UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS (DAYS DAY 13

12,13,14,15,16,17,19,20,21,22)
Deviance- violation of social norms.
Day 12
Conformity- social influence, involves change in order yo fit in the society.
SOCIALIZATION ENCULTURATION
Deviant Behavior- an act considered by public consensus, violation of some
-the process of interacting with -a process in which a child learn
social rule.
other people his/her own culture.
-we learn the language of the -product of socialization process.
culture we are born to as well as Type of Deviant Behavior Meaning Examples
the roles we play in life. 1. Infringement or Unhealthy act to self. Suicide, drug abuse,
Violation Against alcoholism, smoking,
Self illegal gambling,
Socialization Process prostitution
2. Violation on Life, Causing harm to Vandalism, abortion,
- human learn the expectations of society through socialization. Property,Liberty possession and rights rebellion, juvenile
and State delinquency, organized
-different based on race, gender and class. crime and syndicate,
graft and corruption.
Consequences of Socialization 3. Violation against Tampering natural Pornography, sexual
Sex Code and sex harassment, sex-
1. Establishes self-concepts. Laws transplant, adultery,
2. Creates the capacity for role taking. homosexuality.
3. Creates the tendency for people to act in socially acceptable way.
4. Makes people bearers of culture.
Types of Conformity
Agents of Socialization
1. Informative Conformity- occurs in situations in which there is high
1. Family- most important agent uncertainty and ambiguity.
2. School- teach children values and custom of the larger society. 2. Normative Conformity- occurs when we want to be liked by the
3. Religion- it influences morality. group. Good impression. Dominant form of social conformity.
4. Peer Group- a group of persons with common interest.
5. Mass Media and Technology-shapes basic orientation to life
6. Workplace- major agent pf socialization fir adults.
DAY 14
Human Dignity - A declaration adapted by the UN General Assembly
- December 10, 1948
- Latin term “dignus” which means “worthy”.
- Palais de Chaillot, Paris
- Constitutes the basis of fundamental rights in international law.
- Consist of 30 articles.
Human Dignity is:
DAY 15
1. Inviolable -means can never be violated by others.
Social Group- consist of two or more people group who interact with one
2. Inherent -inseparable from the human condition.
another and who recognize themselves as distinct social unit. (Gidden, 1993)
3. Inalienable -means cannot be taken from us.
Classifications Meaning Basic Examples
Human Right- are universal and inalienable; indivisible; interdependent
of Groups Characteristics
and interrelated.
1. Primary Marked by Personal and Family, close
1. Universal- everyone is born with this regardless of the race, gender
Group concern for intimate friends, (love
ethnicity, residence, religion, cultural and ethnic background. one another. relationship, face relationships?)
2. Inalienable- can never be taken away. (relationship to face
3. Indivisible and Interdependent- all rights- political, civil, social oriented) communication,
cultural and economic are equally important and none can fully permanence,
enjoyed without the other one. strong sense of
loyalty, small in
The Common Good is the greatest possible good for the greatest possible size, informality,
number of individuals. and traditional
and non-
Three Essential Elements of the Common Good traditional
decision making.
1. Respect and promotion of the fundamental rights of the person. 2. Secondary Involves weak Large, Employees to
2. Prosperity or the development of society’s spiritual and temporal Group emotional ties communication worker clerks
goods. and little is indirect, to customers,
personal temporary, members of
3. The peace and security of the group and its members.
knowledge to group certain group,-
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (USHR) one another. cohesiveness is mates.
(Goal weak and based
- Authored by Eleonor Roosevelt. Oriented) on self-interest,
decisions are
 based on Kinship- the most universal and basic of all human relationships.
rationality and
rules, structure is Two Basic Types of Kinshipties
formal, group
boundaries. 1. By blood ties that trace descent.
2. By marriage, adoption or other relations.

DAY 16 Forms of Kinship

Courtship-an action where you express and confess your feelings for 1. Kinship by Blood- based on genetics relation or blood relation.
someone. Either accepted or rejected. Classification of Family according to Bloodline:
a. Patrilineal- family that traces ancestry from paternal or father
Traditional Courtship = Harana side.
b. Matrilineal- family traces ancestry from maternal or mother side.
DAY 17
c. Bilineal- family that traces ancestry from both sides.
Marriage 2. Kinship by Marriage- “in law”, by law, bounded by marriage.

- a special contact of union between a man and a woman.

-designed to regulate individual selfish behavior. DAY 19

-considered as one of the foundations of kinship. Family- growth of society, basic unit of society.

Forms of Marriage Kinship by Ritual- compadrazgo established through rights

A. Monogamy- has only one wife or one husband. Politics of Kinship- creation of political alliances. Form of political
B. Polygamy- person may have more than one spouse at a time. dynasty.
1. Polyandry- (from Greek “poly” or “many” and “andros” or
Household- one or more people in the same dwelling.
“man”. Woman may have more than one husband.
2. Polygyny- (from Greek “poly” or “many” and “gyne” or Compadrazgo (God parenthood)
“women”. Man may have more than one wife.
3. Group Marriage-family is consist of multiple husband and 1. Padrinos (God fathers)
multiple wife. 2. Madrinas (God mothers)

Classifications of Family According to:

 1. Organization •Eldest members acting as facilitators.
a. Conjugal Family- consist of husband and wife. •Equal Access to their basic needs.
b. Nuclear Family- consist of husband and wife and their dependent •Hunting and Gathering Society
child. 2. Tribes •Loyalty of family
•Segmentary lineages
c. Extended Family- consist of two or more nuclear family.
•Composed of Bands
d. Polygamous Family- a marriage in which there is more than one •Horticultural Society
partner. •Interdependent Generations
2. Residence Pattern •Introduction of War
a. Neolocal- resides in new place. •Leader has no concrete political power
b. Patrilocal- resides in husband’s side. 3. Chiefdoms •Consist of few local community
c. Matrilocal- resides in wife’s side. • Horticultural and Pastoralism (Agricultural
Society)
d. Bilocal- resides alternately on both sides.
•Leader has absolute power and legitimacy
3. Authority derived from supernatural forces and powers.
a. Patriarchal- authority exercised by father/oldest male. •Social stratification that segregates society into
b. Matriarchal- authority exercised by mother/oldest female. elites (relative of the ruler) from the
c. Egalitarian- authority exercise by both. commoner.
4. States and • Nation- group pf people sharing similar
Householder- is the person in which the house is named. Nations culture and political history.
• State- a political organization united by
Two Types of Households common set of laws. Has completed the
elements: people, territory, sovereignty and
1. Family Household- individuals living together that are linked by government.
birth, adoption or marriage. • State uses complete political cohesiveness.
2. Non-family Household- living alone or non-relatives only. •Industrial Society
DAY 21
DAY 20
Authority Legitimacy
Four Types of Key Terms Latin word “auctoritas” Latin word “ligitimare” meaning
Political meaning “lawful”
Organization (Elman “influence/command”
Service) Without legitimacy is Transforms power into authority.
1. Band •Least Complex form of political organization power.
•Consist of 20-50 individuals The right to exercise A value whereby something or
power given by the state someone id recognized and accepted 3. Development Agencies
or by academic as right and proper. 4. Transitional Advocacy Groups
knowledge of an area.

Authority + Legitimacy = Power

Authority without Legitimacy is just Power.

Max Weber 20th Century sociologist organized 3 Categories of Legitimacy

of Authority.

Categories of Legitimacy
of Authority
1. Legal Have been either elected
Authority or appointed to office.
By law. E.g president of
the state.
2. Traditional Rule based on
Authority inheritance of the title.
E.g monarchs.
3. Charismatic Based on personal
Authority attachments of
subordinates. Based on
characteristics,
experience or even skills.
E.g showbiz artist that
entered politics.

DAY 22

Non-state Institutions-organization that affects or influence

1. Banks and Corporations

2. Cooperative and Trade Unions
Personal Development ( DAYS 15,18,19,21,22) 4. Empathy -second most important
element of EI
DAY 15 -you can understand others
-putting yourself in other
Emotional Intelligence (EI)- is the ability to recognize your emotions, shoes
understand what they’re telling you and realize how your emotions affect -recognizing the feelings of
people around you. others.

Daniel Goleman- an American psychologist who developed a framework of 5. Social Skills/ -knowing or acknowledging
five elements/domain that define emotional intelligence. Handling others
Relationship -can manage disputes,
Five Elements/Domains of Definition excellent communicators and
Emotional Intelligence are master at building and
1. Self-Awareness -people with high EI are maintaining relationships.”
usually self-aware
-is fundamental and primary
-you are willing to take an TRUE OR FALSE
honest look to yourself
-you know who you are TRUE 1. The characteristics of self-regulation are thoughtfulness ,comfort
2. Self-Management -ability to control emotions with change, integrity and the ability to say no.
and impulses
-self regulation FALSE 2. You are self-regulated if you will understand your emotions and
-to control or handle your you don’t let your feelings rule them. Self-awareness.
emotion
-think before you act TRUE 3. A person with empathy are good at recognizing the feelings of
-characteristics of self others, even when those feelings may not be obvious.
regulation are thoughtfulness,
comfort with change, TRUE 4. You are motivated if you are willing to defer immediate results for
integrity and ability to say long-term success. You’re highly productive, love challenge and are very
no. effective in whatever you do.
3. Self-Motivation -people with high EI are
usually motivated. FALSE 5. You are a person with empathy if you can manage disputes, are
-your highly productive, love excellent communicator and are master at building and making relationships.
challenge and are very Social Skills.
effective.
DAY 18 Robert Plutchik constructed a diagram of emotions visualizing eight basic
emotions.
By John D. (Jack) Mayer
Postulates of Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotion:
Emotion:
 Basic Emotions are the most basic and primary ones: trust, fear,
-operate in every part of a person
surprise, disgust, anger, anticipation and joy.
-affect many aspect of a person  Combinations the adding up of various primary emotions will
produce a new one like joy + trust = love ,joy + fear =guilt ,joy +
-bridge thought, feeling and action surprise = delight
-the person affects many aspects of the emotion  Opposites there is a duality with emotions hence each one has its
polar opposites. E.g : sadness opposite of joy, trust opposite of
Feelings: disgust, fear opposite of anger, surprise opposite of anticipation
 Intensity, this degree of change in intensity, from very strong to not
-emotions are human beings
so much, produces the diverse amount of emotions we can feel. E.g
-help keep us on the right track trust goes from acceptance to admiration, fear goes from timidity
to terror, surprise goes from uncertainty to amazement
-most reliable indicators of how things are going in our life
Other Terms:

Emotion comes from a French word “emouvoir” which means “to be put
By Dr. Maurice Elias: into motion”.
What is an emotion? Emotions are particular types of energy.
1. An emotion is usually caused by a person consciously or Emotions are neither positive or negative.
unconsciously evaluating an event as relevant to a concern or goal
that is important. Emotion are responsible of changes in attitude and behaviour.
2. The core of emotion is readiness to act and the prompting of plans.
Emotions are followed by action.
3. An emotion is usually experienced as a distinctive type of mental
state.