead of
by means of interchanges and data infrastructure to attempt consumer driven which undermines customer presence. To
some incentive comprehended administration in according to conquer this, the paper exhibits a design and execution of the
smart preparation as well as applications..[7]The principle customer expert of the last meter smart grid structure on the
architecture of main components of Internet of things is shown Internet of Things platform.[9]
in table 2.
Yasin Kabalchi et al. (2015) centers smart metering and
TABLE II. MAIN COMPONENTS OF IOT smart grid correspondence, its applications and difficulties.
The paper is expanded into four noteworthy parts- a) smart
grid and smart energy infrastructure b) smart measurement
Components and metering c) communication technologies d) security on
Smart Devices xSensor and smart grid.[10]
and Sensors Actuator node M. Mango et al. (2013) exhibits a minimal effort, simple
x IP Gateways to introduce, adaptable, remote smart LED lightning
IoT Server x Message Dispatcher framework which consequently alter the intensity of light to
x Data management unit spare electricity. By using ZigBee communication with the
x Configurator unit help of motion sensors and light sensors consumer can easily
and database control the energy consumption [11].
x Secure acess manager There are numerous surveys focusing on overview,
User Interfaces x Visualization interface principles, applications and challenges of IoT [14-16],
x Configuration security [17-18] and cloud computing [19]. The prevailing
interface overview of smart grid concept, objection and standardization
The architecture of Internet of Things is divided into three [20], power demand forecasting [21] etc. are surveyed.
sections- a) Smart devices and sensors- the main function of Moreover there are various papers focusing on home
smart devices, sensors and actuators is to frequently gather the automation and power metering, which will further help in
information from the nodes/devices and surrounding and implementation of in-home prototype in this paper [22].
transmits the collected data to next stage. b) IP Gateway- The
IP Gateway provides a channel to the smart devices and III. EXISTING SYSTEM
sensors to connect to the platform of Internet of Things In [9] the prototype consists of a ZigBee network
resulting in two way communications between end users and connected to Internet of Things server as shown in figure 1. In

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 2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T)

this system, the energy consumed can be measured with the

help of ADE7953. The communication between the system
and the ZigBee network is provided with the help of
MC13224. MC13224 has ARM7 processor having 128KB
falsh, 96KB RAM and 80KB ROM memory. The data
collection is executed with the help of CoMo software.

Fig. 2. Smart Grid Prototype

The whole operation is divided into three categories - A)

Consumer section- In this section, a smart meter is installed at
the customer premises which continuously measures the unit
Fig. 1. Existing System model using Zigbee consumed and send it to raspberry pi, which is used as an
operating system for this model. B) Smart grid- Raspberry pi
In our proposed model, Raspberry Pi 2 is used. It boasts of gathers the data, calculates the units consumed and estimates
a Broadcom 900MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, the billing price. It also shows the room parameters such as
1GB of RAM and thus bringing as much as six times more temperature and humidity. After estimation it uploads the data
performance to the existing models. The comparison between in the website of the electricity board. C) Monitoring section-
MC13224 and Raspberry pi is shown in below table 3. After the data is uploaded; the application manager at
electricity board office and the consumer can monitor the
TABLE III. COMPARISON OF MC12334 AND RASPBERRY PI consumption of energy. This prototype provides facility to the
consumer to control their home load by sending message
Parameters MC12334 Raspberry pi2 through their smart phones as shown in figure 3[23].

Price Rs 300-1500 Rs 2635

Size 9.5x9.5x1.2cm 8.6x5.4x1.7cm
Memory 96kb 512Mb
Clock Speed 26MHZ 700MHZ
Operating system None Linux
Distributio
ns
Input voltage 2-3.6 v 5v
Flash 128 kb SD card
(2 to
16GB)
Fig. 3. Message display for ON OFF of loads
Protocol present ZigBee Bluetooth, WiFi
Time to market minimum maximum B. In-home prototype of smart energy efficient system
Latency poor Better An architecture implemented on energy efficient DC/AC
lightening grid is proposed. This proposal has many
IV. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP advantages which gives better flexibility, easy to handle and
maintain better energy efficiency and many more. All these
A. In-home prototype for last meter smart grid
great advantages are only possible by using Raspberry pi with
A last meter smart grid is a section of smart grid which lies WSN technology. The actual smart building automated
in consumer premises to enable the two way flow of energy systems hardware is shown below in figure 4.
and information between user and electricity board. For better
understanding of working of last meter smart grid, an in-home
model is prepared and several tasks have been performed to
check the accuracy and reliability of the system. The model
for last meter smart grid is shown below in figure 2.

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 2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T)

smart grid and Smart energy efficient system ) has been

verified. The outputs of both the models are discussed above
in the form of Raspberry Pi desktop, webpage screen. The
both prototype confirms the two way flow of energy and
information as well as energy efficiency of the smart system.
The both models also results in increase in accuracy, security,
reduction in cost, expand in reliability and flexibility.
The data collected can be viewed through Raspberry
desktop as shown in figure 6. And also the consumer can
monitor the data after logging in to the web page as shown in
figure 7.

Fig. 4. Connection Diagram

By the help of bluetooth Beacon communication

module[11] consumer can control the entire system, simply by
giving the command “MANUAL” .In this manual mode the
entire system works according to consumer needs by giving
various commands and if consumer wants that the entire
system should be performed automatically then by giving
command “AUTO” the system will work automatically. This
whole controlling process can be done using “Bluetooth
Terminal APP” in consumerெs mobile phones and this will
be shown in below figure 5. [24]

Fig. 6. Raspberry Pi Desktop

Fig. 7. Web Page

The result’s showing the various readings which are taken

by the different sensors and their controlling through
Bluetooth device which are displayed on the Raspberry Pi
desktop page and another figure 8 and figure 9 shows the
results which are uploaded in the different clouds so that users
can easily see their real time data any time from any place in
the web.

Fig. 5. Bluetooth terminal App

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

After performing continuous experiments, the working,
accuracy and reliability of the both in-home model (Last meter

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 2020 First International Conference on Power, Control and Computing Technologies (ICPC2T)

grid will become one of the best grid in the future grid which
gives beneficial solution to present problem. The future
pattern of smart grid ought to involve progressively wise
checking framework to monitor electricity stream. To
accomplish this objective, Internet of Things assumes an
imperative job. With the rise of additionally creating and
secure advancements, smart grid correspondence framework
ought to be increasingly associated, interoperable, verified and
practical. So we can conclude that the undertaking" LAST
METER SMART GRID EMBEDDED IN IOT
PLATFORM" has been successfully structured and
experimented. Coordinating highlights of each and every
equipment segments assisted have produced it. Nearness of
every model is examined out and set cautiously in this manner
connecting to the best operation of the unit. Furthermore,
employing very prompted IC's and with the support of making
innovative undertaking is also successfully actualized.
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