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Module 8 (Educ 1)

Maria Montessori and Howard Gardner made significant contributions to theories of intellectual development. Montessori stressed that children learn best through independent exploration using their senses, rather than forced instruction, and that adults should provide an environment conducive for self-directed learning. Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which challenged the idea of a single intelligence and instead suggested people learn through different types of intelligences.

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Novelyn Mitra
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250 views

Module 8 (Educ 1)

Maria Montessori and Howard Gardner made significant contributions to theories of intellectual development. Montessori stressed that children learn best through independent exploration using their senses, rather than forced instruction, and that adults should provide an environment conducive for self-directed learning. Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which challenged the idea of a single intelligence and instead suggested people learn through different types of intelligences.

Uploaded by

Novelyn Mitra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 8: DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS AND THEORIES

B. Intellectual Development (Continuation)


• Maria Montessori
• Howard Gardner

WEEK: 8

TIME ALLOTMENT: 3 Hours

OBJECTIVE/ LEARNING OUTCOMES:


At the end of the period, the students will be able to describe Piaget’s stages of cognitive development.

DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS AND THEORIES

Introduction

Maria Montessori: Intellectual Development (1870-1952)


Italian physician and educator
Believed that children from poverty-stricken areas needed a better start in life to promote success in
the education system
Used Piaget's theories as a base for her teaching methods and theory

Discussion

Montessori stressed that children learn best by using their senses and pursuing their interests, rather
than forcing them to learn what is expected. (SELF-DIRECTED learning) Children have innate skills and
talents. There are sensitive periods which indicate when the child is ready to learn.
Educational philosophy focuses on the idea that children develop and think differently from adults. Discourages
many traditional forms of achievement (e.g. grades, tests)
Montessori schools around the world (including Canada) implement her ideas as closely as possible. To
maximize children’s learning, Montessori believed that teachers should provide the necessary resources for
children to learn independently, and intrude on the children’s learning experience as little as possible. If
children are guided with love they will learn on their own.
In essence, group lessons are kept to a minimum and independent exploration of things such as
language, geography, and math is stressed.
Real-life experiences and hands-on activities are also stressed.
If age-appropriate learning materials are provided, children will take over the learning process.

6 concepts to describe her theory:


Independence – let the child choose
Observation – watch how they enjoy themselves; learn what the child needs
Following the child – be non-directive; the child will show you what they need
Correcting the child – do not yell at the child for unintentional mistakes
Prepared environment – most important – adult's role is to construct the child's learning
environment
Absorbent mind – properly prepared environment in order for the child to absorb the learning –
absorb through experience

Howard Gardner: Intellectual Development (1943- )


American psychologist and educator
While studying at Harvard University for law, he was tutored by Erik Erikson, where his interests in
psychology and the social sciences grew and he became interested in how human beings think.

Gardner's theory of Multiple Intelligences went against the premise that humans have a single, fixed
intelligence, i.e. intelligence was not one dimensional. Each person has varying amounts of multiple
intelligences, so that each person has a unique cognitive profile. Gardner believed that humans had seven
(and later nine) different intelligences by which they learned.

Summary

Why are Montessori’s ideas significant?


Montessori made it clear that children need to be given the resources in order to learn, they cannot find
the resources themselves.
She stressed that adults play an important role in children’s learning by making available the
necessary resources children need to learn, grow, and develop intellectually.
One of the first theorists to see the value of "hands-on' learning, described as a form of work.
Later, others interpreted her concept of work as play (i.e. play-based learning).
Her learning theory provides an explanation of why students learn best when they are self-
motivated or in control of their learning.

Why are Gardner's ideas significant?


Howard Gardner's work around multiple intelligences has had a profound impact on thinking and
practice in education (especially in North America)
His theory revolutionized classrooms by suggesting that teachers should present material in ways that
take into account the different intelligences, rather than focusing on the traditional verbal and
mathematical ways of teaching and testing curriculum.

REFERENCE:

Corpuz, Brenda B., et al. (2010). Child and Adolescent Development. Lorimar Publishing Inc., Cubao,
Quezon City, Metro Manila. ISBN 971-685-721-4
LEARNING TASK/ACTIVITY/ONLINE QUIZ
Week 8

General Direction:
1. Be online during the scheduled online class/consultation hours.
2. Make sure you have a stable connection.
3. Synchronous short quiz will be posted both on the assignment tab and in the Week 4 channel before
the scheduled time. (Or link will be provided)
4. Read the directions carefully before starting the quiz.

Congratulations in completing the week 8 module!

Prepared by:

NOVELYN L. MITRA, LPT, MST


Instructor

Reviewed/Approved:

ANGELO K. LAHINA, LPT, MAT


Program Head, Teacher Education

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