OKIT, KIMBERLY JEAN P.

MEDIEVAL EUROPE
MLS-1C - Patients submit their urine specimen in decorative
PRELIMS flasks;
- Diagnosis was done by water casting (uroscopy);
HISTORY OF THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - Uroscopy: the diagnostic examination of urine by
PROFESSION simple inspection.
HISTORY: -urine samples are placed in decorative flasks
• Global context - Physicians were beaten to death in public if they fail
• Philippine Setting to examine the urine samples.

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN A 900 AD

GLOBAL CONTEXT - The first book detailing the characteristics of urine
• Early medical diagnosis treated disease as a was written. (color, density and quality)
MYSTERY; 11TH CENTURY
• Diseases were believed to be caused by NEGATIVE
INTERACTION between ENVIRONMENT and the - Medical practitioners were NOT ALLOWED to
BODY. conduct physical examination.
- Patient’s description of symptoms and their
300 BC TO 180 AD observations were the basis of diagnosis.
- Ancient Greek physicians played an important role in 14TH CENTURY
increasing the quality of patient’s life.
Anne Fagelson- correlated the
cause of death of Alexander
Gillani to laboratory- acquired
infection

18TH CENTURY

Hippocrates: -the “father of medicine”. - Cadaver dissection and mechanical techniques were
Galen: -the “master of medicine used.

HIPPOCRATES 1821-1902

- Father of Medicine) Rudolf Virchow - was

- Author of the “Hippocratic Oath” recognized as the Father of
- An oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. It Microscopic Pathology.
requires to swear by the healing gods that they will
uphold specific medical standards.
- “I swear by Apollo the Healer, by Asclepius, by
Hygieia, by Panacea, and by all the gods and
goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will carry
out, according to my ability and judgment, this oath
19TH CENTURY
and this indenture.”
- Tasting of urine - machines were used for diagnosis
- Listening to lungs - Concluded that blood, bubbles John Hutchinson – Spirometer: measures the vital
and pus in urine indicates KIDNEY DISEASE. capacity of lungs
Jules Herrison – Sphygmomanometer: measures
CLAUDIUS GALEN
blood pressure
- Master of Medicine Dr. Calvin Ellis - Was the first to utilize the
- Rudimentary and qualitative assessment of disorder microscope in examining specimens at the
through measurement of body fluids. Massachusetts General Hospital.
- Four humors: Dr. William Occam - Used laboratory findings as
BLOOD preliminary evidence in diagnosing and evaluating
PHLEGM patient’s disease
YELLOW BILE William H. Welch and Michell Prudden – First to
BLACK BILE apply clinical pathology to medical diagnosis
- Relationship between fluid intake and urine volume.
Dr. William Osler - Introduced and used the
- Diabetes is “diarrhea of urine”
microscope and a blood-counting machine in the
hospital laboratory
1986 f. Recognized School of Medical Technology
g. Council
Johns Hopkins Hospital - First hospital to have a h. Board
clinical laboratory
SECTION 3
1911 Council of Medical Technology Education, Its
- Laboratory science was formally approved as the Composition:
basis of diagnosing disease. Composition:
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE a. Chairman – Director of Higher Education
UNITED STATES b. V-Chairman – Chairman of the Professional
Regulation Commission
1895 – William Pepper Laboratory of Medicine was c. Members:
opened; i. Director of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories
1918 – John Kolmer published the book: The (DOH)
Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians; ii. Chairman and two members of Board of Medical
- all hospitals and labs are required to have a fully- Technology
equipped lab for routine testing; iii. Representative of the Deans of Schools of Medical
Technology and Public Health
1920
iv. President of the Philippine Society of Pathologists
Clinical laboratories were directed by a chief physician. v. President of Philippine Association of Medical
Made up of 4 -5 divisions: Technologist
clinical pathology, bacteriology, microbiology, serology
SECTION 4
and radiology.
Compensation and Travelling Expenses of Council
1922 Members:
- Chairman 🡪 Php 50.00 per diem
- established the code of ethics - Members 🡪 Php 25.00
of technicians and technologists

*the Chairman and the members shall be entitled to

travelling expenses in connection with their official
duties*

1940

- Education on Laboratory science was started.

- A standard two-year curriculum on collegiate
education with one year actual training in the
laboratory.

REPUBLIC ACT 5527

- A Republic Act governing the practice of Medical

Technology in the Philippines
- Existing LAW that governs the practice of Medical
Technology in the Philippines Comprised of 32
sections SECTION 6
Minimum Required Course:
RA 5527
a. The MT course shall be at least four years (BSMT,
- An act REQUIRING the Registration of Medical BSPH, *BMLS) including a 12-month satisfactory
Technologists, Defining their Practice and for Other internship. CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 14,
Purposes s. 2006
- Medical Technology to MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY/
SECTION 1 MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
Title: Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 b. 12-month internship to 6-MONTH INTERNSHIP
*currently, CMO no. 13 is being practiced wherein the
SECTION 2
curriculum went back to 12-month internship.
Definition of Terms:
a. Practice of Medical Technology SECTION 7
b. Pathologist Medical Technology Board:
c. Medical Technologist *created by the Professional Regulation Commission,
d. Medical Laboratory Technician appointed by the President of the Philippines
e. Accredited Medical Training Laboratory a. Chairman 🡪 Pathologist
b. Members 🡪 (2) RMTs without:
Term of Service: 3 years of service or until successors a. having obtained a valid CERTIFICATE OF
shall have been appointed REGISTRATION from the Board
b. EXCEPT:
SECTION 8 * duly registered physician
Qualifications of Examiners: * MedTech from other countries called in for
a. Filipino citizen consultation or visit
b. of good moral character * MedTech in the service of the US Armed Forces
c. Qualified Pathologist stationed in the Philippines
d. RMT with a degree of BSMT/BSPH/BS Hygiene
e. has been in practice of laboratory medicine (at least SECTION 15
10 years prior to appointment) Examination:
f. not a faculty of medical technology school (at least 2 *Board Exam is required (written) 🡪 August or
years prior to appointment) September in Manila, Davao and Cebu
*notice shall be provided by the Secretary of the Board
SECTION 9 at least 30 days prior to date of examination (in at
Executive Officers of the Board: least 3 newspapers of national circulation)
SECTION 10 SECTION 16
Compensation of Members of the Board of Qualification for Examination:
Examiners for Medical Technology: a. has completed at least FOUR-YEAR COURSE
(BSMT, BSPH)
b. At least 5-year MT work before June 21, 1969
*each member of the Board c. in good health and of good moral character
🡪 Php 10.00 for each applicant examined
🡪 Php 5.00 for each applicant granted a certificate of SECTION 17
registration without examination

SECTION 12
Removal of Board Members:
a. Neglect of duty
b. Incompetency, Malpractice, Unprofessional,
Unethical, Immoral or Dishonorable conduct
SECTION 19
SECTION 13 Rating in the Examination:
Accreditation of Schools of Medical Technology
and of Training Laboratories: PASS - 🡪 average of at least 75%, with no rating
*Department of Education and Culture 🡪 approval of <50% in any of the major subjects
schools of Medical Technology FAILED - 🡪 may repeat until THREE TIMES. On the
*Bureau of Research and Laboratories (DOH) 🡪 fourth failure, he is required to complete 12-MONTH
approval of laboratories as training laboratories REFRESHER COURSE in an accredited laboratory
Recent:
DOH through Bureau of Health Facilities and SECTION 20
Services 🡪 accreditation for training laboratories Oath Taking:
*All SUCCESSFUL EXAMINEES are REQUIRED to
SECTION 14 take the oath before the Board or before any person
Inhibition Against the Practice of Medical authorized to administer.
Technology:
*no person shall be allowed to practice MedTech
SECTION 21 SECTION 30
Issuance of Certificate of Registration: Separability Clause:
- Age requirement 🡪 21 years old *if any provision shall be declared invalid, the
- Certificates shall be signed by: remainder of this Act shall not be affected
*Members of the Board
* Commissioner of the PRC. SECTION 31
Repealing Clause:
SECTION 22 *all acts, executive orders, rules and regulations
Fees: inconsistent with this Act are hereby repealed;
*charge for application for examination and registration *Medical Act of 1959 (RA 2382), Clinical Laboratory
and issuance of certificate (P50.00); Act of 1966 (RA 4688) and the Blood Banking Law of
1956 (RA 1517) are not amended or repealed.

SECTION 32
*** Payment of P10.00 for replacement of certificates Effectivity:
(lost, destroyed or mutilated) *** *this Act shall take effect upon its approval.
SECTION 23 APPROVAL: June 21, 1969
Refusal to Issue Certificate: REPUBLIC ACT 5527
*to persons who are:
a. Convicted by the court of competent jurisdiction of - RA 5527 has become obsolete and no longer applies
any crimes to present conditions
b. Guilty of immoral or dishonorable conduct - The scope of practice and roles of MT have extended
c. Of unsound mind to other areas beyond the realm of clinical laboratory
d. Inflicted with incurable disease - Homogeneity of the members of Professional
Regulatory Board of Medical Technology
SECTION 24 - Scope of practice needs to be updated
Administrative Investigation:
*Revocation or Suspension conducted by: - Creation of Technical Committee for Medical
a. At least 2 members of the Board Technology Education
b. Legal officer
Revocation 🡪 unanimous vote (3/3) What were the attempts to change the existing
Suspension 🡪 2/3 vote law?

SECTION 25
Appeal:
- The decision is FINAL thirty (30) days after its
promulgation. An individual may APPEAL to the
office of the President of the Philippines.

SECTION 26
Reinstatement, Reissue or Replacement of
Certificate: So what is new then?
*upon request without prejudice

SECTION 27
Foreign Reciprocity:
*no foreigner shall be admitted to examination, or be
given a certificate of registration unless the country or
state which he is a subject permit Filipino MedTech to
practice within its territorial limits

SECTION 28
Roster of Medical Technology:
*a list of RMTs.
* This shall be open to public inspection and copies
shall be mailed to each person included therein

SECTION 29
Penal Provisions:
*violation to the provision of this Act shall be punished
by a fine and/or imprisonment
Fine: not <P2,000 but not >P5,000
Imprisonment: not <6 months but not >2 years
What are the changes?